5 Werkstofftechnik
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (121)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (71)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (24)
- Forschungsdatensatz (21)
- Posterpräsentation (20)
- Buchkapitel (7)
- Dissertation (4)
- Forschungsbericht (4)
- Sammelband (Herausgeberschaft für den kompletten Band) (3)
- Monografie (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (227)
- Deutsch (49)
- Französisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Ontology (33)
- Creep (27)
- Microstructure (23)
- Additive manufacturing (21)
- LCF (16)
- Additive Manufacturing (14)
- Degradation (13)
- Fatigue (13)
- Ti-6Al-4V (13)
- Aluminium (11)
- Alloy 2618A (10)
- Coarsening (10)
- FAIR (10)
- 316L (9)
- Aging (9)
- EN AW-2618A (9)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (9)
- Transmission electron microscopy (9)
- Crystal plasticity (8)
- Digitalization (8)
- Nickel-base superalloys (8)
- Ontologie (8)
- Residual stress (8)
- S-phase (8)
- Semantic Web Technologies (8)
- AGIL (7)
- AISI 316L (7)
- Additive Fertigung (7)
- Aluminium alloy (7)
- Anisotropy (7)
- Kriechen (7)
- Mechanical testing (7)
- Plattform MaterialDigital (7)
- Semantic Interoperability (7)
- Thermomechanical fatigue (7)
- Zugversuch (7)
- Data Interoperability (6)
- Knowledge Representation (6)
- Mikrostruktur (6)
- P92 (6)
- TMF (6)
- Computed Tomography (5)
- Crack growth (5)
- Damage (5)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DFTEM) (5)
- Data mapping (5)
- Digitalisierung (5)
- FAIR data (5)
- FAIR data management (5)
- Fe-Al alloys (5)
- HIP (5)
- Intermetallics (5)
- Iron aluminides (5)
- Knowledge graph and ontologies (5)
- Laser powder bed fusion (5)
- PMD Core Ontology (5)
- Reference data (5)
- Shear modulus (5)
- Stress relaxation (5)
- Tensile Test (5)
- Tensile testing (5)
- Wissensrepräsentation (5)
- Young's modulus (5)
- Aluminum alloys (4)
- Brinell hardness (4)
- Creep-fatigue (4)
- Data Fusion (4)
- EBSD (4)
- Elastic modulus (4)
- Electron microscopy (4)
- Fatigue crack growth (4)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (4)
- Microstrucrue Design (4)
- Ni-Resist (4)
- Normung (4)
- Phase-field simulation (4)
- Plattform Material Digital (4)
- Scale-bridging (4)
- Schädigung (4)
- Superalloy (4)
- Tensile Test Ontology (4)
- Tensile test (4)
- Virtual experiments (4)
- Crack (3)
- Crack propagation (3)
- Crack tip opening displacement (3)
- Creep behavior (3)
- Creep data (3)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (3)
- Diffraction (3)
- Digtial Representation (3)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (3)
- Ferritic-martensitic steels (3)
- Fractography (3)
- Hardness (3)
- Heat treatment (3)
- High temperature mechanical properties (3)
- IN 718 (3)
- Interoperability (3)
- Knowledge graph (3)
- Lebensdauer (3)
- Low cycle fatigue (3)
- Mechanical behavior (3)
- Mechanische Eigenschaften (3)
- Metadata schema (3)
- Microstructure evolution (3)
- Ontologies (3)
- PBF-LB/M/316L (3)
- PMDco (3)
- Phase-field (3)
- Precipitation (3)
- Referenzdaten (3)
- Reproducibility (3)
- Research Data Management (3)
- S-Phase (3)
- Semantic Data (3)
- Semantic Web (3)
- Single-crystals (3)
- Superalloys (3)
- Superlegierung (3)
- Syngle Crystal alloy (3)
- Tempered Martensite Ferritic Steels (3)
- Tempered martensite-ferritic steel (3)
- Tensile data (3)
- Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue (3)
- Al-Cu-Li alloys (2)
- Alterung (2)
- Aluminium Alloy (2)
- Aluminum (2)
- Aluminum alloy (2)
- CALPHAD (2)
- CT (2)
- Casting (2)
- Chemo-mechanical coupling (2)
- Computed tomography (2)
- Concrete (2)
- Continnum damage model (2)
- Copper (2)
- Copper alloys (2)
- Creep-Fatigue (2)
- Cyclic softening (2)
- Data Management (2)
- Data Structures (2)
- Data management (2)
- Dataset (2)
- Density-based Thermodynamics (2)
- Density-based model (2)
- Densty-based Thermodynamics (2)
- Diffraction Elastic Constants (2)
- Diffusion (2)
- Digital material representation (2)
- Digital representation (2)
- Digitization (2)
- Dislocation (2)
- Dislocations (2)
- Elasticity (2)
- Electron Backscatter Diffraction (2)
- Electron backscatter diffraction (2)
