5 Werkstofftechnik
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (427)
- Posterpräsentation (114)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (72)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (61)
- Forschungsdatensatz (22)
- Buchkapitel (11)
- Dissertation (10)
- Forschungsbericht (7)
- Sonstiges (6)
- Sammelband (Herausgeberschaft für den kompletten Band) (3)
Sprache
- Englisch (574)
- Deutsch (158)
- Mehrsprachig (3)
- Französisch (2)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (737) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Additive Manufacturing (50)
- Corrosion (45)
- Additive manufacturing (39)
- Microstructure (26)
- Glass (25)
- Ontology (24)
- Creep (23)
- Fatigue (22)
- Transmission electron microscopy (18)
- Crack growth (16)
- LCF (16)
- CCS (15)
- Additive Fertigung (14)
- Ceramics (14)
- Degradation (14)
- 316L (13)
- EBSD (12)
- Ontologie (12)
- Sintering (12)
- Aluminium (11)
- Ceramic (11)
- Alloy 2618A (10)
- Coarsening (10)
- Fraktographie (10)
- Machine Learning (10)
- Particle size (10)
- Ti-6Al-4V (10)
- CCUS (9)
- CO2 (9)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (9)
- Mikrostruktur (9)
- Oxidation (9)
- Steel (9)
- VSSA (9)
- Crystal plasticity (8)
- Crystallization (8)
- DCB (8)
- Diffraction (8)
- Digitalisierung (8)
- EN AW-2618A (8)
- Fractography (8)
- Glass fiber reinforced polymers (8)
- High entropy alloys (8)
- Kriechen (8)
- Martensitic steel (8)
- Nanoparticles (8)
- Slurry (8)
- Thermoelectrics (8)
- Anisotropy (7)
- FAIR (7)
- Glas (7)
- Mechanical testing (7)
- Plattform MaterialDigital (7)
- Powder (7)
- S-phase (7)
- Scanning electron microscopy (7)
- Semantic Web Technologies (7)
- Vickers (7)
- Water speciation (7)
- Zugversuch (7)
- Aluminium alloy (6)
- CALPHAD (6)
- Composite (6)
- Digitalization (6)
- Electron microscopy (6)
- Geothermal (6)
- High temperature corrosion (6)
- High-temperature corrosion (6)
- In situ (6)
- Nano powder (6)
- Nickel-base superalloys (6)
- Schädigung (6)
- Soda-lime silicate glass (6)
- Sulfidation (6)
- Supercritical/dense phase CO2 (6)
- TMF (6)
- Thermomechanical fatigue (6)
- Wind turbine blades (6)
- 3D printing (5)
- AGIL (5)
- AISI 316L (5)
- Aging (5)
- Alterung (5)
- Betriebsfestigkeit (5)
- CCU (5)
- CO2 quality (5)
- Carbon steel (5)
- Carbon steels (5)
- Damage (5)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DFTEM) (5)
- Droplet corrosion (5)
- Fe-Al alloys (5)
- Full Notch Creep Test (5)
- Hydrogen (5)
- Impurities (5)
- Intermetallics (5)
- Iron aluminides (5)
- Keramik (5)
- Knowledge Representation (5)
- Layerwise slurry deposition (5)
- Lebensdauer (5)
- Microgravity (5)
- Mikroplastik (5)
- Neutron diffraction (5)
- Non-destructive testing (5)
- Normung (5)
- PMD Core Ontology (5)
- Polymer matrix composites (5)
- Residual stress (5)
- Sandwich (5)
- Schadensanalyse (5)
- Superaustenite steel (5)
- TEM (5)
- Tensile Test (5)
- Water content (5)
- Wissensrepräsentation (5)
- X-ray diffraction (5)
- Alkali ions (4)
- Alkali zinc borate glasses (4)
- Alumina (4)
- Bildanalyse (4)
- Carbon capture (4)
- Composites (4)
- Creep behavior (4)
- Data Fusion (4)
- Data Interoperability (4)
- Diesel (4)
- Environmental stress cracking (4)
- Ermüdung (4)
- FAIR data management (4)
- Fatigue crack growth (4)
- Fracture surface (4)
- Full-Notch Creep Test (FNCT) (4)
- Gassensorik (4)
- Heat treatment (4)
- High Cycle Fatigue (4)
- High alloyed steel (4)
- High entropy alloy (4)
- High temperature (4)
- In-space manufacturing (4)
- Inconel 686 (4)
- Knowledge graph and ontologies (4)
- LTCC (4)
- Laser powder bed fusion (4)
- Mechanical properties (4)
- NTE (4)
- Nano (4)
- Ni-Resist (4)
- Oxidglas (4)
- P92 (4)
- PE-HD (4)
- Pipeline (4)
- Pipeline network (4)
- Polyaniline (4)
- Polymer (4)
- Reference data (4)
- Residual Stress (4)
- SEM (4)
- Scale-bridging (4)
- Scarf repairs (4)
- Selective laser melting (4)
- Semantic Interoperability (4)
- Shear modulus (4)
- Simulation (4)
- Surface (4)
- TED-GC-MS (4)
- Tensile test (4)
- Thermomechanics (4)
- Virtual experiments (4)
- Viscosity (4)
- Young's modulus (4)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (4)
- 3D (3)
- Ab-initio (3)
- Advanced ceramics (3)
- Aluminium Alloy (3)
- Binder Jetting (3)
- CFK (3)
- CLS (3)
- Carbon capture storage (3)
- Carbon dioxide (3)
- Ceramic spring (3)
- Chemically complex alloy (3)
- Coating (3)
- Computed Tomography (3)
- Concrete (3)
- Corrosion Fatigue (3)
- Crack (3)
- Crack Propagation (3)
- Crack tip opening displacement (3)
- Creep data (3)
- Creep-fatigue (3)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (3)
- Dielectric strength (3)
- Diffusion (3)
- Digitaler Zwilling (3)
- Diopside (3)
- Elastic modulus (3)
- Environmental Stress Cracking (3)
- FIB (3)
- Ferritic-martensitic steels (3)
- Foaming (3)
- Fracture Toughness (3)
- GD-OES (3)
- Gold nanoparticles (3)
- H2Safety@BAM (3)
- High temperature mechanical properties (3)
- High-density polyethylene (3)
- High-entropy alloys (3)
- Infrarotspektroskopie (3)
- Inverted classroom (3)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (3)
- Korrosion (3)
- Layerwise Slurry Deposition (3)
- Lightweight materials (3)
- Lithium Ion Batteries (3)
- Luftultraschall (3)
- ML (3)
- Mechanical behavior (3)
- Mechanische Eigenschaften (3)
- Metadata schema (3)
- Microplastics (3)
- Microstructure Design (3)
- Modeling (3)
- Nano-powder (3)
- Orientation (3)
- Oxide Glasses (3)
- PMDco (3)
- Pitting (3)
- Pulveraktivkohle (3)
- REM (3)
- Recommendations (3)
- Referenzdaten (3)
- Rotor blade (3)
- Roughness (3)
- Röntgenrefraktion (3)
- Sample preparation (3)
- Semantic Web (3)
- SiO2 (3)
- Silicate Glasses (3)
- Sol-gel (3)
- Solid-state (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- Superalloy (3)
- Superlegierung (3)
- Syngle Crystal alloy (3)
- TDEP (3)
- Temperature (3)
- Tempered Martensite Ferritic Steels (3)
- Tensile data (3)
- Texture (3)
- Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue (3)
- Thermogravimetrie (3)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (3)
- Ultrasound (3)
- Utilization (3)
- Wasser (3)
- Welding (3)
- Whole-chain CCS scenario (3)
- Wind energy (3)
- Wind turbine blade shells (3)
- Windenergie (3)
- XRD (3)
- μ-gravity (3)
- 3D Druck (2)
- 3D-printing (2)
- AM (2)
- Additiv gefertigter Stahl (2)
- Adiabatic calorimeter (2)
- Agglomerates (2)
- Aggressive environment (2)
- Air-coupled ultrasonic testing (2)
- Airborne ultrasonic testing (2)
- Al-Cu-Li alloys (2)
- Aluminum (2)
- Aluminum alloys (2)
- Analysis (2)
- Analytische Zentrifuge (2)
- Annealing (2)
- Aquifer (2)
- Automation (2)
- Belebtschlamm (2)
- Biodiesel (2)
- Biofilm (2)
- Bond energy (2)
- Brinell hardness (2)
- CO2-storage (2)
- CT (2)
- Calcium cobaltite (2)
- Calciumcobaltit (2)
- Calciummanganat (2)
- Capture (2)
- Carbon (2)
- Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics (2)
- Carbon storage (2)
- Casting (2)
- CeO2 (2)
- Cement (2)
- Ceria (2)
- Characterization (2)
- Chromium oxide (2)
- Coatings (2)
- Compositionally complex alloys (2)
- Condensation (2)
- Copper (2)
- Copper alloys (2)
- Corrosion fatigue (2)
- Crack evolution (2)
- Crack propagation (2)
- Crack propagation analysis (2)
- Creep-Fatigue (2)
- Crevice corrosion (2)
- Cross linking (2)
- Crystal orientation (2)
- Cure process (2)
- DLS (2)
- Data Management (2)
- Data Structures (2)
- Data management (2)
- Data mapping (2)
- Dataset (2)
- Datenbank (2)
- Dehnungsfehler (2)
- Density (2)
- Depth-profiling (2)
- Destabilization (2)
- Deuterium (2)
- Dielectric breakdown (2)
- Diffraction Enhanced Imaging (2)
- Diffusion coefficient (2)
- Digital image correlation (2)
- Digital material representation (2)
- Digitization (2)
- Digtial Representation (2)
- Dislocation (2)
- Dislocations (2)
- Dispersion process (2)
- Distribution function (2)
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) (2)
- EDX (2)
- EDXRD (2)
- Electron beam induced modification (2)
- Electron-beam-induced modification (2)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (2)
- Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) (2)
- Environmental stress cracking (ESC) (2)
- Epoxy (2)
- Erneuerbare Energien (2)
- Extensometer (2)
- FAIR data (2)
- Fahrrad (2)
- Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunde (2)
- Faserkunststoffverbunde (2)
- Faseroptische Sensorik (2)
- Fatigue of sandwich shell structures (2)
- FeCr- alloys (2)
- Ferroelectret (2)
- Ferroelektret (2)
- Fiber reinforced polymer (2)
- Fracture (2)
- Fracture Surface Analysis (2)
- Fracture surface analysis (2)
- Fraktografie (2)
- GFK (2)
- Geführte Ultraschallwellen (2)
- Gitterkonstanten (2)
- GlasDigital (2)
- Glass composition (2)
- Glass powder (2)
- Glass-ceramics (2)
- Grain boundary engineering (2)
- HIP (2)
- Hard machining (2)
- Hardness (2)
- High Alloyed Steel (2)
- High Entropy Alloy (2)
- High Temperature Corrosion (2)
- High Temperature Testing (2)
- High-entropy alloy (2)
- Hochentropie-Legierung (2)
- Hochtemperatur (2)
- Hydrogen permeation (2)
- IN 718 (2)
- IN718 (2)
- IR (2)
- ISRU (2)
- Imaging techniques (2)
- In situ tensile test (2)
- In-situ (2)
- Infrastructure (2)
- Injection (2)
- Interface (2)
- Internal friction (2)
- Joined nickel-based alloys (2)
- Kavitation (2)
- Keramikfeder (2)
- Kikuchi (2)
- Kleinprobenprüfung (2)
- Kontrastierung (2)
- L-PBF (2)
- LSD-print (2)
- Laminography (2)
- Laser (2)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (2)
- Laser ablation in liquid (2)
- Laser beam melting (2)
- Laser cladding (2)
- Lattice misfit (2)
- Lattice parameters (2)
- Layerwise (2)
- Lead borate glasses (2)
- Leckdetektion (2)
- Long-term behavior (2)
- Low cycle fatigue (2)
- Lunar habitat (2)
- Lunar regolith simulant (2)
- Manganese oxide (2)
- Material Digital (2)
- Material digital (2)
- Metal seal (2)
- Metrologie zur Wasserstoffspeicherung (2)
- Micromechanical model (2)
- Microstrucrue Design (2)
- Microstructural analysis (2)
- Microstructural characterization (2)
- Microstructure analysis (2)
- Microstructure evolution (2)
- Microstructure-property-correlation (2)
- Mikrostrukturentwicklung (2)
- Mixed gas atmosphere (2)
- Monte-Carlo Simulation (2)
- Multilayer (2)
- Multilayer technology (2)
- Multilayertechnik (2)
- NDT (2)
- NFDI (2)
- Nano particle (2)
- Nano screening (2)
- Nanomaterial (2)
- Nanopulver (2)
- Notches (2)
- OECD TG 124 (2)
- Ontologien (2)
- Ontology development (2)
- Oxidation behavior (2)
- PMD (2)
- Partikelgrößenverteilung (2)
- Paving (2)
- Phase change material (2)
- Phase-field simulation (2)
- Phasenidentifikation (2)
- Photon counting detector (2)
- Pipelines (2)
- Plattform Material Digital (2)
- Polyethylen (2)
- Polyethylen hoher Dichte (2)
- Polyethylene, PE-HD (2)
