6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (221)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (196)
- Posterpräsentation (94)
- Forschungsdatensatz (26)
- Sonstiges (16)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (10)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (7)
- Forschungsbericht (7)
- Handbuch (4)
- Sammelband (Herausgeberschaft für den kompletten Band) (2)
Sprache
- Englisch (588) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Nanoparticles (129)
- XPS (91)
- Electron microscopy (58)
- SEM (48)
- VAMAS (40)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (32)
- HAXPES (31)
- Particle size distribution (30)
- ToF-SIMS (27)
- NAP-XPS (23)
- Standardisation (22)
- Nanomaterials (19)
- Thin films (19)
- Biofilms (17)
- EDS (17)
- Inter-laboratory comparison (17)
- Reference materials (16)
- Graphene (15)
- Interlaboratory comparison (15)
- Sample preparation (15)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (15)
- Core-shell nanoparticles (14)
- EPMA (14)
- Ellipsometry (14)
- Functionalized graphene (14)
- NanoSolveIT (13)
- AFM (12)
- Imaging (12)
- Nanomaterial (12)
- SAXS (12)
- TiO2 (12)
- Traceability (12)
- E. coli (11)
- EBSD (11)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (10)
- Metrology (10)
- NEXAFS (10)
- Reference material (10)
- Standardization (10)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (9)
- Size (9)
- Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) (8)
- Roughness (8)
- Surface analysis (8)
- Surface chemistry (8)
- Base damage (7)
- Base loss (7)
- Boehmite (7)
- Core-shell particles (7)
- DNA (7)
- Geant4 (7)
- LEE (7)
- Polymers (7)
- ROS (7)
- Reactive oxygen species (7)
- SIMS (7)
- TOPAS (7)
- Test material (7)
- Titania nanoparticles (7)
- Titanium dioxide (7)
- Alginate (6)
- Core-shell (6)
- DNA radiation damage (6)
- Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) (6)
- Dosimetry (6)
- Electrochemistry (6)
- FIB (6)
- Fluorescence (6)
- Geant4-DNA (6)
- Hydrated DNA (6)
- Hydration shell (6)
- Hydrogen (6)
- Hydroxyl radical (6)
- ISO (6)
- Ionization (6)
- Low energy electrons (6)
- Microdosimetry (6)
- Nanocomposite (6)
- Nanotechnology (6)
- Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy (6)
- OH radical (6)
- PES (6)
- Polydopamine (6)
- Prehydrated electron (6)
- Quantum dots (6)
- Radiation damage (6)
- Risk assessment (6)
- Shape (6)
- Single-strand break (SSB) (6)
- Surface chemical analysis (6)
- TOPAS-nbio (6)
- Titanium oxide (6)
- White light interference microscopy (6)
- X-ray spectroscopy (6)
- Xray photo electron spectrocopy (6)
- Advanced materials (5)
- Bacteria (5)
- Data (5)
- Direct damage (5)
- Dissociative electron transfer (DET) (5)
- ESCA (5)
- Elemental composition (5)
- Fe-Ni (5)
- Hydrated electron (5)
- ISO/TC 202 (5)
- Image analysis (5)
- Image processing (5)
- Imaging ellipsometry (5)
- Indirect damage (5)
- Iridium oxide (5)
- Mesoporous iridium oxide films (5)
- Microbeam analysis (5)
- Micropatterning (5)
- Microplastic (5)
- Microplastics (5)
- Nanoparticle concentration (5)
- Net-ionization reaction (5)
- PS (5)
- PTFE (5)
- Quantification (5)
- Quasi-direct damage (5)
- Radiation therapy (5)
- Radical (5)
- Regulation (5)
- SEM/EDS (5)
- STXM (5)
- Si-Ge (5)
- SiO2 (5)
- Surface functionalization (5)
- TEM (5)
- Thin film analysis (5)
- VSSA (5)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (5)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) (5)
- nPSize (5)
- AISI 304L (4)
- Cancer treatment (4)
- Catalysis (4)
- Cycloalyphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (4)
- Deuterium (4)
- Double-strand break (DSB) (4)
- EC4SafeNano (4)
- Electron probe microanalysis (4)
- FeNi (4)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) (4)
- ILC (4)
- ISO/TC 229 (4)
- Image segmentation (4)
- Imaging XPS (4)
- Ionic liquid (4)
- Knowledge Readiness Level (4)
- Microbeam Analysis (4)
- Multi-sample analysis (4)
- Nano (4)
- Nano@BAM (4)
- NanoDefine (4)
- Nanoelectronics (4)
- Nanomaterial classification (4)
- Nanoparticle (4)
- Non-destructive operando analysis (4)
- Oxidation (4)
- Particle size (4)
- Performance check (4)
- Protein (4)
- Quality assurance (4)
- Reproducibility (4)
- SEM/EDX (4)
- Scanning electron microscopy (4)
- SiGe (4)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (4)
- Standards (4)
- Synchrotron radiation (4)
- Thickness (4)
- Transmission function (4)
- 2D materials (3)
- Amperometry (3)
- Auger Electron Spectroscopy (3)
- Austenitic stainless steel (3)
- BAM reference data (3)
- Coating (3)
- Correlative imaging (3)
- Corrosion (3)
- DEA (3)
- DET (3)
- Data-fusion (3)
- EDX (3)
- Electro catalyst (3)
- Electrocatalysis (3)
- Electron Microscopy (3)
- Energy deposit (3)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (3)
- Epoxy (3)
- European Centre (3)
- Femtosecond laser (3)
- Fluoride (3)
- G5P (3)
- Gold (3)
- Graphene oxide (3)
- Graphene related 2D materials (3)
- HKUST-1 (3)
- Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (3)
- Hybrid metrology (3)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (3)
- Immunoassay (3)
- Interlaboratory Comparisons (3)
- Iodine (3)
- Ionisation (3)
- Iridium oxide films (3)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (3)
- Laser ablation in liquid (3)
- MCS (3)
- MamaLoCA (3)
- Mesoporous materials (3)
- Method (3)
- Micro- and nanoplastics (3)
- Microanalysis (3)
- Multiphoton lithography (3)
- Nanopipettes (3)
- Nanoplastics (3)
- Nanosafety (3)
- Non-spherical shape (3)
- OER (3)
- PCA (3)
- Particle (3)
- Particle scattering (3)
- Photocatalysis (3)
- Polymer 3R (3)
- Porosity (3)
- Preparation (3)
- Presolvated electron (3)
- Quantum yield (3)
- Radiolysis (3)
- Radiotherapy (3)
- Reference data (3)
- Sensing (3)
- Simulation (3)
- Small-area XPS (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- Stability (3)
- Steel (3)
- Surfaces (3)
- Synthesis (3)
- TED-GC/MS (3)
- Thin Films (3)
- Thin film metrology (3)
- Ti6Al4V alloy (3)
- Titania (3)
- Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) (3)
- Transmission electron microscopy (3)
- Two-photon polymerisation (3)
- Uncertainties (3)
- X-ray spectrometer (3)
- XRF (3)
- Xray (3)
- Zirconium (3)
- µ-XRF (3)
- 2D Materials (2)
