7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen
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Im Rahmen des laufenden IGF Projektes 20762 N wurde der Einfluss von Haftklebebändern auf das Brandverhalten von Klebverbunden Untersucht. Dabei wurden sowohl kommerziell verfügbare Klebebänder mit unterschiedlichem Brandverhalten als auch Modellhaftklebebänder mit neuartigen Flammschutzmitteln eingesetzt.
Zunächst wurde das Brandverhalten der Klebebänder adressiert und anschließend der Einfluss jenes Brandverhaltens auf Brandeigenschaften von entsprechend geklebten Verbunden analysiert.
Im Bezug auf die Entflammbarkeit besitzt das Klebeband im Inneren eines Klebverbundes nur einen geringen Einfluss auf das Brandverhalten und die Eigenschaften des Substrates dominieren.
Im sich entwickelnden Brand, hier simuliert durch das Cone Calorimeter, sind deutliche Unterschiede zwischen massivem und geklebten Bauteil zu erkennen. Dabei wirkt die Klebfuge je nach Substrat und Klebebandbeschaffenheit unterschiedlich.
Weitere Untersuchungen zu flammgeschützten Haftklebstoffen sollen erfolgen und somit neue Wege in der Haftklebstoffentwicklung aufzeigen.
The influence of pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) tapes as adhesive layers on the burning behaviour of bonded materials has been investigated. Single-sided tapes as an outer connection between construction materials have large influence on flammability, flame spread and fire resistance. In contrast, double sided tapes only take a small impact on the flammability but can drasticly change the burning behaviour in developing fires.
In the recent years, more and more products in construction and automotive industry are bonded by adhesive tapes instead of mechanical fasteners but there is no sufficient understanding of how these bonded, layered materials behave in fires. Our research project gives an insight of how adhesives and substrates interact with each other in different fire scenarios and how flame retardants function in pressure sensitive adhesive (PSA) tapes. A systematic investigation on the burning behavior of PSA tapes as free-standing films, as top layers on different substrates and as sandwich-like adhesive joints was performed. The burning behavior of free-standing PSA tapes and those used as a coating was significantly improved by using phosphorus-based flame retardants. Furthermore, it was shown that, depending on tape structure and substrate, the PSA tape can lower the fire risk by acting as an intermediate protection layer in bonded materials.
Pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes are used in several industrial applications such as con-struction, railway vehicles and the automotive sector,where the burning behavior is ofcrucial importance. Flame retarded adhesivetapes are developed and provided, however,often without considering the interaction of adhesive tapes and the bonded materialsduring burning nor the contribution of the tapes to fire protection goal of the bondedcomponents in distinct fire tests. This publication delivers an empirical comprehensiveknowledge how adhesive tapes and their flame retardancy effect the burning behaviorof bonded materials. With a special focus on the interaction between the single compo-nents, one flame retarded tape and one tapewithout flame retardant are examined inscenarios of emerging and developing fires, along with their bonds with the commonmaterials wood, zinc-plated steel, mineral wool, polycarbonate, and polymethylmethacry-late. The flame retardant significantly improved the flame retardancy of the tape as afree-standing object and yielded a V-2 rating in UL 94 vertical test and raised the OxygenIndex by 5 vol.%. In bonds, or rather laminates, the investigations prove that the choiceof carrier and substrates are the factors with the greatest impact on the fire propertiesand can change the peak of heat release rate and the maximum average rate of heatemission up to 25%. This research yielded a good empirical overall understanding of thefire behavior of adhesive tapes and bonded materials. Thus, it serves as a guide for tapemanufacturers and applicants to develop tapes and bonds more substrate specific.