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8.7 Thermografische Verfahren

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  • Krankenhagen, Rainer (6)
  • Röllig, Mathias (4)
  • Maierhofer, Christiane (3)
  • Worzewski, Tamara (3)
  • Altenburg, Simon J. (2)
  • Doroshtnasir, M. (2)
  • Thiel, Erik (2)
  • Ziegler, Mathias (2)
  • Arendholz, S. (1)
  • Bernegger, Raphael (1)
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  • Zeitschriftenartikel (9) (entfernen)

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  • 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (9)
  • 8.7 Thermografische Verfahren (9)

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Application of thermographic testing for the characterization of impact damage during and after impact load (2019)
Maierhofer, Christiane ; Krankenhagen, Rainer ; Röllig, Mathias
Low-velocity impact damages were monitored in-situ using an infrared camera before, during and after Impact load. Thermal images were recorded as a function of time at the front side (impact) as well as at the rear side of the plates using a high frame rate. In CFRP and GFRP specimens with different thicknesses and made of various types of fibers and matrix materials, different kind of damages were observed. The sizes of the heated areas being related to the damages and the amount of energy dissipated into heat was determined quantitatively as a function of impact energy and are a measure of the resistance of the different materials against impact load.
Localization of subsurface defects in uncoated aluminum with structured heating using high-power VCSEL laser arrays (2019)
Thiel, Erik ; Ziegler, Mathias ; Studemund, Taarna
We report on photothermal detection of subsurface defects by coherent superposition of thermal wave fields. This is made possible by structured heating using high-power VCSEL laser arrays whose individual emitter groups can be arbitrarily controlled. In order to locate the defects, we have developed a scanning method based on the continuous wavelet transformation with complex Morlet wavelet using the destructive interference effect of thermal waves. This approach can also be used for thermally very fast and highly reflective materials such as uncoated aluminum. We show that subsurface defects at an aspect ratio of defect width to defect depth down to 1/3 are still detectable in this material.
Absorption coefficient dispersion in flash thermography of semitransparent solids (2018)
Altenburg, Simon J. ; Bernegger, Raphael ; Krankenhagen, Rainer
Pulse and flash thermography are experimental techniques which are widely used in the field of non-destructive testing for materials characterization and defect detection. We recently showed that it is possible to determine quantitatively the thickness of semitransparent polymeric solids by fitting of results of an analytical model to experimental flash thermography data, for both transmission and reflection configuration. However, depending on the chosen experimental configuration, different effective optical absorption coefficients had to be used in the model to properly fit the respective experimental data, although the material was always the same. Here, we show that this effect can be explained by the wavelength dependency of the absorption coefficient of the sample material if a polychromatic light source, such as a flash lamp, is used. We present an extension of the analytical model to describe the decay of the heating irradiance by two instead of only one effective absorption coefficient, greatly extending its applicability. We show that using this extended model, the experimental results from both measurement configurations and for different sample thicknesses can be fitted by a single set of parameters. Additionally, the deviations between experimental and modeled surface temperatures are reduced compared to a single optimized effective absorption coefficient.
Wenn die Wärme Wellen schlägt (2018)
Ziegler, Mathias ; Thiel, Erik
Mit Laserlicht kann man eine Materialoberfläche berührungslos und schnell moduliert aufheizen. Dabei entsteht eine stark gedämpfte Wärmewelle, die tief ins Material eindringen kann. Erzeugt und überlagert man solche thermischen Wellen auf kohärente Weise, dann kann man damit versteckte Materialfehler zerstörungsfrei und sehr präzise aufspüren. Sogar eine bildgebende Tomografie ist denkbar.
Continuous and Laplace transformable approximation for the temporal pulse shape of Xe-flash lamps for flash thermography (2017)
Altenburg, Simon J. ; Krankenhagen, Rainer
Flash thermography is widely used in non-destructive testing and materials characterisation. The use of analytical modelling utilizing the Laplace transform allows one to calculate the temperature transients of flash-heated samples and therefore characterize them by fitting of the results of model calculations to experimental data. However, for samples with high thermal diffusivity or very thin samples, the temperature transient is strongly influenced by the temporal shape of the heating pulse, especially in reflection configuration. To incorporate this into the model, the temporal shape of the heating pulse and its Laplace transform have to be known. Here we present a close phenomenological approximation of the temporal shape of pulses of Xe-flash lamps. It is a non-stitched solution, has a simple Laplace transform and is suitable for different lamps and energy settings. As an example for a practical application of the pulse shape approximation, we use it to determine the thickness of polymer samples with thicknesses down to 80 µm by means of flash thermography, both in transmission and reflection configuration. Using a rectangular pulse shape or a delayed Dirac pulse shape, the thickness results are very sensitive to the start time of the fit and an additional calibration is needed.