- Polymer Matrix Composites (2)
- Porosity (2)
- Precipitation (2)
- Probengrößeneffekt (2)
- Process monitoring (2)
- Protective coating (2)
- Präparation (2)
- Push-out Test (2)
- Ratio refinement (2)
- Reaction sintering (2)
- Reference material (2)
- Residual Stresses (2)
- Residual stresses (2)
- Ressidual stress (2)
- Rissentwicklung (2)
- Risswachstum (2)
- Roboter (2)
- Robotische Glasschmelzanlage (2)
- Rotorblattschalen (2)
- Round Robin (2)
- Röntgen-Refraktion (2)
- Röntgenbeugung (2)
- S355 steel sheet (2)
- SAXS (2)
- SIMS (2)
- SLM (2)
- Salt eutectics (2)
- Schadensprävention (2)
- Selective Laser Melting (2)
- Self-healing (2)
- Semantic Representation (2)
- Semantisches Web (2)
- SensRef (2)
- Sensorik (2)
- Sibayak (2)
- Silicon Carbide (2)
- Silver diffusion (2)
- Silver nanoparticle (2)
- Silver-glass-metallization-paste (2)
- Sinter additive (2)
- Sintering additives (2)
- Sintern (2)
- Size distribution (2)
- Sol-gel coating (2)
- Solar sintering (2)
- Solubility (2)
- Spannungs-Dehnungs-Verhalten (2)
- Spannungsriss (2)
- Spray drying (2)
- Spring constant (2)
- Standard (2)
- Standardisierung (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Starch (2)
- Starch nanoparticle (2)
- Storage (2)
- Stress relaxation (2)
- Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) (2)
- Struktur (2)
- Sulfiding (2)
- Supercritical CO2 (2)
- Surface Energy (2)
- Surface crystallization (2)
- Surface energy (2)
- Synchrotron Tomography (2)
- Synchrotronstrahlung (2)
- Synthetic air (2)
- Temperaturschwankungen (2)
- Tensile Properties (2)
- Tensile testing (2)
- Thermal Spray (2)
- Thermal energy storage (2)
- Thermoanalyse (2)
- Thermoelectric (2)
- Thermographie (2)
- Thermogravimetry (2)
- Thermomechanik (2)
- Thermoplastic (2)
- Thermoset polymers (2)
- Ti64 (2)
- TiAl5V4 (2)
- Titan (2)
- Titanium (2)
- Titanium oxide (2)
- ToF-SIMS (2)
- Topografie (2)
- Topographie (2)
- Topography (2)
- Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (2)
- Transparent ceramics (2)
- Tribologie (2)
- Two Photon Polymerization (2)
- UV-irradiation (2)
- Viscoplasticity (2)
- Wall thickness (2)
- Wandler (2)
- Weibull Distribution (2)
- Werkstoffprüfung (2)
- Wind turbine (2)
- Wood protection (2)
- X-Ray Diffraction (2)
- X-ray laminography (2)
- X-ray refraction (2)
- XANES (2)
- Zero-g (2)
- Zugeigenschaften (2)
- corrosion (2)
- robotische Glasschmelzanlage (2)
- µ-gravity (2)
- Öffentliche Sicherheit (2)
- 150 Years (1)
- 2PP (1)
- 3D REM (1)
- 3D Reconstruction (1)
- 3D glass structure model (1)
- 3D imaging (1)
- 3D materialography (1)
- 5G (1)
- 9-12% Cr ferritic-martensitic steels (1)
- 9–12%Cr steel (1)
- AFM (1)
- AFM based test methods (1)
- AISI 304L (1)
- ATZ (1)
- Abgasturbolader Heißteile (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Accelerated integration scheme (1)
- Acid-leaching (1)
- Acids (1)
- Active thermography (1)
- Additive manufactured Ni-base superalloys (1)
- Adiabatic shear bands (1)
- Adolf Martens (1)
- Advanced manufacturing (1)
- Advanced wastewater treatment (1)
- Aerospace (1)
- Age hardening (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aggressive environement (1)
- Aggressive gases (1)
- Aging mechanisms (1)
- Al-Li alloys (1)
- Al2CuMg (1)
- Al2O3 (1)
- Alkali zinc borate glass (1)
- Alkali-activated materials (1)
- Allgemeine Grundlagen (1)
- Alloy 2818A (1)
- Alpha-tricalcium phosphate (1)
- Alumina toughened zirconia (1)
- Aluminiumlegierung (1)
- Aluminosilicate glasses (1)
- Aluminum alloy (1)
- Amorphous silica (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Analytical services (1)
- Analytik (1)
- Anhydrite (1)
- Anticorrosion (1)
- Anwendungen (1)
- Artefact (1)
- Atacama Desert (1)
- Atmospheric Plasma Spraying (1)
- Atmospheric plasma spraying (1)
- Atomic packing factor (1)
- Atomization (1)
- Aufbau von Festkörpern (1)
- Aussonderugnsrate (1)
- Austenitic cast iron (1)
- Austenitic stainless steel (1)
- Austenitic steel (1)
- Austenitic steel 316L (1)
- Austenitischer Stahl (1)
- Automated finite element analysis (1)
- Automatische Finite Element Simulation (1)
- BCS (1)
- BET (1)
- BTS (1)
- Beanspruchung (1)
- Berstdruck (1)
- Biaxial strength (1)
- Bilanzierung (1)
- Binder jetting (1)
- Bio Ceramics (1)
- Bio-ceramic engineering (1)
- Bioactive Glass (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Bioceramic (1)
- Bioceramics (1)
- Bioresorbable (1)
- Blended learning (1)
- Blähen (1)
- Boden (1)
- Borate glasses (1)
- Breakdown strength (1)
- Brittle / ductile fracture behavior (1)
- Brittle fracture (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- Bruch (1)
- Bruchflächen (1)
- Bruchflächenanalyse (1)
- Bruchflächenauswertung (1)
- Bundesoberbehörden (1)
- Burst test (1)
- CALPHAD databases analysis (1)
- CMSX4 (1)
- CO2 Corrosion (1)
- CO2-Speicherung (1)
- CO2-corrosion (1)
- Cabon capture and storage (1)
- Calcination (1)
- Calcium manganate (1)
- Calcium sulfates (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Cantor alloy (1)
- Carbidic austempered ductile iron (1)
- Carbon steels (1)
- Carbon Capture (1)
- Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) (1)
- Carbon Fibers (1)
- Carbon capture and storage (1)
- Carbon fibre-reinforced-plastics (1)
- Catalogue of services (1)
- Ccs (1)
- Centrifugal casting (1)
- Centrifugal compressor wheel (1)
- Ceramic multilayer (1)
- Ceramic nano particles (1)
- Ceramic springs (1)
- Ceramics 3D printing (1)
- Certification Standard 22 (1)
- Certified Referencematerial (1)
- Cetrifugal Liquid Sedimentation CLS (1)
- Charpy test (1)
- Chemically Complex Alloy (1)
- Chemically complex alloys (1)
- Chemische Analyse (1)
- Chemo-mechanical coupling (1)
- Chemometrie (1)
- Chromatography (1)
- Chromia (1)
- Co-axial monitoring (1)
- Co-firing (1)
- Co-segregation (1)
- Co2-Storage (1)
- Complex borides (1)
- Complex concentrated alloy (CCA) (1)
- Complex loading (1)
- Component assessment (1)
- Composite pressure vessels (1)
- Composite structures (1)
- Composite testing (1)
- Computed tomography (1)
- Concrete 3D-printing (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Continnum damage model (1)
- Cooling simulations (1)
- Corrosion and storage (CCUS) technology (1)
- Corrosion mechanism (1)
- Corrosion resistance (1)
- Coulomb explosion (1)
- Covid-19 (1)
- Cow stress (1)
- Coûts de la corrosion (1)
- Cr2O3 (1)
- CrMnFeCoNi (1)
- Crack healing (1)
- Creep anisotropy (1)
- Creep behaviour (1)
- Creep, Creep Rupture, and Stress Rupture (1)
- Critical energy release rate (1)
- Crop protection formulations (1)
- Crystal Defects (1)
- Crystal Orientation (1)
- Crystal Plasticity Modelling (1)
- Crystal lattice (1)
- Cubical Iron Oxide (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- Cycle jump (1)
- Cyclic R-Curve (1)
- Cyclic loading (1)
- Cyclic oxidation (1)
- Cyclic softening (1)
- DED-L (1)
- DIN (1)
- Damage Behavior (1)
- Damage Tolerance (1)
- Damage evolution (1)
- Damage mechanisms (1)
- Data Exchange (1)
- Data Integration (1)
- Data Mapping (1)
- Data analysis (1)
- Data format (1)
- Data fusion (1)
- Data linking (1)
- Data space (1)
- Data storage (1)
- Data structure (1)
- Datenfusion (1)
- Datenmanagement (1)
- Datenökosystem (1)
- Deep learning (1)
- Defect detection (1)
- Defects (1)
- Defects phase diagram (1)
- Defects thermodynamics (1)
- Deformation behavior (1)
- Demonstrators (1)
- Dense phase (1)
- Density-based Model (1)
- Density-based Thermodynamics (1)
- Density-based model (1)
- Density-based phase-field modelling (1)
- Dental (1)
- Dentine (1)
- Design of experiment (1)
- Die casting (1)
- Dielectric Spectroscopy (1)
- Dielectric breakdown strength (1)
- Dielectric characterization (1)
- Dielectric properties (1)
- Diffraction Elastic Constants (1)
- Diffraction contrast (1)
- Diffusivity (1)
- Digital representation (1)
- Dislocation substructure (1)
- Disordered assemblies (1)
- Dissimilar metal weld (1)
- Dissolved water (1)
- Distributed fiber optic sensors (1)
- Distributed fibre optic sensors (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Driving physical mechanism (1)
- Droplet (1)
- Druckgasspeicher (1)
- Dual-energy (1)
- Ductile iron (1)
- Durchschlagfestigkeit (1)
- Dwell-Fatigue (1)
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (1)
- Dynamisch Mechanische Analyse (1)
- EAC-1A (1)
- EASA (1)
- EC4SafeNano (1)
- EIS (1)
- EN AW 2618A a (1)
- Early oxidation (1)
- Eigenschaften (1)
- Eigenspannung (1)
- Elastic constants (1)
- Elastic microstructure (1)
- Elasticity (1)
- Electric field distribution (1)
- Electric field strength (1)
- Electrical insulation (1)
- Electrochemical deposition (1)
- Electrochemical dressing (1)
- Electromicroscopy (1)
- Electron Backscatter Diffraction (1)
- Electron Microscopy (1)
- Electron backscatter diffraction (1)
- Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) (1)
- Electron beam-induced fragmentation (1)
- Electron diffraction (1)
- Electron energy (1)
- Electropolishing (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (ELN) (1)
- Elektrotechnische Grundlagen (1)
- Enamel (1)
- Endurance Limit (1)
- Energiedisersive Röntgenspektroskopie (1)
- Energiespeicherung (1)
- Energiewende (1)
- Energy distribution (1)
- Energy harvesting (1)
- Energy transition (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Environmentally assisted cracking (1)
- Epoxidharz (1)
- Ermüdungsriss (1)
- Etching (1)
- European Centre (1)
- Explosionsschutz (1)
- FAIR Data (1)
- FAIR Data Management (1)
- FCH JU (1)
- FNCT (1)
- Fabrication method (1)
- Failure test (1)
- Faser (1)
- Faser-Kunststoff-Verbund (1)
- Faseroptik (1)
- Faserverstärkte Kunstoffe (1)
- Fatigue Crack Growth (1)
- Fatigue Life Evaluation (1)
- Fatigue crack propagation (1)
- Fatigue damage (1)
- Fatigue fracture (1)
- Fatigue of sandwich structures (1)
- Fatigue performance (1)
- Federkonstante (1)
- Feldspar (1)
- Fem (1)
- Ferritic Alloys (1)
- Fertigungsprozess (1)
- Fertigungstechnologie (1)
- Festigkeit (1)
- Fiber (1)
- Fiber reinforced polymers (1)
- Film depositition (1)
- Fine Powder (1)
- Finite element analysis (1)
- Finite elmenet simulation (1)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (1)
- First year students (1)
- Flipped classroom (1)
- Flow Coefficient (1)
- Flowability (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Focused Ion Beam (1)
- Focussed ion beam growth (1)
- Foliengießen (1)
- Force-distance diagram (1)
- Formerkennung (1)
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Fracture Mechanics (1)
- Fracture behavior (1)
- Fracture mechanics (1)
- Fracture surface energy (1)
- Fracture toughness (1)
- Fragility (1)
- Freeze Drying (1)
- Fresnoit (1)
- Full Notch Creep Test (FNCT) (1)
- Full-Notch Creep Test (1)
- Full-notch creep test (1)
