6 Materialchemie
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (846)
- Vortrag (832)
- Posterpräsentation (338)
- Forschungsdatensatz (84)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (42)
- Sonstiges (30)
- Forschungsbericht (16)
- Buchkapitel (13)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (10)
- Zeitschriftenheft (Herausgeberschaft für das komplette Heft) (7)
Sprache
- Englisch (2049)
- Deutsch (186)
- Mehrsprachig (4)
- Spanisch (2)
Schlagworte
- Nanoparticles (167)
- SAXS (121)
- Mechanochemistry (109)
- XPS (104)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (70)
- X-ray scattering (64)
- Microplastics (60)
- Electron microscopy (58)
- Mikroplastik (58)
- MALDI-TOF MS (57)
- SEM (56)
- Automation (54)
- DNA (51)
- TED-GC/MS (49)
- Geant4 (47)
- Synchrotron (47)
- Dosimetry (45)
- Polylactide (44)
- In situ (41)
- VAMAS (40)
- Microdosimetry (38)
- Radiation damage (38)
- MOUSE (37)
- Microplastic (37)
- Corrosion (35)
- Surface functionalization (35)
- BAMline (34)
- Geant4-DNA (34)
- HAXPES (34)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (34)
- Nanoparticle (33)
- Particle size distribution (33)
- Nanomaterials (30)
- ToF-SIMS (30)
- LEE (29)
- XANES (29)
- XRD (29)
- Small-angle X-ray scattering (28)
- TED-GC-MS (28)
- NAP-XPS (27)
- Standardisation (27)
- Femtosecond laser (26)
- MCS (26)
- Reference materials (25)
- Simulation (25)
- Thin films (25)
- Low energy electrons (24)
- Reference material (24)
- Nanocomposites (23)
- Boehmite (21)
- DFT (21)
- XRF (21)
- Biofilms (20)
- Crystallization (20)
- Machine learning (20)
- Protein (20)
- Scattering (20)
- TOPAS (20)
- AFM (19)
- Catalysis (19)
- Ellipsometry (19)
- Polymers (19)
- Radiation protection (19)
- Bonding analysis (18)
- Laser processing (18)
- Nanomaterial (18)
- Radiation therapy (18)
- Small-angle scattering (18)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (18)
- Applications (17)
- EDS (17)
- Inter-laboratory comparison (17)
- Traceability (17)
- Cyclization (16)
- Femtosecond laser ablation (16)
- G5P (16)
- Imaging (16)
- Ionization (16)
- NanoSolveIT (16)
- Sample preparation (16)
- Synthesis (16)
- Analysis (15)
- Ectoine (15)
- Graphene (15)
- Hydroxyl radical (15)
- Interlaboratory comparison (15)
- Materials Informatics (15)
- ROS (15)
- TOPAS-nbio (15)
- XAS (15)
- Broadband dielectric spectroscopy (14)
- Calcium sulfate (14)
- Cancer treatment (14)
- Conductivity (14)
- Core-shell nanoparticles (14)
- Data analysis (14)
- EPMA (14)
- Energy deposit (14)
- Fluorescence (14)
- Gold (14)
- MOF (14)
- Nanocomposite (14)
- OH radical (14)
- Polymer (14)
- Polymer 3R (14)
- Rigid amorphous fraction (14)
- Standardization (14)
- Analytik (13)
- Computational Chemistry (13)
- DNA radiation damage (13)
- Database (13)
- Monte-Carlo simulation (13)
- Small angle scattering (13)
- Workflows (13)
- X-ray diffraction (13)
- Base damage (12)
- Base loss (12)
- DNA damage (12)
- Heterogeneous catalysis (12)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures, LIPSS (12)
- MIC (12)
- Methodology (12)
- Monte-Carlo simulations (12)
- Nanostructures (12)
- Phonons (12)
- Polymorphism (12)
- Radiolysis (12)
- Reactive oxygen species (12)
- Software (12)
- Struvite (12)
- TiO2 (12)
- Bonding Analysis (11)
- C-F bond activation (11)
- Dielectric spectroscopy (11)
- E. coli (11)
- EBSD (11)
- Ectoin (11)
- Laser-induced X-ray emission (11)
- MOFs (11)
- Metrology (11)
- NEXAFS (11)
- Oxidation (11)
- Particle scattering (11)
- Phosphates (11)
- Proteins (11)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (11)
- X-ray spectroscopy (11)
- AuNP (10)
- Biofilm (10)
- Cocrystal (10)
- Density functional theory (10)
- Dissociative electron attachment (DEA) (10)
- Electrocatalysis (10)
- Electrochemistry (10)
- Epoxy (10)
- Functionalized graphene (10)
- Hydrated DNA (10)
- Hydration shell (10)
- Hydrogen (10)
- Laser ablation (10)
- Mass spectrometry (10)
- Nanoplastics (10)
- Near ambient pressure xray photo electron spectroscopy (10)
- Prehydrated electron (10)
- Radioactive decay (10)
- Ring-opening polymerization (10)
- Silver nanoparticles (10)
- Single-strand break (SSB) (10)
- Size (10)
- Spectroscopy (10)
- X-ray (10)
- Xray photo electron spectrocopy (10)
- Additive manufacturing (9)
- Adsorption (9)
- Chemically Complex Materials (9)
- Defects (9)
- Diffraction (9)
- Direct damage (9)
- Discotic Liquid Crystals (9)
- Dissociative electron transfer (DET) (9)
- EXAFS (9)
- Flexible crystals (9)
- Friction (9)
- Glass transition (9)
- Hydrated electron (9)
- Indirect damage (9)
- Instrumentation (9)
- MALDI TOF MS (9)
- Magnetism (9)
- Materialbearbeitung (9)
- Microstructures (9)
- Net-ionization reaction (9)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (9)
- PES (9)
- Particle scattering simulations (9)
- Phase diagrams (9)
- Quasi-direct damage (9)
- Radical (9)
- Radiotherapy (9)
- TEM (9)
- Thin polymeric films (9)
- Topas (9)
- Aktivkohle (8)
- Alkali-activated materials (8)
- Atomic force microscopy (8)
- BDS (8)
- CCMat (8)
- Catalysts (8)
- Double-strand break (DSB) (8)
- ESCA (8)
- Electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) (8)
- Energetic materials (8)
- FTIR (8)
- Flash DSC (8)
- Haftfestigkeit (8)
- High entropy alloys (8)
- High-throughput (8)
- High-throughput computations (8)
- In situ real-time monitoring (8)
- Machine Learning (8)
- Microstructure (8)
- Nanoconfinement (8)
- Nanostructure (8)
- Nucleation (8)
- Polycondensation (8)
- Polymerization (8)
- Radiationtherapy (8)
- Roughness (8)
- Surface chemistry (8)
- Synchrotron radiation (8)
- Thin polymer films (8)
- Tribology (8)
- Amorphous phases (7)
- Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (7)
- Beta decay (7)
- Biobased polymers (7)
- Brachytherapy (7)
- Catalyst (7)
- Cement (7)
- Core-shell particles (7)
- Crystal Engineering (7)
- Dynamics (7)
- Electron irradiation (7)
- GVP (7)
- Gold Nanoparticles (7)
- High-entropy alloys (7)
- Hydroxyectoine (7)
- Hydroxyl radicals (7)
- Ionic Liquid crystals (7)
- Ionizing radiation (7)
- LET (7)
- Mechanical properties (7)
- Mesoporosity (7)
- Metal phosphonates (7)
- Mikroplastik-Analytik (7)
- Modelling (7)
- NP (7)
- Nano (7)
- Nanoplastic (7)
- OH radicals (7)
- PXRD (7)
- Polydopamine (7)
- Quantum dots (7)
- Radiation (7)
- Radical scavenger (7)
- Raman (7)
- Raman spectroscopy (7)
- Risk assessment (7)
- SIMS (7)
- Soil (7)
- Specific heat spectroscopy (7)
- Steel (7)
- TMDSC (7)
- Thermogravimetrie (7)
- Titanium dioxide (7)
- Transition metals (7)
- Ultrashort laser material interaction (7)
- Ultrashort laser pulses (7)
- Wear (7)
- White light interference microscopy (7)
- Xray (7)
- ZCF (7)
- ssDNA (7)
- Ab initio simulations (6)
- Adsorbed Layer (6)
- Alginate (6)
- Anhydrite (6)
- Automated synthesis (6)
- Bacteria (6)
- Bio-SAXS (6)
- Cancer therapy (6)
- Centrifugal Adhesion Testing (CAT) (6)
- Compatible solute (6)
- Core-shell (6)
- Cosolute (6)
- Crystalinity (6)
- Data (6)
- Fast Scanning Calorimetry (6)
- Femtosecond laser processing (6)
- GEXRF (6)
- Grazing exit (6)
- High-pressure (6)
- ILC (6)
- ISO (6)
- Ionizing radiation damage (6)
- Kinetics (6)
- Klebfestigkeit (6)
- Lab automation (6)
- Luftgekoppelte Ultraschallprüfung (6)
- MALDI (6)
- McSAS3 (6)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (6)
- Micropatterning (6)
- Multiphoton lithography (6)
- Nanotechnology (6)
- Neutron scattering (6)
- OH radical scavenger (6)
- Osmolyte (6)
- PGM-free catalyst (6)
- PS (6)
- Phased Array (6)
- Photocatalysis (6)
- Polyglycerol (6)
- Polymer blends (6)
- Polymers of intrinsic microporosity (6)
- Presolvated electron (6)
- Protein unfolding (6)
- Ring-expansion polymerization (6)
- Röntgenstrahlung (6)
- SSB (6)
- STXM (6)
- Shape (6)
- Silicon (6)
- Small-angle x-ray scattering (6)
- Stability (6)
- Surface analysis (6)
- Surface chemical analysis (6)
- Test material (6)
- Thermoresponsive polymer (6)
- Titania nanoparticles (6)
- Titanium oxide (6)
- Transesterification (6)
- Transition metal (6)
- Transmission electron microscopy (6)
- UCST-type polymer (6)
- Ultrakurze Laserpulse (6)
- WAXS (6)
- Water (6)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (6)
- ZIF-8 (6)
- Acid resistance (5)
- Acrylamide (5)
- Bacterial adhesion (5)
- Bayesian Statistics (5)
- BioSAXS (5)
- Carbon nanotubes (5)
- Clustered nanoparticles (5)
- Deuterium (5)
- Direct laser writing (5)
- Ectoine radiation protection (5)
- Elemental composition (5)
- FIB (5)
- Fe-Ni (5)
- Ferromagnetism (5)
- Graphene oxide (5)
- Green chemistry (5)
- Gypsum (5)
- Harmonisation (5)
- ICP-MS (5)
- ISO/TC 202 (5)
- Image analysis (5)
- Image processing (5)
- Imaging ellipsometry (5)
- Introduction (5)
- Ionic Liquid Crystals (5)
- Ionic liquid (5)
- Ionisation (5)
- Iridium oxide (5)
- LLG (5)
- Livermore model (5)
- Medium Entropy Alloys (5)
- Mesoporous iridium oxide films (5)
- Metal organic frameworks (5)
- Methanogens (5)
- Microbeam analysis (5)
- Micromagnetism (5)
- Microwave synthesis (5)
- NanoDefine (5)
- Normung (5)
- OER (5)
- OH Radical (5)
- OOMMF (5)
- Oxygen Reduction Reaction (5)
- PCA (5)
- PDF (5)
- PTFE (5)
- Particle size (5)
- Penelope model (5)
- Polycarbonate (5)
- Polyethylene (5)
- Probennahme (5)
- Quantification (5)
- Radical Scavenger (5)
- Reference data (5)
- Referenzmaterial (5)
- Referenzmaterialien (5)
- Regulation (5)
- Reproducibility (5)
- SANS (5)
- SAXS/WAXS (5)
- SEM/EDS (5)
- Sample holder (5)
- Scanning electron microscopy (5)
- Si-Ge (5)
- SiO2 (5)
- Single-source precursors (5)
- Small-angle xray scattering (5)
- Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (5)
- Strahlenschutz (5)
- Surfaces (5)
- TXRF (5)
- Thin film analysis (5)
- Topas-MC (5)
- Topas-nBio (5)
- Uncertainties (5)
- VSSA (5)
- Waveguide (5)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (5)
- X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) (5)
- XAFS (5)
- nPSize (5)
- particle scattering (5)
- AISI 304L (4)
- Additive Manufacturing (4)
- Adhesive strength (4)
- Advanced materials (4)
- Affinity chromatography (4)
- Aging (4)
- Antibodies (4)
- Archaea (4)
- Atomic Forc Microscopy (4)
- Atomistic models (4)
- Bassanite (4)
- Bending modulus (4)
- Biomaterials (4)
- CUSP (4)
- Capillary waves (4)
- Cement hydration (4)
- Cocrystals (4)
- Coded apertures (4)
- Composites (4)
- Coordination polymers (4)
- Cryo milling (4)
- Cycloalyphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (4)
- DEA (4)
- DET (4)
- Data stewardship (4)
- Degradation (4)
- Diaminopyridine (4)
- Discotic liquid crystals (4)
- Dynamic light scattering (4)
- EC4SafeNano (4)
- Early hydration (4)
- Electromagnetic scattering (4)
- Electron probe microanalysis (4)
- Ellipsometrie (4)
- Epoxy nanocomposites (4)
- Exchange interaction (4)
- FeNi (4)
- Ferroelektret (4)
- Gaussian process (4)
- General Chemistry (4)
- General Materials Science (4)
- High Entropy Alloys (4)
- High entropy alloy (4)
- High entropy materials (4)
- ISO/TC 229 (4)
- Image segmentation (4)
- Imaging XPS (4)
- In situ Raman (4)
- Iron (4)
- Knowledge Readiness Level (4)
- Korrosion (4)
- Landau Lifshitz equation (4)
- Lanthanide (4)
- Lignin (4)
- Linear energy transfer (4)
- Magnetic moment (4)
- Magnetic nanoparticles (4)
- Mass Spectrometry (4)
- Mass spectrometry of polymers (4)
- Material Acceleration Platforms (MAPs) (4)
- Materials (4)
- Mechanical flexibility (4)
- Metal organic framework (4)
- Metal-organic frameworks (4)
- Metal-organic-frameworks (4)
- Microbeam Analysis (4)
- Microplastic analysis (4)
- Microplastic particles (4)
- Milling (4)
- Multi-sample analysis (4)
- NMR (4)
- NTE (4)
- Nano@BAM (4)
- Nanoelectronics (4)
- Nanofibers (4)
- Nanomaterial classification (4)
- Nanoparticle concentration (4)
- Nanopartikel (4)
- Neural network (4)
- Non-destructive operando analysis (4)
- Oberflächenanalytik (4)
- Oberflächenmesstechnik (4)
- Oberflächentechnik (4)
- Object oriented micromagnetic framework (4)
- Optimization (4)
- Particle (4)
- Particle scattering simulation (4)
- Performance check (4)
- Phase transition (4)
- Pollen (4)
- Polymorph (4)
- Polypropylene (4)
- Polyurethane (4)
- Potentiodynamic Polarization (4)
- Proton conductivity (4)
- Purification (4)
- Quality assurance (4)
- Qualitätssicherung (4)
- Reactive extrusion (4)
- Reference Material (4)
- Reifenabrieb (4)
- Rigidity (4)
- Round Robin (4)
- SEC (4)
- SEM/EDX (4)
- Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (4)
- SiGe (4)
- Single cell analysis (4)
- Single-stranded DNA-binding protein (4)
- Size distribution (4)
- Sol-gel (4)
- Spectroscopic imaging ellipsometry (4)
- Stainless steel (4)
- Standards (4)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (4)
- Surface modification (4)
- TOPAS-nBio (4)
- Thermoakustik (4)
- Thermodynamics (4)
- Thermoelectrics (4)
- Thermography (4)
- Thickness (4)
- Thin Films (4)
- Tire wear (4)
- Titania (4)
- Toxicology (4)
- Transmission function (4)
- Two-photon polymerization (4)
- Ultraschallwandler (4)
- X-ray emission (4)
- X-ray fluorescence (4)
- Zinc oxide (4)
- Zirconium (4)
- 2PP (3)
- 3D (3)
- 3D printing (3)
- Ab-initio (3)
- Absorption edge tomography (3)
- Acoustic levitation (3)
- Adsorbed layer (3)
- Advanced calorimetry (3)
- Aluminium (3)
- Amperometry (3)
- Amphiphilicity (3)
- Amyloid (3)
- Analytische Zentrifuge (3)
- Antibacterial (3)
- Aqueous Corrosion (3)
- Artificial Inelligence (3)
- Artificial digestion (3)
- Artificial intelligence (3)
- Atomic Force Microscopy (3)
- Auger Electron Spectroscopy (3)
- Austenitic stainless steel (3)
- BAM reference data (3)
- BET (3)
- Bacterial attachment (3)
- Batteries (3)
- Beamline (3)
- Beta particle (3)
- Biocorrosion (3)
- Biofilm formation (3)
- Biogene Schwefelsäurekorrosion (3)
- Bonding strength (3)
- C-C coupling (3)
- CEN/TC 352 Nanotechnologies (3)
- Cancer (3)
- Capillary electrophoresis (3)
- Chalcopyrite (3)
- Characterisation (3)
- Characterization (3)
- Classification (3)
- Coating (3)
- Coded Aperture (3)
- Coded Apertures (3)
- Computational Materials Science (3)
- Copolymer (3)
- Correlative analysis (3)
- Correlative imaging (3)
- Corrosion monitoring (3)
- Creep (3)
- Crosslinking (3)
- Crystal engineering (3)
- Crystals (3)
- Cyclic (3)
- DSB (3)
- DSC (3)
- Data organization (3)
- Data-fusion (3)
- Density separation (3)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (3)
- Digestion (3)
- Digital Infrastructure (3)
- Direct laser interference patterning (DLIP) (3)
- Dye (3)
- Dünne Schichten (3)
- EDX (3)
- Electrical conductivity (3)
- Electro catalyst (3)
- Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (3)
- Electrons (3)
- Electrospinning (3)
- Elektronenmikroskopie (3)
- Element-specific spectroscopy (3)
- Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (3)
- Environmental Simulation (3)
- European Centre (3)
- Fast scanning calorimetry (3)
- Finite-difference time-domain calculations (3)
- Fluorescence Spectroscopy (3)
- Fluoride (3)
- Fourier transforms (3)
- Framework (3)
- Free electron laser (3)
- Functional materials (3)
- Functionalization (3)
- Gas separation (3)
- Gas separation membranes (3)
- Gene five protein (3)
- Growth Kinetics (3)
- Grüneisen parameter (3)
- H bonds (3)
- HF-shuttle (3)
- HKUST-1 (3)
- HPLC (3)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HAXPES) (3)
- Hard-energy X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (3)
- High-entropy alloy (3)
- Homogeneity (3)
- Hybrid metrology (3)
- Hydration (3)
- ICP-OES (3)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (3)
- Image manipulation (3)
- Immunoassay (3)
- In situ studies (3)
- In-situ (3)
- Industrial applications (3)
- Interatomic potentials (3)
- Interfaces (3)
- Interlaboratory Comparisons (3)
- Intermodulation AFM (3)
- Interpenetrating polymer network (3)
- Interphase (3)
- Iodine (3)
- Iridium oxide films (3)
- Iron oxide (3)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (3)
- LC-MS (3)
- LCCC (3)
- LIPSS (3)
- Laboratory management (3)
- Large-scale processing (3)
- Laser (3)
- Laser ablation in liquid (3)
- Laser-induced forward transfer (3)
- Laser-induzierte Röntgenstrahlung (3)
- Lead ions (3)
- Light concentration (3)
- Liquid chromatography (3)
- Liquid crystals (3)
- Luminescence (3)
- Lysimeter (3)
- MAPz@BAM (3)
- Magnetostriktive Beschichtung (3)
- MamaLoCA (3)
- Material characterization (3)
- Materials Chemistry (3)
- Materials Design (3)
- Membranes (3)
- Mesocrystal (3)
- Mesocrystals (3)
- Mesoporous materials (3)
- Messtechnik (3)
- Method (3)
- Micro solar cell (3)
- Microanalysis (3)
- Microplastics standardisation (3)
- Microprinting (3)
- Microscopy (3)
- Monitoring (3)
- Monte Carlo (3)
- Mueller-Matrix imaging ellipsometry (3)
- Nanoindentation (3)
- Nanoparticle size distribution (3)
- Nanoparticles separation capillary electrophoresis asymmetrcial flow field flow fractionation (3)
- Nanosafety (3)
- Nanostructure quantification (3)
- NeXus (3)
- Neural networks (3)
- Neutron Scattering (3)
- Niobium (3)
- Non-classical crystallization (3)
- Non-classical crystallization theory (3)
- Non-spherical shape (3)
- Oberflächenenergie (3)
- Organic crystal (3)
- Pair distribution function (3)
- Phase transitions (3)
- Phosphorus (3)
- Photooxidation (3)
- Plasma (3)
- Platinum (3)
- Polycarboxylate ether (3)
- Polycarboxylate ether (PCE) (3)
- Polyester (3)
- Polyglycolide (3)
- Polymer of intrinsic microporosity (3)
- Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (3)
- Polymers with intrinsic microporosity (3)
- Powder X-ray diffraction (3)
- Preparation (3)
- Principal component analysis (PCA) (3)
- Python (3)
- QHA (3)
- Quality (3)
- Quality control (3)
- Quantum yield (3)
- Quasielastic neutron scattering (3)
- ROPPOC (3)
- Reference procedures (3)
- Referenzdaten (3)
- Resonance frequency (3)
- Rhodamine B (3)
- Ring opening polymerization (3)
- Ringversuche (3)
- Round robin (3)
- Röntgenemission (3)
- Sampling (3)
- Sampling techniques (3)
- Saxs (3)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (3)
- Scattering pattern analysis (3)
- Scicat (3)
- Scientific misconduct (3)
- Secondary hazard (3)
- Self-assembly (3)
- Self-driving-labs (SDLs) (3)
- Sensing (3)
- Simvastatin (3)
- Solid state NMR (3)
- Solid-state (3)
- Solubility (3)
- Solution doping (3)
- Spectroskopic Imaging (3)
- Stand der Normung (3)
- Surface (3)
- Surface analytics (3)
- Sustainability (3)
- TDEP (3)
- TGA (3)
- Thermal decomposition (3)
- Thermal degradation (3)
- Thermoanalytik (3)
- Thermoelectric materials (3)
- Thin film metrology (3)
- Time resolved (3)
- Time-resolved (3)
- Time-resolved scattering (3)
- Transmission Kikuchi Diffraction (TKD) (3)
- Trinkwasser (3)
- Tungsten (3)
- Two photon polymerisation (3)
- Two-photon polymerisation (3)
- USAXS (3)
- UV degradation (3)
- Ultrafast laser processing (3)
- Ultrakurze Laserimpulse (3)
- Ultrakurzpulslaser (3)
- Ultrashort laser processing (3)
- Ultrashort pulse laser processing (3)
- Ultrashort pulsed laser (3)
- Uncertainty budgets (3)
- Upconversion (3)
- Verbundfestigkeit (3)
- Weathering (3)
- X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (3)
- X-ray spectrometer (3)
- Zentrifugentechnologie (3)
- Zersetzungsgasanalyse (3)
- ZrF4 (3)
- beta particle (3)
- nanoparticle (3)
- µ-XRF (3)
- 2D Materials (2)
- 2D materials (2)
- 3D Fourier Transform (2)
- 3D nano SIMS (2)
- ACEnano (2)
- AES (2)
- ALD-Hybridprozesse (2)
- API (2)
- APTES (2)
- ASE (2)
- ATR-FTIR spectroscopy (2)
- Ab initio (2)
- Ab initio simulation (2)
- Ab initio thermodynamics (2)
- Abschirmung (2)
- Abwasserinfrastruktur (2)
- Accreditation (2)
- Additive (2)
- Adhäsion (2)
- Advanced Materials (2)
- Affinity Chromatography (2)
- Agarose (2)
- Ageing (2)
- Al2O3-Schichten (2)
- Alkaliaktivierte Bindemittel (2)
- Alkaline earth metal coordination polymers (2)
- Alloys (2)
- Amorphization (2)
- Amorphous Phases (2)
- Analyse (2)
- Analytic (2)
- Analytical methods (2)
- Anatase (2)
- Anlagensicherheit (2)
- Anodization (2)
- Anti-Counterfeiting (2)
- Antibacterial properties (2)
- Aqueous synthesis (2)
- Artificial Intelligence (2)
- Asymmetrical flow field flow fractionation (AF4) (2)
- Atomic Layer Deposition (2)
- Atomic layer deposition (2)
- Au (2)
- Auge (2)
- Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) (2)
- Automated analysis (2)
- Automated image analysis (2)
- Automated workflows (2)
- Automatisation (2)
- Automatisierung (2)
- BSA (2)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (2)
- Bauteilmonitoring (2)
- Bayesian Optimization (2)
- Beanspruchung auf Zug und Druck (2)
- Beschleunigte Alterung (2)
- Biofilm growth (2)
- Biofilmbildung (2)
- Bioimaging (2)
- Bioinspiration (2)
- Biomarker (2)
- Biopolymers (2)
- Biosensors (2)
- Bismuth (2)
- Bisphenol A (2)
- Boson peak (2)
- Bovine serum albumin (2)
- Brechungsindex (2)
- Building and Construction (2)
- Bundesoberbehörden (2)
- C3A (2)
- C3A hydration (2)
- CAT-Technologie (2)
- CXC (2)
- Capillary electrophoresis (CE) (2)
- Carbamazepin (2)
- Carbon fibers (2)
- Case studies (2)
- Catechol (2)
- Centrifugal Adhesion Testing (2)
- Ceramics and Composites (2)
- Certification (2)
- Chemical Bonds (2)
- Chemical analysis (2)
- Chemical bonds (2)
- Chemical composition (2)
- Chemically complex alloys (2)
- Cladding-doped fibers (2)
- Co-crystal (2)
- Coatings (2)
- Coatings and Films (2)
- Cobalt (2)
- Coded aperture (2)
- Complex oxides (2)
- Compost (2)
- Computational chemistry (2)
- Computerchemie (2)
- Concentration (2)
- Convolutional neural networks (2)
- Copper (2)
- Correlative Imaging (2)
- Correlative ex-situ ellipsometric analysis (2)
- Corrosion inhibition (2)
- Covalent Organic Frameworks (2)
- Cribellate spiders (2)
- Crystal (2)
- Crystal mechanism (2)
- Crystal structure (2)
- Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (2)
- Cylic Voltammetry (2)
- D2XRF (2)
- DFT calculation (2)
- DLS (2)
- DMSO (2)
- DVS (2)
- Data Management (2)
- Data conversion (2)
- Data corrections (2)
- Data curation (2)
- Data fitting (2)
- Data management (2)
- Data manipulation (2)
- Decision support (2)
- Definition of nanomaterial (2)
- Delamination (2)
- Delayed addition (2)
- Density Functional Theory (2)
- Depth profiling (2)
- Desintegracion radioactiva (2)
- Detection (2)
- Dielectric Spectroscopy (2)
- Diffusion (2)
- Dipsersive XAS (2)
- Direct laser-interference patterning (DLIP) (2)
- Dispersive XAS (2)
- Dosimetrie (2)
- Double complex salts (2)
- Dry DNA (2)
- Duplex stainless steel (2)
- Dynamic Light Scattering (2)