On-site inspection of potential defects in wind turbine rotor blades with thermography (2016)
Doroshtnasir, Manoucher ; Worzewski, Tamara ; Krankenhagen, Rainer ; Röllig, Mathias
Recurrent non-destructive testing inspections are necessary to prevent damages in wind turbine rotor blades, but so far, there is no established method that detects defects in blades from greater distances – although this becomes increasingly important in the context of hardly accessible offshore wind parks. Thermography is a promising method for detecting subsurface defects, but various challenges arise when this method is applied on-site to turbine blades in operation. Disturbing influences from the environment easily lead to a misinterpretation of thermograms (i.e. thermographic images), such as thermal signatures caused by reflections, dirt and other superficial inhomogeneities. This study explores several problems and effects that arise, when (rotating) blades are monitored with thermography. It will then be demonstrated that a meaningful defect inspection in this scenario is essentially restricted to a procedure following three steps: Firstly, calculating the so-called difference thermograms of all blade pairs for eliminating disturbing reflections. Secondly, identifying potentially relevant signals, which are associated neither with structural features nor with dynamical effects, and the identification of these signals’ allocations (through comparison of all difference thermograms with each other). And thirdly, comparing these signals with (processed) photos for excluding incorrect indications by surface effects. Unlike common thermographic analysis methods, which typically only include an aspect of this procedure, the composition presented in this contribution constitutes an advanced technique for minimizing disturbing influences in thermograms. The proposed thermographic technique enables the detection of potential subsurface defects within rotating rotor blades from greater distances – such as from the ground, air crafts or vessels.
Thermographic inspection of wind turbine rotor blade segment utilizing natural conditions as excitation source, Part II: The effect of climatic conditions on thermographic inspections – A long term outdoor experiment (2016)
Worzewski, Tamara ; Krankenhagen, Rainer ; Doroshtnasir, M.
The present study continues the work described in part I of this paper in evaluating a longterm-experiment, where a rotor blade segment of a wind turbine is exposed to the elements and thereby monitored with passive thermography. First, it is investigated whether subsurface features in rotor blades – mainly made of GFRP – can generally be detected with thermography from greater distances under favorable conditions. The suitability of the sun for acting as a heat source in applying active thermography has been tested in the previous study. In this study, the climatic influence on thermographic measurement is evaluated. It is demonstrated that there are favorable and unfavorable circumstances for imaging thermal contrasts which reflect inner structures and other subsurface features like potential defects. It turns out that solar radiation serves as a very effective heat source, but not at all times of day. Other environmental influences such as diurnal temperature variations also create temperature contrasts that permit conclusions on subsurface features. Particular scenarios are reconstructed with FEM-simulations in order to gain deeper insight into the driving mechanisms that produce the observed thermal contrasts. These investigations may help planning useful outdoor operations for inspecting rotor blades with thermography.
Thermographic inspection of a wind turbine rotor blade segment utilizing natural conditions as excitation source, Part I: Solar excitation for detecting deep structures in GFRP (2016)
Worzewski, Tamara ; Röllig, Mathias ; Maierhofer, Christiane ; Doroshtnasir, M. ; Steinfurth, H. ; Krankenhagen, Rainer
This study evaluates whether subsurface features in rotor blades, mainly made of Glass Fibre Reinforced Plastics (GFRP), can generally be detected with ‘‘solar thermography”. First, the suitability of the sun is tested for acting as a heat source for applying active thermography on a 30 mm thick GFRP test specimen. Second, a defective rotor blade segment is inspected outdoors under ideal natural conditions using the sun as excitation source. Additionally, numerical FEM-simulations are performed and the comparability between experiment and simulation is evaluated for outdoor measurements.
Porosity detection in high pressure die castings - Part 1 - Microscopic investigations of pores in HPD castings (2015)
Richter, U. ; Mischke, R. ; Röllig, Mathias ; Maierhofer, Christiane ; Eigenfeld, K. ; Arendholz, S.
Ever larger high pressure die castings (HPDC) with ever thinner walls raise the issue of castings defects. Properties of components are often strongly influenced by inner porosity. In the case of high pressure die castings, shrinkage and gas porosity occur. Two possibilities of characterizing porosity – by microscopy and active thermography – are dealt with in two articles. In this article, the microscopic investigations are presented. In a second article, first the feasibility of thermographic detection will be discussed based on simulations and, thereafter, the experimental determination of porosity with active thermography will be described.
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