- Functional fatigue (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Fused Filament Fabrication (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GFRP (1)
- Gas flow assisted powder deposition (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gasabgabe (1)
- Gasdetektion (1)
- Gasgehalt (1)
- Gasturbinen (1)
- Gefüge (1)
- Gefüge (Werkstoffkunde) (1)
- Gefügeuntersuchung (1)
- Gefügte Nickelbasislegierungen (1)
- General Aviation (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- Geometrical factors (1)
- Geopolymers (1)
- Gitterfehlpassung (1)
- Glas fibre reinforced polymer (1)
- Glasfaserverstärkter Kunststoff (1)
- Glasmatrixkomposit (1)
- Glass Fibres (1)
- Glass ceramic (1)
- Glass fiber reinforced polymer (1)
- Glass fibre reinforced plastics (1)
- Glass forming (1)
- Glass liner (1)
- Glass matrix composite (1)
- Glass melt (1)
- Glass melting (1)
- Glass screening device (1)
- Glass structure (1)
- Glass transformation temperature (1)
- Glass-ceramic (1)
- Glasspeicher (1)
- Gleichgewicht (1)
- Gold nanoparticle synthesis (1)
- Gradient-enhanced damage (1)
- Grain boundaries (1)
- Granules (1)
- Granulometrie (1)
- Graphic design (1)
- Grundlagen des Maschinenbaus (1)
- Grünfolieneigenschaften (1)
- Gypsum (1)
- HCF (1)
- HDPE Soprption (1)
- HDPE Sorption (1)
- HEA (1)
- HV-Insulation (1)
- Hardness test (1)
- Hartbearbeitung (1)
- Heat Treatment (1)
- Heat Treatments (1)
- Heißgasextraktion (1)
- Heißgaskorrosion (1)
- High - temperature corrosion (1)
- High Entropy Alloys (1)
- High Voltage Insulation (1)
- High alloyed steels (1)
- High cycle fatigue (1)
- High entropy superalloys (1)
- High-Temperature Corrosion (1)
- High-density polyethylene (PE-HD) (1)
- Hochentropielegierung (1)
- Hochentropielegierungen (1)
- Hochleistungskeramik (1)
- Hochspannungsprüfung (1)
- Hochtemperaturbrennstoffzelle (1)
- Hochtemperaturermüdung (1)
- Honing (1)
- Honing Stone (1)
- Horizon 2020 (1)
- Hot Press (1)
- Hot isostatic pressing (1)
- Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) (1)
- Hot pressing (1)
- Hot stage microscopy (1)
- Hybrid Manufacturing (1)
- Hydrogen permeability (1)
- Hydrogen sensor (1)
- Hydrogen sensors (1)
- Hydrogen storage tank (1)
- Hyper-arid (1)
- IN738LC (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- Imaging (1)
- Implant failures (1)
- Implants (1)
- In-Situ Testing (1)
- In-situ tomography (1)
- In718 (1)
- Inconel 625 (1)
- Inconel 686 coating (1)
- Inconel 718 (1)
- Indentation hardness (1)
- Informationstechnische Grundlagen (1)
- Initial attachment (1)
- Interface Strength (1)
- Interfacial Spinodal (1)
- Interfacial shear strength (1)
- Intermediate scale (1)
- Intermetallische FeAl-Legierungen (1)
- Interoperability (1)
- Inverse ostwald ripening (1)
- Investment casting (1)
- Ionic porosity (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Irregular topography (1)
- Kalzinierung (1)
- Kennwertermittlung (1)
- Keramische Folien (1)
- Kikuchi diffraction (1)
- Kikuchi pattern (1)
- Klebung (1)
- Knowledge Graph (1)
- Knowledge Graphs (1)
- Knowledge graph (1)
- Komponentenprüfung (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (1)
- Kriechermüdung (1)
- Kriechversuche (1)
- Kristallisation (1)
- Kristallsystem (1)
- Kunststoffe (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- Kurzfaser-verstärkte Thermoplaste (1)
- Kurzzeitfestigkeit (1)
- L-PBF 316L (1)
- LMD (1)
- LTCC multilayer (1)
- Laminographie (1)
- Langzeitstabilität (1)
- Laser Beam Melting (1)
- Laser Cladding (1)
- Laser Powder Bed fusion (1)
- Laser Scanning Microscopy (1)
- Laser Scanning Microscopy (LSM) (1)
- Laser curing (1)
- Laser induced slipcasting (1)
- Laser light scattering (1)
- Laser-Pulverbettschmelzen (1)
- Laser-induced slip casting (1)
- Laserbearbeitung (1)
- Laserscanningmikroskopie (LSM) (1)
- Lattices (1)
- Layer depostion (1)
- Layer system (1)
- Lebensdauervorhersage (1)
- Lecture films (1)
- Lecture videos (1)
- Legierung mit komplexer Zusammensetzung (1)
- Lehrfilm (1)
- Lehrfilmformate (1)
- Li-ion battery (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Lifetime prediction (1)
- Lightweighting (1)
- Limestone Filler (1)
- Lithium-ion batteries (1)
- Lithography-based technologies (1)
- Local landscape evolution (1)
- Localized plasmons (1)
- Long-term storage (1)
- Lorenz transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) (1)
- Low-Cycle-Fatigue (1)
- Low-cycle fatigue. (1)
- Low-cycle-fatigue behaviour (1)
- Lösungsmittel (1)
- Lötverbindung (1)
- MEA (1)
- MOUSE (1)
- Magnetic domains (1)
- Magnetische Domänen (1)
- Magnetoelastic effect (1)
- Magnetoelastischer Effekt (1)
- Manufacturing (1)
- Martensitic steel (1)
- Mass transport (1)
- Masterschädigungslinie (1)
- Mat-o-lab (1)
- Material characterization (1)
- Material defects (1)
- Material degradation (1)
- Material oxidation (1)
- MaterialDigital (1)
- Materialcharakterisierung (1)
- Materialentwicklung (1)
- Materialkreislauf (1)
- Materialmodell (1)
- Materialprüfung (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materials Modelling (1)
- Materials Science (1)
- Materials science (1)
- Materials testing (1)
- Materialwissenschaft (1)
- Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen (1)
- Matrix (1)
- Mechanical Behavior (1)
- Mechanical Engineering (1)
- Mechanical Properties (1)
- Mechanical and thermal testing (1)
- Mechanics of Materials (1)
- Mechanisches Verhalten (1)
- Mechanistic Modelling (1)
- Medium Entropy Alloys (1)
- Medium entopy alloy (1)
- Medium-entropy alloy (1)
- Mehrachsige Verformung (1)
- Mehrskalenmodell (1)
- Melt pool boundary (1)
- Metal powder characterization (1)
- Metall (1)
- Metallic components (1)
- Metallic glasses (1)
- Metallic silver precipitates (1)
- Metallography (1)
- Metals and Alloys (1)
- Metformin (1)
- Metrologie (1)
- Metrology (1)
- Micro computed tomography (1)
- Micro-shrinkages (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (1)
- Microhardness (1)
- Micromanipulation (1)
- Microsegregation (1)
- Microstructural evolution (1)
- Microstructural orientation (1)
- Microstructure Analysis (1)
- Microstructure Characterization (1)
- Microstructure Evolution (1)
- Microstructure characterisation (1)
- Microstructure design (1)
- Microstructure modification (1)
- Mid-Level Ontology for MSE (1)
- Mikro-Computertomographie (1)
- Mikrogravitation (1)
- Mikrostrukturuntersuchung (1)
- Mindedestberstdruck (1)
- Mini-UAV (1)
- Missing acknowledgment (1)
- Mixed Ca-K-Na phosphates (1)
- Mn3O4 (1)
- Model alloy (1)
- Modell (1)
- Molecular Dynamics (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- Monte-Carlo-Analysis (1)
- Mortar (1)
- Mortel (1)
- Multi-principal element alloys (1)
- Multiaxial deformation (1)
- Multiaxial stress state (1)
- NFDI-MatWerk (1)
- NMR (1)
- Na and K rhenanites (1)
- Nahinfrarotspektroskopie (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- Nano material (1)
- Nano metal fluorides (1)
- Nano-assemblies (1)
- Nano-ceramic-additive-manufacturing photoresin (1)
- Nano-landscape (1)
- Nano-powder characterization (1)
- Nano-safety (1)
- NanoCAM (1)
- Nanoindentation (1)
- Nanomaterial screening (1)
- Nanomaterials (1)
- Nanoparticle synthesis (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanostructure (1)
- Nanostructure quantification (1)
- Negative charged microparticle (1)
- Net zero (1)
- Networking (1)
- Neutron Diffraction (1)
- New standards (1)
- Ni-Mn-Ga (1)
- Nickel based coatings (1)
- Nickel-base alloy (1)
- Nickel-base superalloy (1)
- Nimonic 75 (1)
- Niobium alloying (1)
- Non-Destructive Testing (1)
- Non-desired foaming (1)
- Nondestructive testing (1)
- Nucleation (1)
- Nucleation mode (1)
- Nucleation tendency (1)
- Numerische Simulation (1)
- OECD TG (1)
- Oberflächenaktive wässrige Medien (1)
- Online (1)
- Online quality control (1)
- Online teaching (1)
- Ooxidation (1)
- Optic (1)
- Optical backscatter reflectometry (1)
- Optical criterion (1)
- Optical fibre (1)
- Orientation-dependent microstructure (1)
- Oriented surface crystallization (1)
- Oxide glass (1)
- Oxide scale (1)
- Oxides (1)
- P92 steels (1)
- PA6.6 (1)
- PBF-LB/M/316L (1)
- PPA (1)
- Parametric modeling (1)
- Particle Size Distribution (1)
- Particle morphology (1)
- Particle size determination (1)
- Particle-bed binder jetting (1)
- Partikelgröße (1)
- Patent (1)
- Pattern matching (1)
- Peem (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Phase Diagrams (1)
- Phase Separation (1)
- Phase analysis (1)
- Phase diagram (1)
- Phase field simulation (1)
- Phase separation (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phase transformations (1)
- Phase-Field Simulation (1)
- Phase-Field Simulations (1)
- Phase-field (1)
- Phase-field Simulation (1)
- Photocatalysis (1)
- Physical properties (1)
- Physically based material model (1)
- Physics-informed Neural Network (1)
- Phytolith (1)
- Planetary surface (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Platform Material Digital (1)
- Platform Material Digital (PMD) (1)
- Platform MaterialDigital (1)
- Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) (1)
- Plattform Material Digital (PMD) (1)
- Pole figures (1)
- Polyethylene (1)
- Polymer Matrix Composite (1)
- Polymer-Ceramic-Composite (1)
- Polymer-ceramic mixtures (1)
- Polymerwissenschaften (1)
- Porcelain (1)
- Pores (1)
- Portfolio (1)
- Powder bed density (1)
- Powder deposition (1)
- Powder-based processes (1)
- Powdered activated carbon (1)
- Power plant (1)
- Power-to-Gas (1)
- Precipitates (1)
- Precipitation Analysis (1)
- Precipitation hardening (1)
- Preparation (1)
- Pressure assisted sintering (1)
- Pressure-assisted sintering (1)
- ProMoAM (1)
- Process (1)
- Process Monitoring (1)
- Proficiency test (1)
- Property simulation (1)
- Protection (1)
- Prozessmonitoring (1)
- Pull-out (1)
- Pull-out composite materials (1)
- Pycnometry (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Quantitative Precipitation Analysis (1)
- Radii distribution (1)
- Rafting (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Reference Data (1)
- Reference Dataset (1)
- Reference Material (1)
- Reference material BCR-425 (1)
- Reference nanomaterials (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Referenzmaterial (1)
- Referenzorganismus (1)
- Referenzverfahren (1)
- Refractory chemically complex alloy (1)
- Refractory chemically complex alloys (1)
- Refractory high entropy alloys (1)
- Regelwerke (1)
- Relaxation (1)
- Relaxation metallic glasses (1)
- Relaxation tests (1)
- Relaxationsphänomene (1)
- Reliable characterization (1)
- Renewable ernergy (1)
- Repair of sandwich shell structures (1)
- Repair patch (1)
- Reproducibility (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Residual stress analysis (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resistance stress (1)