- EDS-TM002 (2)
- EMPIR (2)
- EOS (2)
- ESEM (2)
- EU FP7 project NanoValid (2)
- Ecotoxicity (2)
- Ectoine DNA interaction (2)
- Ectoine radical scavenger (2)
- Ectrocatalysis (2)
- Electrical properties (2)
- Electrochemical deposition (ECD) (2)
- Electrolysis (2)
- Electrolyte membrane (2)
- Electron Microscopy (2)
- Electron Probe Microanalysis (2)
- Electron spectroscopy (2)
- Electronic structure (2)
- Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials (2)
- Electrospray (2)
- Ellipsometric operando investigation (2)
- Encapsulation (2)
- Energetic Materials (2)
- Energy materials (2)
- Energy storage (2)
- Epitaxially grown 4H-SiC layers (2)
- Ettringite (2)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) (2)
- FAIR (2)
- FFT (2)
- FPLC (2)
- Faser-Bragg Gitter (2)
- Fe3O4 (2)
- FeNi-Oxide NPs (2)
- Femtosecond laser patterning (2)
- Ferrihydrite (2)
- Field of View (2)
- Film thickness (2)
- Filtration (2)
- Fließmittel (2)
- Fluorescent optical fibers (2)
- Formaldehyde (2)
- Fourier Transform (2)
- Fullerene (2)
- GUM-compliance (2)
- Gamma ray (2)
- Generische Kenngrößen (2)
- Geopolymers (2)
- Geothermie (2)
- Glucose (2)
- Glutaraldehyde (2)
- Grafting (2)
- Graphene oxide flakes (2)
- Graphene powder (2)
- Graphene related 2D materials (2)
- Graphitization (2)
- H2020 (2)
- HDF5 (2)
- HF (2)
- Haftvermittler (2)
- Halloysite nanotubes (2)
- Hamonisierung (2)
- Hard x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (2)
- Harmonisation in microplastics (2)
- High Pressure (2)
- High pressure (2)
- High repetition rate (2)
- High resolution (2)
- High temperature corrosion (2)
- High-temperature resistance (2)
- Holistic experimental procedures (2)
- Holistic science (2)
- Hydrated electrons (2)
- Hydrogen economy (2)
- Hydrogen embrittlement (2)
- Hydrogen evolution reaction (2)
- Hydrothermal synthesis (2)
- Hyperbranched (2)
- Härteprüfung (2)
- IIT (2)
- IR (2)
- ISO 14577 (2)
- Implant material (2)
- In situ PXRD (2)
- In-situ SAXS/WAXS (2)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (2)
- Instrumented Indentation Testing (2)
- Instrumented indentation testing (2)
- Integrated Development Environment (2)
- Inter-laboratory comparisons (2)
- Internal Standard (2)
- Iridium-titanium mixed oxides (2)
- Iterative reconstruction (2)
- Kinetic (2)
- Kleb- und Haftfestigkeit (2)
- Knoevenagel condensation (2)
- Kunststoffrasen (2)
- LDX (2)
- Lactide (2)
- Large-scale production (2)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2)
- Laser-induced oxide layer (2)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (2)
- Laser-induced plasma (2)
- Laser-induced x-ray emission (2)
- Laserschutz (2)
- Lateral resolution (2)
- Layer-by-layer deposition (2)
- Legierungen (2)
- Lifetime (2)
- Liquid Crystals (2)
- Localised corrosion (2)
- MAUS (2)
- MOF composite (2)
- Magnesium alloy (2)
- Magnetic nano-particles (2)
- Magneto-optischer Sensor (2)
- Mapping modifizierter Oberflächen (2)
- Mass content (2)
- Mass contents (2)
- Material design (2)
- Material processing (2)
- Material synthesis (2)
- Materialinformatik (2)
- Materials Properties (2)
- Materials Science (2)
- Materials science (2)
- Measurement data conversion (2)
- Mechanical property (2)
- Mechanical stress (2)
- Mechanism (2)
- Mechanochemical oxidation (2)
- Mechanochemical synthesis (2)
- Mechanochemie (2)
- Medizinische Anwendung (2)
- Mehr-Proben-Prüfung (2)
- Mehrprobenprüfung (2)
- Membrane polymers (2)
- Mesoporous (2)
- Mesoporous Silica (2)
- Mesoporous iridium oxides films (2)
- Mesoporous thin films (2)
- Messunsicherheit (2)
- Metadata schema (2)
- Metal fluorides (2)
- Metals and Alloys (2)
- Metal–organic frameworks (2)
- Methane (2)
- Methanogen (2)
- Method development (2)
- Methodology in metrology (2)
- Methodology in testing (2)
- Micro- and nanoplastics (2)
- Microbially induced corrosion (2)
- Microplastics detection (2)
- Microporous polymers (2)
- Microporous structure (2)
- Mikroplastik-Massengehalte (2)
- Mikroskaliert (2)
- Mixed gas atmosphere (2)
- Molecular masses (2)
- Molecular mobility (2)
- Molecular sieves (2)
- Monte-Carlo Simulation (2)
- Monte-Carlo Simulations (2)
- Multi photon lithography (2)
- Multiphoton Lithography (2)
- Multivariate data analysis (2)
- Mussel-inspired adhesives (2)
- Mycotoxins (2)
- Método de Montecarlo (2)
- Müller-Matrix-Ellipsometrie (2)
- N-Chlorination (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- NXsas (2)
- Nano-safety (2)
- NanoSIMS (2)
- Nanocarrier (2)
- Nanocharacterisation (2)
- Nanomaterialien (2)
- Nanomechanics (2)
- Nanometrology (2)
- Nanoparticle characterization (2)
- Nanopatricle (2)
- Nanorisk (2)
- Nanorods (2)
- Nanosheets (2)
- Nanoskaliert (2)
- Nanostructure investigation (2)
- Nanostructuring (2)
- Neutron (2)
- Nickel (2)
- Nitrides (2)
- Nitrogen (2)
- Non-destructive testing (2)
- Non-destructuve testing (2)
- Nuclear magnetic resonance (2)
- Nucleoprotein filaments (2)
- OECD (2)
- OH (2)
- OH-radical (2)
- Oberflächenfunktionalisierung (2)
- Oberflächengeometrie (2)
- Oberflächenprüftechnik (2)
- One-part geopolymers (2)
- Optical Spectroscopy (2)
- Organic Chemistry (2)
- Organic compounds (2)
- Oxygen evolution reaction (OER) (2)
- PET (2)
- PMMA (2)
- Paper mills (2)
- Particle characterisation (2)
- Particle morphology (2)
- Particle number concentration (2)
- Particle shape (2)
- Particle size and shape distribution (2)
- Passivation (2)
- Passive film (2)
- Pharmacy (2)
- Phenolic compounds (2)
- Phosphonates (2)
- Photocuring (2)
- Physical aging (2)
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry (2)
- Plasmid DNA (2)
- Plastic optical fibers (2)
- Platform MaterialDigital (2)
- Polyacrylamide (2)
- Polycarboxylatether (2)
- Polyethylene Terephtalate (2)
- Polyethylene glycol (2)
- Polymer bilayer coatings (2)
- Polymer composites (2)
- Polymer nanocomposites (2)
- Polymer of intrisic microporosity (2)
- Polymer-based nanocomposites (2)
- Polymere (2)
- Polymers of intrinsic Microporosity (2)
- Polymethyl methacrylate (2)
- Polymorphs (2)
- Polynorbornenes (2)
- Polyvinyl alcohol (2)
- Porosity (2)
- Porous materials (2)
- Porous thin films (2)
- Postfluorination (2)
- Pre-standardisation (2)
- Precipitation (2)
- Principal component analysis (2)
- Probenahme (2)
- Proximatanalyse (2)
- Prüftechnik (2)
- Pump-probe experiments (2)
- Quality infrastructure (2)
- Quality testing (2)
- Quantum dot (2)
- Quick-EXAFS (2)
- REACH (2)
- RUSEKU (2)
- Radiation damage dosimetry (2)
- Radioactive nanoparticle (2)
- Raman Spectroscopy (2)
- Raman-spectroscopy (2)
- Reconstructed ion chromatograms (2)
- Recycling (2)
- Reductive amination (2)
- Refractory alloys (2)
- Reliability (2)
- Renewable Energy (2)
- Reparatursysteme (2)
- Reproducibility crisis (2)
- Resonance (2)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) (2)
- Rheologie (2)
- Rietveld (2)
- Ring-opening Polymerization (2)
- Ringversuch (2)
- Robotics (2)
- Rosin (2)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (2)
- SOP (2)
- SZ2080 negative photo-resist (2)
- Safe-by-design (2)
- Salt (2)
- Sapphire (2)
- Scanning Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (SKPFM) (2)
- Scanning electrochemical microscope (SECM) (2)
- Scanning kelvin probe force microscopy (2)
- Schwebstoffe (2)
- Scientific method (2)
- Scientific rigor (2)
- Secondary ion mass spectrometry (2)
- Sekundärstrahlung (2)
- Selbstkalibrierung (2)
- Selective oxidation (2)
- Self-organization (2)
- Semiconductor (2)
- Separation (2)
- Shape-controlled (2)
- Siderite (2)
- Silane (2)
- Silica (2)
- Silica nanoparticles (2)
- Silver (2)
- Silver nanoparticle (2)
- Simulations (2)
- Single crystal (2)
- Small Area XPS (2)
- Small-area XPS (2)
- Small-spot XPS (2)
- SnO2 (2)
- Spectroscopic and imaging ellipsometry (2)
- Standarisierung (2)
- Starch (2)
- Starch nanoparticle (2)
- Stratagem (2)
- Structural anomalies (2)
- Structural inhomogenities (2)
- Structure analysis (2)
- Structure prediction (2)
- Sulfates (2)
- Sulfidation (2)
- Sulfuric acid resistance (2)
- Superconductivity (2)
- Surface Analysis (2)
- Surface charge (2)
- Surface coating (2)
- Surface morphology (2)
- Surface oxidation (2)
- Surface science (2)
- Sustainability and the Environment (2)
- Synchrotron studies (2)
- Synchrotron tomography (2)
- Syngle Crystal alloy (2)
- TCO (2)
- TGA-FTIR (2)
- TGA-MS (2)
- TKD (2)
- TRIS (2)
- Technical lignin (2)
- Temeprature scaling (2)
- Temperature (2)
- Temperature scaling (2)
- Termites (2)
- Thermoanalytical methods (2)
- Thermoanalytics (2)
- Thermoanalytische Verfahren (2)
- Thermogravimetry (2)
- Thermoplastics (2)
- Thermoresponsive polymers (2)
- Ti6Al4V alloy (2)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (2)
- Tin acetates (2)
- Tire wear particles (2)
- Titanium (2)
- Titanium alloy (2)
- Tomography (2)
- TopasMC (2)
- Toxicity (2)
- Transparent Conductive Oxides (2)
- Twin-screw extrusion (TSE) (2)
- Twinning (2)
- Two-dimensional chromatography (2D-LC) (2)
- UV radiation (2)
- Ultra thin polymer films (2)
- Ultra-short pulse laser processing (2)
- Umwelt (2)
- VRFB (2)
- Validation (2)
- Vesicles (2)
- Virus inhibition (2)
- Waschmaschine (2)
- Washing machine (2)
- Wasseraufbereitung (2)
- Water/alcohol mixtures (2)
- Wood protection (2)
- Workflow (2)
- X-ray Spectroscopy (2)
- X-ray absorption fine structure (2)
- X-ray and electron diffraction (2)
- X-ray fluorescence imaging (2)
- X-ray imaging (2)
- X-ray production efficiency (2)
- X-ray refraction (2)
- X-rays (2)
- ZIF (2)
- Zahn (2)
- Zementleim (2)
- Zeolites (2)
- Zeolitic imidazolate framework (2)
- Zeta potential (2)
- Zinc oxide nanoparticles (2)
- ZnO nanopillars (2)
- low energy electrons (2)
- nanoparticula (2)
- thin film analysis (2)
- (Quantitative) Structure-Active Relationships (1)
- (ter-)pyridineterminated self-assembled monolayer (1)
- 1,2,3-triazole (1)
- 1-propyl-3-methyl-imidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (1)
- 1H-NMR (1)
- 2,6-diaminopyridine (1)
- 2-oxazoline (1)
- 266nm (1)
- 29Si (1)
- 2D (1)
- 2D chromatography (1)
- 2D flakes (1)
- 2D nanomaterial (1)
- 3D FFT (1)
- 3D coherence scanning interferometry (CSI) (1)
- 3D image analysis (1)
- 3D-printing (1)
- 3d structuring (1)
- 4H–SiC (1)
- 5-hydroxynicotinic acid (1)
- 60-230V (1)
- 89Y MAS-NMR (1)
- A4F (1)
- AEMFC (1)
- AEROSIL® OX50 (1)
- AET (1)
- AFM force spectroscopy (1)
- AFM-IR (1)
- AG nanoparticle (1)
- AGE (1)
- AI tool (1)
- AIF (1)
- ALD-Beschichtung (1)
- ASTM (1)
- ATZ (1)
- AU nanoparticle (1)
- AZ31 (1)
- Aantimicrobial (1)
- Ab initio Simulation (1)
- Ab initio calculations (1)
- Abasic site (1)
- Abbildende Ellipsometrie (IE) (1)
- Ablation (1)
- Absolute adsorption (1)
- Absorbed dose (1)
- Absorption (1)
- Absorption edge (1)
- Absorption spectrometry (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Academic fraud (1)
- Academic metrics (1)
- Acid corrosion (1)
- Acid rock drainage (1)
- Acidic oxygen evolution reaction (1)
- Acoustic (1)
- Acoustical Levitation (1)
- Activated Carbon (1)
- Acute myocardial infarction (1)
- Additiv (1)
- Additives (1)
- Adhesion (1)
- Adhesion by mechanical interlocking (1)
- Adhesive ALD interlayer (1)
- Adhesive strength determination (1)
- Adhesives (1)
- Adhesives - Determination (1)
- Admixtures (1)
- Adsorbtion (1)
- Advanced Oxidation (1)
- Advanced material (1)
- Advanced optics (1)
- Advanced ultrashort-laser technology (1)
- Affinity Extraction (1)
- Affinity Separation (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Affinity support (1)
- Ag (1)
- AgInS (1)
- AgInS2 (1)
- Agarose gel electrophorese (1)
- Aged particles (1)
- Aggregation (1)
- Air fragmentation (1)
- Al-based alloy (1)
- Al13 (1)
- Al2O3 thin films (1)
- AlOOH (1)
- Algae growth inhibition tests (1)
- Algae growth test (1)
- Algorithm (1)
- Alignment (1)
- Alite (1)
- Alkali activated materials (1)
- Alkali zinc borate glass (1)
- Alkali-silica reaction (1)
- Alkaline brines (1)
- Alkaline earth metal (1)
- Alkoxysilanes (1)
- Alkyls (1)
- Alloy (1)
- Alloy 31 (1)
- Alloy morphology (1)
- Alpha (1)
- Alpha-tricalcium phosphate (1)
- Alternating co-poly(ether pyridine)s (1)
- Alterung (1)
- Alumina (1)
- Alumina toughened zirconia (1)
- Aluminium alloy (1)
- Aluminium fluorides (1)
- Aluminium hydroxide (1)
- Aluminium oxide hydroxide (1)
- Aluminium teflates (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum alloys (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Ambient Desorption/Ionization (1)
- Ambient Ionization (1)
- Ambient ionization (1)
- Amino Acids (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Amorphous calcium sulfate (1)
- Amorphous materials (1)
- Analyses (1)
- Analysis approach (1)
- Analysis area measurements (1)
- Analytical Chemistry (1)
- Analytical Sciences (1)
- Analytical services (1)
- Analytical standards (1)
- Analytical techniques (1)
- Anharmonicity (1)
- Anion exchange (1)
- Annealing (1)
- Anomalous Small Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Anthracene schiff base (1)
- Antiadhesive surfaces (1)
- Antiaromaticity (1)
- Antibacterial surface coatings (1)
- Antibacterial surfaces (1)
- Antibakterielle Oberflächen (1)
- Antibiotic delivery (1)
- Antibiotic release (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antibody Purification (1)
- Antibody purification (1)
- Anticancer (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Antifouling surface coatings (1)
- Antifriction coefficient (1)
- Antigen testing (1)
- Antikensammlung Berlin (1)
- Antimicrobial (1)
- Antimicrobial titanium coating (1)
- Antimony oxychloride ( Sb4O5Cl2) (1)
- Antiviral activity (1)
- Anwendung von Kohlenstoffschichten (1)
- Application (1)
- Application properties (1)
- Aqueous phase of cement paste (1)
- Aqueous solution (1)
- Arbeitsschutz (1)
- Arbitrary shapes (1)
- Archaeometry (1)
- Archival format (1)
- Archäometrie (1)
- Argon (1)
- Argon gas cluster ion sputtering (1)
- Aromatic (1)
- Aromatic aldehydes (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis AAAA (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis aaaa (1)
- Aromatic organic compounds, (1)
- Aromatic pollutants (1)
- Arsenic retention (1)
- Artefact (1)
- Article concentration (1)
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) (1)
- Artificial neural network modelling (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Atmospheric conditions (1)
- Atom probe tomography (1)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics (1)
- Atomic fraction (1)
- Atomistic model (1)
- Atomspheric-Pressure (1)
- Au Nanoparticles (1)
- Au nanoparticles (1)
- Au-nanocubes (1)
- Au/Ag nanoparticles, (1)
- Aufbereitung (1)
- Augenbohne (1)
- Auger electron spectroscopy (1)
- Auger-electron spectroscopy (AES) (1)
- Austenitic steel (1)
- Automated Image Analysis (1)
- Automated Purification (1)
- Automated data tagging (1)
- Azobenzene (1)
- B10 exposure (1)
- BADGER film (1)
- BAM Academy (1)
- BAM-P109 (1)
- BESSY (1)
- BET specific surface area (1)
- BNP (1)
- BODIPY dye (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacteria-repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial lipopolysaccharides (1)
- Bacteriophage f1 (1)
- Bad science (1)
- BadgerFilm (1)
- Ball milling (1)
- Band gap (1)
- Barium (1)
- Basaluminite (1)
- Batch analysis (1)
- Battery (1)
- Bayes (1)
- Bbeverages (1)
- Bead-based assay (1)
- Benchmarking (1)
- Bending mechanism (1)
- Berliner Tuffsteinfassaden (1)
- Bernstorf (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Bessel-Strahlen (1)
- Bessel-beam laser dicing (1)
- Bestimmung der Messunsicherheit (1)
- Beta elimination (1)
- Betondickglasfenster des Glockenturms am Eiermannbau (1)
- Bewitterung (1)
- Bifunctionality (1)
- Bimetallic alloy (1)
- Bimetallic frameworks (1)
- Bimetallic noble metal nanoparticles (1)
- Bimodal (1)
- Bimodal size distribution (1)
- Binary zinc alloys (1)
- Binder Jetting (1)
- Bio sensing device (1)
- Bio-ceramic engineering (1)
- Bio-orthogonal chemistry (1)
- Bio-weathering (1)
- Bioabbaubare Polymere (1)
- Biobased (1)
- Bioceramics (1)
- Biochip (1)
- Biocide (1)
- Biocomposite (1)
- Bioconjugation (1)
- Biodegradable polymers (1)
- Biodosimetry (1)
- Biofilm quantification (1)
- Biofilme (1)
- Biofuels (1)
- Biofunctional Molecules (1)
- Biogenic acid corrosion (1)
- Biointerfaces (1)
- Biological & biomedical applications (1)
- Biologische Anwendungen (1)
- Biologisches Dosimeter (1)
- Biomedical application (1)
- Biomedizin (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Biomimetic surfaces (1)
- Biomimetics (1)
- Biomimicry (1)
- Bionic materials (1)
- Bioresorbable Biomaterials (1)
- Biosensor (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosourced isosorbide (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Bipyramid (1)
- Bismuth Ferrite (1)
- Bismuth titanates (1)
- Black fungi (1)
- Black phosphorus (1)
- Blends (1)
- Bloch wall (1)
- Blockcopolymer (1)
- Boehmite alumina (1)
- Boehmite nanoparticles (1)
- Bonds (1)
- Bone (1)
- Bone matrix (1)
- Bone screws (1)
- Bonse Hart (1)
- Boronic acid (1)
- Boronic acid-functionalized 2D MoS2 (1)
- Borosilicate Glass (1)
- Bragg peak (1)
- Brain PET tracers (1)
- Brilliant Blue R (1)
- Broadband Dielectric Spectrscopy (1)
- Broadband dielectric microscopy (1)
- Bronsted acidity (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (1)
- Buffer (1)
- Bulk material (1)
- Bulk metallic glasses (1)
- Bulk temperature (1)
- Buried interfaces (1)
- Bystander effect (1)
- Böden (1)
- Böhmit (1)
- C++ (1)
- C-F activation (1)
- C3S (1)
- C7H15N2O4P (1)
- CALPHAD (1)
- CAT (1)
- CAT – Technology (1)
- CAT-technology (1)
- CCQM (Consultative Committee for Amount of Substance) (1)
- CCQM key comparison (1)
- CEN (1)
- CEO (1)
- CIGS (1)
- CIGSe (1)
- CO2 (1)
- COK-12 (1)
- CPD (1)
- Cadmium and lead remediation (1)
- Calamistrum (1)
- Calcium monofluoride (1)
- Calcium silicate hydrate (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Calibration structure (1)
- Caloric effects (1)
- Calorimetry (1)
- Cancer therapy (1)
- Capillary (1)
- Carbamazepine (1)
- Carbide (1)
- Carbon Nanomembranes (1)
- Carbon Nanotubes (1)
- Carbon dioxide (1)
- Carbon dioxide reduction (1)
- Carbon ions (1)
- Carbon materials (1)
- Carbon nanoparticles (1)
- Carbon steel corrosion (1)
- Carbon storage (1)
- Carboxyl group (1)
- Carboxylative cyclization of propargyl alcohols (1)
- Cardiac troponin (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Carrier protein (1)
- Cascade filtration (1)
- Cassical nucleation theory (1)
- Catalogue of Services (CoS) (1)
- Catalogue of services (1)
- Catalyst layer (1)
- Catalytic fixation of carbon dioxide (1)
- Categorisation scheme (1)
- Cathode material (1)
- Cationic photocuring (1)
- Cationic ring opening polymerization (1)
- Causes leading to scientific misconduct (1)
- CdS (1)
- Ce0.1Zr0.9O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.25Zr0.75O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.75Zr0.25O2 nanoparticles (1)
- Ce0.9Zr0.1O2 (1)
- CeO2 nanoparticles (1)
- CeO2/Co3O4 (1)
- Cell (1)
- Cell appendages (1)
- Cell imaging (1)
- Cell sheet fabrication (1)
- Cell size (1)
- Cell-envelope (1)
- Cell-repellent surfaces (1)
- Cells (1)
- Cellulose acetate (1)
- Cellulose nanofibrils (1)
- Cement Hydration (1)
- Cement admixtures (1)
- Centrifugal Adhesion Testing (CAT) Technologie (1)
- Centrifugal Force (1)
- Centrifugal adhesion testing (1)
- Centrifugal adhesion testing (CAT) (1)
- Ceramic (1)
- Ceramic matrix composites (1)
- Ceramic microprinting (1)
- Ceramic nano particles (1)
- Ceramics 3D printing (1)
- Ceria (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Certified Referencematerial (1)
- Certified reference materials (1)
- Certified reference nanomaterials (1)
- Certified standards (1)
- Change in tensile properties (1)
- Channel access (1)
- Characterization method (1)
- Characterization methods (1)
- Charge (1)
- Charge-to-size-ratio (1)
- Chemical Biology (1)
- Chemical Bonding (1)
- Chemical Understanding (1)
- Chemical analyses (1)
- Chemical bonding (1)
- Chemical heuristics (1)
- Chemical transformation (1)
- Chemiluminescence (1)
- Cheminformatics (1)
- Chemisorption (1)
- Chemistry (1)
- Chemometric analysis (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Chemputer (1)
- Chromatography (1)
- Chromatography (HIC) (1)
- Ciprofloxacin (1)
- Citizen Science (1)
- Clean energy technology (1)
- Cleaning (1)
- Clerodin (1)
- Click chemistry (1)
- Clinoptilolite (1)
- Cluster (1)
- Cmake (1)
- Co (1)
- Co0.75Fe2.25O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Co1.5Fe1.5O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Co2.25Fe0.75O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Co3O4 nanoparticles (1)
- Coaggregation (1)
- Coating materials (1)
- Cobalt (III) Schiff base complex (1)
- Cobalt and zinc oxides (1)
- Cobalt deposition (1)
- Cocoa (1)
- Coherent Fourier scatterometry (1)
- Coherent exchange (1)
- Collaborative trial (1)
- Color X-ray Camera (1)
- Column holder (1)
- Columnar Liquid Crystal (1)
- Columnar Liquid Crystals (1)
- Columnar ionic liquid crystals (1)
- Columnar liquid crystals (1)
- Combinatorial peptide library (1)
- Combined corrosive and mechanical load (1)
- Combined sewer system (1)
- Combined techniques (1)
- Command line (1)
- Command-line interface (1)
- Commercialization (1)
- Comparability (1)
- Comparability of Measurement Results (1)
- Comparative test (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Complementary methodology and metrology (1)
- Complementary methods (1)
- Complex (1)
- Complex Molecular Systems (1)
- Complex-shape (1)
- Complexity (1)
- Composite materials (1)
- Composite strength (1)
- Composition (1)
- Compositional complex alloys (1)
- Compositionally complex alloys (1)
- Compound semiconductors (1)
- Compound strength (1)
- Compressibility (1)
- Compressive Stress (1)
- Computations (1)
- Computed tomography (1)
- Computer Science Applications (1)
- Computer simulation (1)
- Computergestützte Materialwissenschaft (1)
- Computertomographie (1)
- Concentration step (1)
- Condensed Matter Physics (1)
- Conditioning films (1)
- Conditioning layer (1)
- Conference (1)
- Confined Columnar Liquid Crystals (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Confocal raman imaging (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Construction (1)
- Controlled morphology (1)
- Controlled periodic illumination (1)
- Controlled-shape (1)
- Conversion (1)