- Environmentally assisted cracking (2)
- FAIR Data Management (2)
- Fatigue performance (2)
- Fatigue testing (2)
- Finite element analysis (2)
- Fracture mechanics (2)
- Glass forming (2)
- High Cycle Fatigue (2)
- High Temperature Testing (2)
- Joined nickel-based alloys (2)
- Kleinprobenprüfung (2)
- Knowledge Graph (2)
- Laser Powder Bed fusion (2)
- Long-term behavior (2)
- Mass transport (2)
- Material digital (2)
- Materials science (2)
- Metal seal (2)
- Micromechanical model (2)
- Microstructure-property-correlation (2)
- Multiaxial deformation (2)
- NFDI (2)
- Neutron diffraction (2)
- Nickel-base alloy (2)
- Notches (2)
- Ontologien (2)
- Ontology development (2)
- Ostwald ripening (2)
- PMD (2)
- Parametric modeling (2)
- Plastic deformation (2)
- Polymer (2)
- Probengrößeneffekt (2)
- Rapid solidification (2)
- Residual Stress (2)
- S355 steel sheet (2)
- Semantic Representation (2)
- Semantic web (2)
- Semantisches Web (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Simulation of concrete (2)
- Single-Crystal (2)
- Standard (2)
- Standardisierung (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Structural steel (2)
- Superconducting magnet (2)
- Symmetric dwell periods (2)
- TEM (2)
- Tensile Properties (2)
- Thermodynamics (2)
- Ti64 (2)
- TiAl5V4 (2)
- Titan (2)
- Titanium (2)
- Under cyclic loading (2)
- Vickers hardness (2)
- Viscoplasticity (2)
- Wall thickness (2)
- Zugeigenschaften (2)
- 316L stainless steel (1)
- 3D-finite element modeling (1)
- 9-12% Cr ferritic-martensitic steels (1)
- 9-12%Cr steel (1)
- 9–12%Cr steel (1)
- AM (1)
- Abgasturbolader Heißteile (1)
- Accelerated integration scheme (1)
- Accelerated temporal integration (1)
- Accessible (1)
- Age hardening (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Al alloys (1)
- Al-Cu alloy (1)
- Al-Cu-Li-alloy (1)
- Al-Li alloys (1)
- Al2CuMg (1)
- Allgemeine Grundlagen (1)
- Alloy 2818A (1)
- Alloy design (1)
- Alloy microstructure (1)
- Aluminiumlegierung (1)
- Aluminum Alloy Aging (1)
- Anwendungen (1)
- Atomistic simulations (1)
- Aufbau von Festkörpern (1)
- Austenite-to-martensite phase transformation (1)
- Austenitic cast iron (1)
- Austenitischer Stahl (1)
- Automatable digital approach (1)
- Automated finite element analysis (1)
- Automated image analysis (1)
- Automation (1)
- Automatische Finite Element Simulation (1)
- Beanspruchung (1)
- Bitter technique (1)
- Bruch (1)
- CKAN (1)
- CMSX4 (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Carbon steel (1)
- Centrifugal casting (1)
- Centrifugal compressor wheel (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Charpy test (1)
- Chemische Analyse (1)
- Coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- Complex borides (1)
- Compositionally complex alloys (1)
- Contact mechanics (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Craze-crack mechanism (1)
- Creep behaviour (1)
- Creep mechanisms (1)
- Creep, Creep Rupture, and Stress Rupture (1)
- Creep-fatigue interaction (1)
- Crystal Defects (1)
- Crystal Plasticity Modelling (1)
- Crystalline defects (1)
- Cyclic loading (1)
- Cyclic oxidation (1)
- DED-L (1)
- DIN (1)
- Damage Behavior (1)
- Damage behavior (1)
- Data Exchange (1)
- Data Integration (1)
- Data Mapping (1)
- Data format (1)
- Data infrastructures (1)
- Data linking (1)
- Data pipeline concept (1)
- Data storage (1)
- Data structure (1)
- Datenfusion (1)
- Datenökosystem (1)
- Defects (1)
- Defects engineering (1)
- Defects phase diagram (1)
- Defects thermodynamics (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Deformation mechanisms (1)
- Demonstrators (1)
- Die casting (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- Digital Transformation (1)
- Digital image correlation (1)
- Digital representations (1)
- Digital workflow (1)
- Digital workflows (1)
- Digitalizations (1)
- Domain Ontology Development (1)
- Dwell periods (1)
- Dwell times (1)
- Dwell-Fatigue (1)
- EN AW 2618A (1)
- EN AW 2618A a (1)
- Eigenschaften (1)
- Eigenspannung (1)
- Elastic constants (1)
- Elastic energy (1)
- Elctronic Lab Notebook (1)
- Electrical resistance (1)
- Electrochemical dressing (1)