- Restberstfestigkeit (1)
- Review (1)
- Rheology (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Risikoanalyse (1)
- Rissausbreitung (1)
- Risse (1)
- Rissform (1)
- Rissfortschritt (1)
- Rissheilung (1)
- Rissverlauf (1)
- Robot-assisted galss melting (1)
- Rohrprobekörper (1)
- Rotorblatt (1)
- Rotorblätter (1)
- S-Phase (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- SEN-Probe (1)
- SHM (1)
- Safety assessment (1)
- Sailplane Development Panel (1)
- Sall-angle scattering (1)
- Salt melt (1)
- Salzschmelzen (1)
- Sandwich structures (1)
- Sandwichstruktur (1)
- Scaffold (1)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (1)
- Scanning electron microscope (1)
- Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (1)
- Scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) (1)
- Scarf joint repair (1)
- Scarf joint repairs (1)
- Schadenskunde (1)
- Schalenprüfstand (1)
- Schlickerdeposition (1)
- SchwarzP cells (1)
- Schwerelosigkeit (1)
- Schwingbrüche (1)
- Schwingstreifen (1)
- Screen printing (1)
- Screening method (1)
- Segregation Engineering (1)
- Semantic Data (1)
- Semantic Interioerability (1)
- Semantic Web technologies (1)
- Semantic web (1)
- Semantische Daten (1)
- Semiconductor materials (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sewage treatment plant (1)
- Shape-memory alloys (1)
- Silber (1)
- Silicatglas (1)
- Silikatkeramik (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silver cluster (1)
- Silver glass paste (1)
- Silver metallization paste (1)
- Silver precipitates (1)
- Silver-glass metallization paste (1)
- Simulation of concrete (1)
- Simulationsgestützte Gießkonzepte (1)
- Single crystal superalloys (1)
- Single-Crystal (1)
- Single-crystals (1)
- Sinter retardation (1)
- Sintering atmosphere (1)
- Sintermechanismen (1)
- Sintertemperatur (1)
- Sinterung (1)
- Size (1)
- Size and size distribution (1)
- Sliding simulation (1)
- Slip-rolling (1)
- Slow Crack Growth (SCG) (1)
- Slow crack growth (1)
- Slow crack growth (SCG) (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (1)
- Small-angle Scattering (1)
- Soda-lime-silica glass (1)
- Sodium zinc borate glass (1)
- Sodiumborosilicate glasses (1)
- Soil sample (1)
- Solid solution strengthening (1)
- Solidification (1)
- Space (1)
- Space exploration (1)
- Spark plasma sintering (1)
- Specific surface (1)
- Spezifische Oberfläche (1)
- Spinodal Decomposition (1)
- Split Hopkinson bar (1)
- Spring constant (1)
- Stainless steel (1)
- Stanzen (1)
- Steels (1)
- Strain rate dependence (1)
- Stratégies deprévention (1)
- Strength (1)
- Streuung (1)
- Structural health monitoring (SHM) (1)
- Structural steel (1)
- Structure (1)
- Structured Data (1)
- Structured heating (1)
- Subsurface defects (1)
- Superalloy single crystals (1)
- Superalloys (1)
- Superaustenite steel (1)
- Supercritical/dense phase CO 2 (1)
- Superelasticity (1)
- Superlattice extrinsic stacking faults (1)
- Superlegierungen (1)
- Surface Nucleation (1)
- Surface-induced Melting (1)
- Swept wavelength interferometry (SWI) (1)
- Symbolik (1)
- Symmetric dwell periods (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron CT (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Synchrotron tomography (1)
- Systematische Schadensanalysen, Prozeduren (1)
- TAHYA (1)
- TED (1)
- TMF experiments (1)
- Technical Ceramics (1)
- Technische Keramik (1)
- Temperature driven process (1)
- Tempered martensite ferritic steel (1)
- Tempered martensite ferritic steels (1)
- Tempered martensite-ferritic steel (1)
- Tensile Test Ontology (1)
- Tensile stress relaxation (1)
- Termites (1)
- Test Improvement (1)
- Texturation (1)
- Thermal degradation (1)
- Thermal stress (1)
- Thermische Analyse (1)
- Thermo mechanical fatigue (1)
- Thermo-mechanical fatigue (1)
- Thermo-mechanical-loading (1)
- Thermo-mechanics (1)
- Thermo-optical measurement (1)
- Thermoanalysis (1)
- Thermoanalytical Methods (1)
- Thermodynamic analysis (1)
- Thermodynamic stability (1)
- Thermodynamische Stabilität (1)
- Thermoelectric generator (1)
- Thermoelectric generator design (1)
- Thermoelectric oxide (1)
- Thermoelectric oxides (1)
- Thermoelektrika (1)
- Thermoelektrischer Generator (1)
- Thermogravimetric analysis (1)
- Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF) (1)
- Thermomechanische Eigenschaften (1)
- Thermomechanische Ermüdung (1)
- Thermophysikalische Eigenschaften (1)
- Thesaurus (1)
- Thin tribofilm (1)
- Time-offlight Diffraction (TOFD) (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Tools (1)
- Tooth wear (1)
- Transducers (1)
- Transmission electron microscope (TEM) (1)
- Two-photon adsorption (1)
- Two-photon polymerization (1)
- Ultraschall (1)
- Ultrasonic Testing (1)
- Umgebungsbedingter Spannungsriss (1)
- Under cyclic loading (1)
- Ungleichgewicht (1)
- Unlegierter Baustahl (1)
- Utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology (1)
- VCSEL (1)
- VM12 SHC (1)
- Vacancies (1)
- Vacuum hot extraction (1)
- Verbundwerkstoff (1)
- Verbundwerkstoffe (1)
- Vernetzung (1)
- Versetzungsstrukturen (1)
- Very high cycle fatigue (1)
- Vickers Hardness (1)
- Vickers hardness (1)
- Vickers indentation (1)
- Virtueller Materialdatenraum (1)
- Viscous sintering (1)
- Viskoplastisch (1)
- Volume Fraction (1)
- Volume specific surface area (1)
- Wasserstoff (1)
- Wasserstofferzeugung (1)
- Waste water (1)
- Water-based (1)
- Weibull distribution (1)
- Welding processing influences (1)
- Werkstoffauswahl (1)
- Werkstoffdaten (1)
- Werkstoffkennwerte (1)
- Werkstoffmechanische Prüfung (1)
- Wet dispersion (1)
- Wind turbine blade shell structures (1)
- Windkraft (1)
- Withstand voltage tests (1)
- Workshop (1)
- Wärmespeicher (1)
- X-ray imaging (1)
- X-ray refractography (1)
- X-ray scattering (1)
- XRM (1)
- Young´s Modulus (1)
- Young’s Modulus (1)
- ZfP (1)
- Zug-Druck-Schubprüfung (1)
- Zugversuchsontologie (1)
- Zyklische Belastung (1)
- Zyklische R-Kurve (1)
- alumina (1)
- arbon capture (1)
- ausfgallfreie Lastwechsel (1)
- bioactive (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- bone (1)
- carbon steel (1)
- ceramic (1)
- ceramics (1)
- coarsening (1)
- condensate (1)
- dental (1)
- dispersion (1)
- electrochemical characterization (1)
- hardness (1)
- high entropy alloys (1)
- hydrogen storage (1)
- impurities (1)
- laser cladding (1)
- microstructure analysis (1)
- multi scale testing (1)
- oxidation (1)
- particle size determination (1)
- pitting corrosion (1)
- sample preparation (1)
- scanning electron microscopy (1)
- selective laser melting (1)
- statistische Auswertung (1)
- sulfidation (1)
- thermomechanische Beanspruchung (1)
- utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology (1)
- volume resistivity (1)
- zertifizierte Referenzmaterialien (1)
- Überblick (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (737)
- 5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation (202)
- 5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe (193)
- 5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse (155)
- 5.3 Polymere Verbundwerkstoffe (96)
- 5.6 Glas (82)
- 5.5 Materialmodellierung (71)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (66)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (62)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (54)
Im Rahmen des 2. BAM-Akademie Info-Tages "Nano or not Nano" wurde die OECD TG 124 "Volume Specific Surface Area of Manufactured Nanomaterials" vorgestellt.
Der Vortrag beschreibt die Bestimmung der spezifischen Oberfläche von dispersen und/oder porösen Pulvern mittels Gasadsorption nach dem BET-Verfahren.
Es wird auf die Anwendbarkeit der Methode eingegangen und es werden praktische Hinweise zur Probenvorbereitung und Messung von Nanomaterialien gegeben.
Several studies have been shown that the electron beam can be used to create nanomaterials from microparticle targets in situ in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). Here, we show how this method has to be modified in order to synthesize plasmonic gold nanoparticles (NPs) on insulating silicon oxide substrate by employing a scanning electron microscope with a comparatively low acceleration voltage of 30 kV. The synthesized NPs exhibit a random distribution around the initial microparticle target: Their average size reduces from 150 nm to 3 nm with growing distance to the initial Au microparticle target. Similarly, their average distance increases. The synthesized NP assemblies therefore show distinctly different plasmonic behaviour with growing distance to the target, which allows to study consequences of random hybridization of surface plasmon in disordered system, such as Anderson localization. To reveal the surface plasmons and their localization behaviour we apply electron energy loss spectroscopy in the TEM.
The heat-resistant cast iron EN-GJSA-XNiSiCr35-5-2 (Ni-Resist D-5S) was investigated for its fatigue crack growth behavior at room and high temperatures. Force-controlled tests were carried out at constant temperatures (20 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C) without and with hold time and different load ratios. The crack growth behavior was also characterized under TMF loading (Tmin = 400 °C, Tmax = 700 °C) by applying IP and OP conditions and different load ratios. Three different techniques were combined to monitor crack growth: potential drop, thermography, and compliance method. The effect of the different loading conditions on the fatigue crack growth behavior will be presented and discussed.
This is the stable version of the full-notch creep test ontology (OntoFNCT) that ontologically represents the full-notch creep test. OntoFNCT has been developed in accordance with the corresponding test standard ISO 16770:2019-09 Plastics - Determination of environmental stress cracking (ESC) of polyethylene - Full-notch creep test (FNCT).
The OntoFNCT provides conceptualizations that are supposed to be valid for the description of full-notch creep tests and associated data in accordance with the corresponding test standard. By using OntoFNCT for storing full-notch creep test data, all data will be well structured and based on a common vocabulary agreed on by an expert group (generation of FAIR data) which is meant to lead to enhanced data interoperability. This comprises several data categories such as primary data, secondary data and metadata. Data will be human and machine readable. The usage of OntoFNCT facilitates data retrieval and downstream usage. Due to a close connection to the mid-level PMD core ontology (PMDco), the interoperability of full-notch creep test data is enhanced and querying in combination with other aspects and data within the broad field of materials science and engineering (MSE) is facilitated.