- Coordination Polymers (1)
- Coordination chemistry (1)
- Coordination polymer (1)
- Copolymerization (1)
- Copper alloy (1)
- Copper nanoparticles (1)
- Copper sulfides (1)
- Coprecipitation (1)
- Core-Shell (1)
- Core-clusters (1)
- Core-shell nanoparticle (1)
- Core-shell nanoparticle (CSNP) (1)
- Core-shell structures (1)
- Core/shell nanoparticle (1)
- Core–shell particles (1)
- Core−shell particles (1)
- Corona Discharge (1)
- Correlation (1)
- Correlative Spectroscopy (1)
- Corrosion protection (1)
- Corrosion resistance (1)
- Corrosion testing (1)
- Corundum (1)
- Counterions (1)
- Coupled corrosive and mechanial load (1)
- Coupled corrosive/mechanical load (1)
- Coupling reactions (1)
- Covalend functionalization (1)
- Covalent Organic frameworks (1)
- Covalent functionalization (1)
- Covalent interactions (1)
- CrMnFeCoNi (1)
- Cristobalite frameworks (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Crosslinking density (1)
- Croyo-starage (1)
- Cryo XPS (1)
- Cryo-TEM (1)
- Crystal Engeneering (1)
- Crystal Orbital Hamilton Populations (1)
- Crystal growth (1)
- Crystallinity (1)
- Crystallization sequence (1)
- Crystalstructure (1)
- Cu catalysts (1)
- CuNPs (1)
- CuO nanoparticles (1)
- Cubical Iron Oxide (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- Cultural heritage (1)
- Curie temperature (1)
- Curing (1)
- Curve fitting (1)
- Curved surfaces (1)
- Cy3 (1)
- Cycles (1)
- Cyclic Voltammetry (1)
- Cyclic voltammetry (1)
- Cyclisation (1)
- Cycloaddition (1)
- Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (1)
- Cyclometalated iridium (III) complexes (1)
- Cycloparaphenylenes (1)
- Cytoskeleton mimic (1)
- Cytotoxicity (1)
- D7755-11 (1)
- DAWN (1)
- DFG (1)
- DFT calculations (1)
- DFT calculations of Raman spectra (1)
- DIN 50989 Parts 1 – 6 (1)
- DIN 50989, Teile 1 bis 6 (1)
- DIN EN 15870 (1)
- DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025 (1)
- DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018 (1)
- DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2018 und GUM Kompatibilität (1)
- DNA Dosimeter (1)
- DNA base damage (1)
- DNA based data storage (1)
- DNA data storage (1)
- DNA degradation (1)
- DNA long term storage (1)
- DNA melting temperature (1)
- DNA protection (1)
- DNA reference material (1)
- DNA stability (1)
- DNA strand break (1)
- DNA strand-break (1)
- DNA vortexing (1)
- DNA-Binding protein (1)
- DNS (1)
- DOPO (1)
- DPSS-laser (1)
- DRIFTS (1)
- DSM 5009 (1)
- DSS (1)
- DTAB (1)
- Damage (1)
- Damping factor (1)
- Data Analysis (1)
- Data analysis round robin (1)
- Data catalog (1)
- Data correction (1)
- Data correlation (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Data interpretation (1)
- Data mining (1)
- Data pipelines (1)
- Data processing (1)
- Data provenance (1)
- Data readiness level (1)
- Data science (1)
- Data standard (1)
- Data stewartship (1)
- Data tagging (1)
- Databases (1)
- Dataset merging (1)
- Datasets (1)
- Debian (1)
- Debye scattering equation (1)
- Debye-Waller parameter (1)
- Decorative coatings on polymer substrates (1)
- Deep work (1)
- Defect Analysis (1)
- Definition (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Degradation mechanisms (1)
- Degradation of polyethylene (1)
- Degradation signatures (1)
- Degradation studies (1)
- Dehydroxylation (1)
- Deliberate particle implementation (1)
- Demonstration (1)
- Dendrimer (1)
- Dendritic amphiphile (1)
- Dendritic polyglycerol (1)
- Density-based Model (1)
- Density-functional theory (1)
- Dentistry (1)
- Depolarization contrast imaging (DCI) (1)
- Depollution (1)
- Depth Profiles and Images (1)
- Depth information (1)
- Depth profile (1)
- Depth resolved XANES (1)
- Depth-profiling (1)
- Desorption (1)
- Detektion (1)
- Detektion von Mikroplastik (1)
- Diagnosis (1)
- Diagnostic Antibodies (1)
- Dielectric properties (1)
- Diffusion multiples (1)
- Diffusion/diffusivity (1)
- Diffusons (1)
- Digital laboratory (1)
- Digitalization (1)
- Digitization (1)
- Dimorphs (1)
- Direct Laser Writing (1)
- Direct fluorine-metal bond (1)
- Direct laser interference patterning (1)
- Direct/indirect photolysis (1)
- Dislocation cross slip (1)
- Disorder (1)
- Disorganized bone (1)
- Dispersion of nano materials (1)
- Dispersive-XAS (1)
- Distribution of nanoparticles (1)
- Ditungsten carbide (1)
- Dodecanethiol (1)
- Domain wall (1)
- Doped ZnO nanostructures (1)
- Doping (1)
- Dose (1)
- Double complex compound (1)
- Double strand breaks (1)
- Double-strand break (1)
- Down Stream Processing (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Drinking water (1)
- Drug Development (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- Duplex stainless steels (1)
- DySEM (1)
- Dye-doped fiber (1)
- Dynamic behavior (1)
- Dynamic heterogeneity (1)
- Dynamic testing (1)
- Dynamic vapor sorption (1)
- E-aldoximes (1)
- EC definition (1)
- EC definition of a nanomaterial (1)
- EC definition of nanomaterial (1)
- EC nanomaterial definition (1)
- ECD NiFe-layer (1)
- EDS Spectrometer Test (1)
- EDS X-ray spectrometer (1)
- EDS performance check (1)
- EDS-TM001 (1)
- EIS (1)
- ELISA (1)
- EMPIR nPSize (1)
- EN 15870 (1)
- EPICS (1)
- EPMA (Electron Probe Microanalysis) (1)
- ER-XPS (1)
- ESCA/XPS (1)
- ESI-TOF MS (1)
- ESI-TOF-MS (1)
- ESMA (1)
- ESR (1)
- EU (1)
- EU definition (1)
- EU definition of nanomaterial (1)
- EU-Definition (1)
- Earthworms (1)
- Ecotoxicology (1)
- Ectoine DNA protection (1)
- Ectoine UV absorption (1)
- Ectoine hydration (1)
- Ectoine protein interaction (1)
- Ectoine salt (1)
- Ectoine-DNA binding (1)
- Editorial (1)
- Education (1)
- Effective dose (1)
- Egypt (1)
- Elastic Crystal (1)
- Elastic membrane (1)
- Elasticity (1)
- Electric Safety Interlock (1)
- Electrical Paramters (1)
- Electrical Properties (1)
- Electrical thin layers (1)
- Electro catalytic water splitting (1)
- Electrocatalytic Water Splitting (1)
- Electrochemical CO2 conversion (1)
- Electrochemical Degradation (1)
- Electrochemical Empedance Spectroscopy (EIS) (1)
- Electrochemical catalysts (1)
- Electrochemical immunosensor (1)
- Electrochemical sensing (1)
- Electrochemical treatment (1)
- Electrode materials (1)
- Electrodes (1)
- Electrohpresis (1)
- Electromagnetic radiation (1)
- Electromagnetic theories (1)
- Electron Microscope (1)
- Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD) (1)
- Electron density map (1)
- Electron irradiation of DNA (1)
- Electron probe X-ray microanalysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electron probe microanallysis (EPMA) (1)
- Electron scattering (1)
- Electron tomography (1)
- Electronic (1)
- Electrophoresis (1)
- Electrospray deposition (1)
- Electrospun fibers (1)
- Electrospun nanocomposite fiber (1)
- Elektrolyse (1)
- Elemental mapping (1)
- Elementzusammensetzung (1)
- Ellipsometric metrology (1)
- Ellipsometric porosimetry (1)
- Ellipsometrie-Norm (1)
- Emergency (1)
- Endocrine disruptor (1)
- Energiedissipation im Kontakt (1)
- Energiedosis (1)
- Energy (1)
- Energy dependent XPS (1)
- Energy dose (1)
- Energy input (1)
- Energy production (1)
- Energy systems (1)
- Enthalpy of solution (1)
- Enthalpy of sublimation (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental Chemistry (1)
- Environmental analysis (1)
- Environmental impacts (1)
- Epitaxy (1)
- Epoxi nanocomposites (1)
- Epoxide (1)
- Epoxy conversion degree (1)
- Epoxy-Anhydrid Duroplast (1)
- Equivalent dose (1)
- Escherichia coli (1)
- Estrogen (1)
- Estrogenic activity of plastic nanoparticles (1)
- Etherification (1)
- Ettringen tuff (1)
- Eu (1)
- European funding strategies (1)
- Europium (1)
- Eutectic (1)
- Evaporation (1)
- Evaporite deposits (1)
- Ex-situ (1)
- Excess surface work (1)
- Exchange length (1)
- Excited states (1)
- Experimental setup (1)
- Expert system (1)
- Exploratory analysis (1)
- Exposed metal sites (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- Extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extraktion (1)
- Extrusion (1)
- F pili (1)
- F- doping (1)
- FAIRification (1)
- FAST (1)
- FKM polymer (1)
- FLASH effect (1)
- FT-IR (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Fabrication parameters (1)
- Facilitated activation (1)
- Failure pattern (1)
- Faked research (1)
- Farbenlehre (1)
- Faser-Bragg-Gitter (FBG) (1)
- Faserkunststoffverbunde (1)
- Fast Fourier Transform (1)
- Fast scanning calorimeter (1)
- Fast scanning calormetry (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Fe (1)
- Fe-Ni oxides (1)
- Fe2O3 nanoparticles (1)
- FeNi nanoparticles (1)
- FeNi thin film (1)
- Femtosecond (1)
- Femtosecond Laser (1)
- Femtosecond laser-processing (1)
- Femtosekunden-Laserablation (1)
- Femtosekundenlaser (1)
- Fenton (1)
- Fenton Reaction (1)
- Fermi resonance (1)
- Ferroelectric (1)
- Ferroelectricity/ferroelectric materials (1)
- Few-layered titanium carbide nanosheets (1)
- Fexible crystals (1)
- Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) (1)
- Fiber toxicology (1)
- Fiber- Bragg-gratings (FBG) (1)
- Fibers of textile origin (1)
- Fibre release (1)
- Field of Analysis (1)
- Field of view (1)
- Filled rubbers (1)
- Filled thermosets and plastics (1)
- Filter (1)
- Filter crucible (1)
- Filters (1)
- Finite-difference time-domain calculations (FDTD) (1)
- Fityk (1)
- Flame retardant (1)
- Flexible (1)
- Flexible waveguide (1)
- Flexural rigidity (1)
- Flow cytometry (1)
- Flow injection immunoassay (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Flow-System (1)
- Flow-through (1)
- Fluid-flow (1)
- Fluorescence correction (1)
- Fluorescent optical fiber (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorinated MOFs (1)
- Fluorine (1)
- Fluorine Interaction (1)
- Fluorine coordination (1)
- Fluorine coordination polymers (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Fluorometric sensing (1)
- Fluorouracil (1)
- Foaming (1)
- Folic acid (1)
- Food (1)
- Food Science (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Force distance curve (1)
- Force microscopy (1)
- Force-distance-curve (1)
- Form factor (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- Forschungsstrategie (1)
- Forsterite (1)
- Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy (1)
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (1)
- Fraktionierte Filtration (1)
- Free electron laser (FEL) (1)
- Freezing (1)
- Freshwater matrices (1)
- Fs-Laser (1)
- Fs-laser patterning (1)
- Fuel sorption (1)
- Fuell cells (1)
- Fullerene-Polyglycerol Sulfates (1)
- Fully aromatic frameworks (1)
- Functional coatings (1)
- Functional properties (1)
- Functionality type distribution (1)
- Functionalized nanographene (1)
- Fundamentals (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Funktionelle Beschichtungen (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- G5P GVP (1)
- GUI (1)
- GV5 (1)
- GVP G5P (1)
- Galvanotechnik (1)
- Gamma (1)
- Gandolfi method (1)
- Gas chromatography (1)
- Gas flow assisted powder deposition (1)
- Gas monitoring (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gas sensors (1)
- Gas sorption (1)
- Gas transport (1)
- Gastrointestinal barrier (1)
- Gaussian Process (1)
- Gekrümmte Oberflächen (1)
- Gel (1)
- Gel electrolytes (1)
- Gel electrophoresis (1)
- Gene-V Protein (1)
- General Energy (1)
- General Environmental Science (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- General Physics and Astronomy (1)
- Generator (1)
- Genotoxic and oxidative damage (1)
- Geology (1)
- Geothermal (1)
- Geringe Partikelfrachten (1)
- Ggraphene polymer nanocomposite (1)
- Gilding (1)
- Git (1)
- Gitterfehlpassung (1)
- Glass (1)
- Glass Support (1)
- Glass powder (1)
- Glass transition temperature (1)
- Glass-ceramic (1)
- Glasses (1)
- Glassy Dynamics (1)
- Glassy polymer (1)
- Glassy polynorbornenes (1)
- Gleitlinien (1)
- Glow-discharge optical emission spectroscopy (1)
- Glue (1)
- Glycan microarray (1)
- Glycerol (1)
- Glycolide (1)
- Goethe (1)
- Goethite (1)
- Gold Nanoparticle (1)
- Gold mit Synchrotronstrahlung (1)
- Governance (1)
- Gradient elution (1)
- Grain boundaries (1)
- Grain boundary engineering (1)
- Grain orientation (1)
- Graphen Oxide (1)
- Graphene Oxide (1)
- Graphene funcionalisation (1)
- Graphene functionalisation (1)
- Graphene functionalization (1)
- Graphene polymer nanocomposite (1)
- Graphene related materials (1)
- Graphene related two-dimensional materials (GR2M) (1)
- Graphene template (1)
- Graphene-based polyglycerol sulfates (1)
- Graphene–bacteria interaction (1)
- Graphhene (1)
- Graphite furnace (1)
- Graphs (1)
- Grating (1)
- Grating method (1)
- Grazin exit XANES (1)
- Grazing incidence (1)
- Greek curse tablets (1)
- Green Chemistry (1)
- Green rust (1)
- Grenzfläche als Material (1)
- Grey water (1)
- Grignard reaction (1)
- Grignard-Reaktion (1)
- Grouping (1)
- Guest uptake/release (1)
- Guideline (1)
- Gypsum' SAXS (1)
- H-bonds (1)
- H-terminated Si3N4 films (1)
- H/D-Austausch (1)
- H/D-Exchange (1)
- H2O2 (1)
- H3PO3 (1)
- H3PO4 life cycle (1)
- HEA (1)
- HERFD-XAS (1)
- HR-CS-MAS (1)
- HRMS (1)
- HV cable accessories (1)
- Hairpin (1)
- Halide Perovskites (1)
- Halogen bond (1)
- Halogen bond interaction (1)
- Handheld (1)
- Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Hard magnetic materials (1)
- Hard magnets (1)
- Harmonisierung (1)
- Hazard assessment (1)
- Hazardous substances (1)
- Heart attack (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Heat diffusion (1)
- Heat of hydration (1)
- Heated (1)
- Heating oil tanks (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Helium implantation (1)
- Hematite (1)
- Hexafluorobenzen (1)
- Hexagonally-arranged nano-protrusions (1)
- Hierarchical cluster analysis (1)
- Hierarchical micro-nanostructures (1)
- Hierarchical structures (1)
- Hierarchically porous (1)
- High Entropy Materials (1)
- High Resolution (1)
- High density polyethylene (1)
- High repetition-rate (1)
- High specific surface area (1)
- High-Speed Separations (1)
- High-density polyethylene (1)
- High-pressure high-temperature (1)
- High-pressure volumetric analyzer (HPVA) (1)
- High-repetition rate ultrafast laser processing (1)
- High-resolution (1)
- High-resolution synchrotron XRF (1)
- High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (1)
- High-strength steel (1)
- High-temperature fuel cells (1)
- High-throughput measurements (1)
- High-throughput screening (1)
- Highly permeable polynorbornenes (1)
- Highly permeably polynorbornenes (1)
- Histology (1)
- History (1)
- Hochdurchsatz (1)
- Hochentropie-Legierung (1)
- Holistic experiment approaches (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Homogeneous deposition (1)
- Homogenization (1)
- Host–guest systems (1)
- Hot steam (1)
- Human Plasma (1)
- Human factor (1)
- Human fibroblast growth factors (1)
- Human influence (1)
- Human plasma (1)
- Human umbilical cell adhesion (1)
- Humidity (1)
- Hybrid metrology measurement (1)
- Hydantoin (1)
- Hydride formation (1)
- Hydrochemical evolution (1)
- Hydrodynamics (1)
- Hydrofluorination (1)
- Hydrogen Fuelling Stations (1)
- Hydrogen Generation (1)
- Hydrogen Storage (1)
- Hydrogen assisted cracking (1)
- Hydrogen bonding (1)
- Hydrogen cryostorage (1)
- Hydrogen enhanced vacancy formation (1)
- Hydrogen generation (1)
- Hydrogen photoproduction (1)
- Hydrogen storage (1)
- Hydrogenated nanostructures (1)
- Hydrolyse (1)
- Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction chromatography (1)
- Hydrophobicity (1)
- Hyperbranched polymer (1)
- Hyperspectral data (1)
- Hyperspectral imaging (1)
- Härte (1)
- Härteverlauf Schweißnaht (1)
- ILC on detection methods (1)
- INADEQUATE (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- IR spectroscopy; conductometry (1)
- IRPA (1)
- ISO 21363 (1)
- ISO 23131: 2021 (1)
- ISO 23173 (1)
- ISO/TC 201 (1)
- ISO/TC 202 Microbeam Analysis (1)
- ISO/TC229 (1)
- ISOGScope (1)
- Identification (1)
- IgG determination (1)
- Igg (1)
- Iinter-laboratory comparison (1)
- Iionic liquid (1)
- ImAFM (1)
- Image Segmentation (1)
- Image averaging (1)
- Image reconstruction (1)
- Images (1)
- Imaging AES (1)
- Imaging Ellipsometry (1)
- Imaging SIMS (1)
- Imaging ellipsometry(IE) (1)
- Imaging modifizierter Oberflächen (1)
- Imaging surface chemical analysis (1)
- Imaging techniques (1)
- Imidazole (1)
- Immuno assay (1)
- Immunoglobulins (1)
- Immunometric assay (1)
- Immunometric biosensor (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- Immunosensor (1)
- Impact Sensitivity (1)
- Impact diamonds (1)
- In Situ (1)
- In situ AFM (1)
- In situ Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) (1)
- In situ EXAFS (1)
- In situ SAXS/WAXS (1)
- In situ X-ray diffraction (1)
- In situ XRD (1)
- In situ atomic force microscopy (1)
- In situ coupling (1)
- In situ diffraction (1)
- In-Situ Characterization (1)
- In-Situ Techniques (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- In-situ polymerization (1)
- In-situ scattering (1)
- Incipient plasticity (1)
- Indenter area function (1)
- Indium (1)
- Indium Tin Oxide (1)
- Industrial application (1)
- Inelastic Neutron Scattering Spectroscopy (1)
- Inelastic background (1)
- Inelastic neutron scattering (1)
- Influenza A virus (1)
- Information Systems (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Inlet ionization (1)
- Instrument automation (1)
- Instrument compliance (1)
- Instrument control (1)
- Instrumentation utilization (1)
- Instrumented Indentation (IIT) (1)
- Instrumented Indentation Testing (IIT) (1)
- Instrumentierte Eindringprüfung (1)
- Instrumentierte Eindringprüfung (IIT) (1)
- Insulators (1)
- Intensity scale calibration (1)
- Inter-lab comparison (1)
- Inter-laborator comparison (1)
- Interaction with atmospheres (1)
- Intercomparability (1)
- Interfacial stability (1)
- Interlaboratory Comparison (1)
- Interlaboratory comparability (1)
- Interlaboratory comparision (1)
- Interlaboratory comparisons (1)
- Interlaboratory study (1)
- Intermediate phases (1)
- Intermodulation (1)
- Intermodulation-AFM (1)
- International Meter Convention (1)
- Interner Standard (1)
- Interpenetrating polymer networks (1)
- Intrinsic OER activity (1)
- Intrinsically conducting polymers (1)
- Ion beam implantation (1)
- Ion beam therapy (1)
- Ion implantation (1)
- Ion mobility (1)
- Ionic liquid crystal (1)
- Ionic liquid crystalls (1)
- Ionic liquid crystals (1)
- Ir DNA staining approach (1)
- Iridium compounds (1)
- Iron carbide (1)
- Iron nanoparticles (1)
- Iron nanophases (1)
- Iron nitride (1)
- Iron oxide films (1)
- Iron reducing bacteria (1)
- Irreversible adsorption (1)
- Isosorbide (1)
- Jacobsen-Stockmayer theory (1)
- Janus dendrimers (1)
- K-nearest neighbor (1)
- K-rich Birnessite (K0.45MnO2) (1)
- Kaiser-Wilhelm-Gedächtniskirche (1)
- Kalottenverfahren (1)
- Kandelaber des Ensembles am Charlottenburger Tor (1)
- Katalysator (1)
- Keggin Cluster (1)
- Kelvinsondenkraftmikroskopie (1)
- Kinetics from experiments (1)
- Klassifizierung (1)
- Klassifizierung von Kohlenstoffschichten (1)
- Klebfestigkeit von Stumpfklebungen (1)
- Kleine Partikel (1)
- Knock-out mutant (1)
- Knoevenagel (1)
- Knowledge (1)
- Knufia petricola (1)
- Kombinierete korrosive und mechanische Beanspruchung (1)
- Kompaktierbarkeit (1)
- Komplikation (1)
- Kompressibilität (1)
- Korrosionsüberwachung (1)
- Kraft Lignin (1)
- Kriechversuche (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- Künstliche Intelligenz (1)
- L-lactide (1)
- LA-ICP-MS (1)
- LC / MALDI-TOF-MS coupling (1)
- LC x ESI-TOF-MS (1)
- LC x MALDI/ESI-TOF-MS (1)
- LC x MALDI/ESI-TOF-MS coupling (1)
- LC-UV (1)
- LEVASIL 50/50 (1)
- LIFT (1)
- LL equation (1)
- Label-free detection (1)
- Laboratory (1)
- Laboratory automation (1)
- Laboratory experiments (1)
- Laboratory methodology (1)
- Laboratory organization (1)
- Laborvergleich Härte (1)
- Lacunae (1)
- Lacunary Keggin ion (1)
- Landau Lifshitz Gilbert equation (1)
- Landau de-Gennes analysis (1)
- Lanthanide Nanocrystals (1)
- Lanthanide(III) (1)
- Lanthanides (1)
- Lanthanides doped coordination polymers (1)
- Lanthanoide (1)
- Large area structuring (1)
- Large number of participants (1)
- Large volume samplers (1)
- Large-pore (1)
- Large-scale synthesis (1)
- Laser Machining (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (1)
- Laser cleaning (1)
- Laser damage (1)
- Laser diffraction (1)
- Laser direct writing (1)
- Laser micromachining (1)
- Laser nanostructuring (1)
- Laser patterning (1)
- Laser technology (1)
- Laser writing (1)
- Laser-Induced Plasma (1)
- Laser-Materialbearbeitung (1)
- Laser-induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) (1)
- Laser-induced amorphization (1)
- Laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT) (1)
- Laser-induced micro- and nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface strctures (LIPSS) (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Laser-induzierte periodische Oberflächen-Nanostrukturen (1)
- Laser-induzierte periodische Oberflächenstrukturen (1)
- Laser-modified surface (1)
- Lasermaterialbearbeitung (1)
- Lasermikrobearbeitung (1)
- Lasersicherheit (1)
- Lateral surface pattern (1)
- Laterally-resolved (1)
- Lattice enthalpy (1)
- Lattice misfit (1)
- Layer Materials (1)
- Layer thickness of transparent coatings (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Lead isotopes (1)
- Lead-free ceramics (1)
- Leichtbau (1)
- Levitation (1)
- Lewis Acid (1)
- Lewis superacids (1)
- Li-ion battery (1)
- Library and Information Sciences (1)
- Lifetime analysis (1)
- Ligand exchange (1)
- Ligandsubstitution (1)
- Light elements (1)
- Light sensitive crystal (1)
- Lignin modification (1)
- Lignosulfonate (1)
- Lignosulfonates (1)
- Linear (1)
- Linear polyglycerol (1)
- Linker (1)
- Linux (1)
- Lipids (1)
- Liquid Crystal (1)
- Liquid chromatography of polymers (1)
- Liquid spattering (1)
- Liquid-liquid-phase-separation (1)
- Liquids (1)
- Literature survey (1)
- Lithium ion battery (1)
- Lithium-ion battery (1)
- Lithium-sulfur battery (1)
- Local corrosion (1)
- Local structure (1)
- Localized surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Lokale Korrosion (1)
- Long-term stability (1)
- Lonic liquid (1)
- Lonsdaleite (1)
- Loss module (1)
- Low-contrast surface modifications (1)
- Low-density polyethylene (1)
- Low-density polyethylene (LDPE) (1)
- Lubricant additives (1)
- Luminescent lifetime (1)
- Luminescent materials (1)
- Luminol (1)
- MALDI Imaging (1)
- MALDI Imaging MS (1)
- MALDI-TOF Massenspektrometrie (1)
- MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry (1)
- MALDI-ToF MS (1)
- MAPbI3 perovskites (1)
- MAS NMR spectroscopy (1)
- MCC (1)
- MCNP (1)
- MDG ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- MOF databases (1)
- MOF-74 (1)
- MOF´s (1)
- MPI (1)
- MPL (1)
- MPLS (1)
- MRI (1)
- MRT (1)
- MWCNT (1)
- MXenes (1)
- Machining (1)
- Macrocycles (1)
- Macroion/growth factor assemblies (1)
- Macrophagen (1)
- Magic-sized cluster (1)
- Magnesium alloys (1)
- Magnet coupling (1)
- Magnetic Nanoparticles (1)
- Magnetic alloys (1)
- Magnetic anisotropy (1)
- Magnetic hyperthermia (1)
- Magnetic interacion (1)
- Magnetic nanocatalyst (1)
- Magnetic nanoparticle (1)
- Magnetic properties (1)
- Magnetic swimmers (1)
- Magnetization dynamics (1)
- Magneto-optical coupling (MOC) (1)
- Magnetocoloric (1)
- Magnetoeleastic couplin (1)
- Magnetometry (1)
- Magnetostrictive coating (1)
- Magnetpartikel (1)
- Magnetron Sputtering (1)
- Maia detector (1)
- MamaLoCa (1)
- Marble sculptures (1)
- Marine corrosion (1)
- Martensite (1)
- Martin Seah (1)
- Mass spectrometry imaging (1)
- Mass-Spectral Reconstruction (1)
- Massenspektrometrie (1)
- Material Science (1)
- Material chemistry (1)
- Material defects (1)
- Material science (1)
- Material selection (1)
- Material-binding Peptides (1)
- Materialdesign (1)
- Materials Stability (1)
- Materials Understanding (1)
- Materials acceleration platforms (MAPs) (1)
- Materials informatics (1)
- Matrices (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Matter reorganization (1)
- Matter reorganization theories (1)
- McSAS (1)
- Me-TiO2 (1)
- Measurement (1)
- Measurement data (1)
- Measurement methodology (1)
- Measurement organization (1)
- Measurement science (1)
- Measurement uncertainty (1)
- Mechanical Flexiblity (1)
- Mechanical Properties (1)
- Mechanical Sensitivity (1)
- Mechanical activation (1)
- Mechanical alloying (1)
- Mechanical characterization (1)
- Mechanical response (1)
- Mechanical testing (1)
- Mechanically flexible crystals (1)
- Mechanically flexible molecular crystals (1)
- Mechanochemical pictographs (1)
- Mechanochemical syntheses (1)
- Mechanochemictry (1)
- Mechanophotonics (1)
- Median lethal energy deposit (1)
- Medical implants (1)
- Medium entropy alloy (1)
- Medizintechnik (1)
- Mehr-Proben-Prüfverfahren (1)
- Melanin Adhesion (1)
- Melting (1)
- Membrane (1)
- Mesocellular foam (1)
- Mesoporous Materials (1)
- Mesoporous films (1)
- Mesoporous iridium-titanium mixed oxides (1)
- Mesoporous mixed metal oxide films (1)
- Mesoporous oxide materials (1)
- Mesoporous oxides (1)
- Mesoporous phosphate-based glasses (1)
- Mesoporous silica (1)
- Messunsicherheit ellipsometrischer Messungen (1)
- Metadata (1)
- Metadata collection (1)
- Metadata structuring (1)
- Metal (1)
- Metal Organic Frameworks (1)
- Metal and alloys (1)
- Metal carbides (1)
- Metal coatings (1)
- Metal ions (1)
- Metal nanoparicels (1)
- Metal nanoparticles (1)
- Metal oxides (1)
- Metal reducing bacteria (1)
- Metal-organic Framework (1)
- Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) (1)
- Metal-organic polyhedra (1)
- Metal-oxides (1)
- Metal-semiconductor (1)
- Metal-tag (1)
- Metallic silver precipitates (1)
- Metallographie (1)
- Metallschichten (1)
- Metals (1)
- Metals and alloys (1)
- Metal– organic frameworks (1)
- Metal−organic frameworks (1)
- Metformin (1)
- Methane Oxidation (1)
- Methane removal (1)
- Methane total oxidation (1)
- Method validation (1)
- Methodenentwicklung Böden (1)
- Methodenvergleich (1)
- Methoxytrimethlsilane (1)
- Methyl group rotation (1)
- Metrics (1)
- Metrics-driven science (1)
- Metrological Observation (1)
- Metrology in Chemistry and Biology (1)
- Mg alloys (1)
- Micellar chromatography (1)
- Micelle (1)
- Micorscopic dose-damage relation (1)
- Micro solar cells (1)
- Micro- and Nanoplastics (1)
- Micro-concentrator solar cell (1)
- MicroXRF (1)
- Microarray printing (1)
- Microbeads (1)
- Microbial (1)
- Microbial adhesions (1)
- Microbial induced corrosion (1)
- Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiological Corrosion (1)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (1)
- Microbiologically Influrenced Corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microcracks (1)
- Microdroplet (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Microemulsion (1)
- Microencapsulation (1)
- Microfabrication (1)
- Microfluidic (1)
- Microfluidic system (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Micromanipulation (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Micropatterned dry adhesive (1)
- Microplastic fibers (1)
- Microplastic fibre release (1)
- Microplastic mass (1)
- Microplastic mass contents (1)
- Microplastic pathways (1)
- Microplastic pollution (1)
- Microplastic reference materials (1)
- Microplastics analytic (1)
- Microplastics in milk (1)
- Microplastics in soil (1)
- Microplastics reference material (1)
- Microplastics sampling (1)
- Microstructure Design (1)
- Microstructure-property relations (1)
- Microwave (1)
- Microwave-assisted synthesis (1)
- Mikroplasik (1)
- Mikroplastik Böden (1)
- Mikroplastik Massegehalt (1)
- Mikroplastik in Luft (1)
- Mikroplastik-Analyse (1)
- Mikroplastikreferenzmaterial (1)
- Mikrostrukturen (1)
- Mild steel (1)
- Mineral tranformation (1)
- Minerals (1)
- Mischwasser (1)
- Miscible polymer films (1)
- Mitochondria (1)
- Mixed Matrix Membrane (1)
- Mixed Oxides (1)
- Mixed metal oxide (1)
- Mixed-ligand MOFs (1)
- Mixed-linkers (1)
- MoO3 (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modellmaterialien (1)
- Modification (1)
- Modulus (1)
- Moisture (1)
- Molar mass distribution (1)
- Molecular Conformation (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Molecular Mobility (1)
- Molecular Organic Frameworks (1)
- Molecular VOx catalysts (1)
- Molecular beacon (1)
- Molecular mass distribution (1)
- Molecular recognition (1)
- Molecule (1)
- Molybdenum (1)
- Monoclonal Antibodies (1)
- Monoclonal antibodies (1)
- Monolith (1)
- Monolithic column (1)
- Monte carlo (1)
- Monte-Carlo (1)
- Monte-Carlo Simulationen (1)
- Morpho-chemical characterization (1)
- Morphogenesis (1)
- Morphology (1)
- Morphology control (1)
- Motor controller (1)
- Mueller-Matrix Ellipsometry (1)
- Multi-core particles (1)
- Multi-functional coatings for sensors (1)
- Multi-method analysis (1)
- Multi-photon light structuring (1)
- Multi-principal element alloys (1)
- Multi-principal element alloys (MPEAs) (1)
- Multi-prinicpal element alloys (MPEAs) (1)
- Multi-resistant bacteria (1)
- Multi-scale (1)
- Multi-scale measurements (1)
- Multicomponent (1)
- Multielectrode (1)
- Multielectrode based sensors (1)
- Multilayercoatings (1)
- Multilayers (1)
- Multimodal (1)
- Multiphoton laser structuring (1)
- Multiple-sample bonding (MSB) (1)
- Multiple-sample handling (MSH) (1)
- Multiplex (1)
- Multiport (1)
- Multiscale simulation (1)
- Multivalency (1)
- Multivariate Analyse (1)
- Multivariate Datenanalyse (1)
- Multivariate Statistics (1)
- Multivariate analyses (1)
- Mussel inspired materials (1)
- Mussel-inspired adhesive systems (1)
- Mussel-inspired coating (1)
- Mussel-inspired dendritic polyglycerol (MI-dPG) (1)
- Mussel-inspired materials (1)
- Mutual calibration (1)
- MySpot (1)
- Mycotoxin (1)
- Mössbauer Spectroscopy (1)
- Müller-Matrix Ellipsometrie (MM-IE) (1)
- NFDI (1)
- NIR (1)
- NIR spectroscopy (1)
- NMF (1)
- NMR probe Development (1)
- NMR-Spektroskopie (1)
- NaI (1)
- Nafion 117 (1)
- Naica (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- Nano Characterisation (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano graphene (1)
- Nano metal fluorides (1)
- Nano particle (1)
- Nano particles (1)
- Nano screening (1)
- Nano structure (1)
- Nano-Charakterisierung (1)
- Nano-Kompetenzzentrum (1)
- Nano-Projekte (1)
- Nano-ceramic-additive-manufacturing photoresin (1)
- Nano-characterisation (1)
- Nano-object (1)
- Nano-particles alignment (1)
- Nano-powder characterization (1)
- Nano-related data (1)
- Nano-risk assessment (1)
- NanoCAM (1)
- NanoValid (1)
- Nanoalloy (1)
- Nanoanalysis (1)
- Nanoanalytics (1)
- Nanoanalytik (1)
- Nanobiointerfaces (1)
- Nanocasting (1)
- Nanocomposite fibers (1)
- Nanocrystal (1)
- Nanocrystals (1)
- Nanocubes (1)
- Nanodefine (1)
- Nanodielectrics (1)
- Nanodosimetry (1)
- Nanofiber (1)
- Nanoinformatics (1)
- Nanokomposit (1)
- Nanomaterial Properties (1)
- Nanomaterial analysis (1)
- Nanomaterial categorisation (1)
- Nanomaterial definition (1)
- Nanomaterial legislation (1)
- Nanomaterial properties (1)
- Nanomaterial regulation (1)
- Nanomaterial screening (1)
- Nanomechanical charecteisation (1)
- Nanomechanical properties (1)
- Nanoparticle Characterization (1)
- Nanoparticle size (1)
- Nanoparticle size measurement (1)
- Nanoparticle structure (1)
- Nanoparticle synthesis (1)
- Nanoparticles with same nominal diameter (1)
- Nanoparticles with same nominal diameter; surface coating; two-dimensional off-line coupling (1)
- Nanoparticular TiO2 (Anatase) (1)
- Nanoplatform (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanopores (1)
- Nanoporous (1)
- Nanoporous carbon (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanopropous materials (1)
- Nanorisk Governance (1)
- Nanosafety services (1)
- Nanoscale (1)
- Nanoscale measurements (1)
- Nanoscience (1)
- Nanosecond laser (1)
- Nanosecond laser irradiation (1)
- Nanosilver (1)
- Nanostrcutures (1)
- Nanostructured FeOx films (1)
- Nanostructured material (1)
- Nanostrukturen (1)
- Nanotechnologie (1)
- Nanotechnologies (1)
- Nano‐object characterization (1)
- Narrow line method (1)
- Native oxide layer (1)
- Natural language processing (1)
- Near ambient pressure XPS (1)
- Near ambient x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure (1)
- Near edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (1)
- Near-ambient pressure (1)
- Near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Near-field spectroscopy (1)
- Nebra (1)
- Nebulization (1)
- Neel wall (1)
- Neuartige Materialien (1)
- Neue Filtermaterialien (1)
- Neural Network (1)
- Neural Networks (1)
- Neurotrophins (1)
- Neutron backscattering (1)
- Neutron diffraction (1)
- Ni (1)
- NiMaGa (1)
- Nickel nanoparticles (1)
- Niedrigenergie-Polymeren (1)
- Nitrene [2+1] cycloaddition (1)
- Nitrene[2+1]cycloaddition (1)
- Nitric acid (1)
- Nitrification (1)
- Nitrobenzene reduction (1)
- Nm film thickness (1)
- NoStep Standards (1)
- Nobel-metal free electrocatalysis (1)
- Noise in image (1)
- Nomenclature (1)
- Non-destructiv testing (1)
- Non-destructive ambient analysis (1)
- Non-negative matrix factorization (1)
- Non-spherical (1)
- Non-spherical nanoparticles (1)
- Nonclassical crystallization (1)
- Noncovalent interactions (1)
- Nondestructive testing techniques (1)
- Nonlinear lithography (1)
- Nonlinear optics (1)
- Nonporous SiO2 (1)
- Nonspecific binding (NSB) (1)
- Normung Ellipsometrie (1)
- Nuclear Energy and Engineering (1)
- Nucleobase (1)
- Nucleus (1)
- Numerical models (1)
- Numerical simulations (1)
- OECD TG 125 (1)
- OH scavenger (1)
- OMS (1)
- Oberflächenmodifikation (1)
- Oberflächenpotential (1)
- Oberflächensteifigkeit (1)
- Oberflächenstrukturierung (1)
- Ochratoxin A (1)
- Oligonucleotides (1)
- Olivine (1)
- One-part mix (1)
- One-pot synthesis (1)
- Online biosensor (1)
- Open Science (1)
- Open access (1)
- Open data (1)
- Open data on zenodo (1)
- Open science (1)
- Operando (1)
- Ophthalmology (1)
- Optical Constants (1)
- Optical analysis (1)
- Optical and Magnetic Materials (1)
- Optical assay (1)
- Optical birefringence (1)
- Optical characterization (1)
- Optical constants (1)
- Optical fibers (1)
- Optical films (1)
- Optical measurement technology (1)
- Optical measurements (1)
- Optical near field (1)
- Optical porosimetry (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Optical scattering (1)
- Optical spectroscopy (1)
- Optical waveguides (1)
- Optically active surfaces (1)
- Optimierung (1)
- Optische Konstanten (1)
- Oral uptake (1)
- Ordered mesoporous carbon (1)
- Ordered mesoporous silica (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Organic micro-pollutant (1)
- Organic phosphates (1)
- Organic-inorganic adsorbents (1)
- Organic/inorganic block copolymer (1)
- Orientation (1)
- Origin (1)
- Osmium (1)
- Osteogenesis (1)
- Osteoporosis (1)
- Outreach (1)
- Ovariectomy (1)
- Oxocobaltates (1)
- Oxygen Evolution Catalyst (1)
- Oxygen Evolution Reaction (1)
- Oxygen reduction reaction (1)
- Oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) (1)
- P-aminothiophenol (1)
- P. Fluorescens (1)
- P25 (1)
- PAK (1)
- PBS (1)
- PC characterisation (1)
- PCCA+ (1)
- PE (1)
- PEG (1)
- PIFE (1)
- PIM-1 (1)
- PLA (1)
- PQQ (1)
- PU Learning (1)
- PUR (1)
- PVD-coatings (1)
- PVD-processes (1)
- PVDF (1)
- PVDF-Based membrane (1)
- PVDF-based membrane (1)
- PVME (1)
- Paarverteilungsfunktion (1)
- Pair Distribution Functions (1)
- Paramagnetism (1)
- Partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) (1)
- Particale size (1)
- Participatory Approach (1)
- Particle Characterization (1)
- Particle accretion (1)
- Particle architecture (1)
- Particle characterization (1)
- Particle scatterin simulations (1)
- Particles as add-on features (1)
- Particles as imperfections (1)
- Particulate distributions (1)
- Partikelgrößenverteilung (1)
- Passive films (1)
- Pathway (1)
- Pb isotopes (1)
- Pelletization (1)
- Pentafluorophosphates (1)
- Pentafluoropyridine (1)
- Peptide (1)
- Peptide Library (1)
- Peptide binder (1)
- Perfluorooctanoic Acid (PFOA) (1)
- Pergamonmuseums (1)
- Periodate oxidation (1)
- Permeation (1)
- Peroxidase (1)
- Pflanzenvirus (1)
- PhD training (1)
- Phantome (1)
- Pharmaceuticals (1)
- Phase analysis (1)
- Phase mask (1)
- Phase separation (1)
- Phase stability (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phase transformations (1)
- Phase-contrast microscopy (1)
- Phenolic acid (1)
- Phonon interactions (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Phosphine oxide (1)
- Phosphinine (1)
- Phosphonate esters (1)
- Phosphonic acids (1)
- Phosphorous recovery (1)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (1)
- Phosphotyrosine Biomimetics (1)
- Photo-transformation products (1)
- Photochromism (1)
- Photodegradation (1)
- Photoelectrochemistry (1)
- Photoemission (1)
- Photoluminescence (1)
- Photon counting detectors (1)
- Photons (1)
- Photophysics (1)
- Photoreforming (1)
- Photoswitchable monolayers (1)
- Photovoltaics (1)
- Photovoltaik (1)
- Physical Aging (1)
- Physical and chemical processes (1)
- Physical and theoretical chemistry (1)
- Physical vapour deposition (PVD) (1)
- Physicochemical characterization (1)
- Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous) (1)
- Physisorption (1)
- Piezoresponse (1)
- Pigments (1)
- Pitfalls (1)
- Plant virus (1)
- Plasma Polymerization (1)
- Plasma Polymers (1)
- Plasma activation (1)
- Plasma deposition (1)
- Plasma diagnostics (1)
- Plasma treatments (1)
- Plasma-assisted ALD modification (1)
- Plasmon resonance (1)
- Plasmonic nanofocusing (1)
- Plasmonic nanofocusing spectroscopy (1)
- Plasmonic photocatalysis (1)
- Plastic aging (1)
- Plastic bottles (1)
- Plastic deformation (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plastic reference materials (1)
- Plastic viscosity (1)
- PlasticEurope (1)
- PlasticTrace (1)
- Plasticity mechanism (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Plastikstrategie (1)
- Platinum group metals (1)
- Platinum-ruthenium colloid (1)
- Polarimetry (1)
- Polarization (1)
- Polarization spectroscopy (1)
- Pollen grains (1)
- Pollenkörner (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Poly(acrylic acid) (1)
- Poly(amino phosphodiester) (1)
- Poly(ether-phosphoramide)s sulfides (1)
- Poly(ether-sulfone) (1)
- Poly(lactide) (1)
- Poly(lactides) (1)
- Polycapillaries (1)
- Polycarbonate-co-dimethylsiloxane copolymer (1)
- Polycarboxylate ether (PCE), (1)
- Polyclonal Antibodies (1)
- Polydispersity (1)
- Polyelectrolytes (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyethylene colonization (1)
- Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-grafting antifouling surface (1)
- Polyethylene glycol diacrylate (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polyethyleneglycol (1)
- Polylactides (1)
- Polylaktid (1)
- Polylaktide (1)
- Polymer Hydrolysis (1)
- Polymer aging (1)
- Polymer analysis (1)
- Polymer analysis/characterization (1)
- Polymer based Nanocomposites (1)
- Polymer degradation (1)
- Polymer electrolyte fuel cell (1)
- Polymer film (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Polymer membranen (1)
- Polymer nanocomposite (1)
- Polymer of Intrisic Maicroporosity (1)
- Polymer optical fiber (1)
- Polymer size (1)
- Polymer-binding Peptides (1)
- Polymer-ceramic mixtures (1)
- Polymerblend (1)
- Polymere Eigenschaften (1)
- Polymeric membrane (1)
- Polymerisation (1)
- Polymers and Plastics (1)
- Polymers with intrinic microporosity (1)
- Polymerwissenschaften (1)
- Polymorphy (1)
- Polynorbornes (1)
- Polyoxocation (1)
- Polyoxometalates (1)
- Polysaccharides (1)
- Polystyrene (1)
- Polystyrene microparticles (1)
- Polyurethane acetate vinyl acrylate (1)
- Polyurethanes (1)
- Polyvinyl formaldehyde (1)
- Polyvinyl formaldehyde foam (1)
- Polzmethyl methacrylate (1)
- Pomodore (1)
- Pore orientation (1)
- Pore size tailoring (1)
- Pore space (1)
- Pore structure (1)
- Porous carbon (1)
- Porous carbons (1)
- Porous layers (1)
- Position of carboxylate group (1)
- Positron emission tomography (1)
- Post-modification by L-cysteine (1)
- Poster presentation (1)
- Postsynthetic modification (1)
- Powder (1)
- Powdered activated carbon (1)
- Power Electronics (1)
- Power electronics (1)
- Pphosphates (1)
- Practical aspects (1)
- Practical examples (1)
- Prediction (1)
- Prediction relative (1)
- Predictive modelling (1)
- Preferential exclusion (1)
- Preferred orientation (1)
- Prehydrated electrons (1)
- Primer (1)
- Principal Component Analysis (1)
- Principle component analysis (1)
- Prisma (1)
- Probenpräparation (1)
- Procedure (1)
- Process analytical technology (1)
- Process control (1)
- Prodrug antibiotic (1)
- Propolis (1)
- Protection housing (1)
- Protein A (1)
- Protein Purification (1)
- Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (1)
- Protein a (1)
- Protein expression and purification (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein immobilization (1)
- Protein purification and expression (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Protein structure (1)
- Protein-induced fluorescence enhancement (1)
- Protein–DNA filament (1)
- Proton conducting materials (1)
- Proton cunductor (1)
- Proton exchange membrane fuel cells (1)
- Provenance information (1)
- Proximate analysis (1)
- Prozessanalytik (1)
- Prozesskontrolle (1)
- Prüfgeschwindigkeiten (1)
- Pseudo-translationalsublattices (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pseudomonas fluorescens (1)
- Publication pressure (1)
- Pull-off test (1)
- Pulse Laser (1)
- Pulsed laser ablation (1)
- Pump-probe (1)
- Purine P2Y1 receptors (1)
- Purity assessment (1)
- Py-GC/MS (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- QUASES (1)
- Quality Control (1)
- Quantitative XPS (1)
- Quantitative surface chemical analysis (1)
- Quantum Chemistry (1)
- Quantum Dots (1)
- Quantum chemical bonding analysis (1)
- Quantum mechanics (1)
- Quartzite rock (1)
- Quarzglas (1)
- Quasi-harmonic approximation (1)
- Quencher (1)
- Quick-XAS (1)
- RAMAN (1)
- RBE (1)
- REDOR (1)
- REM (1)
- REM/EDX (1)
- REPT-HMQC (1)
- RNA (1)
- RXES (1)
- Radiadion damage (1)
- Radiation damage to DNA (1)
- Radiaton damage (1)
- Radical Scavenge (1)
- Radioactive NP (1)
- Radiografische Untersuchung (1)
- Radiometabolites (1)
- Rainfall simulator (1)
- Raman spectra (1)
- Rapid Analysis (1)
- Rare earth elements separations (1)
- Rat (1)
- Rauheit (1)
- Re-crystallization (1)
- Reactions (1)
- Reactive sputtering (1)
- Real-time infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Reconstructed chromatograms (1)
- Reconstruction (1)
- Recycling-by-design (1)
- Reference Method (1)
- Reference Nanomaterials (1)
- Reference isotherm (1)
- Reference nanomaterials (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Reference products (1)
- Reference samples (1)
- Reference spectra (1)
- Reference standards (1)
- Reference structure (1)
- Regeneration (1)
- Regional workshop (1)
- Regularization (1)
- Regulatory identification of nanomaterials (1)
- Regulatory risk assesment (1)
- Reibung (1)
- Reibungsreduktion (1)
- Release kinetics (1)
- Reliabiilty (1)
- Reliable characterization (1)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Renewable copolymers (1)
- Repelling surface coatings (1)
- Representative morphology modeling (1)
- Reproducible Spectra (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Research ethics (1)
- Research fraud (1)
- Resins (1)
- Resolution criterion (1)
- Reverse Monte Carlo (1)
- Reversible Hydrogen Storage (1)
- Reversible adsorption. (1)
- Rh-Ir alloys (1)
- Rheology (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhodiumcomplexes (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Rice husk ash (1)
- Ridis amorphous fraction (1)
- Rigid (1)
- Ring-opening Polymerisation (1)
- Ringversuch Ellipsometrie (1)
- Risk Governance (1)
- Risk asessment (1)
- Risstrajektorie (1)
- River (1)
- Road run-off (1)
- Roadmap (1)
- Robocasting (1)
- Robotic synthesis (1)
- Robotic-supported synthesis (1)
- Robust nano objects (1)
- Robustness (1)
- Rod-like liquid crystals (1)
- Rotaxanes (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- Rroughness and step heights (1)
- RunDeck (1)
- Runoff (1)
- Röntgenfluoreszenz (1)
- SAM (1)
- SARS-CoV 2 (1)
- SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (1)
- SARS-CoV2 inhibitor (1)
- SBP (1)
- SDS-PAGE (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SEM tilting (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- SEM/EDS/STRATAGem (1)
- SKPFM (1)
- SKPM (1)
- SLS (1)
- SPR (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (1)
- STEM-in-SEM (TSEM) (1)
- STL file input (1)
- SYBR Gold (1)
- SYBR gold (1)
- Sabatier (1)
- Salicylate (1)
- Salicylic acid (1)
- Saline brine (1)
- Sall-angle scattering (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sample cell (1)
- Sample peparation (1)
- Saphir (1)
- Saponite (1)
- Sata corrections (1)
- Scaffold (1)
- Scannig probe microscope (1)