- Electropolishing (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (ELN) (1)
- Elektrotechnische Grundlagen (1)
- Energiewende (1)
- Energy transition (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental Stress Cracking (1)
- Environmental stress cracking (ESC) (1)
- Ermüdung (1)
- Expanding cavity model (1)
- FAIR Data (1)
- FAIR data. (1)
- FAIR principles (1)
- FAIR research data management (1)
- FNCT (1)
- Fatigue crack propagation (1)
- Fatigue damage (1)
- Ferritic–martensitic steel (1)
- Finite elmenet simulation (1)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (1)
- Fourier series (1)
- Full notch creep test (FNCT) (1)
- Full-Notch Creep Test (1)
- Full-notch creep test (1)
- Fullerite (1)
- GMR (1)
- GMR sensors (1)
- Gefügeuntersuchung (1)
- Gefügte Nickelbasislegierungen (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Computer Science (1)
- General Engineering (1)
- General Materials Science (1)
- Glas (1)
- Gleichgewicht (1)
- Grade S960QL steel (1)
- Gradient-enhanced fatigue model (1)
- Grain Boundary Phase Diagram (1)
- Grain Boundary Segregation (1)
- Grain Boundary Spinodal (1)
- Grain boundaries (1)
- Grain boundary (1)
- Grain boundary phase diagram (1)
- Grain boundary thermodynamics (1)
- Graphic design (1)
- Grundlagen des Maschinenbaus (1)
- HCF (1)
- Hardness test (1)
- Heat Treatment (1)
- Hertzian cracks (1)
- High cycle fatigue (1)
- High entropy alloy (1)
- High entropy alloys (1)
- High-Entropy Alloys (1)
- High-entropy alloys (1)
- High-strength steel (1)
- High-temperature corrosion (1)
- Hochentropie-Legierung (1)
- Hochtemperatur (1)
- Hochtemperaturermüdung (1)
- Honing (1)
- Honing Stone (1)
- Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) (1)
- IN718 (1)
- In-Situ Testing (1)
- In-situ Process Monitoring (1)
- In-situ SEM micro shear deformation (1)
- In-situ diffraction (1)
- Inconel 718 (1)
- Incremental lifetime models (1)
- Indentation (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Informationstechnische Grundlagen (1)
- Interfacial Spinodal (1)
- Interfacial anisotropy (1)
- Interfacial free energy (1)
- Intermetallische FeAl-Legierungen (1)
- Interoperable (1)
- Inverse ostwald ripening (1)
- Investment casting (1)
- Irregular topography (1)
- Isostatic hot pressing (HIP) (1)
- Kennwertermittlung (1)
- Keramik (1)
- Knowledge Graphs (1)
- Knowledge graphs (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (1)
- Kriechermüdung (1)
- Kristallsystem (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- L-PBF 316L (1)
- LMD (1)
- Laser Poeder Bed Fusion (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) (1)
- Laser Scanning Microscopy (1)
- Laser beam melting (LBM) (1)
- Laser powder-based directed energy deposition (1)
- Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) (1)
- Laser-Pulverbettschmelzen (1)
- Layering misalignment (1)
- Lebensdauervorhersage (1)
- Legierung mit komplexer Zusammensetzung (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Lifetime prediction (1)
- Linked open data (1)
- Long-term aging (1)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) (1)
- Low carbon steel (1)
- Low strain (1)
- Low-Cycle Fatigue (LCF) (1)
- Low-Cycle-Fatigue (1)
- Low-cycle fatigue (1)
- Low-cycle fatigue. (1)
- Low-cycle-fatigue behaviour (1)
- Lötverbindung (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Magnetic domain distribution (1)
- Magnetic domains (1)
- Magnetic stray field (1)
- Magnetic stray fields (1)
- Magnetische Domänen (1)
- Magnetoelastic effect (1)
- Magnetoelastischer Effekt (1)
- Magnetomechanical effect (1)
- Martensitic transformation (1)
- Mat-o-lab (1)
- Material Life Cycle (1)
- Material degradation (1)
- Material modeling (1)
- MaterialDigital (1)
- Materialcharakterisierung (1)
- Materialentwicklung (1)
- Materialkreislauf (1)
- Materialprüfung (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materials Science (1)
- Materials Testing (1)
- Materials and Processes Data Reusability (1)
- Materials informatics (1)
- Materials science and engineering (1)
- Materials testing (1)
- Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen (1)
- Mechanical Engineering (1)
- Mechanical Properties (1)
- Mechanical anisotropy (1)