- 3D (2)
- 3D nano SIMS (2)
- ACEnano (2)
- AES (2)
- ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (2)
- Agarose (2)
- Aging (2)
- Anatase (2)
- Atomic force microscopy (2)
- Atomic layer deposition (2)
- Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) (2)
- Automated image analysis (2)
- Automatisation (2)
- Biosensors (2)
- Bisphenol A (2)
- CEN/TC 352 Nanotechnologies (2)
- Cancer therapy (2)
- Case studies (2)
- Catalysts (2)
- Characterisation (2)
- Characterization (2)
- Chemical analysis (2)
- Chemical composition (2)
- Commercial graphene (2)
- Concentration (2)
- Convolutional neural networks (2)
- Copper (2)
- Correlative Imaging (2)
- Correlative analysis (2)
- Cylic Voltammetry (2)
- DSB (2)
- Decision support (2)
- Defects (2)
- Definition of nanomaterial (2)
- Depth profiling (2)
- Diagnosis (2)
- Dry DNA (2)
- Duplex stainless steel (2)
- EDS-TM002 (2)
- EU FP7 project NanoValid (2)
- Ectrocatalysis (2)
- Electron Probe Microanalysis (2)
- Electron spectroscopy (2)
- Epitaxially grown 4H-SiC layers (2)
- Fe3O4 (2)
- FeNi-Oxide NPs (2)
- Ferrihydrite (2)
- Field of View (2)
- Field of view (2)
- Film thickness (2)
- Fullerene (2)
- Graphene inks (2)
- Graphene oxide flakes (2)
- Graphene powder (2)
- Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- Hierarchical micro-nanostructures (2)
- Hydrated electrons (2)
- Hydrothermal synthesis (2)
- ICP-OES (2)
- Inter-laboratory comparisons (2)
- Interlaboratory Comparison (2)
- Iridium-titanium mixed oxides (2)
- Iron oxide (2)
- LDX (2)
- Lanthanide (2)
- Lateral resolution (2)
- Layer-by-layer deposition (2)
- Lifetime (2)
- MOF (2)
- Machine learning (2)
- Mass spectrometry (2)
- Measurement uncertainty (2)
- Mesoporous (2)
- Mesoporous thin films (2)
- Metal organic frameworks (2)
- Microprinting (2)
- Microscopy (2)
- Microstructure (2)
- Modelling (2)
- Molecular sieves (2)
- Morphology (2)
- Mussel-inspired adhesives (2)
- Nano-safety (2)
- NanoSIMS (2)
- Nanoparticle characterization (2)
- Nanoparticle size distribution (2)
- Nanorisk (2)
- Nanostructures (2)
- Neural networks (2)
- Non-classical crystallization theory (2)
- Particle characterisation (2)
- Particle morphology (2)
- Particle number concentration (2)
- Particle size and shape distribution (2)
- Passive film (2)
- Phosphates (2)
- Photocuring (2)
- Photooxidation (2)
- Plasma (2)
- Polyethylene (2)
- Polyethylene Terephtalate (2)
- Polyethylene glycol (2)
- Polyglycerol (2)
- Porous thin films (2)
- Pre-standardisation (2)
- Proteins (2)
- Quantum dot (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Raman-spectroscopy (2)
- Reference Material (2)
- Reproducibility crisis (2)
- SSB (2)
- Safe-by-design (2)
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry (2)
- Shape-controlled (2)
- Silica nanoparticles (2)
- Size distribution (2)
- Small Area XPS (2)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (2)
- Small-spot XPS (2)
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (2)
- Spectroscopic and imaging ellipsometry (2)
- Stainless steel (2)
- Stratagem (2)
- Surface Analysis (2)
- Surface analytics (2)
- Surface charge (2)
- Surface morphology (2)
- Surface science (2)
- TKD (2)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (2)
- Transition metals (2)
- Transparent Conductive Oxides (2)
- Tribology (2)
- Tungsten (2)
- Ultrafast laser processing (2)
- Ultrashort laser processing (2)
- Ultrashort laser pulses (2)
- Upconversion (2)
- Validation (2)
- Virus inhibition (2)
- Water (2)
- X-ray production efficiency (2)
- X-rays (2)
- thin film analysis (2)
- (Hard) X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1)
- (Quantitative) Structure-Active Relationships (1)
- (ter-)pyridineterminated self-assembled monolayer (1)
- 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (1)
- 2D (1)
- 2D flakes (1)
- 2D nanomaterial (1)
- 3D image analysis (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- 4H–SiC (1)
- AEROSIL® OX50 (1)
- AI tool (1)
- Absorption spectrometry (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Acidic oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Adsorbed Layer (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Advanced material (1)
- Advanced optics (1)
- AgInS (1)
- AgInS2 (1)
- Aged particles (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Al2O3 thin films (1)
- AlOOH (1)
- Alkali-silica reaction (1)
- Alloy 31 (1)
- Amorphous phases (1)
- Amphiphilicity (1)
- Analysis area measurements (1)
- Analytical methods (1)
- Analytical services (1)
- Anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antibacterial surface coatings (1)
- Antibiotic delivery (1)
- Antibiotic release (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Antifouling surface coatings (1)
- Antigen testing (1)
- Antimicrobial titanium coating (1)
- Antiviral activity (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Argon gas cluster ion sputtering (1)
- Artefact (1)
- Article concentration (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (1)
- Artificial intelligence (1)
- Atmospheric conditions (1)
- Atomic Force Microscopy (1)
- Atomic fraction (1)
- Au Nanoparticles (1)
- Au-nanocubes (1)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (1)
- Auger-electron spectroscopy (AES) (1)
- Austenitic steel (1)
- Automated Image Analysis (1)
- Automation (1)
- B10 exposure (1)
- BADGER film (1)
- BET (1)
- BNP (1)
- BSA (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (1)
- BadgerFilm (1)
- Batch analysis (1)
- Bead-based assay (1)
- Benchmarking (1)
- Bimodal (1)
- Bimodal size distribution (1)
- Binary zinc alloys (1)
- Bio sensing device (1)
- Bio-orthogonal chemistry (1)
- Bio-weathering (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Biofilm (1)
- Biofuels (1)
- Biointerfaces (1)
- Biomaterials (1)
- Biomimicry (1)
- Biopolymers (1)
- Bipyramid (1)
- Bismuth titanates (1)
- Black fungi (1)
- Black phosphorus (1)
- Boehmite nanoparticles (1)
- Bone (1)
- Boronic acid (1)
- Boronic acid-functionalized 2D MoS2 (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (1)
- Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (1)
- Bulk metallic glasses (1)
- C7H15N2O4P (1)
- CCQM (Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance) (1)