The class structure of OntoFNCT forms a comprehensible and semantic layer for unified storage of data generated in a full-notch creep test including the possibility to record data from analysis and re-evaluation. Furthermore, extensive metadata allows to assess data quality and reliability. Following the open world assumption, object properties are deliberately low restrictive and sparse.
Unlike conventional alloys, which typically consist of one main element, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) contain five or more principal elements, which broaden chemical complexity and with it a realm of synergistic mechanisms. The AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr HEA initiated a subclass of Al-containing refractory (r)HEAs that has recently drawn attention [2]. The alloy has a superalloy-resembling B2/bcc nanostructure, which inspired its name refractory high entropy superalloy (RSA). With high-temperature (HT) compressive strengths beyond conventional Ni-based superalloys, this nanostructure could be used for improved HT structural applications. However, in the application-relevant HT regime the Al-Zr-rich B2 phase decomposes to form a hexagonal Al-Zr-based intermetallic (Al4-xZr5; x: 0..1) [3,4]. This work explores the fascinating yet fatal micromechanisms associated to this phase transformation, in the context of creep, annealing and oxidation experiments performed between 800 and 1200 °C.
The material was produced by arc-melting and heat treatment in argon, which lead to grain boundaries decorated with up to 7%. Interrupted constant-load creep tests were performed under vacuum (at 10-4 Pa), at 900–1100 °C with external tensile stresses of 30–120 MPa. Oxidation experiments were separately conducted for 24 hours at 800 and 1000 °C in both dry (21% O2 + 79% N2) and humid (8% O2 + 74% N2 + 18% H2O) air. After the experiments, the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to reveal degradation mechanisms. Crystallographic texture, orientation relationships and stabilization of an oxygen-containing iso structure (Al4-xZr5(Ox-y); y: 0..x) of the Al-Zr-rich intermetallic are found and discussed.
A giant Zn segregation transition is revealed using CALPHAD-integrated density-based modeling of segregation into Fe grain boundaries (GBs). The results show that above a threshold of only a few atomic percent Zn in the alloy, a substantial amount of up to 60 at.% Zn can segregate to the GB. We found that the amount of segregation abruptly increases with decreasing temperature, while the Zn content in the alloy required for triggering the segregation transition decreases. Direct evidence of the Zn segregation transition is obtained using high-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy. Base on the model, we trace the origin of the segregation transition back to the low cohesive energy of Zn and a miscibility gap in Fe-Zn GB, arising from the magnetic ordering effect, which is confirmed by ab-initio calculations. We also show that the massive Zn segregation resulting from the segregation transition greatly assists with liquid wetting and reduces the work of separation along the GB. The current predictions suggest that control over Zn segregation, by both alloy design and optimizing the galvanization and welding processes, may offer preventive strategies against liquid metal embrittlement.
Today’s industrial demands challenge the research and development sector to make advances in the design and properties of materials that can withstand harsh environments. The AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr refractory high-entropy superalloy (RSA), with a remarkable morphological similarity to the γ/γ' microstructure of Ni-based superalloys and promising high-temperature compressive properties, has been considered as a candidate for structural applications. However, additional properties need to be investigated in order to assess the suitability of this alloy for high temperature applications. Therefore, this work investigates the thermodynamic and microstructural stabilities of the RSA at room temperature and between 900 and 1100 °C, and their influence on the mechanical properties. Although it is possible to improve the mechanical properties at 20 °C by tuning the cooling rate, long-term high temperature exposures lead to phase instabilities that negatively influence the creep behavior.
This research deals with the development of the Vickers hardness knowledge graph, mapping the example dataset in them, and exporting the data-mapped knowledge graph as a machine-readable Resource Description Framework (RDF). Modeling the knowledge graph according to the standardized test procedure and using the appropriate upper-level ontologies were taken into consideration to develop the highly standardized, incorporable, and industrial applicable models. Furthermore, the Ontopanel approach was utilized for mapping the real experimental data in the developed knowledge graphs and the resulting RDF files were successfully evaluated through the SPARQL queries.
This study aims to represent an approach for transferring the materials testing datasets to the digital schema that meets the prerequisites of the semantic web. As a use case, the tensile stress relaxation testing method was evaluated and the testing datasets for several copper alloys were prepared. The tensile stress relaxation testing ontology (TSRTO) was modeled following the test standard requirements and by utilizing the appropriate upper-level ontologies. Eventually, mapping the testing datasets into the knowledge graph and converting the data-mapped graphs to the machine-readable Resource Description Framework (RDF) schema led to the preparation of the digital version of testing data which can be efficiently queried on the web.
In this work we instigated the fragmentation of Au microparticles supported on a thin amorphous carbon film by irradiating them with a gradually convergent electron beam inside the Transmission Electron Microscope. This phenomenon has been generically labeled as “electron beam-induced fragmentation” or EBIF and its physical origin remains contested. On the one hand, EBIF has been primarily characterized as a consequence of beam-induced heating. On the other, EBIF has been attributed to beam-induced charging eventually leading to Coulomb explosion. To test the feasibility of the charging framework for EBIF, we instigated the fragmentation of Au particles under two different experimental conditions. First, with the magnetic objective lens of the microscope operating at full capacity, i.e. background magnetic field B = 2 T, and with the magnetic objective lens switched off (Lorenz mode), i.e. B = 0 T. We observe that the presence or absence of the magnetic field noticeably affects the critical current density at which EBIF occurs. This strongly suggests that magnetic field effects play a crucial role in instigating EBIF on the microparticles. The dependence of the value of the critical current density on the absence or presence of an ambient magnetic field cannot be accounted for by the beam-induced heating model. Consequently, this work presents robust experimental evidence suggesting that Coulomb explosion driven by electrostatic charging is the root cause of EBIF.
In this presentation, the results of the determination of the diffraction and single-crystal elastic constants of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718 are presented. The analysis is based on high-energy synchrotron diffraction experiments performed at the Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron. It is shown that the characteristic microstructure of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718 impacts the elastic anisotropy and therefore the diffraction and single-crystal elastic constants. Finally, the consequences on the diffraction-based residual stress determination of laser powder bed fused Inconel 718 are discussed.
KupferDigital mechanical testing datasets: Stress relaxation and low-cycle fatigue (LCF) tests
(2024)
The KupferDigital project deals with the development of a data ecosystem for digital materials research on the basis of ontology-based digital representations of copper and copper alloys. This document provides exemplary mechanical testing datasets for training the developed KupferDigital infrastructures. Different types of cast copper alloys were provided for this research and their mechanical testing (stress relaxation and low-cycle fatigue) was performed in the accredited materials testing laboratory, while the test results were reported according to the DIN/ISO standards and attached with the maximum possible metadata about the sample history, equipment, and calibration. The attached content file consisted of the obtained primary raw testing data as well as the secondary datasets of these tests containing the detailed metadata of mechanical testing methods. Such test data files are processed by the KupferDigital digital tools to be converted to standardized machine-readable data files.
Following the new paradigm of materials development, design, and optimization, digitalization is the main goal in materials sciences and engineering (MSE) which imposes a huge challenge. In this respect, the quality assurance of processes and output data as well as the interoperability between applications following FAIR principles are to be ensured. For storage, processing, and querying of data in contextualized form, Semantic Web technologies (SWT) are used since they allow for machine-actionable and human-readable knowledge representations needed for data management, retrieval, and (re)use.
The project ‘platform MaterialDigital’ (PMD, https://materialdigital.de) aims to bring together and support interested parties from both industrial and academic sectors in a sustainable manner in solving digitalization tasks and implementing digital solutions. Therefore, the establishment of a virtual material data space and the systematization of the handling of hierarchical, process-dependent material data are focused. Core points to be dealt with are the development of agreements on data structures and interfaces implemented in distinct software tools and to offer users specific support in their projects. Furthermore, the platform contributes to a standardized description of data processing methods in materials research. In this respect, selected MSE methods are semantically represented which are supposed to serve as best practice examples with respect to knowledge representation and the creation of knowledge graphs used for material data.
Accordingly, this presentation shows the efforts taken within the PMD project towards the digitalization in MSE such as the development of the mid-level PMD core ontology (PMDco, https://github.com/materialdigital/core-ontology). Furthermore, selected results of a PMD partner project use case addressing data and knowledge management from synthesis, production, and characterization of materials are shown.
This contribution presents the results of an experimental study on the LCF behavior of an austenitic 316L stainless steel produced by laser powder bed fusion featuring a low defect population, which allows for an improved understanding of the role of other typical aspects of a PBF‑LB microstructure. The LCF tests were performed between room temperature and 600 °C. A hot‑rolled 316L variant was tested as a reference. The mechanical response is characterized by strain-life curves, a Coffin‑Manson‑Basquin fitting, and cyclic deformation curves. The damage and deformation mechanisms are studied with X-ray computed tomography, optical and electron microscopy. The PBF‑LB/M/316L exhibits lower fatigue lives at lower strain amplitudes. The crack propagation is mainly transgranular. The solidification cellular structure seems to be the most relevant underlying microstructural feature determining the cyclic deformation behavior.
Gas turbine components, made of nickel-based alloys, undergo material damage due to high temperatures and mechanical stresses. These components need periodic replacement to avoid efficiency loss and failure. Repair of these parts is more cost-effective than replacement. State-of-the-art repair technologies, including different additive manufacturing (AM) and brazing processes, are considered for efficient restoration. Materials properties mismatches and/or internal defects in repaired parts may expedite crack initiation and propagation, reducing fatigue life. To understand the crack growth behavior in joining zones and predict the remaining life of repaired components, fatigue crack growth (FCG) tests were conducted on specimens of nickel-based alloys joined via brazing, pre-sintered preforms and AM. The FCG experimental technique was successfully adapted for joined specimens and results indicate that the investigated braze material provides a lower resistance to crack growth. In AM-sandwich specimens, the crack growth rates are significantly reduced at the interface of AM and cast material.
Es wird eine Studie zur Charakterisierung eines anisotropen Stahls vorgestellt, bei der Ultraschalluntersuchungen mit Mikrostrukturanalysen verbunden werden. Das Material weist hohe Festigkeit und Korrosionsbeständigkeit auf, zugleich ist mit anisotropen Eigenschaften die mechanischen und betrieblichen Eigenschaften beeinflussen zu rechnen. Vorläufige Ergebnisse lassen vermuten, dass weitere Untersuchungen notwendig sind, um die Fähigkeiten und Grenzen des Materials genau zu bestimmen. Es wird ein systematischer Ansatz mit Array- Prüfköpfen, Time-of-Flight Diffraction (TOFD) Technik und mikrostrukturellen Untersuchungen angewendet, um die Wechselwirkung zwischen Anisotropie und Mikrostruktur des Stahls zu analysieren. Ultraschallprüfungen mit der TOFD-Technik und in Tauchtechnik liefern Einblicke in das anisotrope Verhalten des Werkstoffes, einschließlich entsprechenden Kornorientierung, Dämpfung und Schallgeschwindigkeitsvariation. Diese Messungen führen in Verbindung mit mikrostrukturellen Analysen zu einem tieferen Verständnis des Materialverhaltens. Unser Hauptziel ist es, ein Framework zu erstellen, welches die Ultraschallantwort anisotroper Materialien mit ihren mikroskopischen Struktureigenschaften verbindet. Die vorgestellte Methodik ermöglicht eine zerstörungsfreie und zügige Bewertung der Materialintegrität, was besonders bei der Anwendung von Hochleistungsmaterialien relevant ist. Durch diesen integrativen Ansatz werden verschiedener Charakterisierungsmethoden kombiniert, um ein umfassenderes Materialverständnis zu erreichen.
Motivated by the aim of developing an additive manufacturing (AM) technology easily integrated in the process chains of the ceramic industry, the LSD-print technology was conceived as a slurry-based variation of binder jetting (BJ).
BJ and other powder bed technologies (such as powder bed fusion) are amongst the most successful AM techniques, especially for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. The possibility to use commercially available feedstocks (in the form of powders or granules) makes BJ also attractive for ceramic materials. The application of these techniques to most advanced ceramics has however been difficult so far, because of the limitations in depositing homogeneous layers with fine, typically poorly flowable powders.
In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) was proposed at TU Clausthal (Germany) as a slurry-based deposition of ceramic layers by means of a doctor blade. Combined with layer-by-layer laser sintering of the material, the LSD process was originally demonstrated for the rapid prototyping of silicate ceramics. Due to the difficulties in controlling the microstructure and the defect formation in laser-sintered technical ceramics, the LSD process was later combined with inkjet printing in the LSD-print technology, which has been further developed at BAM (Germany) in the past decade.