- Mechanics of Materials (1)
- Mechanisches Verhalten (1)
- Mechanistic Modelling (1)
- Mehrachsige Verformung (1)
- Mehrskalenmodell (1)
- Metal Magnetic Memory (1)
- Metal magnetic memory (1)
- Metall (1)
- Metals and Alloys (1)
- Micro computed tomography (1)
- Microstructural evolution (1)
- Microstructure analysis (1)
- Microstructure characterisation (1)
- Microstructure modification (1)
- Mid-Level Ontology for MSE (1)
- Mikro-Computertomographie (1)
- Mikrostrukturentwicklung (1)
- Mikrostrukturuntersuchung (1)
- Miniature specimens (1)
- Misfitting precipitate (1)
- Missing acknowledgment (1)
- Model (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modell (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- NFDI-MatWerk (1)
- NIST (1)
- Nanocrystalline alloys (1)
- Nanoindentation (1)
- NiTi (1)
- Nickel alloys (1)
- Nickel-base superalloy (1)
- Nimonic 75 (1)
- Non-destructive Materials (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Notch (1)
- Number density (1)
- Numerische Simulation (1)
- Ordering (1)
- Orowan Mechanism (1)
- Overaging (1)
- P92 steels (1)
- PE-HD (1)
- Phase Diagram (1)
- Phase field crystal (1)
- Phase field method (1)
- Phase field model (1)
- Phase field simulation (1)
- Phase stability (1)
- Phase-field model (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Platform Material Digital (1)
- Platform Material Digital (PMD) (1)
- Platform MaterialDigital (1)
- Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) (1)
- Plattform Material Digital (PMD) (1)
- Polyethylene (1)
- Pore (1)
- Pores (1)
- Porosity (1)
- Positron annihilation spectroscopy (1)
- Power plant (1)
- Precipitate shape (1)
- Precipitates (1)
- Precipitation Analysis (1)
- Precipitation hardening (1)
- Process development (1)
- Quantitative Precipitation Analysis (1)
- Quantitative image analysis (1)
- Radii distribution (1)
- Rafting (1)
- Reference Data (1)
- Reference Dataset (1)
- Reference material BCR-425 (1)
- Referenzmaterial (1)
- Referenzorganismus (1)
- Referenzverfahren (1)
- Reheating (1)
- Relaxation fatigue (1)
- Relaxation tests (1)
- Resonance testing (1)
- Reusability (1)
- Reusable data (1)
- Rissausbreitung (1)
- Risse (1)
- Rissform (1)
- Rissfortschritt (1)
- Rissverlauf (1)
- SEN-Probe (1)
- Safety (1)
- Schadenskunde (1)
- Selective laser melting (1)
- Selective laser melting (SLM) (1)
- Semantic Data Integration (1)
- Semantic Interioerability (1)
- Semantic Web technologies (1)
- Semantic data integration (1)
- Semantic interoperability (1)
- Semantic structuring (1)
- Semantische Daten (1)
- Shape memory alloy (1)
- Shape memory alloys (1)
- Shear testing (1)
- Simulationsgestützte Gießkonzepte (1)
- Single crystal superalloys (1)
- Single-crystal (1)
- Slow crack growth (SCG) (1)
- Solidification (1)
- Spinodal Decomposition (1)
- Spinodal decomposition (1)
- Standardisation (1)
- Strain difference (1)
- Strain energy (1)
- Strength (1)
- Stress-strain behavior (1)
- Stress-strain-behavior (1)
- Structured Data (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Superalloy single crystals (1)
- T1 precipitate (1)
- TIG-welding (1)
- TMF experiments (1)
- Temperature dependence (1)
- Tempered martensite ferritic steels (1)
- Tensile properties (1)
- Tensile strength (1)
- Tensile stress relaxation (1)
- Tensile stress relaxation testing (1)
- Tensile tests (1)
- Texture (1)
- Thermal Cycling (1)
- Thermal expansion (1)
- Thermo-mechanical fatigue (1)
- Thermographie (1)
- Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF) (1)
- Thermomechanische Ermüdung (1)
- Thermophysikalische Eigenschaften (1)
- Thesaurus (1)
- Thickening (1)
- Tools (1)
- Topography (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (1)
- Tribologie (1)
- Ungleichgewicht (1)
- Unlegierter Baustahl (1)
- Vacancies (1)
- Verbundwerkstoff (1)
- Vernetzung (1)
- Vickers Hardness (1)
- Virtueller Materialdatenraum (1)
- Viskoplastisch (1)
- Visual ontology development (1)
- Vocabulary providers (1)
- Volume fraction (1)
- Werkstoffauswahl (1)
- Werkstoffkennwerte (1)
- Werkstoffmechanische Prüfung (1)
- Werkstoffprüfung (1)
- Workshop (1)
- X-ray computed tomography (CT) (1)