- CEN (1)
- CEO (1)
- CIGS (1)
- CO2 (1)
- CUSP (1)
- Calcium monofluoride (1)
- Calcium silicate hydrate (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Cancer (1)
- Cancer therapy (1)
- Carbon Nanotubes (1)
- Carbon dioxide (1)
- Carbon nanoparticles (1)
- Carbon nanotubes (1)
- Carbon storage (1)
- Catalogue of Services (CoS) (1)
- Catalogue of services (1)
- Categorisation scheme (1)
- Cationic photocuring (1)
- Ce0.1Zr0.9O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 (1)
- CeO2 nanoparticles (1)
- CeO2/Co3O4 (1)
- Cell sheet fabrication (1)
- Cell-envelope (1)
- Cement hydration (1)
- Centrifugal adhesion testing (1)
- Centrifuge technology (1)
- Ceramic (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Certified Referencematerial (1)
- Certified reference materials (1)
- Certified reference nanomaterials (1)
- Change in tensile properties (1)
- Characterization method (1)
- Characterization methods (1)
- Charge (1)
- Chemical analyses (1)
- Chemistry (1)
- Chemometric analysis (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Classification (1)
- Cleaning (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Co0.75Fe2.25O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Co2.25Fe0.75O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Co3O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Coatings (1)
- Coherent Fourier scatterometry (1)
- Comparability (1)
- Comparability of Measurement Results (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Complementary methodology and metrology (1)
- Complementary methods (1)
- Complex-shape (1)
- Composites (1)
- Composition (1)
- Compound semiconductors (1)
- Computed tomography (1)
- Conditioning films (1)
- Controlled morphology (1)
- Controlled periodic illumination (1)
- Controlled-shape (1)
- Copper alloy (1)
- Coprecipitation (1)
- Core-shell nanoparticle (1)
- Core-shell nanoparticle (CSNP) (1)
- Core-shell structures (1)
- Core/shell nanoparticle (1)
- Core–shell particles (1)
- Core−shell particles (1)
- Correlative Spectroscopy (1)
- Correlative ex-situ ellipsometric analysis (1)
- Corrosion testing (1)
- Covalend functionalization (1)
- Covalent functionalization (1)
- Covalent interactions (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Crosslinking density (1)
- Cryo XPS (1)
- Cryo milling (1)
- CuNPs (1)
- CuO nanoparticles (1)
- Cubical Iron Oxide (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- Curing (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (1)
- Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (1)
- Cytotoxicity (1)
- DFT (1)
- DNA structures (1)
- DSC (1)
- DSM 5009 (1)
- DSS (1)
- Damage (1)
- Data Management (1)
- Data correlation (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Data readiness level (1)
- Defect Analysis (1)
- Definition (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol (1)
- Depth Profiles and Images (1)
- Depth information (1)
- Depth-profiling (1)
- Dielectric Spectroscopy (1)
- Diffraction (1)
- Diffusion/diffusivity (1)
- Dispersion of nano materials (1)
- Dodecanethiol (1)
- Doping (1)
- Double-strand break (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- Duplex stainless steels (1)
- Dynamic behavior (1)
- EC definition of a nanomaterial (1)
- EC definition of nanomaterial (1)
- EC nanomaterial definition (1)
- EDS Spectrometer Test (1)
- EDS X-ray spectrometer (1)
- EDS performance check (1)
- EDS-TM001 (1)
- EMPIR (1)
- EMPIR nPSize (1)
- EPMA (Electron Probe Microanalysis) (1)
- ER-XPS (1)
- ESCA/XPS (1)
- ESMA (1)
- ESR (1)
- EU (1)
- EU definition (1)
- EU definition of nanomaterial (1)
- Electrical Paramters (1)
- Electrical Properties (1)
- Electrical properties (1)
- Electrical thin layers (1)
- Electro catalytic water splitting (1)
- Electrocatalytic Water Splitting (1)
- Electrochemical Degradation (1)
- Electrochemical catalysts (1)
- Electrochemical immunosensor (1)
- Electrochemical sensing (1)
- Electrolysis (1)
- Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electron probe microanallysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electrospray (1)
- Electrospray deposition (1)
- Electrospun nanocomposite fiber (1)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Elementzusammensetzung (1)
- Ellipsometric operando investigation (1)
- Ellipsometric porosimetry (1)
- Endocrine disruptor (1)
- Endpoints (1)
- Energy dependent XPS (1)
- Energy materials (1)
- Epoxy conversion degree (1)
- Epoxy nanocomposites (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Estrogenic activity of plastic nanoparticles (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- F- doping (1)
- FAIRification (1)
- FKM polymer (1)
- FTIR (1)
- Fast Fourier Transform (1)
- Fe-Ni oxides (1)
- FeNi nanoparticles (1)
- FeNi thin film (1)
- Femtosecond (1)
- Fenton (1)
- Ferroelectricity/ferroelectric materials (1)
- Few-layered titanium carbide nanosheets (1)
- Field of Analysis (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Fluorescence correction (1)
- Fluorouracil (1)
- Foaming (1)
- Focussed ion beam (1)
- Form factor (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Forsterite (1)
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (1)
- Framework (1)
- Fullerene-Polyglycerol Sulfates (1)
- Functionalized nanographene (1)
- Fungus (1)
- GVP (1)
- Gel electrolytes (1)
- General Materials Science (1)
- Genotoxic and oxidative damage (1)
- Glass powder (1)
- Glass-ceramic (1)
- Glycan microarray (1)
- Goethite (1)
- Governance (1)
- Graphen Oxide (1)
- Graphene /-oxide (1)
- Graphene funcionalisation (1)
- Graphene functionalisation (1)
- Graphene functionalization (1)
- Graphene related materials (1)
- Graphene related two-dimensional materials (GR2M) (1)
- Graphene template (1)
- Graphene-based polyglycerol sulfates (1)
- Graphene–bacteria interaction (1)
- Graphhene (1)
- Graphite furnace (1)
- Grating method (1)
- Green rust (1)
- Grouping (1)
- H-terminated Si3N4 films (1)
- HR-CS-MAS (1)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Hematite (1)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (1)
- High entropy alloy (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High temperature corrosion (1)
- High-entropy alloy (1)