- Scanning Auger Spectroscopy (1)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (1)
- Scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (1)
- Scanning Probe Microscopy (1)
- Scanning Probe methods (1)
- Scanning probe measurements (1)
- Scanning probe microscopy (1)
- Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy (STXM) (1)
- Scanning white light interferometry (1)
- Scattering pattern (1)
- Scattering pattern simulation (1)
- Scavenger (1)
- Schichtdicke (1)
- Schichtdicken (1)
- Schlangenbohne (1)
- Schriftrollen vom Toten Meer (1)
- SchwarzP cells (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Scientific communication (1)
- Scientific fraud (1)
- Scientific rigour (1)
- Sealing materials (1)
- Second-generation high temperature superconductor technology (1)
- Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Secondary fluorescence (1)
- Secondary fluorescence correction (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Sedimentation (1)
- Sedimentation box (SB) (1)
- Sedimentationskasten (1)
- Sedimenttaionskasten (1)
- Segregation Engineering (1)
- Selected Area XPS (1)
- Selected area XPS (1)
- Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) (1)
- Self-degrading (1)
- Self-driving-labs (1)
- Self-healing (1)
- Self-healing silicone rubber (1)
- Self-lubricating coating (1)
- Sem (1)
- Semi-Interpenetrating Network (1)
- Semi-interpenetrating networks (1)
- Semiconductor nanocrystals (1)
- Semiconductors (1)
- Sensorvalidierung (1)
- Separability assumption (1)
- Separability condition (1)
- Separate sewer system (1)
- Separation membranes (1)
- Sequential spectroscopic data (1)
- Sers (1)
- Service life (1)
- Settling velocity (1)
- Sewer structures (1)
- Shape control (1)
- Shape-controlled nanoparticles (1)
- Shape-engineered (1)
- Shape-memory alloys (1)
- Shell (1)
- Short chained Phthalates (1)
- Short chained phthalates (1)
- Short range order (1)
- Si wafer filter (1)
- Sialic acid (1)
- Silanes (1)
- Silbernanopartikel (1)
- Silica gel modification (1)
- Silica particles (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Silicone elastomer (1)
- Silk (1)
- Sillver (1)
- Silver diffusion (1)
- Simvastatine (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Single particle (1)
- Single source precursors (1)
- Single strand breaks (1)
- Single-source-precursor (1)
- Single-strand break (1)
- Singulettsauerstoff (1)
- Sinking velocity (1)
- Sintered Material (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Size and size distribution (1)
- Size exclusion chromatography (1)
- Size measurement (1)
- Size measurements (1)
- Size-exclusion chromatography (SEC) (1)
- Slags (1)
- Slicers (1)
- Sliding (1)
- Slurry (1)
- Small Spot XPS (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-angle Scattering (1)
- Small-angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Smart materials (1)
- Soda lakes (1)
- Sodium carbonate minerals (1)
- Sodium ion battery (1)
- Soft X-ray (1)
- Soft-templated (1)
- Soft-templated mesoporous films (1)
- Software UNIFIT 2022 (1)
- Soil microbial community (1)
- Sol-gel processes (1)
- Sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Solar Cell (1)
- Solar cells (1)
- Solar concentrator (1)
- Solar energy (1)
- Solarpur (1)
- Solid phase (1)
- Solid support (1)
- Solid volume fraction (1)
- Solid-binding Peptides (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solid-state NMR (1)
- Solvent-free (1)
- Sonochemical synthesis (1)
- Sorption isotherm (1)
- Sorption mechanism (1)
- Specific Adsorption of N-2 and Kr (1)
- Specific Surface Area (BET) (1)
- Specific heat spectroscopx (1)
- Spectral induced polarization (1)
- Spectroelectrochemical Techniques (1)
- Spectrometer check (1)
- Spectroscopic Imaging (1)
- Spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE) (1)
- Spectroscopy / Instrumentation (1)
- Spectroscopy / Theory (1)
- Spectrum imaging (1)
- Spektrale Ellipsometrie (SE) (1)
- Spektroskopie (1)
- Spektroskopische Verfahren (1)
- Spin (1)
- Spin-lattice coupling (1)
- Spinel (1)
- Spirocyclic (1)
- Spontaneous emulsification (1)
- Sportböden (1)
- SrF2 (1)
- SsNMR (1)
- Stabilization (1)
- Stacking fault energy (1)
- Stainless Steel (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standard Operation Procedures (1)
- Standard operation procedures (1)
- Standardarbeitsanweisung (1)
- Standardisierung (1)
- Standardization of Ellipsometry (1)
- Standardization of ellipsometry (1)
- Standardized check (1)
- Stannosilicates (1)
- Static light scattering (1)
- Statistical particle distribution (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Statistics and Probability (1)
- Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty (1)
- Statistischen Untersuchung (1)
- Steels (1)
- Stereocomplex (1)
- Stimuli-responsive polymers (1)
- Stochastic Landau Lifshitz equation (1)
- Storage module (1)
- Stormwater retention tank (1)
- Strahlentherapie (1)
- Straight edge method (1)
- Strand break (1)
- Strand breaks (1)
- Strategy and Management (1)
- Straßenablauf (1)
- Streptavidin binding (1)
- Strontium titanate (1)
- Structural Analysis (1)
- Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) (1)
- Structural Materials (1)
- Structural characterisation (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Structural control (1)
- Structural defects (1)
- Structural dynamics (1)
- Structural health monitoring (SHM) (1)
- Structural phase transition (1)
- Structural precision (1)
- Structural sealant glazing (1)
- Structure activity relationships (1)
- Structure factors (1)
- Structure solution (1)
- Structure-mechanical property correlation (1)
- Structure-properties relationships (1)
- Structure-property relationship (1)
- Structures under extreme conditions (1)
- Structure–property correlation (1)
- Stuccos (1)
- Stumpfklebungen (1)
- Sulfated materials (1)
- Sulfur (1)
- Sulphidation (1)
- Sulphuric acid (1)
- Sunscreen (1)
- Supercritical adsorption (1)
- Superior sorbent (1)
- Superparamagnetism (1)
- Superplasticizer (1)
- Supramolecular chemistry (1)
- Supramolecules (1)
- Surface Activation (1)
- Surface Analysis Working Group (1)
- Surface Analytics (1)
- Surface Chemical Transformation (1)
- Surface Chemistry (1)
- Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (1)
- Surface analyses (1)
- Surface analysis, (1)
- Surface analytic (1)
- Surface area (1)
- Surface characterization (1)
- Surface chemical analysis of biofilms (1)
- Surface chemisttry (1)
- Surface engineering (1)
- Surface morphology and chemistry (1)
- Surface plasmon polaritons (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance (1)
- Surface plasmon resonance enhanced ellipsometry (SPREE) (1)
- Surface processing (1)
- Surface properties (1)
- Surface regeneration (1)
- Surface species (1)
- Surface structures (1)
- Surface superconductivity (1)
- Surface texture (1)
- Surface-initated grafting (1)
- Surfaces, Coatings and Films (1)
- Suspended organic matter (1)
- Suspended particulate matter (SPM) (1)
- Sustainable Synthesis (1)
- Sustainable chemisry (1)
- Suzuki-Miyaura coupling (1)
- Swell-capture (1)
- Synchroton x-ray diffraction (1)
- Synchrotron CT (1)
- Synchrotron based methods (1)
- Synchrotron-XPS (1)
- Syngenite (1)
- Synthesis library (1)
- Synthesizability (1)
- System method (1)
- Systems architecture (1)
- T-SEM (1)
- THP(B) (1)
- TMB (1)
- TPU (1)
- TRIP Steel (1)
- TRL (1)
- TSEM (1)
- TTBP-TAZ (1)
- TWIP Steel (1)
- TXRF-XAS (1)
- Tara Mediterranee (1)
- Target volume (1)
- Targeted nanoparticle (1)
- Tattoo inks (1)
- Technical Lignin (1)
- Technische Materialien (1)
- Temparatur modulated Flash DSC (1)
- Temperature dependent ellipsometry (1)
- Temperature effects (1)
- Temperature modulated DSC (1)
- Temperature modulated differential scanning calorimetry (1)
- Temperature-programmed desorption (1)
- Temporal beam shaping for precision machining (1)
- Tensile Stress (1)
- Tensile strength of coatings (1)
- Tensile strength of laminates (1)
- Tensile testing machine (TTM) (1)
- Ternary zinc alloys (1)
- Terpolymer (1)
- Tesserae (1)
- Test artifact (1)
- Test structure (1)
- Tetraethyl orthosilicate (1)
- Textile binder (1)
- Textile company (1)
- Textile fibres (1)
- Thawing (1)
- The MOUSE (1)
- Themal Transitions (1)
- Theoretical modelling (1)
- Theory (1)
- Therapeutic Antibodies (1)
- Therapy (1)
- Thermal Properties (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermal annealing (1)
- Thermal conductivity (1)
- Thermal desorption analysis (1)
- Thermal desorption mass spectrometry (1)
- Thermal expansion (1)
- Thermal extraction desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS), monitoring (1)
- Thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (1)
- Thermal süectroscopy (1)
- Thermal transport (1)
- Thermische Verfahren (1)
- Thermo-desorption (1)
- Thermo-responsive polymers (1)
- ThermoExtraktionDesorptionGCMS (1)
- Thermoanalyse (1)
- Thermoanalysis (1)
- Thermoanalytic (1)
- Thermoanalytical (1)
- Thermochemistry (1)
- Thermodynamic Properties (1)
- Thermomagnetic material (1)
- Thermoplastic Polyurethane (1)
- Thermoresponsive poly(glycidyl ether) coatings (1)
- Thermoset composition (1)
- Thermosets (1)
- Thetaevolve (1)
- Thickness measurements (1)
- Thin Layers (1)
- Thin Polymer Layers (1)
- Thin epoxy-based films (1)
- Thin film systems (1)
- Thin film technology (1)
- Thin mesoporous films (1)
- Thiols (1)
- Thiourea-formaldehyde (1)
- Threshold (1)
- Thumor therapy (1)
- Ti-6Al-4V alloy (1)
- Ti-based colloids (1)
- Ti6Al4V alloys (1)
- TiO2 D540 nanoparticles (1)
- TiO2 PVP (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticle (1)
- TiO2 nanoparticles (1)
- Tilting (1)
- Time of Flight - Secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (1)
- Time-of-Flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (1)
- Time-offlight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) (1)
- Time-resolved analysis (1)
- Time-resolved coherent scattering (1)
- Tin catalysts (1)
- Tin(II)octanoate (1)
- Tire Wear (1)
- Tire particles (1)
- Titanium Carbide Nanosheets (1)
- Titanium Dioxide (1)
- Titanium alloys (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- Tools (1)
- Tools to combat scientific misconduct (1)
- Topas-nbio (1)
- Topometric characterization (1)
- Topometry (1)
- Topotactic phase transitions (1)
- Total Scattering (1)
- Total scattering (1)
- Total scattering analysis (1)
- Toxic metals (1)
- Trace organic contaminant (1)
- Traceability derivation (1)
- Traceable nanoparticle size measurements; (1)
- Traceable size (1)
- Transformation pathways (1)
- Transition electron microscopy (1)
- Transition-metal doped (1)
- Transmission electron microsocpy (1)
- Transmission function IERF (1)
- Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (1)
- Transparency (1)
- Transparent conductive Oxides (1)
- Transpassive dissolution (1)
- Trends (1)
- Triazine (1)
- Tribochemistry (1)
- Tribologie (1)
- Twin orientation relationship (1)
- Two photon polymerization (1)
- Two-Photon Polymerization (1)
- Two-dimensional hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN) (1)
- Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2D-LC) (1)
- Two-dimensional off-line coupling (1)
- Two-photon adsorption (1)
- Two-photon polymerisatio (1)
- Tyrosine (1)
- UCST polymers (1)
- UCST-type polymers (1)
- UPLC (1)
- UPLC/ESI-MS (1)
- UV Weathering (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV irradiation (1)
- UV photons (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV-A (1)
- UV-B (1)
- UV-Bestrahlung (1)
- UV-C (1)
- UV-Vis (1)
- UV-curing (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- UV/VIS (1)
- Ultrafast scattering (1)
- Ultrakurzpuls-Laser (1)
- Ultrakurzpuls-Laserbearbeitung (1)
- Ultrashort (1)
- Ultrashort lasers (1)
- Ultrashort pulse laser (1)
- Ultrasonic Nebulization (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Uncertainty (1)
- Uncertainty budget (1)
- Underwater LIBS (1)
- Unintended particle generation (1)
- Up-cycling (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- Uptake estimation (1)
- Urban (1)
- VMAAS (1)
- VOx catalyst (1)
- VRF (1)
- Vacuum compatible (1)
- Vacuum ionization (1)
- Validation concepts of ellipsometric measurements (1)
- Validierung (1)
- Validierungskonzepte ellipsometrischer Messungen (1)
- Van der Waals forces (1)
- Vanadium redox flow battery (1)
- Vanadium speciation (1)
- Variable excitation (1)
- Variable temperature (1)
- Vascular endothelial growth factor (1)
- Vergleichsuntersuchungen (1)
- Vergleichsversuche (1)
- Verschleiß (1)
- Verschleißreduktion (1)
- Vickers hardness (1)
- Video (1)
- Vigna unguiculata (1)
- Vinyl monomer (1)
- Virucidality (1)
- Visco-elastic (1)
- Visible light (1)
- Volatiles from thermosets (1)
- Volcano plot (1)
- Volume processing, waveguide writing (1)
- Volume specific surface area (1)
- Wasser (1)
- Wasseranalytik (1)
- Wasserstoff (1)
- Waste heat recovery (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Waste water treatment plant (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Wastewater treatment (1)
- Water atmosphere (1)
- Water dispersibility (1)
- Water electrolysis (1)
- Water filtration (1)
- Water management (1)
- Water samples (1)
- Water splitting (1)
- Water stability (1)
- Water treatment (1)
- Waxs (1)
- Weibern tuff (1)
- Weißlichtinterferenzmikroskopie (WLIM, 3D) (1)
- Welding (1)
- Wetting (1)
- White Light Interference Microscopy (1)
- White light interference microscopy(WLIM) (1)
- White light interferometric microscopy (1)
- White light interferometry microscopy (1)
- White-light Interference Microscopy (1)
- Wide bandgap compound semiconductor (1)
- Wide bandgap compound semiconductors (1)
- Wide bandgap semiconductors (1)
- Wide-bandgap semiconductors (1)
- Wide-range (1)
- Windenergie (1)
- Women in STEM (1)
- Wood (1)
- Writing (1)
- X-Ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-Ray Imaging (1)
- X-Ray Reflectometry (1)
- X-Ray Spectroscopy (1)
- X-Ray imaging (1)
- X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray Computed Tomography (1)
- X-ray Fluorescence (1)
- X-ray absorption Fine Spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) (1)
- X-ray crystal analysis (1)
- X-ray detectors (1)
- X-ray emission hazards (1)
- X-ray energies (1)
- X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (1)
- X-ray generation (1)
- X-ray hazards during ultrafast laser processing (1)
- X-ray instrumentation (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) (1)
- X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD), (1)
- X-ray microscopy (1)
- X-ray photoelectron (1)
- X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) (1)
- X-ray science (1)
- X-ray spectrometry (1)
- X-ray spectroscopic techniques (1)
- X-ray spectrum (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- XCT (1)
- XPS background analysis (1)
- XPS spctroscopy (1)
- XUV scattering (1)
- Xerogel (1)
- Xpoxy resin (1)
- Xrays (1)
- Yield stress (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Yttria-stabilized zirconia (1)
- Yttrium silicates (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc analysis (1)
- Zinc catalyst (1)
- Zinc phosphate (1)
- ZnO (1)
- ZnO films (1)
- ZnO nanoparticles (1)
- ZnO nanorods (1)
- ZnO nanorods Nanocrystalline (1)
- ZnSe (1)
- ZrO2 nanoparticles (1)
- Zugprüfung mittels Zentrifugentechnologie (1)
- Zugprüfung mittels Zugprüfmaschine (1)
- Zweistichproben t Test: (ZPM) (1)
- Zwitterion (1)
- Zyklen (1)
- [MMIM]+[DMP]− (1)
- abasic side (1)
- analytical service (1)
- attraktive Wechelwirkung (1)
- automation (1)
- base loss (1)
- clustered nanoparticles (1)
- confocal (1)
- corrosion (1)
- dielectric spectroscopy (1)
- digestion (1)
- dsDNA (1)
- electrocatalysis (1)
- electron microscopy (1)
- extension (1)
- fs-laser processing (1)
- gamma ray (1)
- gas separation membranes (1)
- gold (1)
- gold nanoparticles (1)
- graphene related 2D materials (1)
- high entropy alloys (1)
- instrument utilization (1)
- k-values (1)
- lN2 (1)
- laboratory automation (1)
- laboratory management (1)
- layered system (1)
- mechanical properties (1)
- metadata collection (1)
- microplastics, sampling, sampling techniques, water (1)
- module (1)
- molecular mobility (1)
- nanoindentation (1)
- nanoparticles (1)
- nanostructured (1)
- nm films (1)
- oxidation (1)
- oxidative stress (1)
- pH (1)
- pUC19 (1)
- performance test (1)
- polymers (1)
- polymers of intrinsic microporosity (1)
- polynorbornenes (1)
- presolvated electron (1)
- product specification (1)
- radical scavenger (1)
- radiolysis (1)
- research efficiency (1)
- ring-expansion polymerization (1)
- scanning electron microscopy (1)
- shape control (1)
- stl code (1)
- sulfidation (1)
- technical drawings (1)
- temeprature dependent exchange length (1)
- total scattering (1)
- transmission mode (1)
- ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering (1)
- uncertainty (1)
- wrapping (1)
- µ-CT (1)
- µ-FTIR (1)
- µ-Raman (1)
- µ-contact printing (1)
- µJ-DPSS laser (1)
- Ägyptisches Museum Berlin (1)
- Δμ XANES (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (2241)
- 6.3 Strukturanalytik (625)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (593)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (505)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (244)
- 6.5 Synthese und Streuverfahren nanostrukturierter Materialien (224)
- 6.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (205)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (129)
- 6.7 Materialsynthese und Design (110)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (90)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (71)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (67)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (56)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (44)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (40)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (38)
- 7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen (38)
- 5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation (32)
- 6.4 Materialinformatik (31)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (28)
- 7.4 Baustofftechnologie (25)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (24)
- 5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse (23)
- 9.5 Tribologie und Verschleißschutz (22)
- 1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik (21)
- 9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (20)
- 1.8 Umweltanalytik (19)
- VP Vizepräsident (18)
- VP.1 eScience (18)
- 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung (14)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (12)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (11)
- 1.3 Instrumentelle Analytik (11)
- 1.5 Proteinanalytik (11)
- P Präsident (11)
- 8.6 Faseroptische Sensorik (10)
- 8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren (8)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (7)
- 7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz (7)
- 8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (7)
- 1.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (6)
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (6)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (6)
- 8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren (6)
- P.0 Präsident und andere (6)
- PST Präsidiale Stabsstelle (6)
- 5.6 Glas (5)
- 9.2 Versuchsanlagen und Prüftechnik (5)
- 5.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (4)
- 5.3 Polymere Verbundwerkstoffe (4)
- 1.6 Anorganische Referenzmaterialien (3)
- 3.2 Gefahrguttanks und Unfallmechanik (3)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (3)
- 3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien (2)
- 5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe (2)
- 7.1 Baustoffe (2)
- 2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit (1)
- 2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern (1)
- 3.6 Elektrochemische Energiematerialien (1)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (1)
- 5.5 Materialmodellierung (1)
- 8.2 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfmethoden für das Bauwesen (1)
- 9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen (1)
- MP Mitglied des Präsidiums (1)
- MP.0 Mitglied des Präsidiums und andere (1)
- S Qualitätsinfrastruktur (1)
- S.2 Digitalisierung der Qualitätsinfrastruktur (1)
Paper des Monats
- ja (18)
The mechanism of action of zirconium permanent modifiers on graphite surfaces was investigated in order to understand its influence on the analytical signal in atomic and molecular absorption spectrometry (AAS/MAS). For this, the molecule formation of CaF was studied, which is used for the indirect analytical determination of fluorine in high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS). The kinetics of this reaction was established by monitoring its molecular spectrum at different atomisation temperatures. An Arrhenius plot showed a pseudo-first order reaction with respect to fluorine (n = 1). An intermediate state was isolated, and its structure was elucidated by spectroscopic methods: scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEMEDX), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS), and Raman microspectroscopy. We propose here a mechanism, where ZrO2 acts as a heterogeneous catalyst: after a pyrolytic step, an intermediate state of ZrO(OCaF) is activated, and at higher temperatures, CaF(g) is released from the zirconium-coated graphite surface. No evidence of the formation of zirconium carbide was found. Consequently, as the CaF formation is catalysed by a heterogeneous catalyst, surface modifications with ZrO2 nanoparticles and ZrO xerogels were investigated in order to increase the surface area. Their influence was evaluated in the molecule formation of CaF, CaCl, CaBr, and CaI. Graphite furnace modification with zirconium oxide nanoparticles proves to be the best choice for fluorine analysis with a signal enhancement of more than eleven times with respect a non-coated graphite furnace. However, the influence of zirconium modifications in the analytical signals of Cl, and I is lower than the F signals or even negative in case of the Br. Understanding zirconium modifiers as heterogeneous catalysts offers a new perspective to AAS and MAS, and reveals the potential of surface analytical methods for development of improved permanent modifiers and graphite furnace coatings.