- Young`s modulus (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (1)
- Zugversuchsontologie (1)
- coarsening (1)
- hardness (1)
- microstructural changes (1)
- γ″ phase (1)
- θ′ phase (1)
- θ′-(Al2Cu) precipitate phase (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe (277) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (1)
Many metallic materials gain better mechanical properties through controlled heat treatments. For example, in age-hardenable aluminium alloys, the strengthening mechanism is based on the controlled formation of nanometre-sized precipitates, which represent obstacles to dislocation movement and consequently increase the strength. Precise tuning of the material microstructure is thus crucial for optimal mechanical behaviour under service condition of a component. Therefore, analysis of the microstructure, especially the precipitates, is essential to determine the optimum parameters for the interplay of material and heat treatment. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is utilized to identify precipitate types and orientations in the first step. Dark-field imaging (DF-TEM) is often used to image the precipitates and thereafter quantify their relevant dimensions. Often, these evaluations are still performed by manual image analysis, which is very time-consuming and to some extent also poses reproducibility problems.
Our work aims at a semantic representation of an automatable digital approach for this material specific characterization method under adaption of FAIR data practices. Based on DF-TEM images of different precipitation states of a wrought aluminium alloy, the modularizable, digital workflow of quantitative analysis of precipitate dimensions is described. The integration of this workflow into a data pipeline concept will also be discussed. Using ontologies, the raw image data, their respective contextual information, and the resulting output data of the quantitative image analysis can be linked in a triplestore. Publishing the digital workflow and the ontologies will ensure data reproducibility. In addition, the semantic structure enables data sharing and reuse for other applications and purposes, demonstrating interoperability.
The increasing importance of resource availability and closed-loop material cycles are driving materials research to reduce alloying content in conventional materials or even substitute them with more sustainable alternatives. Intermetallic iron aluminide alloys (FeAl) present a potential alternative. Many alloy concepts for improved high-temperature properties or ductility have already been successfully implemented in casting technologies on a laboratory scale. However, successful testing of FeAl alloys on an industrial scale was still pending at the beginning of the project.
Therefore, the aim of the project was to develop simulation based casting concepts for industrial casting processes using the base alloy Fe-26Al-4Mo-0.5Ti-1B and to narrow down process limits by means of hot cracking tests. Findings were transferred into practice-oriented guidelines for casting of iron aluminides, which is accessible to future applicants in SMEs. The focus was placed on centrifugal casting combined with investment casting or die casting. In addition to numerous design and casting process parameters, heat treatments and alloying additions (Al, Mo, B) were varied to determine the influence of alloying elements on castability, microstructure and mechanical properties. Data from microstructure analyses (microscopic imaging, determination of grain sizes as well as phase compositions and volume fractions, fractography), mechanical tests (hardness measurements, compression tests, ambient and high-temperature tensile tests, creep tests) as well as measurements of thermophysical properties could be generated on the base alloy. Correlations of materials data with process variables allowed conclusions to be drawn on strengthening mechanisms and ductility of the alloy and how they can be controlled in terms of processing and component design. Successful casting of highly complex components with thin wall thicknesses and optimised alloy compositions points out prospects for new fields of application.