- High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- Homogeneity (1)
- Homogeneous deposition (1)
- Human umbilical cell adhesion (1)
- Hybrid metrology measurement (1)
- Hydrogen Generation (1)
- Hydrogen assisted cracking (1)
- Hydrogen economy (1)
- Hydrogen evolution reaction (1)
- Hydrogen generation (1)
- Hydrogen photoproduction (1)
- Hydrogenated nanostructures (1)
- Hyperbranched (1)
- Hyperspectral imaging (1)
- ILC on detection methods (1)
- IR oxide (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- IR spectroscopy; conductometry (1)
- ISO 21363 (1)
- ISO 23173 (1)
- ISO/TC 201 (1)
- ISO/TC 202 Microbeam Analysis (1)
- ISO/TC229 (1)
- ISOGScope (1)
- Identification (1)
- Iinter-laboratory comparison (1)
- Iionic liquid (1)
- Image Segmentation (1)
- Imaging AES (1)
- Imaging Ellipsometry (1)
- Imaging SIMS (1)
- Imaging surface chemical analysis (1)
- Imaging techniques (1)
- In situ (1)
- In-situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- Indenter area function (1)
- Indium (1)
- Indium Tin Oxide (1)
- Inelastic background (1)
- Influenza A virus (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Instrument compliance (1)
- Intensity scale calibration (1)
- Inter-lab comparison (1)
- Inter-laborator comparison (1)
- Interaction with atmospheres (1)
- Interlaboratory comparisons (1)
- Intermediate phases (1)
- Intermodulation (1)
- Intermodulation AFM (1)
- International Meter Convention (1)
- Interphase (1)
- Intrinsic OER activity (1)
- Iron (1)
- Iron nanophases (1)
- K-rich Birnessite (K0.45MnO2) (1)
- Katalysator (1)
- Knock-out mutant (1)
- Knowledge (1)
- Kraft Lignin (1)
- LEVASIL 50/50 (1)
- LIPSS (1)
- Label-free detection (1)
- Laboratory experiments (1)
- Lanthanide(III) (1)
- Laser processing (1)
- Laser-induced amorphization (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (1)
- Lateral dimensions (1)
- Layer Materials (1)
- Lead-free ceramics (1)
- Lifetime analysis (1)
- Ligand exchange (1)
- Light elements (1)
- Linear polyglycerol (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Lonic liquid (1)
- Low-density polyethylene (1)
- Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) (1)
- Luminescent lifetime (1)
- Luminescent materials (1)
- MALDI (1)
- MNP production technique (1)
- MXenes (1)
- Magic-sized cluster (1)
- Magnetic nanocatalyst (1)
- Magnetpartikel (1)
- Magnetron Sputtering (1)
- Magnetron sputtering (1)
- MamaLoCa (1)
- Marble sculptures (1)
- Martensite (1)
- Martin Seah (1)
- Mass spectrometry imaging (1)
- Material defects (1)
- Materials testing (1)
- Me-TiO2 (1)
- Mechanical properties (1)
- Mechanical stress (1)
- Mechanochemical oxidation (1)
- Mechanochemistry (1)
- Medium entropy alloy (1)
- Melanin Adhesion (1)
- Mesoporosity (1)
- Mesoporous Materials (1)
- Mesoporous films (1)
- Mesoporous iridium oxides films (1)
- Mesoporous iridium-titanium mixed oxides (1)
- Mesoporous mixed metal oxide films (1)
- Mesoporous oxide materials (1)
- Mesoporous oxides (1)
- Metal fluorides (1)
- Metal-organic frameworks (1)
- Metal-organic-frameworks (1)
- Metal-semiconductor (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methane removal (1)
- Methane total oxidation (1)
- Method development (1)
- Method validation (1)
- Metrological traceability (1)
- Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (1)
- Micro- and Nanoplastics (1)
- Microarray printing (1)
- Microbeads (1)
- Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microdroplet (1)
- Microplastic reference materials (1)
- Microplastics detection (1)
- Microplastics standardisation (1)
- Microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- Milling (1)
- Mineral tranformation (1)
- Miscible polymer films (1)
- Mixed metal oxide (1)
- Molybdenum (1)
- Morpho-chemical characterization (1)
- Morphogenesis (1)
- Multi-method analysis (1)
- Multi-resistant bacteria (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multiplex (1)
- Multivalency (1)
- Mussel inspired materials (1)
- Mussel-inspired coating (1)
- Mussel-inspired dendritic polyglycerol (MI-dPG) (1)
- Mutual calibration (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- Nano Characterisation (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano graphene (1)
- Nano particle (1)
- Nano screening (1)
- Nano structure (1)
- Nano-characterisation (1)
- Nano-object (1)
- Nano-powder characterization (1)
- Nano-related data (1)
- Nano-risk assessment (1)
- NanoValid (1)
- Nanoanalysis (1)
- Nanoanalytics (1)
- Nanobiointerfaces (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanocomposites (1)
- Nanocrystals (1)
- Nanocubes (1)
- Nanodefine (1)
- Nanoindentation (1)
- Nanoinformatics (1)
- Nanomaterial Properties (1)
- Nanomaterial analysis (1)
- Nanomaterial categorisation (1)
- Nanomaterial definition (1)
- Nanomaterial legislation (1)
- Nanomaterial properties (1)
- Nanomaterial regulation (1)
- Nanomaterial screening (1)
- Nanomechanical charecteisation (1)
- Nanomechanical properties (1)
- Nanometrology (1)
- Nanoparticle Characterization (1)
- Nanoparticle size (1)
- Nanoparticle size measurement (1)
- Nanoparticle structure (1)
- Nanoparticular TiO2 (Anatase) (1)
- Nanopipette modification (1)
- Nanoplastic (1)
- Nanoplatform (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanorisk Governance (1)
- Nanosafety services (1)
- Nanoscale (1)
- Nanoscale measurements (1)
- Nanosheets (1)
- Nanostructured FeOx films (1)
- Nanostructured material (1)
- Nanotechnologies (1)
- Nano‐object characterization (1)
- Narrow line method (1)
- Native oxide layer (1)
- Near ambient pressure XPS (1)
- Near ambient x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- Near-ambient pressure (1)
- Near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Neural Networks (1)
- Nitrene [2+1] cycloaddition (1)
- Nitrene[2+1]cycloaddition (1)
- Nm film thickness (1)
- NoStep Standards (1)
- Nobel-metal free electrocatalysis (1)
- Noise in image (1)
- Non-destructive ambient analysis (1)
- Non-spherical (1)
- OECD (1)
- OECD TG 125 (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- Olivine (1)
- One-pot synthesis (1)
- Operando (1)
- Optical analysis (1)
- Optical assay (1)
- Optical constants (1)
- Optical measurement technology (1)
- Optical measurements (1)
- Optical porosimetry (1)