Herein, two polyurethane oligomers were successfully synthesized using a prepolymer mixing process. The prepolymers were synthesized based on the step-growth addition polymerization of polypropylene glycol, Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate. Isopropanol was functioned as the isocyanate blocking agent. Thereafter, different terpolymer emulsions were prepared by the emulsion graft copolymerization with the vinyl acetate monomer in presence of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate as a vinyl monomer. The chemical structures of the synthesized oligomeric monomers were probed by FTIR spectroscopy and found to vary with the content of acrylic monomer used in the oligomer synthesis phase (i.e.hydroxyethyl acrylate or hydroxyethyl methacrylate). The topography, thermal stability, and particle size of terpolymers were investigated by SEM, TGA, and zeta potential, respectively. The TGA results demonstrated marked enhancement in thermal stability of the synthesized terpolymers up to ca. 600°C, which was concurrent with enhanced surface homogeneity and film properties as evidenced by the SEM images. These terpolymers showed also property enhancement as binders for textile pigment printing in terms of rubbing resistance, color strength and fastness to washing when compared to the commercial binders.
These judgments would provide a new competent synthesis route by introducing polyurethane acetate vinyl acrylate as the binder for use in pigment printing of cotton fabrics.
Over the years, industrial and human activities and agricultural practices have caused a serious threat to human health and the environment. Indeed, it has been demonstrated that these activities are responsible for the presence of pollutants in the soil, air and water.
Water is one of the most strategic issues today, as it is associated with the living world. Therefore, water pollution is becoming a universal scourge that leads to environmental degradation, decrease of water quality and threatens public health.
Water pollution is mainly due to the discharge of certain harmful chemical compounds that are not very or not at all biodegradable (phenolic compounds, heavy metals, hydrocarbons, dyes, pesticides, etc.) by various industries: chemical, pharmaceutical, textile, food processing, etc. The impact of these industrial effluents on fauna and flora is very harmful. A sensitization of the socio-economic actors and the public, accompanied by a severe regulation in relation to the discharges, would contribute to fight against this drift, but also, by the development of effective methods allowing to remove these pollutants, not only in an analytical purpose but also of depollution.
Thus and within the framework of the preservation of an environment with regard to any anthropogenic activity, our research topic relates to the use of original biosourced polymeric phases for the extraction of the organic compounds and the heavy metals in aqueous mediums.
Therefore, we have proceeded to the synthesis and characterization of a large variety of monomers, polymers and cross-linked materials. These products, partially derived from biomass, contain various functional groups with the ability to interact with chemical components without discriminating effect.
The developed polymer phases have been successfully used for the adsorption of some organic pollutants and heavy metals in synthetic aqueous solutions.
Monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles as reference material candidate for particle size measurements
(2020)
In order to utilize and rationally design materials at the nanoscale the reliable characterization of their physico-chemical properties is highly important, especially with respect to the assessment of their environmental or biological impact. Furthermore, the European Commission’s REACH Regulations require the registration of nanomaterials traded in quantities of at least 1 ton. Powders or dispersions where 50% (number distribution) of the constituent particles have sizes ≤ 100 nm in at least one dimension are defined as nanomaterials. This creates a need for industrial manufacturers and research or analytical service facilities to reliably characterize potential nanomaterials. Currently, BAM is developing reference nanoparticles, which shall expand the scarce list of worldwide available nano reference materials certified for particle size distribution and will also target other key parameters like shape, structure, porosity or functional properties. In this respect, materials like iron oxide or titanium dioxide are considered as candidates to complement the already available silica, Au, Ag, and polystyrene reference nanoparticles.
The thermal decomposition of iron oleate precursors in high boiling organic solvents can provide large quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles that can be varied in size and shape.[1, 2] The presence of oleic acid or other hydrophobic ligands as capping agents ensures stable dispersion in nonpolar solvents. Such monodisperse, spherical particles were synthesized at BAM and pre-characterized by electron microscopy (TEM, SEM including the transmission mode STEM-in-SEM) and dynamic light scattering comparing cumulants analysis and frequency power spectrum.
1. REACH regulations and nanosafety concerns create a strong need for nano reference materials with diverse properties.
2. Iron oxide nanoparticles are under development as new candidate reference material at BAM.
3. Narrow particle size distribution confirmed by light scattering and electron microscopy.
Tracking waterborne microplastic (MP) in urban areas is a challenging task because of the various sources and transport pathways involved. Since MP occurs in low concentrations in most wastewater and stormwater streams, large sample volumes need to be captured, prepared, and carefully analyzed. The recent research in urban areas focused mainly on MP emissions at wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), as obvious entry points into receiving waters. However, important transport pathways under wet-weather conditions are yet not been investigated thoroughly. In addition, the lack of comprehensive and comparable sampling strategies complicated the attempts for a deeper understanding of occurrence and sources. The goal of this paper is to (i) introduce and describe sampling strategies for MP at different locations in a municipal catchment area under dry and wet-weather conditions, (ii) quantify MP emissions from the entire catchment and two other smaller ones within the bigger catchment, and (iii) compare the emissions under dry and wet-weather conditions. WWTP has a high removal rate of MP (>96%), with an estimated emission rate of 189 kg/a or 0.94 g/[population equivalents (PEQ · a)], and polyethylene (PE) as the most abundant MP. The specific dry-weather emissions at a subcatchment were ≈30 g/(PEQ · a) higher than in the influent of WWTP with 23 g/(PEQ · a). Specific wet-weather emissions from large sub-catchment with higher traffic and population densities were 1952 g/(ha · a) higher than the emissions from smaller catchment (796 g/[ha · a]) with less population and traffic. The results suggest that wet-weather transport pathways are likely responsible for 2–4 times more MP emissions into receiving waters compared to dry-weather ones due to tire abrasion entered from streets through gullies. However, more investigations of wet-weather MP need to be carried out considering additional catchment attributes and storm event characteristics.
Phosphotyrosine residues are essential functional switches in health and disease. Thus, phosphotyrosine biomimetics are crucial for the development of chemical tools and drug molecules. We report here the discovery and investigation of pentafluorophosphato amino acids as novel phosphotyrosine biomimetics. A mild acidic pentafluorination protocol was developed and two PF5-amino acids were prepared and employed in peptide synthesis. Their structures, reactivities, and fluorine-specific interactions were studied by NMR and IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and in bioactivity assays. The mono-anionic PF5 motif displayed an amphiphilic character binding to hydrophobic surfaces, to water molecules, and to protein-binding sites, exploiting charge and H−F-bonding interactions. The novel motifs bind 25- to 30-fold stronger to the phosphotyrosine binding site of the protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B than the best current biomimetics, as rationalized by computational methods, including molecular dynamics simulations.
Modeling of silicon surface topographies induced by single nanosecond laser pulse induced melt-flows
(2019)
Irradiation with a single nanosecond laser pulse in the melting regime can result in a characteristic change in the surface morphology of crystalline silicon. This has been verified experimentally in a variety of situations, where dimple-shaped surface topographies are produced. In this work, the dimple height, depth, and width are modeled following and extending in a more rigorous manner the approach of Wood and Giles [Phys. Rev. B 23, 2923–2942 (1981)] and that of Schwarz-Selinger and coworkers [Phys. Rev. B 64, 155323 (2001)], upon varying the laser irradiation parameters such as peak energy density, pulse duration, and wavelength. This is achieved with numerical simulations of one-dimensional heat flow as input to the analytical fluid-flow equations.
Irradiation with a single spatially Gaussian-shaped nanosecond laser pulse in the melting regime can result in a characteristic annular change in the surface morphology of crystalline silicon. This has been verified experimentally in a variety of situations, where dimple-shaped surface topographies are produced. In a recent work we have investigated the induced changes in the surface topography upon exposure to wavelengths in the visible and near infrared spectral region. Irradiation in the UV requires a more detailed analysis due to the enhanced absorption of the material. In the present analysis, we determine under which conditions our previous model can be used and the corresponding results are presented.
Nanotechnology has enabled the discovery of a multitude of novel materials exhibiting unique physicochemical (PChem) properties compared to their bulk analogues. These properties have led to a rapidly increasing range of commercial applications; this, however, may come at a cost, if an association to long-term health and environmental risks is discovered or even just perceived. Many nanomaterials (NMs) have not yet had their potential adverse biological effects fully assessed, due to costs and time constraints associated with the experimental assessment, frequently involving animals. Here, the available NM libraries are analyzed for their suitability for integration with novel nanoinformatics approaches and for the development of NM specific Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) for human and environmental risk assessment, all within the NanoSolveIT cloud-platform. These established and well-characterized NM libraries (e.g. NanoMILE, NanoSolutions, NANoREG, NanoFASE, caLIBRAte, NanoTEST and the Nanomaterial Registry (>2000 NMs)) contain physicochemical characterization data as well as data for several relevant biological endpoints, assessed in part using harmonized Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) methods and test guidelines.
Integration of such extensive NM information sources with the latest nanoinformatics methods will allow NanoSolveIT to model the relationships between NM structure (morphology), properties and their adverse effects and to predict the effects of other NMs for which less data is available. The project specifically addresses the needs of regulatory agencies and industry to effectively and rapidly evaluate the exposure, NM hazard and risk from nanomaterials and nano-enabled products, enabling implementation of computational ‘safe-by-design’ approaches to facilitate NM commercialization.
Spectroscopy in Catalysis
(2020)
Knowledge-based catalyst development is always an interaction between preparation, analysis and catalytic testing. Only if these three factors fit together can success be expected. For the analytic side of this triangle, spectroscopic methods play a crucial role. Whereas with diffraction, scattering and microscopy, decisive insights into the structure and morphology of the catalysts can be obtained, spectroscopy produces new knowledge about the chemical nature of the catalyst, e.g., its bonding and valence states.
Aiming at the overall negative surface charge of bacteria, a new strategy of antibacterial agents based on large polymer-modified graphene oxide (GO) sheets is assessed. The presented flexible, polycationic Sheets match the size and charge density of the Escherichia coli surface charge density (2 × 1014 cm−2). These matching parameters create an unspecific but very strong bacteria adsorber by multivalent, electrostatic attraction.
Their interaction with bacteria is visualized via atomic force and confocal microscopy and shows that they effectively bind and wrap around E. coli cells, and thereby immobilize them. The incubation of Gram-negative and -positive bacteria (E. coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, MRSA) with these polycationic sheets leads to the inhibition of proliferation and a reduction of the colony forming bacteria over time.
This new type of antibacterial agent acts in a different mode of Action than classical biocides and could potentially be employed in medicinal, technical, or agriculture applications. The presented microsheets and their unspecific binding of cell interfaces could further be employed as adsorber material for bacterial filtration or immobilization for imaging, analysis, or sensor technologies.
We report on the ferromagnetism of Sn1-xZnxO2 (x < 0.1) hierarchical nanostructures with various morphologies synthesized by a solvothermal route. A room temperature ferromagnetic and paramagnetic response was observed for all compositions, with a maximum in ferromagnetism for x = 0.04. The ferromagnetic behaviour was found to correlate with the presence of zinc on substitutional Sn sites and with a low oxygen vacancy concentration in the samples. The morphology of the nanostructures varied with zinc concentration. The strongest ferromagnetic response was observed in nanostructures with well-formed shapes, having nanoneedles on their surfaces. These nanoneedles consist of (110) and (101) planes, which are understood to be important in stabilizing the ferromagnetic defects. At higher zinc concentration the nanostructures become eroded and agglomerated, a phenomenon accompanied with a strong decrease in their ferromagnetic response. The observed trends are explained in the light of recent computational studies that discuss the relative stability of ferromagnetic defects on various surfaces and the role of oxygen vacancies in degrading ferromagnetism via an increase in free electron concentration.
The exploration of metal phosphonates has gained great interest during the last decades, because of their structural diversity. They are promising candidates for a variety of applications ranging from adsorbance to electrocatalysis. The knowledge of the Crystal structure is significant for assigning a coordination polymer for a specific function. We investigated the influence of the fluorination degree of the organic linker on the Crystal packing, the interlayer distance, and the hydrophobicity of the resulting compounds. With fluorinated and nonfluorinated benzylphosphonic acids as starting materials in mechanochemical synthesis, four novel cadmium benzylphosphonates were obtained. Their structures were solved from powder X-ray diffraction.
The exploration of metal phosphonates chemistry has gained great interest during the last decades, because of their structural diversity. Transition metal phosphonates are promising candidates for an application as electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reactions (OER).
Here, we present the in situ investigation of mechanochemical syntheses of different manganese phosphonates by synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Nitrilotri(methylenephosphonic acid) and N,N-Bis(phosphonomethyl)glycine were chosen as ligands. The liquid-assisted milling process can be divided into three steps, including an amorphous stage. One of the products has not been obtained by classical solution chemistry before.
These metal phosphonates and/or their derivatives are considered to be active in electrochemical energy conversion. The verification of their applicability is one of the topics of our resent research.
Mechanochemistry is a versatile approach for green and fast synthesis of pure substances. By milling the reactants, various organic, inorganic, and metal-organic compounds can be obtained in high yields. Although mechanochemistry is widely used, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood making mechanochemical reactions difficult to predict. Metal phosphonates are metal-organic compounds accessible by grinding. Because of their structural diversity, the exploration of the chemistry of metal phosphonates has gained considerable interest during the last decades. Transition metal phosphonates are promising candidates for an application as electrocatalysts in oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we present the in situ investigation of the mechanochemical synthesis of a manganese(II)-phosphonate by synchrotron X-ray diffraction and thermography. The product has not been obtained by classical solution chemistry before and its crystal structure was determined from PXRD data. The milling process can be divided into different steps, with the product crystallization corresponding with the highest temperature rise. The activity of this metal phosphonate towards OER was measured and is presented here.
Mechanochemistry is a versatile approach for green and fast synthesis of pure substances. The exploration of the chemistry of metal phosphonates has gained considerable interest during the last decades due to their structural diversity. We synthesized manganese phosphonates in milling reactions. The mechanochemical reactions were investigated in situ to reveal the underlying mechanisms.
Metal phosphonates are metal-organic compounds consisting of a metal core and a phosphonate ligand. Depending on the nature of the ligand, metal phosphonates appear in different structures covering the range from molecular compounds to three-dimensional networks. Due to their structural diversity, the chemistry of metal phosphonates has gained great interest during the last decades. Metal phosphonates can be used for various applications as gas storage and separation, magnetism, and energy conversion. Especially transition metal phosphonates are promising candidates as electrocatalysts. Mechanochemistry is a versatile approach for green and fast synthesis of pure substances. By milling the reactants, various organic, inorganic, and metal-organic compounds can be obtained in high yields. Here, we present the synthesis of different new metal phosphonates obtained by grinding of metal acetates with respective phosphonic acids. By varying the ratio of the reactants, we are able to determine the composition of the final products. The addition of small amounts of liquid to the grinding process tends to increase the product’s crystallinity. The crystal structures of the new compounds were determined from powder X-ray data.
Cadmium benzylphosphonate Cd(O3PBn)·H2O and its fluorinated derivates Cd(O3PBn-3F)·H2O, Cd(O3PBn-4F)·H2O, and Cd(O3PBn-F5)·H2O were synthesized mechanochemically. The Crystal structures of the compounds were determined based on powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data. The influence of the ligand substitution on the crystal structure of the metal phosphonate was determined. The hydrophobicity as a function of degree of fluorination was investigated using dynamic vapor sorption.
Two divalent manganese aminophosphonates, manganese mono (nitrilotrimethylphosphonate) (MnNP3) and manganese bis N-(carboxymethyl)iminodi(methylphosphonate)) (Mn(NP2AH)2), have been prepared by mechanochemical synthesis and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). The structure of the novel compound Mn(NP2AH)2 was determined from PXRD data. MnNP3 as well as Mn(NP2AH)2 exhibits a chain-like structure.
In both cases, the manganese atom is coordinated by six oxygen atoms in a distorted octahedron. The local coordination around Mn was further characterized by extended X-ray absorption fine structure. The synthesis process was followed in situ by synchrotron X-ray diffraction revealing a three-step reaction mechanism. The asprepared manganese(II) phosphonates were calcined on air.
All samples were successfully tested for their suitability as catalyst material in the oxygen evolution reaction.
Ca-, Sr-, and Ba-Based coordination polymers (CPs) were prepared mechanochemically by milling metal-hydroxide samples with anthranilic acid (oABAH). {[Ca(oABA)2(H2O)3]}n consists of one-dimensional polymeric chains that are further connected by a hydrogen-bonding network. {[Sr(oABA)2(H2O)2]·H2O}n is a one-dimensional CP in which water molecules bridge Sr2+ ions and increase the dimensionality by building an extended network. {[Ba(oABA)2(H2O)]}n crystallizes as a two-dimensional CP comprising one bridging water molecule. The cation radii influence the inorganic connectivity and dimensionality of the resulting crystal structures. The crystal structures were refined from powder X-ray diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The local coordination environments were studied via extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) measurements. The compounds were further characterized using comprehensive analytical methods such as elemental analysis, thermal analysis, MAS NMR, imaging, and dynamic vapor sorption (DVS) measurements. Compounds 1, 2, and 3 exhibit small surface areas which decrease further after thermal annealing experiments. All compounds exhibit a phase transformation upon heating, which is only reversible in 3.
A series of Ca-based coordination polymers were prepared mechanochemically by milling Ca(OH)2 with phthalic acid (H2oBDC), isophthalic acid (H2mBDC), and terephthalic acid (H2pBDC). The hydrated compounds [Ca(oBDC)(H2O)], [Ca(mBDC)(H2O)3.4], and [Ca(pBDC)(H2O)3] were prepared for the first time via mechanochemical routes. The refined structures were validated by extended X-ray absorption data. The new dehydrated compound [Ca(oBDC)] (1-H2O), obtained after the thermal post-treatment of 1 in a reversible phase transition process, was determined ab initio based on the powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) data. The materials were thoroughly characterized using elemental analysis, thermal analysis, and spectroscopic methods: magic-angle spinning NMR and attenuated total reflection-infrared spectroscopy. The specific surface areas and sorption properties of the hydrated and dehydrated samples were determined using the isotherms of gas sorption and dynamic vapor sorption measurements.
New Ca- and Sr-based coordination polymers (CPs) were mechanochemically synthesized by milling metal hydroxide samples (M = Ca, Sr) with tetrafluorophthalic acid (H2oBDC-F4) and isophthalic acid (H2mBDC). [Ca(oBDC-F4)(H2O)2] (1) exhibits a small surface area which is slightly increased after removing the crystal water. On the other hand, the hydrated sample of the nonfluorinated [Sr(mBDC)(H2O)3.4] (2) reveals a small BET surface area which remains unchanged even after the release of crystal water via thermal treatment. The new compounds 1 and 2 are similar to their Sr- and Ca-analogs, respectively. These findings are confirmed by thermal analysis, MAS NMR, and ATR-IR measurements, in addition to the Le Bail refinements for the measured powder X-ray data of 1 and 2. Ca- and Sr-CPs based on perfluorinated dicarboxylic systems and their nonfluorinated analogs diverse in structural and chemical properties depending on the geometries of the organic linkers and the presence of fluorine atoms. The fluorinations of organic ligands lead to the formation of fluorinated CPs with higher dimensionalities compared to their nonfluorinated counterparts. Conversely, the thermal stabilities of the latter are higher than those of the fluorinated CPs.
A series of new Ba-based coordination polymers (CPs) were mechanochemically synthesized by milling Ba-hydroxide samples with perfluorinated and fluorine-free benzene-dicarboxylic acids, including tetrafluoroisophthalic acid (H2mBDC-F4), tetrafluorophthalic acid (H2oBDC-F4), isophthalic acid (H2mBDC) and phthalic acid (H2oBDC). The new fluorinated CPs: [Ba(mBDC-F4)$0.5H2O] (1) and [Ba(oBDC-F4)·1.5H2O] (2) are compared to their nonfluorinated counterparts: [Ba(mBDC)·2.5H2O] (3), and [Ba(oBDC)·1H2O] (4). These materials are thoroughly characterized using powder X-ray diffraction. The products obtained by milling are all hydrated but vary in their water contents. Compositions and local structures are investigated by elemental analysis, thermal analysis, MAS NMR and attenuated total reflectioninfrared spectroscopy. These materials exhibit high thermal stabilities but small surface areas that remain unchanged even after thermal treatments.