The LSD-print technology combines the high speed of inkjet printing, typical of BJ, with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality ceramics with properties comparable to those achieved by traditional processing. Due to the mechanical stability of the powder bed, the process can also be carried out with continuous layer deposition on a rotating platform, which further increases its productivity.
This presentation will delve into 10 years of research on the LSD-print of a wide variety of technical ceramics including alumina, silicon carbides and dental ceramics. The discussion highlights how a seemingly small process and feedstock modification (from powders to slurries) has great influence on the challenges and potential of this process, which are being addressed on its path to industrialization.
The Laser-Induced Slip Casting is an additive manufacturing technology specifically developed for ceramic materials using water-based ceramic slurries. The process takes place layer-by-layer in a similar fashion as top-down vat photopolymerization, selectively consolidating each layer by means of a laser energy source positioned on the top. Contrary to vat photopolymerization, in which the consolidation is achieved by selectively cross-linking a ceramic-filled resin, LIS uses water-based slurries with a low amount of organic additives (typically < 5 wt%) as feedstocks.
In LIS, a green body is formed by local evaporation of water which causes the suspension to collapse forming a cast, following a mechanism similar to slip casting. Only a small content of organic additives is needed to effectively disperse the ceramic particles and to increase the green strength.
The technology is very versatile and can be applied to all ceramic systems that can be dispersed in water. One of the main advantages is that even dark materials such as silicon carbide can be processed without issues related to light scattering and absorption.
The presentation will discuss strengths and limitations of LIS compared to other AM technologies and will highlight the latest results for alumina and for silicon carbide ceramics.
Powder bed technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. The application of these techniques to most ceramics has been difficult so far, because of the challenges related to the deposition of homogeneous powder layers when using fine powders.
In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method enabling the use of powder bed AM technologies also for advanced ceramic materials. The layerwise slurry deposition consists of the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade, in which the slurry is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder. Not only very fine, submicron powders can be processed with low organics, but also the dense powder bed provides excellent support to the parts built. The LSD technology can be combined with binder jetting to develop the so-called “LSD-print” process. LSD-print combines the high-speed printing of binder jetting with the possibility of producing a variety of high-quality ceramics with properties comparable to traditional processing.
The latest development of this technology shows that it is possible to print ceramic parts in a continuous process by depositing a layer onto a rotating platform, growing a powder bed following a spiral motion. The unique mechanical stability of the layers in LSD-print allows to grow a powder bed several centimeters thick without any lateral support. The continuous layer deposition allows to achieve a productivity more than 10X higher compared to the linear deposition, approaching a build volume of 1 liter/hour.
Functional fatigue of shape-memory alloys is a considerable threat to the reliable service of actuation devices. Here, we demonstrate the essentially degradation-free cyclic phase-transformation behavior of Ni-Mn-Ga microcrystals up to one million stress-driven superelastic cycles. Cyclic dissipation amounts to about 1/5 of the bulk counterpart and remains unaffected during cycling, even after the introduction of dislocation structures via plastic straining. Plastic yielding and the transformation stress largely exceed the known bulk values. However, the transformation-stress is found to depend on plastic pre-straining, which suggests that the size-affected transformation stress is sensitive to the initial defect structure and that it can be tuned by a targeted introduction of dislocations. These findings demonstrate the high suitability of Ni-Mn-Ga as a robust shape-memory alloy in small-scale functional device engineering.
Fully automated and decentralized fused filament fabrication of ceramics for remote applications
(2024)
Manufacturing of ceramic components in remote (i.e., geographically isolated) settings poses significant challenges where access to conventional manufacturing facilities is limited or non-existent. Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) enables the rapid manufacturing of ceramic components with complex geometries. Parts formed by FFF require subsequent debinding and sintering to reach full density. Debinding and sintering are typically executed in separate steps with different equipment, necessitating extensive human handling which hinders process automation and may be challenging for the operator in isolated environments. This poster presents an innovative approach: the integration of all process steps into a single, fully automated system, streamlining the process and minimizing human involvement. Our system combines a dual extrusion filament printer with a porous and heat-resistant ceramic print bed. The porous print bed enables mechanical interlocking of the first printed layers, ensuring adhesion and structural integrity during FFF. Ceramic parts are printed onto thin sacrificial rafts, which are built using an interface material with the same binder as the ceramic filament. After the print is completed, the heat-resistant print bed with all parts is transferred seamlessly with a carrier system into a high-temperature furnace for debinding and sintering. During sintering the sacrificial raft is disintegrated, allowing for unconstrained sintering of the ceramic parts and easy removal of the finished parts. In conclusion, our integrated approach enables significant advancements in the fabrication of complex ceramic components in remote environments with increased efficiency and minimal human handling.
The characterization of really unknown phases typically uses 70 to 150 reflectors for lattice metric calculation. The determination of the lattice parameters follows with 4% accuracy. Including a Z correction up to 1% can be reached. The precision of the lattice parameters ratios (a:b:c) is, however, better than 0.1%.
Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD) is a very versatile analytical technique allowing for the characterization of material structure. Historically, diffraction images (Kikuchi patterns) registered during EBSD analysis were solved using Hough/Radon transformation. The last decade brought several novel techniques of experimental pattern analysis, focusing entirely on image analysis routines such as pattern matching, or various variants of High-Resolution EBSD. However, all the above-mentioned techniques require prior knowledge of the material structure to perform orientation analysis. The recently presented algorithm employed in Crystallographic Analysis of Lattice Metric (CALM) software, effectively removes this limitation enabling a standard-less analytical approach in EBSD systems. At its core, the CALM technique couples accurate detection of the Kikuchi bands position, with a rigid construction of reciprocal lattice resulting from translational crystal symmetry. A unique characteristic of the methodology also gives an opportunity for application in the analysis of continuous lattice changes, for example tetragonality mapping. During mapping, however, the geometry of the gnomonic projection (represented by the projection center) is continuously altered decreasing overall algorithm efficiency. The work presents an analysis of the projection center in terms of precision and accuracy.
Following the new paradigm of materials development, design, and optimization, digitalization is the main goal in materials sciences and engineering (MSE) which imposes a huge challenge. In this respect, the quality assurance of processes and output data as well as the interoperability between applications following FAIR principles are to be ensured. For storage, processing, and querying of data in contextualized form, Semantic Web technologies (SWT) are used since they allow for machine-actionable and human-readable knowledge representations needed for data management, retrieval, and (re)use.
The project ‘platform MaterialDigital’ (PMD) aims to bring together and support interested parties from both industrial and academic sectors in a sustainable manner in solving digitalization tasks and implementing digital solutions. Therefore, the establishment of a virtual material data space and the systematization of the handling of hierarchical, process-dependent material data are focused. Core points to be dealt with are the development of agreements on data structures and interfaces implemented in distinct software tools and to offer users specific support in their projects. Furthermore, the platform contributes to a standardized description of data processing methods in materials research. In this respect, selected MSE methods are semantically represented on a prototypical basis which are supposed to serve as best practice examples with respect to knowledge representation and the creation of knowledge graphs used for material data.
Accordingly, this poster presentation illustrates demonstrators developed and deployed within the PMD project. Semantically anchored using the mid-level PMD Core Ontology (PMDco), they address data transformation leading to a novel data management which is based on semantic integrated data. The PMD data acquisition pipeline (DAP), which is fueled by traditional, diverse data formats, and a pipeline applying an electronic laboratory notebook (ELN) as data source are displayed. Additionally, the efficient combination of diverse datasets originating from different sources is demonstrated by the representation of a use case dealing with the well-known Orowan relation.
Die additive Fertigung (AM) metallischer Werkstoffe ist eine Technologie, die zunehmend Gegenstand von Forschungsaktivitäten und industrieller Anwendung ist. Dennoch steht sie noch vor Herausforderungen, um eine breite Nutzung in sicherheitsrelevanten Anwendungen zu erreichen. Die Hauptgründe für die Verzögerung des technologischen Durchbruchs zugunsten von AM-Metallen gegenüber konventionell hergestellten Varianten sind das Fehlen eines tieferen Verständnisses der Prozess-Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen und die begrenzte Verfügbarkeit von Daten zu den Materialeigenschaften. In diesem Kontext stellt diese Arbeit einen Beitrag sowohl zum Verständnis der Prozess-Struktur-Eigenschafts-Beziehungen als auch zur Verbesserung der Datenlage von 316L dar, einem häufig als Konstruktionswerkstoff in verschiedenen Hochtemperaturbauteilen verwendeten Werkstoff. Die Arbeit legt den Fokus auf die mittels Laser-Pulverbettschmelzen hergestellte Werkstoffvariante, PBF-LB/M/316L. Eine konventionell hergestellte Variante, HR/316L, wurde auch untersucht. Bei PBF-LB/M/316L wurde zusätzlich der Effekt ausgewählter Wärmebehandlungen ausgewertet. Die Untersuchung umfasste die Charakterisierung der mechanischen Eigenschaften und der Verformungs- und Schädigungsmechanismen bei erhöhten Prüftemperaturen bei LCF und Kriechen, wo die Daten und Wissenslage am spärlichsten ist. Außerdem hat die untersuchte PBF-LB/M/316L-Wersktoffvariante einen geringen Porositätsgrad. Somit hat diese Arbeit die Mikrostruktur stärker in den Fokus genommen als die meisten bisher in der Literatur verfügbaren Studien.
Die mechanische Prüfkampagne umfasste Zugversuche zwischen Raumtemperatur und 650 °C, LCF-Versuche zwischen Raumtemperatur und 600 °C sowie Kriechversuche bei 600 °C und 650 °C. In Ermangelung konkreter Richtlinien und Normen wurde die Charakterisierung zumeist anhand der bestehenden internationalen Prüfnormen und Probengeometrien durchgeführt. Aus jedem dieser Prüfverfahren wurden die entsprechenden Festigkeits- und Verformungskennwerte ermittelt. Darüber hinaus wurde mit Hilfe gezielter mikrostruktureller Untersuchungen ein Beitrag zum Verständnis des Zusammenhangs zwischen der Mikrostruktur und den mechanischen Eigenschaften in Bezug auf die Verformungs- und Schädigungsmechanismen geleistet.
Die Dehngrenze von PBF-LB/M/316L ist etwa doppelt so hoch wie die von HR/316L und dieser Trend setzt sich mit ansteigender Prüftemperatur fort. Die Bruchdehnung ist bei allen Prüftemperaturen geringer. PBF-LB/M/316L weist über den größten Teil der Ermüdungslebensdauer vor allem bei Raumtemperatur höhere zyklische Spannungen als HR/316L auf. Ausschließlich bei den kleinsten Dehnungs-schwingbreiten sind die Ermüdungslebensdauer ausgeprägt kürzer. Das Wechselverformungsverhalten von PBF-LB/M/316L ist durch eine Anfangsverfestigung gefolgt von einer kontinuierlichen Entfestigung charakterisiert, welche bis zum Auftreten der zum Versagen führenden Entfestigung stattfindet. Die Kriechbruchzeiten und die Dauer jeder Kriechphase sind bei allen Kombinationen von Prüfparametern bei PBF-LB/M/316 kürzer als bei HR/316L. Die Spannungsabhängigkeit von PBF-LB/M/316L ist im Vergleich zu HR/316L geringer und die Duktilität beim Kriechen kleiner. Die minimale Kriechrate wird bei allen geprüften Parameterkombinationen bei deutlich geringeren Kriechdehnungen erreicht. Eine Wärmebehandlung bei 450 °C / 4 h bewirkt keine wesentliche Änderungen der Mikrostruktur und Zugversuchseigenschaften. Eine zusätzliche Wärmebehandlung bei 900 °C / 1 h verursacht eine Abnahme der Dehngrenze des PBF-LB/M/316L. Diese blieb aber immer noch um den Faktor 1,5x höher als bei HR/316L. Die Verformungsmerkmale wurden kaum davon beeinflusst. Bezüglich des Kriechverhaltens hat die Wärmebehandlung bei 900 °C / 1 h längere sekundäre und tertiäre Kriechstadien bewirkt und die Kriechdehnung hat sich signifikant erhöht. Die Bruchbilder unterscheiden sich generell nicht nur aber vor allem mit ansteigender Prüftemperatur, bei der bei PBF-LB/M/316L oft interkristalline Rissbildung beobachtet wurde. Die Zellstruktur trägt als der Hauptfaktor zu den unterschiedlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften im Vergleich zur HR/316L-Variante bei. Darüber hinaus spielen mutmaßlich die Kornmorphologie, die Stapelfehlerenergie und der Stickstoffgehalt eine Rolle.