- Optical spectroscopy (1)
- Optically active surfaces (1)
- Organic phosphates (1)
- Orientation (1)
- Osteogenesis (1)
- Osteoporosis (1)
- Oxygen Evolution Reaction (1)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (1)
- P. Fluorescens (1)
- P25 (1)
- PC characterisation (1)
- Participatory Approach (1)
- Particle Characterization (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle characterization (1)
- Particle shape (1)
- Partikelgrößenverteilung (1)
- Passivation (1)
- Pelletization (1)
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (1)
- Phase analysis (1)
- Photodegradation (1)
- Photoelectrochemistry (1)
- Photoemission (1)
- Photoluminescence (1)
- Photophysics (1)
- Photoreforming (1)
- Photoswitchable monolayers (1)
- Physicochemical characterization (1)
- Pigments (1)
- Plasma deposition (1)
- Plastic reference materials (1)
- Platinum (1)
- Polarimetry (1)
- Polycarbonate (1)
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafting antifouling surface (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Polymerization (1)
- Polypropylene (1)
- Polystyrene microparticles (1)
- Porous layers (1)
- Porous materials (1)
- Post-modification by L-cysteine (1)
- Powder (1)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (1)
- Power Electronics (1)
- Power electronics (1)
- Pphosphates (1)
- Predictive modelling (1)
- Principal Component Analysis (1)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (1)
- Prodrug antibiotic (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Provenance information (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pseudomonas fluorescens (1)
- Py-GC/MS (1)
- QUASES (1)
- Quality control (1)
- Quantitative XPS (1)
- Quantitative surface chemical analysis (1)
- Quartz nanopipettes (1)
- Quartzite rock (1)
- REM (1)
- REM/EDX (1)
- Rainfall simulator (1)
- Raman (1)
- Real-time infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Reference Nanomaterials (1)
- Reference nanomaterials (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- Reference products (1)
- Reference spectra (1)
- Reference standards (1)
- Regional workshop (1)
- Regulatory identification of nanomaterials (1)
- Regulatory risk assesment (1)
- Release kinetics (1)
- Reliabiilty (1)
- Reliability (1)
- Reliable characterization (1)
- Repelling surface coatings (1)
- Reproducible Spectra (1)
- Resolution criterion (1)
- Risk Governance (1)
- Risk asessment (1)
- Rotaxanes (1)
- Runoff (1)
- SAM (1)
- SARS-CoV 2 (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (1)
- SARS-CoV2 inhibitor (1)
- SEC (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SEM tilting (1)
- SEM/EDS/STRATAGem (1)
- SKPFM (1)
- SOP (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (TSEM) (1)
- Sabatier (1)
- Sample peparation (1)
- Scannig probe microscope (1)
- Scanning Auger Spectroscopy (1)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (1)
- Scanning Probe Microscopy (1)
- Scanning Probe methods (1)
- Scanning probe measurements (1)
- Scanning probe microscopy (1)
- Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Sealing materials (1)
- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Secondary fluorescence (1)
- Secondary fluorescence correction (1)
- Selected Area XPS (1)
- Selected area XPS (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (1)
- Self-degrading (1)
- Semiconductor (1)
- Semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Shape control (1)
- Shape-controlled nanoparticles (1)
- Shape-engineered (1)
- Shell (1)
- Sialic acid (1)
- Siderite (1)
- Silanisation (1)
- Silanization (1)
- Silica (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silver nanoparticles (1)
- Single particle (1)
- Single-source-precursor (1)
- Single-strand break (1)
- Singulettsauerstoff (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Size and size distribution (1)
- Size measurement (1)
- Size measurements (1)
- Small Spot XPS (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Soft X-ray (1)
- Soft-templated mesoporous films (1)
- Software (1)
- Software UNIFIT 2022 (1)
- Sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Solar Cell (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solar concentrator (1)
- Solar energy (1)
- Solarpur (1)
- Sonochemical synthesis (1)
- Specific Surface Area (BET) (1)
- Spectrometer check (1)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) (1)
- Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (1)
- Spectroscopy / Instrumentation (1)
- Spectroscopy / Theory (1)
- Spectrum imaging (1)
- Stabilization (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standard Operation Procedures (1)
- Standard operation procedures (1)
- Standardized check (1)
- Straight edge method (1)
- Streptavidin binding (1)
- Strontium titanate (1)
- Structural characterisation (1)
- Structure activity relationships (1)
- Structure-properties relationships (1)
- Struvite (1)
- Sulfated materials (1)
- Sulphidation (1)
- Surface (1)
- Surface Analysis Working Group (1)
- Surface Analytics (1)
- Surface Chemical Transformation (1)
- Surface Chemistry (1)
- Surface analyses (1)
- Surface analysis, (1)
- Surface analytic (1)
- Surface characterization (1)
- Surface chemical analysis of biofilms (1)
- Surface chemisttry (1)
- Surface modification (1)
- Surface morphology and chemistry (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface regeneration (1)
- Surface-initated grafting (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Swell-capture (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron-XPS (1)
- Synergistic effects (1)
- T-SEM (1)
- TGA (1)
- TMB (1)
- TRL (1)
- TSEM (1)
- Tensile and cmpressive stress testing (1)
- Ternary zinc alloys (1)
- Themal Transitions (1)
- Thermal annealing (1)
- Thermoplastics (1)
- Thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) coatings (1)
- Thermosets (1)
- Thickness measurements (1)
- Thin Layers (1)
- Thin Polymer Layers (1)
- Thin film (1)
- Thin mesoporous films (1)
- Thiols (1)
- Threshold (1)
- Thumor therapy (1)
- Ti oxide (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V alloy (1)
- TiO2 D540 nanoparticles (1)
- TiO2 PVP (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticle (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticles (1)