The novel synthesis route has been developed for hierarchically structured; nanorods and nanosheets of Sb4O5Cl2 from a single precursor, with dimension range between 57–90 nm. X-ray powder diffraction analysis confirmed the monoclinic crystal symmetry in P21/c(14)with structure type Sb4O5Cl2 for both forms; the nanorods and nanosheets. Rietveld refinements and crystallite size investigations of the powder patterns revealed significant enhancement in intensity with subtle variation in the lattice parameters and crystallite size decrease in case of nanosheets in comparison to the nanorods assembly. Through scanning electron microscopy, a composition commensurate to Sb4O5Cl2 at% with averaged dimensions; dia.∼90 nm, l ∼ 2 μm for nanorods and dia.∼50–150 nm for nanosheets got corroborated. Owing to the quantum confinement a band gap widening was observed while moving from bulk to nano regime, i.e. 3.25, 3.31 and 3.34 eV, for bulk, nanosheets, and nanorods, respectively. In the case of nanosheets, the highest value of dielectric constant was observed, i.e. 87, as compared to nanorods and the bulk, i.e. 40 and 35.5, respectively. The nanosheets also showed the highest value of dielectric and tangent loss with an increase in frequency due to the least crystallite size of these nanonetworks. Nanosheets depicted the higher AC conductivity at low frequency due to the alignment of the charges but its value decreases at the higher frequency due to lack of time for charge reorientation. The hopping phenomenon was observed in all three cases with the most prominent one in bulk case at higher frequencies.
CsCoO2, featuring a two-dimensional layered architecture of edge- and vertex-linked CoO4tetrahedra, is subjected to a temperature-driven reversible second-order phase transformation at 100 K, which corresponds to a structuralrelaxation with concurrent tilting and breathing modes of edge-sharing CoO4tetrahedra. In the present investigation, it was found that pressure induces a phase transition, which encompasses a dramatic change in the connectivity ofthe tetrahedra. At 923 K and 2 GPa, beta-CsCoO2 undergoes a first-order phasetransition to a new quenchable high-pressure polymorph,alpha-CsCoO2. It is built up of a three-dimensional cristobalite-type network of vertex-sharing CoO4 tetrahedra. According to a Rietveld refinement of high-resolution powderdiffraction data, the new high-pressure polymorph gamma-CsCoO2 crystallizes in the tetragonal space groupI41/amd:2 (Z= 4) with the lattice constants a= 5.8711 (1) and c= 8.3214 (2) A, corresponding to a shrinkage in volume by 5.7% compared with the ambient-temperature and atmospheric pressure-CsCoO2polymorph.The pressure-induced transition (beta>gamma) is reversible;-CsCoO2 stays metastable under ambient conditions, but transforms back to the-CsCoO2structure upon heating to 573 K. The transformation pathway revealed isremarkable in that it is topotactic, as is demonstrated through a clean displacive transformation track between the two phases that employs the symmetry oftheir common subgroupPb21a(alternative setting of space group No. 29 that matches the conventional-phase cell).
The complex nature of liquid water saturation of polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC) catalyst layers (CLs) greatly affects the device performance. To investigate this problem, we present a method to quantify the presence of liquid water in a PEFC CL using small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). This method leverages the differences in electron densities between the solid catalyst matrix and the liquid water filled pores of the CL under both dry and wet conditions. This approach is validated using ex situ wetting experiments, which aid the study of the transient saturation of a CL in a flow cell configuration in situ. The azimuthally integrated scattering data are fitted using 3D morphology models of the CL under dry conditions. Different wetting scenarios are realized in silico, and the corresponding SAXS data are numerically simulated by a direct 3D Fourier transformation. The simulated SAXS profiles of the different wetting scenarios are used to interpret the measured SAXS data which allows the derivation of the most probable wetting mechanism within a flow cell electrode.
The aim of this study is to develop nanometer-thin epoxy-based films on aluminium alloy AA2024-T3 as a model coating system for high resolution corrosion studies. Spin coating was used for the layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition of poly-(ethylenimine) (PEI) and poly([o-cresyl glycidyl ether]-co-formaldehyde) (CNER) bilayers. The film chemistry and the cross-linking process were characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).
Ellipsometric data confirmed the linear increase of film thickness. The potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) results indicate the improvement of the film barrier properties with increasing film thickness. Mapping of the topography and the volta potential was performed by means of scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy (SKPFM).
The results indicate the presence of a homogeneous film structure, while the intermetallic phases can still be identified below the coating. The SKPFM Analysis confirmed that the model films are suitable for investigation of corrosion processes at the coating/metal interface.
The application of characterization methods with high spatial resolution to the analysis of buried coating/metal interfaces requires the design and use of model systems. Herein, an epoxy-like thin film is used as a model coating resembling the epoxy-based coatings and adhesives widely used in technical applications. Spin coating is used for the deposition of a 30 nm-thin bilayer (BL) composed of poly-(ethylenimine) (PEI) and poly[(o-cresyl glycidyl ether)-co-formaldehyde] (CNER). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results confirm that the exposure of coated AA2024-T3 (AA) samples to the corrosive electrolyte solution does not cause the degradation of the polymer layer. In situ atomic force microscopy (AFM) studies are performed to monitor local corrosion processes at the buried interface of the epoxy-like film and the AA2024-T3 aluminum alloy surface in an aqueous electrolyte solution. Hydrogen evolution due to the reduction of water as the cathodic corrosion reaction leads to local blister formation. Based on the results of the complementary energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis performed at the same region of interest, most of the hydrogen evolved originates at the vicinity of Mg-containing intermetallic particles.
Preliminary results of an interlaboratory comparison on microplastics organised by plasticsfate
(2023)
Microplastics are everywhere in the environment, but analytics is challenging. Since harmonisation is missing as well es suitable reference materials, BAM did under th umbrella of VAMAS funded by the EU Horizon 2020 project PlasticsFate a ILC for microplastic detection methods. Methods adressed were IR, Raman, Py-GC/MS and TED-GC/MS. The talk gives a first presentation and evaluation on the results.
The talk summarizes challenges in microplastic analysis. It shows the preparation of microplastic reference materials as well as the testing on homogeneity and stability. The reference material is used in an international laboratory comparison to compare different detection methods used for microplastic analysis. The methods used were µ-IR (FTIR+LDIR) for number-based methods and TED-GC/MS and Py-GC/MS for mass-based methods. The ILC was done under the umbrella of VAMAS TWA 45. Results of the participants are presented.
Materials
(2022)
This presentation summarizes outcomes of the CUSP projects POLYRISK and PlasticsFatE according to thermoanalytical methods.It highlights the importants of analytical methods to measure physical and chemical properties of the test materials. These informations are neccessary for interpretation of the toxicological test results.
Der Vortrag wurde im Rahmen der Abschlusskonferenz des Forschungsschwerpunktes "Plastik in der Umwelt" des BMBF gehalten. Er fasst die Ergebnisse des Verbundprojektes RUSEKU zusammen. Es wurde die Herstellung verschiedener Testmaterialien für die Mikroplastik (MP) Analytik beschrieben. Im weiteren geht es um verschiedene Ansätze MP kostengünstig und schnell zu detektieren, z.B. mit Nahinfrarotspektroskopie. Nanoplastik konnte mit der Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie sichtbar gemacht werden. Für die praxisnahe Beprobung von Gewässern wurde die Fraktionierte Filtration entwickelt. Integrale Beprobungen können mit dem Sedimentationskasten erfolgen. Als Beispiele für die Beprobung realer Gewässer wurde das urbane Abwassersystem Kaiserslautern, Getränkewasser und Waschmaschinenwasser gezeigt.
Mikroplastik findet sich in Ozeanen, Seen, Flüssen und Bächen. Es kann in unserem Boden, in der Luft und sogar in Organismen nachgewiesen werden. Jedes Jahr werden weltweit Millionen Tonnen freigesetzt. Doch wo und wie landet Mikroplastik in der Umwelt? Und wie können wir diese winzigen Partikel nachweisen?
The pathways of plastics, especially of microplastic (MP), in environmental compartments, particularly in aquatic systems, are not well understood. The critical point is the lack of fast, harmonised methods for sampling, sample preparation and sample analysis. These three analytical steps are dependent on one another and must be optimised.
In recent years, we developed a method for representative sampling and fast detection of MP in aqueous systems. The sampling in different freshwater bodies is performed in the field with a fractionated filtration system using mesh sizes of 500, 100 and 50 µm. For water with an intermediate or high content of suspended particular matter a minimum of 1000 L has to be filtered. In the lab, mesh sizes of 10 and 5 µm are used for further filtration. Subsequently, the water filtrates of the different particle size classes are sterilised, dried, weighed and homogenised, if necessary.
Conventional methods for MP analysis are infrared and raman spectroscopy, giving information on the shapes and numbers of individually identified MP particles. Our focus is on the determination of mass contents of various polymers potentially contained in environmental samples. For qualitative and quantitative MP detection TED-GC-MS is used, a two-step method based on gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) with previous thermal extraction. This method not only enables us to screen the samples for characteristic marker-molecules, thus identifying single polymers, but furthermore allows the calculation of mass contents of individual polymers. In the present work, different freshwater compartments were exemplarily studied to identify containing polymers and calculate their mass content in MP particles.
The number of publications reporting the amount of microplastic (MP) all over the world increased rapidly. Methods used so far are very time consuming and not able to provide information on total contents. As harmonised sampling, sample preparation and analysis strategies are missing different studies can hardly be compared and quantitative data, including identification and mass contents of the polymers found, are missing. This leads to a lack of comprehensive understanding of MP occurrence, source and entry pathways into the environment.
We developed a method, Thermal Extraction/Desorption-Gaschromatography-Massspectrometry, as a fast screening method for MP analysis. Solid residues of water samples are heated up to 600 C under a N2 atmosphere without any sample preparation. The collected decomposition gases are separated in a gas chromatography system and detected in a mass spectrometer. Mass contents of the identified polymers can be calculated.
In this presentation we will show first results from the influent of the wastewater treatment plant Kaiserslautern (Germany) and its combined sewage system as possibly entry pathway. In order to determine the relevance of wastewater split streams analysis of grey water will be conducted. Samples are fractionally filtered by a sieve cascade with mesh sizes of 500, 100, 50 µm.
Material Selection Strategy
(2023)
All over the world, microplastic (MP) particles (particle size: 1 - 1.000 µm) are found in water, soil, air, biota and even food products. But plenty of these discussed findings are based on a very low number of real datasets, which are extrapolated to general projections. Furthermore, most data are not comparable because the strategies for sampling, sample preparation and detection methods are not harmonised/ or standardised. This would require extensive proficiancy tests. Because of the ubiquity presence and the unclear risks, which might arise from those particles, various political and environmental organisations (i.e. OECD, UNEP, WHO) identify the reduction of plastic entry in the environment as a key challenge for now and the future. This challenge includes the identification of relevant entry pathways but also the demand of harmonised, meaningful and reliable analytical procedures.
Regarding this task within the last few years, a fast practical solution for MP analysis has been developed, which includes the steps of representative sampling, adequate sample preparation and fast detection. Sampling is done by fractional filtration over sieves with mesh sizes of 500, 100, 50 and 5 µm [1]. The received samples are measured by ThermoExtraction/Desorption-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (TED-GC-MS) [1,2]. for the most abundant polymers used in practice, which are polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide (PA) and acrylate as well as styrene-butadiene-rubber (SBR), a main component of tires.
The present presentation will give first-time insight in a comprehensive dataset of microplastic analysis for an exemplary urban sewage system. MP mass contents of different waters at several days, such as greywater, stormwater retention tank, influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) within an urban sewage system in Germany are determined. Furthermore, the mass of the polymers found in dry weather and rain weather flow are compared. The use of these large datasets allows first expressive conclusions regarding the contribution of urban sewage system to the MP entry sources in the environments.
We found PP and PS in all different waters. Furthermore, there is SBR in influent and also in effluent of the WWTP. Surprisingly, we could also detect hugh amounts of PE in the effluent of the WWTP.
Detektion von Mikroplastik
(2022)
Seit einigen Jahren wird in den Medien viel über das Thema Mikroplastik (MP) diskutiert. Dabei wird häufig von einer großen Anzahl an MP-Partikeln in allen Bereichen der Umwelt, wie dem Wasser, dem Boden, der Luft und in Biota sowie über mögliche Gefahren ausgehend von MP, berichtet. Jedoch sind diese Studien häufig nicht untereinander vergleichbar, da verschiedene Konzepte der Probennahme, der Aufbereitung und unterschiedliche Detektionsverfahren verwendet werden. Um diesen Mangel an vergleichbaren und aussagekräftigen Daten zu beheben, wird aktuell versucht, eine Harmonisierung der Mikroplastikanalytik voranzutreiben. Neue, schnellere Methoden zur MP Quantifizierung wurden entwickelt. Gleichzeitig werden neue Strategien zur Probenahme und Probenvorbereitung konzipiert, da hier die Fehlerquellen besonders große Auswirkungen auf das Ergebnis haben.
In diesem Vortrag werden verschiedene Verfahren bezogen auf Probennahme, -vorbereitung und Analytik gezeigt und bezüglich ihres möglichen Ergebnisses diskutiert.
This report contains detailed information on the preparation of the reference material as well as on homogeneity and stability investigations of the property of interest, the equivalent particle diameter, and on the analytical methods to determine the additional properties. The values for particle size distribution are based on the results from laser diffraction measurements of 3 different devices with at least 3 replicate measurements of 4 randomly chosen units of the reference material P206.
Mikroplastik Detektion mit Thermoanalytischen Methoden: Analytik, Referenzmaterial, Ringversuche
(2024)
Ich dem Vortrag geht es um die Vorstellung von thermoanalytischen Methoden für die Mikroplastik-Detektion. Verschiedene Kopplungsmöglichkeiten werden gezeigt und die Funktionsweise der TED-GC/MS wird erklärt. Im zweiten Teil werden Referenzmaterialien für die Mikroplastik-Analytik diskutiert. PET -Tabletten des PlasticTrace Projektes werden vorgestellt. Am Ende wird der VAMAS Ringversuch zur Mikroplastik-Detektion gezeigt.
Zur Validierung und Harmonisierung von verschiedenen Methoden in der Mikroplastik-Analytik werden polymere Referenzmaterialien benötigt. In diesem Vortrag wird dargestellt, was bisher an der BAM zu Referenzmaterialien für die Mikroplastik-Analytik entwickelt wurde, wo es hingehen soll und ein Überblick über bisher gelaufene Vergleichsuntersuchungen gebracht.
Im Verbundprojekt RUSEKU wurde die Probenahme von Wasserproben entscheidend weiterentwickelt. Wichtig ist hierbei zu gewährleisten, dass genügend Merkmalsträger in jeder Probe untersucht werden. Es muss daher eine für den Probenahmeort repräsentative Beprobung hinsichtlich des Wasservolumens in Abhängigkeit der Partikelanzahl gewährleistet sein.
Das Hauptaugenmerk lag im vorliegenden Projekt auf einer praxisnahen Beprobungsstrategie. Es wurden verschiedene Konzepte ausprobiert.
• Grundsätzlich hat sich gezeigt, dass eine Stichprobe eine Momentaufnahme des MP-Massengehaltes zeigt. Es wird eine hohe Statistik, also eine Vielzahl an Messungen am gleichen Probenahmeort, benötigt, um eine valide Aussage über den MP-Gehalt zu machen.
• Es zeigt sich, dass eine integrale Probenahme über mehrere Wochen mit dem SK routinemäßig möglich ist. Die erfassten MP-Massen sind reproduzierbar und robust.
• Die DFZ ist für Stichproben geeignet. Partikel < 50 µm werden eventuell unterschätzt
• Die fraktionierte Filtration kann für Stich- und Mischproben direkt im Feld genutzt werden. Fraktionen von 10 und 5 µm werden später im Labor Vakuum filtriert. Es erfolgt eine Fraktionierung der Probe mit Siebmaschenweiten von 1000, 500, 100, 50, 10 und 5 µm.
• Die fraktionierte Filtration kann auch anschließend an die Beprobung mit dem SK zur Anwendung kommen. Wird die mit dem SK gewonnene Wasserprobe fraktioniert filtriert, kann neben einem MP-Gesamtgehalt auch eine Einschätzung über die Partikelgrößen gewonnen werden.
• Für Wässer mit geringen Partikelzahlen wurde ein Messfiltertiegel entwickelt. Dieser hat eine Maschenweite von 6 µm. Seine Anwendung kann mögliche Verluste beim Transferieren vom Probenahmetool zum Messgefäß und mögliche Kontaminationen reduzieren.
Die Optimierung der Probenahmestrategie wurde durch Modellversuche und Simulationen unterstützt. Modellversuche zum Sinkverhalten und Simulationen von MP in realen Gewässern verdeutlichten das komplexe Verhalten der Partikel. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass Partikel ab einer bestimmten Größe (und kleiner) bei genügend starker Turbulenz sich in der Wassersäule unabhängig von ihrer Dichte verhalten und so auch MP mit kleiner Dichte (z.B. PE) in der gesamten Wassersäule zu finden sind. Es konnte mit dem TEM die Existenz von NP gezeigt werden.
Ein wesentlicher Aspekt des RUSEKU Projektes war die Beprobung realer Kompartimente. Beprobt wurde neben Oberflächengewässern, das urbane Abwassersystem der Stadt Kaiserslautern, Waschmaschinenabwasser und Flaschenwasser.
• In Oberflächengewässern wurde hauptsächlich PE gefunden. Je nach Probe und Gewässer konnten auch PP, PS, PET, PA, SBR und Acrylate nachgewiesen werden.
• Im urbanen Abwassersystem der Stadt Kaiserslautern konnte an allen Probenahmestandorten MP nachgewiesen werden. Es wurde hauptsächlich PE, neben geringeren Mengen an PP, PS und SBR gefunden. Nach einem Regenereignis war der SBR Anteil deutlich erhöht.
• Die Beprobung eines realen Wäschepostens, bestehend aus T-Shirts und Hemden mit PA/CO oder PES/CO Mischgewebe, zeigte einen PA- und PES-Austrag im Waschwasser. Der überwiegende Teil der detektierten Fasern ist aber auf Baumwolle zurückzuführen. Reine gravimetrische Messungen zur Detektion von MP führen zu einer starken Überschätzung.
• In Flaschenwasser (PET-Flaschen) konnte MP detektiert werden. PET wurde nur im stillen Mineralwasser, nicht in Mineralwasser mit Kohlensäure gefunden werden. Teilweise wurde auch das MP-Material des Verschlusses im Wasser detektiert.
• Für Luftproben konnte ein Aufbau zur größenselektiven Beprobung getestet werden.
Neben der Probenahme hat das Projekt auch gezeigt, dass die TED-GC/MS geeignet für die MP-Detektion im Routinebetrieb ist. Die TED-GC/MS konnte weiter optimiert werden. Es wurden MP-Massen bestimmt.
Im Projekt wurden erste realitätsnahe Referenzmaterialien für die MP Detektion hergestellt. Die Herstellung von realitätsnahen Polymeren in ausreichender Homogenität und Menge hat sich als große Herausforderung herausgestellt.
Monitoring von Mikroplastik
(2021)
The occurrence of microplastic (MP) in food products, such as beverages in plastic bottles, is of high public concern. Existing analytical methods focus on the determination of particle numbers, requiring elaborate sampling tools, laboratory infrastructure and generally time-consuming imaging detection methods. A comprehensive routine analysis of MP in food products is still not possible. In the present work, we present the development of a smart filter crucible as sampling and detection tool. After filtration and drying of the filtered-off solids, a direct determination of the MP mass content from the crucible sample can be done by thermal extraction desorption gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (TED-GC/MS). The new filter crucible allows a filtration of MP down to particle sizes of 5 µm. We determined MP contents below 0.01 µg/L up to 2 µg/L, depending on beverages bottle type. This may be directly related to the bottle type, especially the quality of the plastic material of the screw cap. Dependent on the plastic material, particle formation increases due to opening and closing operations during the use phase. However, we have also found that some individual determinations of samples were subjected to high errors due to random events. A conclusive quantitative evaluation of the products is therefore not possible at present.
Zur Ermittlung von Mikroplastik-Gehalten in verschiedenen Umweltmatrices ist ein schnelles Detektionsverfahren für die Routineanalytik notwendig. Ein solches Verfahren wird hier in Form der ThermoExtraktion/Desorption-GasChromatographie/ MassenSpektroskopie (TED-GC/MS) vorgestellt. Neben grundlegenden verfahrensspezifischen Erläuterungen zur Identifizierung und Quantifizierung von Mikroplastik werden auch exemplarische Beispiele aus unterschiedlichen Umweltkompartimenten und Produkten dargestellt. Neu vorgestellt wird ein neues Verfahren zur Analytik von Flaschenwasser. Dazu wurde ein Messfiltertiegel entwickelt, der besonders für Proben mit geringen Gehalten an abfiltrierbaren Stoffen geeignet ist
Results from different methods applied to micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) analysis show that there are large gaps in harmonisation with respect to terminology, size classes, sample preparation protocols and, finally, to the comparability of the measurands and descriptors.
Within the European research cluster to understand the health impacts of micro- and nanoplastics (CUSP) working group WG3-Inter-Laboratory Comparisons an overview of the existing detection methods revealing advantages and disadvantages regarding the analytical tasks is being compiled. There is a clear need to develop high class characterized reference materials for MNPs in the size ranges of 100-10 µm and smaller than 10 µm, so that these can be used to validate methods and to make results comparable. Inter-laboratory comparisons (ILCs) on model samples with complex matrices regarding mass, or water samples for number-based methods, will help us to advance the process of harmonization as well as to train users early in process of developing new methods.
We plan to keep all five CUSP projects well-connected also with the 'outside' MNP projects and ILCs and to extract the optimum of needs, capabilities, and efforts in order to launch new VAMAS ILCs which should expand already available ones.
In recent years, thermoextraction/desorption-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (TED-GC/MS) has been developed as a rapid detection method for the determination of microplastics (MP) mass contents in numerous environmentally relevant matrices and, in particular, for the measurement of polymers in water samples without time-consuming sample preparation. The TED-GC/MS method was applied to investigate a typical European municipal wastewater system for possible MP masses. Such investigations are important in view of the recent revision of the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive. Four different representative sampling sites were selected: greywater (domestic wastewater without toilet), combined sewer, and influent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). All samples were collected by fractional filtration. Filtration was carried out over mesh sizes of 500, 100, 50, and in some cases, 5 µm. Polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) were detected in all samples, with the PE fraction dominating in all cases. Styrene-butadiene rubber which serves as an indication of tire abrasion, was only found in the influent of the WWTP. The highest MP mass contents were found in the combined sewer, so MP can become a source of pollution during heavy rain events when the capacity limits of the effluent are reached, and the polluted effluent is released uncontrolled into the environment. Based on the studies, MP retention from the WWTP could be estimated to be approximately 96%. Few trends in polymer type or mass contents were detected within the different fractions of the samples or when comparing samples to each other.
Zielsetzung des vom Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung geförderten Projektes RUSEKU war es, repräsentative Untersuchungsstrategien für die Detektion von Mikroplastik mittels TED GC/MS in wässerigen Medien zu ermitteln. Dabei wurden verschiedene Probenahmekonzepte und – verfahren für unterschiedliche Fallgestaltungen und Fragestellungen untersucht, sowie neue Filtersysteme entwickelt. Bei der Detektion der Partikel lag der Fokus auf der Anwendung und Weiterentwicklung der ThermoExtraktion/Desorption-Gaschromatographie-Massenspektrometrie (TED-GC/MS) zur Bestimmung von Mikroplastikgehalten. Anwendung fanden die Methoden bei der Beprobung von Flaschenwasser, Waschmaschinenabläufen, dem urbanen Abwassersystem der Stadt Kaiserslautern, sowie in Oberflächengewässer.
In this breakout session first, an introduction is given on the planning and organisation of an inter-laboratory comparison (ILC) under the pre-standardisation plattform VAMAS within the newly formed technical working area TWA 45 Micro and Nano Plastics in the Environment. An update with the ILCs on micro- and nanoplastic performed so far is also given. In the third part, the requirements for a reference materials are presented. The needs from the different H2020 micro- and nanoplastic projects are collected and compiled in an ILC matrix for joint activities as the next steps.
In the pursuit of discovering materials with desirable properties, extending the available material libraries is crucial. High-throughput simulations have become an integral part in designing new materials in the past decades. However, there is no straightforward way of distinguishing synthesizable materials from all the proposed candidates. This project focuses on employing AI-driven methods to estimate synthesizability of materials.
Up to now, material scientists and engineers have relied on domain knowledge as well as empirical heuristics to guess the stability and synthesizability of molecules and crystals. The famous Pauling rules of crystal stability are an example of such heuristics. However, after the accelerating material discovery in all the years since Pauling, these rules now fail to account for the stability of most known crystals. A new predictive set of heuristics for crystal stability/synthesizability is unlikely to be uncovered by human perception, given the magnitude and dimensionality of crystallographic data. Hence, a data-driven approach should be proposed to find a predictive model or set of heuristics which differentiate synthesizable crystal structures from the rest. The main challenge of this research problem is the lack of a negative set for classification. Here, there are two classes of data: the positive class which contains synthesizable materials and the negative class which contains materials which are not synthesizable. While the data from the positive class is simply the data of crystals which have been experimentally synthesized, we do not have access to data points which are certainly unsynthesizable. Strictly speaking, if an attempt of synthesizing a crystal fails, it does not necessarily follow that the crystal is not synthesizable. Also, there is no database available which contains the intended crystal structures of unsuccessful synthesis attempts.