Einführungsvortrag im Rahmen der Veranstaltung der BAM-Akademie zur Anwendung der OECD TG 124 "Volume Specific Surface Area of Manufactured Nanomaterials" zu Herausforderungen bei der Granulometrie von Nanopulvern. Es werden die Einflüsse von Partikelform, Breite der Partikelgrößenverteilung und Agglomeration/ Aggregation auf das Messergebnis sowie die Vergleichbarkeit der Ergebnisse verschiedener Messverfahren dargelegt.
Additive manufacturing (AM) offers significantly greater freedom of design compared to conventional manufacturing processes since the final parts are built layer by layer. This enables metal AM, also known as metal 3D printing, to be utilized for improving efficiency and functionality, for the production of parts with very complex geometries, and rapid prototyping. However, despite many technological advancements made in recent years, several challenges hinder the mass adoption of metal AM. One of these challenges is mechanical anisotropy which describes the dependency of material properties on the material orientation. Therefore, in this work, stainless steel 316L parts produced by laser-based powder bed fusion are used to isolate and understand the root cause of anisotropy in AM parts. Furthermore, an efficient and accurate multiscale numerical framework is presented for predicting the deformation behavior of actual AM parts on the macroscale undergoing large plastic deformations. Finally, a novel constitutive model for the plastic spin is formulated to capture the influence of the microstructure evolution on the material behavior on the macroscale.
Im Rahmen des 2. BAM-Akademie Info-Tages "Nano or not Nano" wurde die OECD TG 124 "Volume Specific Surface Area of Manufactured Nanomaterials" vorgestellt. Der Vortrag beschreibt detailliert das Messverfahren der He-Gaspyknometrie zur Bestimmung der Skelettdichte von Pulvern und geht auf Anwendbarkeit, Besonderheiten bei Nanopulvern und wichtige Einstellparameter für die Messung ein.
AbstractThe high-temperature corrosion behaviors of the equimolar CrCoNi medium-entropy alloy and CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy were studied in a gas atmosphere consisting of a volumetric mixture of 10% H2O, 2% O2, 0.5% SO2, and 87.5% Ar at 800 °C for up to 96 h. Both alloys were initially single-phase fcc with a mean grain size of ~ 50 μm and a homogeneous chemical composition. The oxide layer thickness of CrMnFeCoNi increased linearly with exposure time while it remained constant at ~ 1 μm for CrCoNi. A Cr2O3 layer and minor amounts of (Co,Ni)Cr2O4 developed on the latter while three oxide layers were detected on the former, i.e., a thin and continuous chromium rich oxide layer at the oxide/alloy interface, a dense (Mn,Cr)3O4 layer in the center and a thick and porous layer of Mn3O4 and MnSO4 at the gas/oxide interface. Additionally, a few metal sulfides were observed in the CrMnFeCoNi matrix. These results were found to be in reasonable agreement with thermodynamic calculations.
In order to be able to manipulate ceramic powder compacts and ceramic suspensions (slurries) within their volume with light, a minimum transparency of the materials is required. Compared to polymers and metals, ceramic materials are characterized by the fact that they have a wide electronic band gap and therefore a wide optical window of transparency. The optical window generally ranges from less than 0.3 µm to 5 µm wavelength. In order to focus light into the volume of a ceramic powder compact, its light scattering properties must therefore be tailored. In this study, we present the physical background and material development strategies for the application of two-photon polymerization (2PP) and selective volumetric sintering for the additive manufacturing of structures in the volume of ceramic slips and green compacts.
Manipulating ceramic powder compacts and ceramic suspensions (slurries) within their volume with light requires a minimum transparency of the materials. Compared to polymers and metals, ceramic materials are unique as they offer a wide electronic band gap and thus a wide optical window of transparency. The optical window typically ranges from below 0.3 µm up to 5µm wavelength. Hence, to penetrate with light into the volume of a ceramic powder compound, its light scattering properties need to be investigated and tailored. In the present study we introduce the physical background and material development strategies to apply two-photon-polymerization (2PP), and other volumetric methods for the additive manufacture of filigree structures within the volume of ceramic slurries.
The present work addresses powder bed binder jetting additive manufacturing by selective magnesium phosphate cement activation. Despite the potential of this technology to aid the digitalization of the construction industry, the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical performance of printed materials has not yet been studied to generate a guideline for the further development of the technology. Statistical methodologies were used to screen the effect of four printing process parameters (printing speed, layer thickness, raster angle, and build direction on flexural and compressive strength). As the exploited technology works with constant fluid pressure, the physical interpretation of the effect of each factor can be considered taking into account the interactions between the binder materials in the powder bed. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that printing speed and layer thickness significantly affect mechanical performances. Furthermore, the layout of samples for the printing process is preferable to be parallel the printhead movement. An anisotropic behavior was observed, and the samples subjected to compressive forces parallel to the layer plane possessed lower strength values. This effect can be interpreted as a result of a weak area of low density in between layers, leading to a pronounced delamination under compression. Even though the strength of the printed material is not suitable for a structural concrete, it can be marginally improved by design of experiment and optimized for non-structural applications, such as for porous artificial stone. Design of experiment coupled with ANOVA methods can be used in the future to support the development of novel material mixtures, thus expanding the fields of application of this novel additive manufacturing technology.
Die Integration und Wiederverwendung von Wissen und Daten aus der Herstellung, Bearbeitung und Charakterisierung von Materialien wird im Zuge der digitalen Transformation in der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnologie in verschiedenen Projekten behandelt. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf der Interoperabilität von Daten und Anwendungen, die nach den FAIR-Prinzipien erstellt und veröffentlicht werden. Zur Umsetzung eines komplexen Datenmanagements und der Digitalisierung im Bereich der Materialwissenschaften gewinnen Ontologien zunehmend an Bedeutung. Sie ermöglichen sowohl menschenlesbare als auch maschinenverständliche und -interpretierbare Wissensrepräsentationen durch semantische Konzeptualisierungen.
Im Rahmen des Projektes Plattform MaterialDigital (PMD, materialdigital.de), welches in dieser Präsentation vorgestellt wird, werden Ontologien verschiedener Ebenen entwickelt (verbindende mid-level sowie Domänen-Ontologien). Die PMD-Kernontologie (PMD Core Ontology - PMDco) ist eine Ontologie der mittleren Ebene, die Verbindungen zwischen spezifischeren MSE-Anwendungsontologien und domänenneutralen Konzepten herstellt, die in bereits etablierten Ontologien höherer Ebenen (top-level Ontology) verwendet werden. Sie stellt somit einen umfassenden Satz von durch Konsensbildung in der Gemeinschaft (geteiltes Vokabular) entstanden Bausteinen grundlegender Konzepte aus der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik (MSE) dar. In dieser Präsentation wird die PMDco adressiert.
Weiterhin wird eine auf die PMDco bezogene normenkonforme ontologische Repräsentation zur Speicherung und Weiterverarbeitung von Zugversuchsdaten – die Tensile Test Ontology (TTO) – präsentiert, die in enger Zusammenarbeit mit dem zugehörigen DIN-Standardisierungsgremium NA 062-01-42 AA erstellt wurde. Dies umfasst den Weg von der Entwicklung einer Ontologie nach Norm, der Konvertierung von Daten aus Standardtests in das interoperable RDF-Format bis hin zur Verbindung von Ontologie und Daten. Auf Grundlage der dabei entwickelten Struktur und Vorgehensweise können weitere Materialcharakterisierungsmethoden semantisch beschrieben werden, woraus sich in diesem Zusammenhang Kooperationsmöglichkeiten ergeben.
The current lack of quantitative knowledge on processing-microstructure–property relationships is one of the major bottlenecks in today’s rapidly expanding field of additive manufacturing. This is centrally rooted in the nature of the processing, leading to complex microstructural features. Experimentally-guided modeling can offer reliable solutions for the safe application of additively manufactured materials. In this work, we combine a set of systematic experiments and modeling to address creep anisotropy and its correlation with microstructural characteristics in laser-based powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) additively manufactured Inconel-738LC (IN738LC). Three sample orientations (with the tensile axis parallel, perpendicular, and 45° tilted, relative to the building direction) are crept at 850 °C, accompanied by electron backscatter secondary diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigations. A crystal plasticity (CP) model for Ni-base superalloys, capable of modeling different types of slip systems, is developed and combined with various polycrystalline representative volume elements (RVEs) built on the experimental measurements. Besides our experiments, we verify our modeling framework on electron beam powder bed fusion (PBF-EB/M) additively manufactured Inconel-738LC. The results of our simulations show that while the crystallographic texture alone cannot explain the observed creep anisotropy, the superlattice extrinsic stacking faults (SESF) and related microtwinning slip systems play major roles as active deformation mechanisms. We confirm this using TEM investigations, revealing evidence of SESFs in crept specimens. We also show that the elongated grain morphology can result in higher creep rates, especially in the specimens with a tilted tensile axis.
Self-healing polymers have been developed to improve durability and reduce costs associated with maintenance during service. The addition of thermoplastics to thermosets to produce mendable polymers appears as a promising selfhealing technique. In this study, poly (ethylene-co-methacrylic acid) (EMAA) was added to epoxy resin and the effects of EMAA addition on epoxy properties were evaluated. Specimens with two different contents of thermoplastic and particles sizes were manufactured. A two-level full factorial experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of particle size and particle content on properties of epoxy modified with addition of EMAA. Tensile tests and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were used and the evaluated responses were tensile strength, modulus of elasticity, and glass transition temperature (Tg). X-ray computed tomography (XCT) was used to investigate particle size and concentration after manufacturing. It was found that the particle concentration has greater effects on stress–strain behavior of epoxy while Tg was not significantly affected by neither of the analyzed entrance variables.
Die HÜTTE ist ein Kompendium und Nachschlagewerk für unterschiedliche Aufgabenstellungen. Durch Kombination der Einzeldisziplinen dieses Wissenskreises kann das multidisziplinäre Grundwissen für die verschiedenen Technikbereiche und Ingenieuraufgaben zusammengestellt werden.
Die HÜTTE enthält in drei Bänden - orientiert am Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik und den Lehrplänen der Technischen Universitäten und Hochschulen - die Grundlagen des Ingenieurwissens.
Band 3 enthält die Elektro- und informationstechnische Grundlagen.
Lightweighting as a cross-cutting technology contributes significantly to achieve the European Green Deal goals. Based on, but not limited to, advanced materials and production technologies, the demand for natural resources and CO2 emmissions are reduced by lightweighting during production, as well as use phase. Therefore, lightweighting is a crucial transformation technology assisting in decoupling economic growth from resource consumption. In this manner, lightweighting contributes significantly as a key technology of relevance for many industrial sectors such as energy, mobility, and infrastructure, towards resource efficiency, climate action and economic strength, as well as a resilient Europe. To strengthen international partnerships, addressing global issues of today at the edge of science with high performance lightweight material based on carbon fibers, an overview about the BAM expertise in carbon fiber reinforced materials is given.
This research deals with the development of the Vickers hardness knowledge graph, mapping the example dataset in them, and exporting the data-mapped knowledge graph as a machine-readable Resource Description Framework (RDF). Modeling the knowledge graph according to the standardized test procedure and using the appropriate upper-level ontologies were taken into consideration to develop the highly standardized, incorporable, and industrial applicable models. Furthermore, the Ontopanel approach was utilized for mapping the real experimental data in the developed knowledge graphs and the resulting RDF files were successfully evaluated through the SPARQL queries.
Zirconium vanadate (ZrV2O7) is a well-known negative thermal expansion (NTE) material which exhibits significant isotropic contraction over a broad temperature range (~150°C < T < 800°C). The linear thermal expansion coefficient of ZrV2O7 is −7.1×10-6 K-. Therefore, it can be used to create composites with controllable expansion coefficients and prevent destruction by thermal shock.