- Tilting (1)
- Time of Flight - Secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Time-of-Flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Time-offlight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (1)
- Titanium (1)
- Titanium Carbide Nanosheets (1)
- Titanium Dioxide (1)
- Titanium alloy (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- Tools (1)
- TopasMC (1)
- Toxicology (1)
- Traceable nanoparticle size measurements; (1)
- Traceable size (1)
- Transition metal (1)
- Transmission Electron Microscopy (1)
- Transmission electron microsocpy (1)
- Transmission function IERF (1)
- Transparent conductive Oxides (1)
- Trends (1)
- Triazine (1)
- Two photon polymerisation (1)
- Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) (1)
- UV Weathering (1)
- UV-curing (1)
- Ultra thin polymer films (1)
- Uncertainty budget (1)
- VMAAS (1)
- VOx catalyst (1)
- Variable excitation (1)
- Virucidality (1)
- Volcano plot (1)
- Volume specific surface area (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Wastewater treatment (1)
- Water atmosphere (1)
- Water dispersibility (1)
- Water electrolysis (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- Weathering (1)
- White light interferometric microscopy (1)
- White-light Interference Microscopy (1)
- Wide bandgap compound semiconductor (1)
- Wide bandgap compound semiconductors (1)
- Wide bandgap semiconductors (1)
- Wide-bandgap semiconductors (1)
- X-Ray Reflectometry (1)
- X-Ray Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray absorption Fine Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray detectors (1)
- X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (1)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (1)
- X-ray refraction (1)
- X-ray scattering (1)
- X-ray spectrometry (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- XANES (1)
- XAS (1)
- XPS background analysis (1)
- XRD (1)
- Xerogel (1)
- Zeta potential (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- ZnO (1)
- ZnO nanoparticles (1)
- ZnSe (1)
- ZrO2 nanoparticles (1)
- [MMIM]+[DMP]− (1)
- analytical service (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- graphene related 2D materials (1)
- k-values (1)
- layered system (1)
- nm films (1)
- shape control (1)
- transmission mode (1)
- wrapping (1)
- µ-FTIR (1)
- µ-Raman (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (588)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (588)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (52)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (45)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (32)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (27)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (27)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (24)
- 6.7 Materialsynthese und Design (23)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (22)
Paper des Monats
- ja (7)
The mechanism of action of zirconium permanent modifiers on graphite surfaces was investigated in order to understand its influence on the analytical signal in atomic and molecular absorption spectrometry (AAS/MAS). For this, the molecule formation of CaF was studied, which is used for the indirect analytical determination of fluorine in high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS). The kinetics of this reaction was established by monitoring its molecular spectrum at different atomisation temperatures. An Arrhenius plot showed a pseudo-first order reaction with respect to fluorine (n = 1). An intermediate state was isolated, and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods: scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEMEDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS), and Raman microspectroscopy. We propose here a mechanism, where ZrO2 acts as a heterogeneous catalyst: after a pyrolytic step, an intermediate state of ZrO(OCaF) is activated, and at higher temperatures, CaF(g) is released from the zirconium-coated graphite surface. No evidence of the formation of zirconium carbide was found. Consequently, as the CaF formation is catalysed by a heterogeneous catalyst, surface modifications with ZrO2 nanoparticles and ZrO xerogels were investigated in order to increase the surface area. Their influence was evaluated in the molecule formation of CaF, CaCl, CaBr, and CaI. Graphite furnace modification with zirconium oxide nanoparticles proves to be the best choice for fluorine analysis with a signal enhancement of more than eleven times with respect a non-coated graphite furnace. However, the influence of zirconium modifications in the analytical signals of Cl, and I is lower than the F signals or even negative in case of the Br. Understanding zirconium modifiers as heterogeneous catalysts offers a new perspective to AAS and MAS, and reveals the potential of surface analytical methods for development of improved permanent modifiers and graphite furnace coatings.
Monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles as reference material candidate for particle size measurements
(2020)
In order to utilize and rationally design materials at the nanoscale the reliable characterization of their physico-chemical properties is highly important, especially with respect to the assessment of their environmental or biological impact. Furthermore, the European Commission’s REACH Regulations require the registration of nanomaterials traded in quantities of at least 1 ton. Powders or dispersions where 50% (number distribution) of the constituent particles have sizes ≤ 100 nm in at least one dimension are defined as nanomaterials. This creates a need for industrial manufacturers and research or analytical service facilities to reliably characterize potential nanomaterials. Currently, BAM is developing reference nanoparticles, which shall expand the scarce list of worldwide available nano reference materials certified for particle size distribution and will also target other key parameters like shape, structure, porosity or functional properties. In this respect, materials like iron oxide or titanium dioxide are considered as candidates to complement the already available silica, Au, Ag, and polystyrene reference nanoparticles.
