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Climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions pose tremendous challenges to policymakers, the economy, and society. In this context, the development of clean, low-emission technologies plays a crucial role in mitigating the negative impact of fossil fuels on the climate. Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier and fuel that, thanks to its versatility, can be used in many applications. However, the adoption of hydrogen technology requires sufficient trust in its safety. To proxy the development of hydrogen safety innovations, we provide an analysis along the three knowledge and technology transfer channels of publications, patents, and standards. Our results show that research on hydrogen safety has increased significantly in the last decades, with hydrogen safety patents experiencing a general upward trend between 1980 and 2020, just recently decreasing. However, an analysis of almost 100 international hydrogen and fuel cell standards shows only a small number of references to scientific publications. This apparently limited transfer of knowledge from publications points to the need to optimize the coordination of the three knowledge and technology transfer channels for the future development of hydrogen technology. Based on the exploration of this gap, we recommend that research on the three channels for hydrogen be intensified and that the impact of hydrogen safety technology research and development on their diffusion be investigated.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Conformity Assessment: Insights from a Multinational Study
(2021)
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed new and manifold challenges to organizations and their operations worldwide. Conformity assessment bodies (CABs), such as testing or medical laboratories, certification, and inspection bodies, are also affected by the associated disruptions. Their situation in this crisis is highly relevant, as CABs are essential pillars of the quality infrastructure: Their activities ensure that products and services meet requirements as defined in standards and regulations, thereby contributing to their safety and reliability. Considering the roles and functions of CABs in economy, health, and innovation, the question arises how CABs and their operations were affected by the pandemic and how they responded. To this end, we present the results of an international survey of 986 CABs of all types in Germany, the UK, Italy, and New Zealand. Overall, CABs reported on average a negative development of demand during the pandemic, facing restrictions in all countries. In addition, the pandemic had overall negative impact on the CABs’ investment and innovation activities. However, investments in digital infrastructure were increased as countermeasure, with CABs reporting an increased need for digitalization. Resources relevant to organizational resilience were available to different extents, affecting the speed of response to the challenges of the pandemic. The paper highlights and discusses results from in-depth analyses, which are relevant for policy makers and industry alike.
Climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions pose tremendous challenges to policymakers, the economy, and society. In this context, the development of clean, low-emission technologies plays a crucial role in mitigating the negative impact of fossil fuels on the climate. Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier and fuel that, thanks to its versatility, can be used in many applications. However, the adoption of hydrogen technology requires sufficient trust in its safety. To proxy the development of hydrogen safety innovations, we provide an analysis along the three knowledge and technology transfer channels of publications, patents, and standards. Our results show that research on hydrogen safety has increased significantly in the last decades, with hydrogen safety patents experiencing a general upward trend between 1980 and 2020, just recently decreasing. However, an analysis of almost 100 international hydrogen and fuel cell standards shows only a small number of references to scientific publications. This apparently limited transfer of knowledge from publications points to the need to optimize the coordination of the three knowledge and technology transfer channels for the future development of hydrogen technology. Based on the exploration of this gap, we recommend that research on the three channels for hydrogen be intensified and that the impact of hydrogen safety technology research and development on their diffusion be investigated.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Conformity Assessment: Insights from a Multinational Study
(2021)
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed new and manifold challenges to organizations and their operations worldwide. Conformity assessment bodies (CABs), such as testing or medical laboratories, certification, and inspection bodies, are also affected by the associated disruptions. Their situation in this crisis is highly relevant, as CABs are essential pillars of the quality infrastructure: Their activities ensure that products and services meet requirements as defined in standards and regulations, thereby contributing to their safety and reliability. Considering the roles and functions of CABs in economy, health, and innovation, the question arises how CABs and their operations were affected by the pandemic and how they responded. To this end, we present the results of an international survey of 986 CABs of all types in Germany, the UK, Italy, and New Zealand. Overall, CABs reported on average a negative development of demand during the pandemic, facing restrictions in all countries. In addition, the pandemic had overall negative impact on the CABs’ investment and innovation activities. However, investments in digital infrastructure were increased as countermeasure, with CABs reporting an increased need for digitalization. Resources relevant to organizational resilience were available to different extents, affecting the speed of response to the challenges of the pandemic. The paper highlights and discusses results from in-depth analyses, which are relevant for policy makers and industry alike.
Climate change and the need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions pose tremendous challenges to policymakers, the economy, and society. In this context, the development of clean, low-emission technologies plays a crucial role in mitigating the negative impact of fossil fuels on the climate. Hydrogen is a promising energy carrier and fuel that, thanks to its versatility, can be used in many applications. However, the adoption of hydrogen technology requires sufficient trust in its safety. To proxy the development of hydrogen safety innovations, we provide an analysis along the three knowledge and technology transfer channels of publications, patents, and standards. Our results show that research on hydrogen safety has increased significantly in the last decades, with hydrogen safety patents experiencing a general upward trend between 1980 and 2020, just recently decreasing. However, an analysis of almost 100 international hydrogen and fuel cell standards shows only a small number of references to scientific publications. This apparently limited transfer of knowledge from publications points to the need to optimize the coordination of the three knowledge and technology transfer channels for the future development of hydrogen technology. Based on the exploration of this gap, we recommend that research on the three channels for hydrogen be intensified and that the impact of hydrogen safety technology research and development on their diffusion be investigated.
The COVID-19 pandemic has posed new and manifold challenges to organizations and their operations worldwide. Conformity assessment bodies (CABs), such as testing or medical laboratories, certification, and inspection bodies, which are a key part of the Quality Infrastructure and constitute central pillars for trade, health and the innovation system, are also affected by the associated disruptions. However, their services matter more than ever.
We present the results of an international survey of 986 CABs of all types in Germany, the UK, Italy, and New Zealand to highlight and compare economic impacts, the resilience of this industry as well as issues of digitalization.