The increasing importance of resource availability and closed-loop material cycles are driving materials research to reduce alloying content in conventional materials or even substitute them with more sustainable alternatives. Intermetallic iron aluminide alloys (FeAl) present a potential alternative. Many alloy concepts for improved high-temperature properties or ductility have already been successfully implemented in casting technologies on a laboratory scale. However, successful testing of FeAl alloys on an industrial scale was still pending at the beginning of the project.
Therefore, the aim of the project was to develop simulation-based casting concepts for industrial casting processes using the base alloy Fe-26Al-4Mo-0.5Ti-1B and to narrow down process limits by means of hot cracking tests. Findings were transferred into practice-oriented guidelines for casting of iron aluminides, which is accessible to future applicants in SMEs. The focus was placed on centrifugal casting combined with investment casting or die casting. In addition to numerous design and casting process parameters, heat treatments and alloying additions (Al, Mo, B) were varied to determine the influence of alloying elements on castability, microstructure and mechanical properties. Data from microstructure analyses (microscopic imaging, determination of grain sizes as well as phase compositions and volume fractions, fractography), mechanical tests (hardness measurements, compression tests, ambient and high-temperature tensile tests, creep tests) as well as measurements of thermophysical properties could be generated on the base alloy. Correlations of materials data with process variables allowed conclusions to be drawn on strengthening mechanisms and ductility of the alloy and how they can be controlled in terms of processing and component design. Successful casting of highly complex components with thin wall thicknesses and optimised alloy compositions points out prospects for new fields of application.
Reference datasets in the MSE domain represent specific material properties, e.g., structural, mechanical, … characteristics. A reference dataset must fulfill high-quality standards, not only in precision of measurement but also in a comprehensive documentation of material, processing, and testing history (metadata). This Infrastructure Use Case (IUC) of the consortium Materials Science and Engineering (MatWerk) of National Research Data Infrastructure (NFDI) aims to develop, together with BAM and other Participant Projects (PP), a framework for generating reference material datasets using creep data of a single crystal Ni-based superalloy as a best practice example. In a community-driven process, we aim to encourage the discussion and establish a framework for identifying reference material datasets. In this poster presentation, we highlight our current vision and activities and intend to stimulate the discussion about the topic reference datasets and future collaborations and work.
Tensile Test Ontology (TTO)
(2023)
This is the stable version 2.0.1 of the PMD ontology module of the tensile test (Tensile Test Ontology - TTO) as developed on the basis of the 2019 standard ISO 6892-1: Metallic materials - Tensile Testing - Part 1: Method of test at room temperature.
The TTO was developed in the frame of the PMD project. The TTO provides conceptualizations valid for the description of tensile test and corresponding data in accordance with the respective standard. By using TTO for storing tensile test data, all data will be well structured and based on a common vocabulary agreed on by an expert group (generation of FAIR data) which will lead to enhanced data interoperability. This comprises several data categories such as primary data, secondary data and metadata. Data will be human and machine readable. The usage of TTO facilitates data retrieval and downstream usage. Due to a close connection to the mid-level PMD core ontology (PMDco), the interoperability of tensile test data is enhanced and data querying in combination with other aspects and data within the broad field of material science and engineering (MSE) is facilitated.
The TTO class structure forms a comprehensible and semantic layer for unified storage of data generated in a tensile test including the possibility to record data from analysis, re-evaluation and re-use. Furthermore, extensive metadata allows to assess data quality and reproduce experiments. Following the open world assumption, object properties are deliberately low restrictive and sparse.
The damage mechanisms of metallic components produced by process laser powder bed fusion differ significantly from those typically observed in conventionally manufactured variants of the same alloy. This is due to the unique microstructures of additively manufactured materials. Herein, the focus is on the study of the evolution of creep damage in stainless steel 316L specimens produced by laser powder bed fusion. X-ray computed tomography is used to unravel the influence of the process-specific microstructure from the influence of the initial void distribution on creep damage mechanisms. The void distribution of two specimens tested at 600 °C and 650 °C is analyzed before a creep test, after an interruption, and after fracture. The results indicate that the formation of damage is not connected to the initial void distribution. Instead, damage accumulation at grain boundaries resulting from intergranular cracking is observed.