The thermal decomposition of iron oleate precursors in high boiling organic solvents can provide large quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles that can be varied in size and shape.[1, 2] The presence of oleic acid or other hydrophobic ligands as capping agents ensures stable dispersion in nonpolar solvents. Such monodisperse, spherical particles were synthesized at BAM and pre-characterized by electron microscopy (TEM, SEM including the transmission mode STEM-in-SEM) and dynamic light scattering comparing cumulants analysis and frequency power spectrum.
1. REACH regulations and nanosafety concerns create a strong need for nano reference materials with diverse properties.
2. Iron oxide nanoparticles are under development as new candidate reference material at BAM.
3. Narrow particle size distribution confirmed by light scattering and electron microscopy.
Nanotechnology has enabled the discovery of a multitude of novel materials exhibiting unique physicochemical (PChem) properties compared to their bulk analogues. These properties have led to a rapidly increasing range of commercial applications; this, however, may come at a cost, if an association to long-term health and environmental risks is discovered or even just perceived. Many nanomaterials (NMs) have not yet had their potential adverse biological effects fully assessed, due to costs and time constraints associated with the experimental assessment, frequently involving animals. Here, the available NM libraries are analyzed for their suitability for integration with novel nanoinformatics approaches and for the development of NM specific Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) for human and environmental risk assessment, all within the NanoSolveIT cloud-platform. These established and well-characterized NM libraries (e.g. NanoMILE, NanoSolutions, NANoREG, NanoFASE, caLIBRAte, NanoTEST and the Nanomaterial Registry (>2000 NMs)) contain physicochemical characterization data as well as data for several relevant biological endpoints, assessed in part using harmonized Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) methods and test guidelines.
Integration of such extensive NM information sources with the latest nanoinformatics methods will allow NanoSolveIT to model the relationships between NM structure (morphology), properties and their adverse effects and to predict the effects of other NMs for which less data is available. The project specifically addresses the needs of regulatory agencies and industry to effectively and rapidly evaluate the exposure, NM hazard and risk from nanomaterials and nano-enabled products, enabling implementation of computational ‘safe-by-design’ approaches to facilitate NM commercialization.
Spectroscopy in Catalysis
(2020)
Knowledge-based catalyst development is always an interaction between preparation, analysis and catalytic testing. Only if these three factors fit together can success be expected. For the analytic side of this triangle, spectroscopic methods play a crucial role. Whereas with diffraction, scattering and microscopy, decisive insights into the structure and morphology of the catalysts can be obtained, spectroscopy produces new knowledge about the chemical nature of the catalyst, e.g., its bonding and valence states.
Aiming at the overall negative surface charge of bacteria, a new strategy of antibacterial agents based on large polymer-modified graphene oxide (GO) sheets is assessed. The presented flexible, polycationic Sheets match the size and charge density of the Escherichia coli surface charge density (2 × 1014 cm−2). These matching parameters create an unspecific but very strong bacteria adsorber by multivalent, electrostatic attraction.
Their interaction with bacteria is visualized via atomic force and confocal microscopy and shows that they effectively bind and wrap around E. coli cells, and thereby immobilize them. The incubation of Gram-negative and -positive bacteria (E. coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) with these polycationic sheets leads to the inhibition of proliferation and a reduction of the colony forming bacteria over time.
This new type of antibacterial agent acts in a different mode of Action than classical biocides and could potentially be employed in medicinal, technical, or agriculture applications. The presented microsheets and their unspecific binding of cell interfaces could further be employed as adsorber material for bacterial filtration or immobilization for imaging, analysis, or sensor technologies.
Preliminary results of an interlaboratory comparison on microplastics organised by plasticsfate
(2023)
Microplastics are everywhere in the environment, but analytics is challenging. Since harmonisation is missing as well es suitable reference materials, BAM did under th umbrella of VAMAS funded by the EU Horizon 2020 project PlasticsFate a ILC for microplastic detection methods. Methods adressed were IR, Raman, Py-GC/MS and TED-GC/MS. The talk gives a first presentation and evaluation on the results.
The talk summarizes challenges in microplastic analysis. It shows the preparation of microplastic reference materials as well as the testing on homogeneity and stability. The reference material is used in an international laboratory comparison to compare different detection methods used for microplastic analysis. The methods used were µ-IR (FTIR+LDIR) for number-based methods and TED-GC/MS and Py-GC/MS for mass-based methods. The ILC was done under the umbrella of VAMAS TWA 45. Results of the participants are presented.
Results from different methods applied to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) analysis show that there are large gaps in harmonisation with respect to terminology, size classes, sample preparation protocols and, finally, to the comparability of the measurands and descriptors.
Within the European research cluster to understand the health impacts of micro- and nanoplastics (CUSP) working group WG3-Inter-Laboratory Comparisons an overview of the existing detection methods revealing advantages and disadvantages regarding the analytical tasks is being compiled. There is a clear need to develop high class characterized reference materials for MNPs in the size ranges of 100-10 µm and smaller than 10 µm, so that these can be used to validate methods and to make results comparable. Inter-laboratory comparisons (ILCs) on model samples with complex matrices regarding mass, or water samples for number-based methods, will help us to advance the process of harmonization as well as to train users early in process of developing new methods.
We plan to keep all five CUSP projects well-connected also with the 'outside' MNP projects and ILCs and to extract the optimum of needs, capabilities, and efforts in order to launch new VAMAS ILCs which should expand already available ones.
In this breakout session first, an introduction is given on the planning and organisation of an inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) under the pre-standardisation plattform VAMAS within the newly formed technical working area TWA 45 Micro and Nano Plastics in the Environment. An update with the ILCs on micro- and nanoplastic performed so far is also given. In the third part, the requirements for a reference materials are presented. The needs from the different H2020 micro- and nanoplastic projects are collected and compiled in an ILC matrix for joint activities as the next steps.