This project proposes a semi-supervised learning scheme to predict crystal synthesizability. The ML model is trained on experimental and theoretical crystal data. The initial featurization focuses on local environments which is inspired by the Pauling Rules. The experimental data points are downloaded through the Pymatgen API from the Materials Project database which contains relaxed structures recorded in Inorganic Crystal Structure Database – ICSD. The theoretical data is queried from select databases accessible through the Optimade project’s API.
Biocide mitigation strategies of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in the oil and gas industry have been primarily used to eliminate the growths of sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM). However, methanogenic Archaea (MA) can also be highly corrosive by using iron as an electron source for methanogenesis. Because of the fundamental physiological differences between archaea and bacteria, responses of MA towards SRM-specific biocides cannot be deduced using SRM. Due to the lack of information available on the effect of biocides on corrosive MA, we selected THPS, glutaraldehyde, nitrate and perchlorate to compare against corrosive SRM.
Preliminary results showed that at low concentrations of THPS (0-10 ppm), growth of MA was not affected, methane production and corrosion rates (0.1 mm/yr) were comparable between the different THPS concentrations. On the contrary, the SRM strain showed decreased corrosion rates (0.18 mm/yr to 0.03 mm/yr) with increasing THPS concentrations. Further corrosion tests including electrochemical measurements of different biocides on the growth of MA and SRM will be conducted. Such knowledge not only provide important insights on the physiological response of MA to biocides but also contribute to more effective mitigation strategies that can be both economic and environmentally beneficial.
Currently, sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is regarded as the main culprit of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC), mainly due to the low reported corrosion rates of other microorganisms. For example, the highest reported corrosion rate for methanogens is 0.065 mm/yr. However, by investigating methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) using an in-house developed versatile multiport flow test column, extremely high corrosion rates were observed. We analyzed a large set of carbon steel beads, which were sectionally embedded into the test columns as substrates for iron-utilizing methanogen Methanobacterium IM1. After 14 days of operation using glass beads as fillers for section separation, the highest average corrosion rate of Methanobacterium IM1 was 0.2 mm/yr, which doubled that of Desulfovibrio ferrophilus IS5 and Desulfovibrio alaskensis 16109 investigated at the same conditions. At the most corroded region, nearly 80% of the beads lost 1% of their initial weight (fast-corrosion), resulting in an average corrosion rate of 0.2 mm/yr for Methanobacterium IM1-treated columns. When sand was used as filler material to mimic sediment conditions, average corrosion rates for Methanobacterium IM1 increased to 0.3 mm/yr (maximum 0.52 mm/yr) with over 83% of the beads having corrosion rates above 0.3 mm/yr. Scanning electron images of metal coupons extracted from the column showed methanogenic cells were clustered close to the metal surface. Methanobacterium IM1 is a hydrogenotrophic methanogen with higher affinity to metal than H2. Unlike SRB, Methanobacterium IM1 is not restricted to the availability of sulfate concentration in the environment. Thus, the use of the multiport flow column provided a new insight on the corrosion potential of methanogens, particularly in dynamic conditions, that offers new opportunities for monitoring and development of mitigation strategies. Overall, this study shows under certain conditions methanogenic archaea can cause higher corrosion than SRB, specific quantifications, i.e., maximum, average, and minimum corrosion rates can be determined, and that spatial statistical evaluations of MIC can be carried out.
Mechanical stress often accelerates the failure of polymer materials. The aim of this research is to study the interaction between the sealing material FKM and biofuels B10 (heating oil with 10% biodiesel). The mechanical stress test was carried out in a special apparatus. Both mechanical and non-mechanical stress tests were conducted on specimens at 20, 40, and 70 °C for 28 days to document changes in mass, volume, and tensile properties. Both increasing temperature and mechanical stress have a significant effect on the tensile strength of the FKM polymer when exposed to B10. The combination of increasing temperature and mechanical stress induced rupture within 2 h. It was also established that FKM polymer with pre-exposure in B10 survived longer during mechanical stress compared to specimens exposed only to air. With the support of infrared (IR) spectroscopy, we were able to confirm the penetration of B10 into the FKM polymer.
Niobium metal is the pure element with the highest superconducting critical temperature (T_c = 9.2 K), which is present in many applications. Particularly, in superconducting radio frequency (SRF) cavities of particle accelerators, the control of the surface characteristics of pure Nb is crucial, as the presence of defects may generate magnetic flux pinning that can increase by more than two orders of magnitude the surface critical current, ic. Several procedures such as chemical- or electro-polishing have been used aiming at cleaning surface contamination and decreasing its roughness. Sub-nanosecond lasers can be applied to generate a broad range of micro and nanostructures (e.g. Laser-Induced Periodic Surface Structures, LIPSS) that strongly modify the materials properties - as wettability, color, oxidation resistance or antibacterial behavior. In this work, we analyze a variety of surface structures generated on pure Nb sheets with different laser systems (UV, Vis and n-IR, fs and ps) by exploring a range of processing parameters. These include pulse overlap, irradiance or the effective number of pulses, under different atmospheres (air, N2, Ar, vacuum). The effects on Tc, critical currents and critical fields (Bc1, Bc2 and Bc3) have been obtained from magnetization, ac susceptibility and heat capacity measurements, revealing their dependence with the different surface nanostructures and the chemical changes generated with these laser treatments.
Supramolecular copolymerization driven by integrative self-sorting of hydrogen-bonded rosettes
(2020)
Molecular recognition to preorganize noncovalently polymerizable supramolecular complexes is a characteristic process of natural supramolecular polymers, and such recognition processes allow for dynamic self-alteration, yielding complex polymer systems with extraordinarily high efficiency in their targeted function. We herein show an example of such molecular recognition-controlled kinetic assembly/disassembly processes within artificial supramolecular polymer systems using six-membered hydrogen-bonded supramolecular complexes (rosettes). Electron-rich and poor monomers are prepared that kinetically coassemble through a temperature-controlled protocol into amorphous coaggregates comprising a diverse mixture of rosettes. Over days, the electrostatic interaction between two monomers induces an integrative self-sorting of rosettes. While the electron-rich monomer inherently forms toroidal homopolymers, the additional electrostatic interaction that can also guide rosette association allows helicoidal growth of supramolecular copolymers that are comprised of an alternating array of two monomers. Upon heating, the helicoidal copolymers undergo a catastrophic transition into amorphous coaggregates via entropy-driven randomization of the monomers in the rosette.
Highly anharmonic thermal vibrations may serve as a source of structural instabilities resulting in phase transitions, chemical reactions and even the mechanical disintegration of a material. Ab initio calculations model thermal motion within a harmonic or sometimes quasi-harmonic approximation and must be complimented by experimental data on temperature-dependent vibrational frequencies. Here multi-temperature atomic displacement parameters (ADPs), derived from a single-crystal synchrotron diffraction experiment, are used to characterize low-frequency lattice vibrations in the alpha-FOX-7 layered structure. It is shown that despite the limited quality of the data, the extracted frequencies are reasonably close to those derived from inelastic scattering, Raman measurements and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Vibrational anharmonicity is parameterized by the Grüneisen parameters, which are found to be very different for in-layer and out-of-layer vibrations.
The oxides, hydroxides, and oxo-hydroxides of iron belong to the most abundant materials on earth. They also feature a wide range of practical applications. In many environments, they can undergo facile phase transformations and crystallization processes.
Water appears to play a critical role in many of these processes. Despite numerous attempts, the role of water has not been fully revealed yet. We present a new approach to study the influence of water in the crystallization and phase transformations of iron oxides.
The approach employs model-type iron oxide films that comprise a defined homogeneous nanostructure. The films are exposed to air containing different amounts of water reaching up to pressures of 10 bar. Ex situ analysis via scanning electron microscopy, Transmission electron microscopy, selected area electron diffraction, and X-ray diffraction is combined with operando near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to follow water-induced changes in hematite nd ferrihydrite. Water proves to be critical for the nucleation of ematite domains in ferrihydrite, the resulting crystallite orientation, and the underlying crystallization mechanism.
Iron-based catalysts are employed in CO2-FTS due to their ability to convert CO2 into CO in a first step and their selectivity towards higher hydrocarbons in a second CO hydrogenation step. According to the literature, iron carbides represent the active phase for hydrocarbon formation and are claimed to emerge in the presence of CO. We propose nanostructured FeOx films as model systems to assess information about the complex phase transformations during CO2-FTS. Mesoporous hematite, ferrihydrite, maghemite, maghemite/magnetite films were exposed to CO2-FTS atmospheres at 20 bar and 300°C. Up to three distinct phases were observed depending on the timeon-stream (TOS): a sintered maghemite/magnetite phase, a carbidic core-shell structure, and a low-crystalline, needle-type oxide phase. Our findings indicate that the formation of an intermediary maghemite/magnetite phase, predominant after short TOS (30 h), precedes the evolution of the carbide phase.
Yet, even after prolonged TOS (185 h), no full conversion into a bulk carbide is observed.
A recent approach to measure electron radiation doses in the kGy range is the use of phosphors with an irradiation dose-dependent luminescence decay time. However, the applicability of the previously investigated material NaYF4:Yb3+,Er3+ is limited as it shows pronounced fading. Therefore, in this work, a modified SrF2 synthesis is presented that results in SrF2 nanoparticles codoped with Yb and either Er, Hm, or Tm. To assess their suitability as dosimeter material, dose response, as well as its degree of fading over 50 up to 140 days after irradiation were measured. Fading rates as small as 5% in SrF2:Er,Yb and 4% in SrF2:Ho,Yb were derived, which are comparable to established dosimeter materials. A combination of spectroscopy, diffraction and DFT calculations was used to elucidate the effect of irradiation, pointing towards the formation of a secondary phase of Yb2+ that we predict could be Yb2OF2. This irreversible formation of a secondary phase is considered to be the explanation for the low fading behavior in SrF2-based phosphors compared to NaYF4:Yb, Er, a highly attractive feature for electron beam dosimetry.
A novel cop olyme r based on supramolecular motif2,6-diaminopyridin e and water-soluble acrylamide, poly[N-(6-ace tamidopyridin-2-yl) acrylamide-co-acrylamide], was synthe-size d via rev ersible addi tion–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT)polymerization with various monomer compositions. The thermo-respon sive behavior of the copolymers was studied by turbidime-try and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The obtained copolymersshowed an upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-typ e phasetransition behavior in water and electrolyte solution. The phasetransition temperature was found to increase with decreasingam ount of acrylamide in the copolymer and increasing concentra-tion of the solution. Furth ermore, the phase transition temperatureva ried in aqueous solutions of electrolytes according to the naturean d concentration of the electrolyte in accordance with theHoffmeister series. A dramatic solvent isotope effect on thetransition temperature was o bserved in this study, as the transitiontemperature was almost 10–12C higher in D2OthaninH2Oatthesame concentration and acrylamide co mposition. The size of theaggregates below the transition temperature was larger in D2Ocompared to that in H2O that can be explained by deuterium iso-tope effect. The thermoresponsive behavior of the copolymers wasalso investigated in different cell medium and found to be exhibitedUCST-type phase transition behavior in different cell medium.Such behavior of the copo lyme rs can be useful in many a pplica-tions including biomedical, microfluidics, optical materials, and indrug delivery.
Combining experiments and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we study the conformational behavior of polyacrylamide (PAM) in aqueous alcohol mixtures over a wide range of temperatures. This study Shows that even when the microscopic interaction is dictated by hydrogen bonding, unlike its counterparts that present a lower critical solution temperature (LCST), PAM shows a counterintuitive tunable upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type phase transition in water/alcohol mixtures that was not reported before. The Phase transition temperature was found to be tunable between 4 and 60 1C by the type and concentration of alcohol in the mixture as well as by the solution concentration and molecular weight of the polymer. In addition, molecular dynamics simulations confirmed a UCST-like behaviour of the PAM in aqueous alcoholic solutions.
Additionally, it was observed that the PAM is more swollen in pure alcohol solutions than in 80% alcoholic solutions due to y-like behaviour. Additionally, in the globular state, the size of the aggregates was found to increase with increasing solvent hydrophobicity and polymer concentration of the solutions. Above ist Phase transition temperature, PAM might be present as individual polymer chains in the coil state (r10 nm). As PAM is a widespread polymer in many biomedical applications (gel electrophoresis, etc.), this finding could be of high relevance for many more practical applications in high performance pharmaceuticals and/or sensors.
The formation mechanisms of Pd-Os and Pt-Os alloys in the course of thermal decomposition of iso-formular and isostructural complex salts [Pd(NH3)4][OsCl6] and [Pt(NH3)4][OsCl6] in an inert atmosphere have been studied by in-situ QXAFS, XPS and PXRD. The mechanisms of thermal decomposition of the precursors are found to differ from each other, but the detected intermediate products show no significant effect on the local atomic structure around Os, Pt/Pd in their final products. A crystalline beta-trans-[Pd(NH3)2Cl2] intermediate of the first step of thermal decomposition of [Pd(NH3)4][OsCl6] makes the anion [OsCl6]2− transform differently than that of [Pt(NH3)4][OsCl6]. It transforms into a short-lived [Os(NH3)xCl6-x] (2≤x≤4), and then to a distorted octahedron [OsCl6]2−, similar to the high-temperature modification of OsCl4. In case of [Pt(NH3)4][OsCl6], the intermediate [Os(NH3)2Cl4] modifies into four chlorine coordinated Os,{OsCl4}0/1−. Consecutive reduction of Pd(II)/Pt(II) and Os(IV) to the metals defines the homophilic atomic order with the fcc-Pd covered by a random Pd-Os alloy layer and Os on the surface, that is supported by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Mictroscopy (HRTEM) and Scanning TEM (STEM) energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) data, and the diffusion direction going from the surface (hcp-Os) to bulk (fcc-Pd/Pt). As a result, the heterogeneous alloys are formed with a very similar electronic and local atomic structure of Os and Pd/Pt. Upon alloying, the Os 5d5/2,3/2 and Pt 5d5/2,3/2 levels are depleted in the Pt-Os alloys compared to dispersed hcp-Os, fcc-Pt, and Pt foil. This is an unusual behaviour for Os and Pt, calling into question the versatility of d-band theory in bimetallic Os-alloys. The spin-orbit effect at the Os site has been found for both the Pd-Os and Pt-Os alloys, but it is about 4 times less compared to the complex salts. The obtained values for the complex compounds are comparable with those for the iridates, proposed as materials with spin-orbit-induced properties.
Novel agar-based test electrolytes are used to perform electrochemical corrosion investigations on ZnFe and ZnNi binary as well as ZnFeMo ternary zinc coatings. The objectives of the electrochemical investigations include the characterization of the corrosion behavior, the description of the protective effect of the coatings as well as the investigation of the layer formation and degradation under artificial aging. ZnFe and ZnFeMo coatings are applied with varying iron content as well as an additional passivation layer, respectively, to study the effect on corrosion resistance. The results show that the protective effect of the coatings is not negatively influenced by different iron contents or the addition of molybdenum. Additional passivation of the ZnFe-containing coatings by means of a passivating agent leads to a significant improvement in the protective effect. Artificial aging leads to slight degradation of the additional passivation layer whereas coatings without post-treatment enhance their protective effect by the formation of corrosion product layers.
For the first time, lonsdaleite-rich impact diamonds from one of the largest Popigai impact crater (Northern Siberia) with a high concentration of structural defects are investigated under hydrostatic compression up to 25 GPa. It is found that, depending on the nature of a sample, the bulk modulus for lonsdaleite experimentally obtained by X-ray diffraction in diamond-anvil cells is systematically lower and equal to 93.3−100.5% of the average values of the bulk moduli of a diamond matrix. Density functional theory calculations reveal possible coexistence of a number of diamond/lonsdaleite and twin diamond biphases. Among the different mutual configurations, separate inclusions of one lonsdaleite (001) plane per four diamond (111) demonstrate the lowest energy per carbon atom, suggesting a favorable formation of single-layer lonsdaleite (001) fragments inserted in the diamond matrix. Calculated formation energies and experimental diamond (311) and lonsdaleite (331) powder X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that all biphases could be formed
under high-temperature, high-pressure conditions. Following the equation of states, the bulk modulus of the diamond (111)/lonsdaleite (001) biphase is the largest one among all bulk moduli, including pristine diamond and lonsdaleite.
A variety of methods used to prepare nano-objects for surface analysis are described along with information about when they might be best applied. Intrinsic properties of NPs which complicate their characterization and need to be considered when planning for surface or other analyses of NPs are identified, including challenges associated with reproducible synthesis and functionalization of the particles as well as their dynamic nature. The relevant information about the sample preparation processes, along with analysis details and data that need to be added to the collection of material provenance information is identified. Examples of protocols that have been successfully used for preparation of nano-objects for surface analysis are included in an annex.
The international ISO Standard 20579‐4, dealing with the history and preparation of nano‐objects for surface analysis, has been developed to help address some of the replication and reproducibility issues caused by the fundamental nature of nanoobjects.
Although all types of samples requiring surface analysis need thoughtful preparation, nano‐objects, for which many properties are controlled by their surfaces, present additional challenges in order to avoid variations and artefacts due to the handling and preparation of materials prior to analysis. This international standard is part of a series of standards related to preparation of samples for surface chemical analysis. Parts 1 and 2 of ISO Standard series 20579 address general issues that apply to many samples. Part 3, which is still in development, will focus on biomaterials. Part 4 specifically considers issues that arise due to the inherent nature of nano‐objects.
Because of sensitivity to their environment, the standard indicates the minimum Information that needs to be reported about the handling and preparation of nano‐objects prior to surface analysis. This information should become part of sample provenance information that helps assure the reliability and usefulness of data obtained from surface‐analysis in the context of the synthesis, processing, and analysis history of a batch of material. Application of this standard can help address reproducibility and traceability issues associated with synthesis, processing, and characterization of nano‐objects in research and commercial applications.
3D microstructures with sub-micron resolution can be manufactured in additive manner applying multi-photon laser structuring technique. This paper is focused on the incorporation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles into the photoresist in order to manufacture micrometer-sized devices featuring a magnetic moment. The aim of the project is to achieve untethered actuation of the presented objects through externally applied magnetic fields. Future medical application scenarios such as drug delivery and tissue engineering are targeted by this research.
Efforts are rising in opening up science by making data more transparent and more easily available, including the data reduction and evaluation procedures and code. A strong foundation for this is the F.A.I.R. principle, building on Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, and Reuse of digital assets, complemented by the letter T for trustworthyness of the data. Here, we have used data, which was made available by the Institute Laue-Langevin and can be identified using a DOI, to follow the F.A.I.R.+T. principle in extracting, evaluating and publishing triple axis data, recorded at IN3.
The large-scale mechanochemical reduction of binary sulfides chalcocite (Cu2S) and covellite (CuS) by elemental iron was investigated in this work. The reduction of Cu2S was almost complete after 360 min of milling, whereas in the case of CuS, a significant amount of non-reacted elemental iron could still be identified after 480 min. Upon application of more effective laboratory-scale planetary ball milling, it was possible to reach almost complete reduction of CuS. Longer milling leads to the formation of ternary sulfides and oxidation product, namely cuprospinel CuFe2O4. The rate constant calculated from the magnetometry measurements using a diffusion model for Cu2S and CuS reduction by iron in a large-scale mill is 0.056 min−0.5 and 0.037 min−0.5, respectively, whereas for the CuS reduction in a laboratory-scale mill, it is 0.1477 min−1. The nanocrystalline character of the samples was confirmed by TEM and XRD, as the produced Cu exhibited sizes up to 16 nm in all cases. The process can be easily scaled up and thus copper can be obtained much easier from refractory minerals than in traditional metallurgical approaches.
One of the biggest problems in high-voltage silicone rubber insulation cable accessories is the damage on electrical treeing, initiated by partial discharges. The electrical treeing starts at unavoidable imperfections inside the material or at interfaces. The damage is usually irreversible and leads around the starting points to a partial destruction of the material. To prolong the lifetime and thereby to increase the assurance of the structural component commonly, for mechanical improvement constituted filler is modified to obtain a self-healing silicone rubber. Damage mechanism is analysed to address the filler to the damage mode.
The main objective was to assess homogeneity of two bimodal gold materials, namely nPsize1 and nPSize2, containing approximately 1:1 and 10:1 particle number-based ratio of ~30nm and ~60nm particles. Particle number-based concentration within the two size fractions was determined with spICP-MS using the particle frequency method of calibration.
One aim of the EMPIR nPSize project 17NRM04 was to develop and validate three classes of candidate reference (test) materials (RTMs), with i) well-defined non-spherical shape, ii) relatively high polydispersity index, and iii) accurate particle concentrations.
To fulfil the requirements of the project, 11 different types of materials were prepared. Following the initial assessment of the materials suitability, nPSize5_PT_UNITO, nPSize6_AC_UNITO and nPSize7_GN_CEA materials were found unsuitable for the project, due to various reasons. PT material was deemed unsuitable due to its predominantly agglomerated nature. AC material contained relatively high amount of impurities (other particle forms). GN material was found too heterogeneous in both the length and width for the purpose of the project. The remaining 8 candidate RTMs were assessed for their homogeneity and stability and used for successful delivery of the associated activities within the nPSize project.
Fluorometric sensing is a versatile approach for trace analysis outside of the laboratory, requiring suitable sensor materials and their integration into sensing devices. The versatility of fluorophores as probes, especially in terms of the possibility to tailor their optical as well as their recognition properties by synthetic modifications in a wide range, renders them as superior active component for the preparation of optical sensing devices. Recent works at BAM in this field include, for example, the detection of nerve gas agents, illustrating impressively the aforementioned benefits of fluorophores in optical sensing applications.
In the interdisciplinary project presented here, we target hazardous gases such as ammonia, benzene, and hydrogen sulfide, next to others, which pose a major threat to human health and environmental safety and for which the availability of a sensitive and reliable detection method is highly desirable. The dyes presented follow a “turn-on” fluorescence schematic, which allows for the selective and sensitive detection of the respective gaseous analyte. The immobilization of the probe in polymeric matrices is then the next step toward the fabrication of a prototype device for molecular sensing. Further steps in the project include the assembly of instruments for test-atmosphere generation, the referencing of the sensor system, development and implementation of an optical setup, and the testing of the prototype device under laboratory conditions and in the field.
In this presentation, we give an overview over the recent developments on this topic in our groups. Highlights are hydrogen sulfide sensitive, BODIPY based transition metal complexes, which allow for a sensitive as well as selective detection of the toxic gas. In addition, we present a novel class of highly substituted BODIPY derivatives – pocket-BODIPYs – which are of a synthetically high versatility and can readily be modified to create pockets in the periphery of the molecule of defined geometries. This is illustrated on the successful encapsulation of benzene by a pocket-BODIPY derivative, confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis as well as by further spectroscopic and analytical methods.
A rigid aromatic phosphorus-containing hyperbranched flame retardant structure is synthesized from 10-(2,5 dihydroxyphenyl)-10H-9-oxa-
10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO-HQ), tris(4-hydroxyphenyl)phosphine oxide (THPPO), and 1,4-terephthaloyl chloride (TPC). The resulting poly-(DOPO-HQ/THPPO-terephthalate) (PDTT) is implemented as a flame retardant into an epoxy resin (EP) at a 10 wt% loading. The effects on EP are compared with those of the monomer DOPO-HQ and triphenylphosphine oxide (OPPh3) as low molar mass flame retardants. The glass transition temperature, thermal decomposition, flammability (reaction to small flame), and burning behavior of the thermosets are investigated using differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry, UL 94-burning chamber testing, and cone calorimeter measurements.
Although P-contents are low at only 0.6 wt%, the study aims not at attaining V-0, but at presenting a proof of principle: Epoxy resinswith PDTT show promising fire performance, exhibiting a 25% reduction in total heat evolved (THE), a 30% reduction in peak heat release rate (PHRR) due to flame inhibition (21% reduction in effective heat of combustion (EHC)), and an increase in Tg at the same time. This study indicates that rigid aromatic hyperbranched polymeric structures offer a promising route toward multifunctional flame retardancy.