Material characterization, leading to application, requires pure, homogenous samples of high crystallinity via a reliable synthesis route. While there is a selection of described syntheses in the literature, it still needs to be addressed which synthesis route leads to truly pure and homogenous samples. Here, we study the influence of the synthesis methods (solid-state, sol-gel, solvothermal) and their parameters on the sample's purity, crystallinity, and homogeneity. The reproducibility of results and data obtained with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA) were analyzed extensively. The sol-gel method proves superior to the solid-state method and produces higher-quality samples over varying parameters. Sample purity also plays an important role in NTE micro and macro-scale characterizations that explain the impact of porosity versus structural changes.
Moreover, we implement ab-initio-based vibrational computations with partially treated anharmonicity (quasi-harmonic approximation, temperature-dependent effective harmonic potentials) in combination with experimental methods to follow and rationalize the negative thermal expansion in this material, including the influence of the local structure disorder, microstructure, and defects. Khosrovani et al. and Korthuis et al., in a series of diffraction experiments, attributed the thermal contraction of ZrV2O7 to the transverse thermal motion of oxygen atoms in V-O-V linkages. In addition to previous explanations, we hypothesize that local disorder develops in ZrV2O7 crystals during heating.
We are working on the experimental ZrV2O7 development and discuss difficulties one might face in the process as well as high-quality sample significance in further investigation. The obtained samples are currently used in the ongoing research of structure analysis and the negative thermal expansion mechanism.
Zirconium vanadate (ZrV2O7) is a well-known negative thermal expansion (NTE) material which exhibits significant isotropic contraction over a broad temperature range (~150°C < T < 800°C). The linear thermal expansion coefficient of ZrV2O7 is −7.1×10-6 K-. Therefore, it can be used to create composites with controllable expansion coefficients and prevent destruction by thermal shock.
Material characterization, leading to application, requires pure, homogenous samples of high crystallinity via a reliable synthesis route. While there is a selection of described syntheses in the literature, it still needs to be addressed which synthesis route leads to truly pure and homogenous samples. Here, we study the influence of the synthesis methods (solid-state, sol-gel, solvothermal) and their parameters on the sample's purity, crystallinity, and homogeneity. The reproducibility of results and data obtained with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA) were analyzed extensively. The sol-gel method proves superior to the solid-state method and produces higher-quality samples over varying parameters. Sample purity also plays an important role in NTE micro and macro-scale characterizations that explain the impact of porosity versus structural changes.
Moreover, we implement ab-initio-based vibrational computations with partially treated anharmonicity (quasi-harmonic approximation, temperature-dependent effective harmonic potentials) in combination with experimental methods to follow and rationalize the negative thermal expansion in this material, including the influence of the local structure disorder, microstructure, and defects. Khosrovani et al. and Korthuis et al., in a series of diffraction experiments, attributed the thermal contraction of ZrV2O7 to the transverse thermal motion of oxygen atoms in V-O-V linkages. In addition to previous explanations, we hypothesize that local disorder develops in ZrV2O7 crystals during heating.
We are working on the experimental ZrV2O7 development and discuss difficulties one might face in the process as well as high-quality sample significance in further investigation. The obtained samples are currently used in the ongoing research of structure analysis and the negative thermal expansion mechanism.
Zirconium vanadate (ZrV2O7) is a well-known negative thermal expansion (NTE) material which exhibits significant isotropic contraction over a broad temperature range (~150°C < T < 800°C). The linear thermal expansion coefficient of ZrV2O7 is −7.1×10-6 K-1. Therefore, it can be used to create composites with controllable expansion coefficients and prevent destruction by thermal shock.
Material characterization, leading to application, requires pure, homogenous samples of high crystallinity via a reliable synthesis route. While there is a selection of described syntheses in the literature, it still needs to be addressed which synthesis route leads to truly pure and homogenous samples. Here, we study the influence of the synthesis methods (solid-state, sol-gel, solvothermal) and their parameters on the sample's purity, crystallinity, and homogeneity. The reproducibility of results and data obtained with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis (DSC/TGA) were analyzed extensively. The sol-gel method proves superior to the solid-state method and produces higher-quality samples over varying parameters. Sample purity also plays an important role in NTE micro and macro-scale characterizations that explain the impact of porosity versus structural changes.
Moreover, we implement ab-initio-based vibrational computations with partially treated anharmonicity (quasi-harmonic approximation, temperature-dependent effective harmonic potentials) in combination with experimental methods to follow and rationalize the negative thermal expansion in this material, including the influence of the local structure disorder, microstructure, and defects. Khosrovani et al. and Korthuis et al., in a series of diffraction experiments, attributed the thermal contraction of ZrV2O7 to the transverse thermal motion of oxygen atoms in V-O-V linkages. In addition to previous explanations, we hypothesize that local disorder develops in ZrV2O7 crystals during heating.
We are working on the experimental ZrV2O7 development and discuss difficulties one might face in the process as well as high-quality sample significance in further investigation. The obtained samples are currently used in the ongoing research of structure analysis and the negative thermal expansion mechanism.
Iron aluminides, already reported in the late 19th century, did not cease to attract the interest of scientists and engineers ever since. Besides good oxidation resistance, low density and resource availability, potentials for hightemperature strengths that compete with high-alloy steels were unlocked by low alloy contents. Still, research on alloy design continues, as alloying usually comes at the price of brittleness in low-temperature regimes. A potential candidate is the quinary Fe–Al–Mo–Ti–B system which is strengthened by solid solution and eutectic borides. It was shown to have good strength and outstanding creep resistance under compressive loading up to elevated temperatures. Although the individual effect of alloy additions is well understood in iron aluminides, little is known about the combined effects of alloying concentrations on microstructure, phase stability and mechanical properties. Therefore a systematic study of two Ti-doped near-Fe3Al alloys with varying contents of Mo (2–4 at.%) and B (0.5–1 at.%) was conducted. In total eight different alloys were fabricated by investment casting into ceramic shell molds. Alloys were characterized and compared by grain size, phase transitions, microstructure evolution as well as elemental compositions and volume fractions of phases. For mechanical characterization, macrohardness and microhardness tests as well as tensile tests at ambient and high tempera tures were conducted. Independent of alloy additions, alloys with 24–25 at.% Al exhibit superior proof strength due to a higher matrix hardness. Decreasing B content generally decreases strength by lower secondary phase fractions which contribute via particle hardening. Reducing Mo content decreases both the solute concentration in the matrix and secondary phase fractions. Surprisingly, strength is similar or even superior to alloys with higher Mo content. Strength relations are discussed with a focus on solid-solution hardening theory and other competing strengthening mechanisms.
Die Nutzung von Sensortechnologien, insbesondere im Bereich der Gasdetektion mit einem Schwerpunkt auf Wasserstoff, spielt eine entscheidende Rolle in verschiedenen Anwendungsbereichen der Wasserstofftechnologie. Sicherheitsüberwachung, Leckdetektion und Prozesskontrolle gehören zu den prominenten Anwendungsgebieten dieser Sensortechnologien. Ein zentrales Ziel ist die Erkennung von freigesetztem Wasserstoff sowie die genaue Bestimmung des Wasserstoff-Luftverhältnisses mithilfe von Gassensoren. Dies ist von entscheidender Bedeutung, um potenzielle Gefahren frühzeitig zu erkennen und angemessene Maßnahmen zu ergreifen.
Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt dieses Beitrags liegt auf der Analytik und der Verwendung zertifizierter Referenzmaterialien in Verbindung mit Metrologie für die Wasserstoffspeicherung. Dies gewährleistet eine präzise und zuverlässige Charakterisierung von Wasserstoff und unterstützt die Entwicklung sicherer Speichertechnologien. Im Rahmen des Euramet-Vorhabens Metrology for Advanced Hydrogen Storage Solutions (MefHySto) wird eine Kurzvorstellung präsentiert.
Der Vortrag stellt zwei zerstörungsfreie Prüfverfahren zum strukturellen Zustandsüberwachung (Structural Health Monitoring, SHM) für Wasserstofftechnologien vor. Insbesondere die Fehlstellenerkennung mittels geführter Ultraschallwellen spielt eine bedeutende Rolle bei der Lebensdauerüberwachung von Wasserstoffspeichern. Ein weiterer Aspekt ist die Anwendung faseroptischer Sensorik zur Schadensfrüherkennung von Wasserstoffspeichern. Diese zerstörungsfreien Prüfverfahren ermöglichen eine präzise und frühzeitige Identifizierung von Schäden, was die Sicherheit und Effizienz von Wasserstoffspeichersystemen entscheidend verbessert.
Gypsum (CaSO4∙2H2O), bassanite (CaSO4∙0.5H2O), and anhydrite (CaSO4) are essential evaporite minerals for the evolution of hyper-arid surface environments on Earth and Mars (Voigt et al. 2019; Vaniman et al. 2018). The formation mechanism of especially anhydrite has been a matter of scientific debate for more than a century (van’t Hoff et al. 1903). To date, there exists no model that can reliably predict anhydrite formation at earth’s surface conditions. While thermodynamics favor its formation, it is hardly achieved on laboratory time scales at conditions fitting either the Atacama Desert on Earth, or the surface of Mars (Wehmann et al. 2023). In light of most recent developments (e.g. Stawski et al. 2016), that advocate for a complex, non-classical nucleation mechanism for all calcium sulphates, we present an analysis of natural samples from the Atacama Desert to identify key features that promote the nucleation and growth of anhydrite under planetary surface conditions. Our analyses reveal at least three distinct anhydrite facies, with differing mineralogy and micro- to nano-structures. The facies are (1) aeolian deposits with sub-μm grain sizes, (2) (sub-)surface nodules that formed from aeolian deposits and (3) selenites with secondary anhydrite rims. Possible mechanisms of their formation will be discussed.
The high-temperature corrosion behaviors of the equimolar CrCoNi medium- and CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloy were studied in a gas atmosphere consisting of a volumetric mixture of 10% H2O, 2% O2, 0.5% SO2, and 87.5% Ar at 800 °C for up to 96 h. Both alloys were initially single-phase fcc structured and showed a mean grain size of ~50 µm and a homogeneous chemical composition. The oxide layer thickness of the Cantor alloy CrMnFeCoNi increased linearly with exposure time while it remained constant at ~1 µm for CrCoNi. A Cr2O3 layer and minor amounts of (Co,Ni)Cr2O4 developed on CrCoNi while three layers were detected on the Cantor alloy. These layers were a thin and continuous chromium rich oxide layer at the oxide/alloy interface, a dense (Mn,Cr)3O4 layer in the center and a thick and porous layer of Mn3O4 and MnSO4 at the gas/oxide interface. Additionally, a few metal sulfides were observed in the CrMnFeCoNi matrix. These results were found to be in reasonable agreement with thermodynamic calculations.
Introduction
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are one key technology to overcome the climate crisis and energy transition challenges. Demands of electric vehicles on higher capacity and power drives research on innovative cathode and anode materials. These high energy-density LIBs are operated at higher voltages, leading to increased electrolyte decay and the current collectors' degradation. Even though this fundamental corrosion process significantly affects battery performance, insufficient research is being done on the aluminum current collector. Fast and convenient analytical methods are needed for monitoring the aging processes in LIBs.
Methods
In this work glow-discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) was used for depth profile analysis of aged cathode material. The measurements were performed in pulsed radio frequency mode. Under soft and controlled plasma conditions, high-resolution local determination (in depth) of the elemental composition is possible. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with a focused ion beam (FIB) cutting and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) was used to confirm GD-OES results and obtain additional information on elemental distribution.
Results
The aging of coin cells manufactured with different cathode materials (LCO, LMO, NMC111, NMC424, NMC532, NMC622, and NMC811) was studied. GD-OES depth profiling of new and aged cathode materials was performed. Quantitative analysis was possible through calibration with synthetic standards and correction by sputter rate. Different amounts of aluminum deposit on the cathode surface were found for different materials. The deposit has its origin in the corrosion of the aluminum current collector. The results are compatible with results from FIB-EDX. However, GD-OES is a faster and less laborious analytical method. Therefore, it will accelerate research on corrosion processes in high energy-density batteries.
Innovative aspects
- Quantitative depth profiling of cathode material
-Monitoring of corrosion processes in high energy-density lithium-ion batteries
- Systematic investigation of the influence of different cathode materials