Mechanical stress often accelerates the failure of polymer materials. The aim of this research is to study the interaction between the sealing material FKM and biofuels B10 (heating oil with 10% biodiesel). The mechanical stress test was carried out in a special apparatus. Both mechanical and non-mechanical stress tests were conducted on specimens at 20, 40, and 70 °C for 28 days to document changes in mass, volume, and tensile properties. Both increasing temperature and mechanical stress have a significant effect on the tensile strength of the FKM polymer when exposed to B10. The combination of increasing temperature and mechanical stress induced rupture within 2 h. It was also established that FKM polymer with pre-exposure in B10 survived longer during mechanical stress compared to specimens exposed only to air. With the support of infrared (IR) spectroscopy, we were able to confirm the penetration of B10 into the FKM polymer.
The oxides, hydroxides, and oxo-hydroxides of iron belong to the most abundant materials on earth. They also feature a wide range of practical applications. In many environments, they can undergo facile phase transformations and crystallization processes.
Water appears to play a critical role in many of these processes. Despite numerous attempts, the role of water has not been fully revealed yet. We present a new approach to study the influence of water in the crystallization and phase transformations of iron oxides.
The approach employs model-type iron oxide films that comprise a defined homogeneous nanostructure. The films are exposed to air containing different amounts of water reaching up to pressures of 10 bar. Ex situ analysis via scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction is combined with operando near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to follow water-induced changes in hematite nd ferrihydrite. Water proves to be critical for the nucleation of ematite domains in ferrihydrite, the resulting crystallite orientation, and the underlying crystallization mechanism.
Iron-based catalysts are employed in CO2-FTS due to their ability to convert CO2 into CO in a first step and their selectivity towards higher hydrocarbons in a second CO hydrogenation step. According to the literature, iron carbides represent the active phase for hydrocarbon formation and are claimed to emerge in the presence of CO. We propose nanostructured FeOx films as model systems to assess information about the complex phase transformations during CO2-FTS. Mesoporous hematite, ferrihydrite, maghemite, maghemite/magnetite films were exposed to CO2-FTS atmospheres at 20 bar and 300°C. Up to three distinct phases were observed depending on the timeon-stream (TOS): a sintered maghemite/magnetite phase, a carbidic core-shell structure, and a low-crystalline, needle-type oxide phase. Our findings indicate that the formation of an intermediary maghemite/magnetite phase, predominant after short TOS (30 h), precedes the evolution of the carbide phase.
Yet, even after prolonged TOS (185 h), no full conversion into a bulk carbide is observed.
Novel agar-based test electrolytes are used to perform electrochemical corrosion investigations on ZnFe and ZnNi binary as well as ZnFeMo ternary zinc coatings. The objectives of the electrochemical investigations include the characterization of the corrosion behavior, the description of the protective effect of the coatings as well as the investigation of the layer formation and degradation under artificial aging. ZnFe and ZnFeMo coatings are applied with varying iron content as well as an additional passivation layer, respectively, to study the effect on corrosion resistance. The results show that the protective effect of the coatings is not negatively influenced by different iron contents or the addition of molybdenum. Additional passivation of the ZnFe-containing coatings by means of a passivating agent leads to a significant improvement in the protective effect. Artificial aging leads to slight degradation of the additional passivation layer whereas coatings without post-treatment enhance their protective effect by the formation of corrosion product layers.
A variety of methods used to prepare nano-objects for surface analysis are described along with information about when they might be best applied. Intrinsic properties of NPs which complicate their characterization and need to be considered when planning for surface or other analyses of NPs are identified, including challenges associated with reproducible synthesis and functionalization of the particles as well as their dynamic nature. The relevant information about the sample preparation processes, along with analysis details and data that need to be added to the collection of material provenance information is identified. Examples of protocols that have been successfully used for preparation of nano-objects for surface analysis are included in an annex.
The international ISO Standard 20579‐4, dealing with the history and preparation of nano‐objects for surface analysis, has been developed to help address some of the replication and reproducibility issues caused by the fundamental nature of nanoobjects.
Although all types of samples requiring surface analysis need thoughtful preparation, nano‐objects, for which many properties are controlled by their surfaces, present additional challenges in order to avoid variations and artefacts due to the handling and preparation of materials prior to analysis. This international standard is part of a series of standards related to preparation of samples for surface chemical analysis. Parts 1 and 2 of ISO Standard series 20579 address general issues that apply to many samples. Part 3, which is still in development, will focus on biomaterials. Part 4 specifically considers issues that arise due to the inherent nature of nano‐objects.
Because of sensitivity to their environment, the standard indicates the minimum Information that needs to be reported about the handling and preparation of nano‐objects prior to surface analysis. This information should become part of sample provenance information that helps assure the reliability and usefulness of data obtained from surface‐analysis in the context of the synthesis, processing, and analysis history of a batch of material. Application of this standard can help address reproducibility and traceability issues associated with synthesis, processing, and characterization of nano‐objects in research and commercial applications.
The main objective was to assess homogeneity of two bimodal gold materials, namely nPsize1 and nPSize2, containing approximately 1:1 and 10:1 particle number-based ratio of ~30nm and ~60nm particles. Particle number-based concentration within the two size fractions was determined with spICP-MS using the particle frequency method of calibration.
One aim of the EMPIR nPSize project 17NRM04 was to develop and validate three classes of candidate reference (test) materials (RTMs), with i) well-defined non-spherical shape, ii) relatively high polydispersity index, and iii) accurate particle concentrations.
To fulfil the requirements of the project, 11 different types of materials were prepared. Following the initial assessment of the materials suitability, nPSize5_PT_UNITO, nPSize6_AC_UNITO and nPSize7_GN_CEA materials were found unsuitable for the project, due to various reasons. PT material was deemed unsuitable due to its predominantly agglomerated nature. AC material contained relatively high amount of impurities (other particle forms). GN material was found too heterogeneous in both the length and width for the purpose of the project. The remaining 8 candidate RTMs were assessed for their homogeneity and stability and used for successful delivery of the associated activities within the nPSize project.