The elastic properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus) of Ni-based alloy Inconel IN718 were investigated between room temperature and 800 °C in an additively manufactured variant (laser powder bed fusion, PBF‑LB/M) and from a conventional process route (hot rolled bar). The moduli were determined using the dynamic resonance method. The data set includes information on processing parameters, heat treatments, grain size, specimen dimensions and weight, Young’s and shear modulus as well as their measurement uncertainty.
The dataset was generated in an accredited testing lab using calibrated measuring equipment. The calibrations meet the requirements of the test procedure and are metrologically traceable. The dataset was audited as BAM reference data.
This article reports temperature-dependent elastic properties (Young’s modulus, shear modulus) of three alloys measured by the dynamic resonance method. The alloys Ti-6Al-4V, Inconel IN718, and AISI 316 L were each investigated in a variant produced by an additive manufacturing processing route and by a conventional manufacturing processing route. The datasets include information on processing routes and parameters, heat treatments, grain size, specimen dimensions, and weight, as well as Young’s and shear modulus along with their measurement uncertainty. The process routes and methods are described in detail. The datasets were generated in an accredited testing lab, audited as BAM reference data, and are hosted in the open data repository Zenodo. Possible data usages include the verification of the correctness of the test setup via Young’s modulus comparison in low-cycle fatigue (LCF) or thermo-mechanical fatigue (TMF) testing campaigns, the design auf VHCF specimens and the use as input data for simulation purposes.
This article refers to the research article entitled “Creep-Fatigue of P92 in Service-Like Tests with Combined Stress- and Strain-Controlled Dwell Times” [1]. It presents experimental mechanical data from complex service-like creep-fatigue experiments performed isothermally at 620 °C and a low strain amplitude of 0.2 % on tempered martensite-ferritic grade P92 steel. The data sets in text file format provide cyclic deformation (min. and max. stresses) and the total (hysteresis) data of all recorded fatigue cycles for three different creep-fatigue experiments: 1) a standard relaxation fatigue (RF) test with symmetrical dwell times of three minutes introduced at minimum and maximum strain, 2) a fully strain-controlled service-like relaxation (SLR) test combining these three-minute peak strain dwells with a 30-minute dwell in between at zero strain, and 3) a partly stress-controlled service-like creep (SLC) test combining the three-minute peak strain dwells with 30-minute dwells at constant stress. Such service-like (SL) tests with additional long-term stress- and strain-controlled dwell times are non-standard, rare, and expensive, making these data very valuable. They may be used to approximate cyclic softening in the technically relevant range, for the design of complex SL experiments, or for detailed analyses of stress-strain hystereses (e.g., for stress or strain partitioning methods, for the determination of hysteresis energies (work), inelastic strain components, etc.). In addition, the latter analyses may supply important input for advanced parametric lifetime modeling of components under creep-fatigue loading or model calibration parameters.
The elastic properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus) of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V were investigated between room temperature and 400 °C in an additively manufactured variant (laser-based directed energy deposition with powder as feedstock, DED-LB/M) and from a conventional process route (hot rolled bar). The moduli were determined using the dynamic resonance method. The data set includes information on processing parameters, heat treatments, microstructure, grain size, specimen dimensions and weight, Young’s and shear modulus as well as their measurement uncertainty.
The dataset was generated in an accredited testing lab using calibrated measuring equipment. The calibrations meet the requirements of the test procedure and are metrologically traceable. The dataset was audited as BAM reference data.
The elastic properties (Young's modulus, shear modulus) of austenitic stainless steel AISI 316L were investigated between room temperature and 900 °C in an additively manufactured variant (laser powder bed fusion, PBF‑LB/M) and from a conventional process route (hot rolled sheet). The moduli were determined using the dynamic resonance method. The data set includes information on processing parameters, heat treatments, grain size, specimen dimensions and weight, Young’s and shear modulus as well as their measurement uncertainty.
The dataset was generated in an accredited testing lab using calibrated measuring equipment. The calibrations meet the requirements of the test procedure and are metrologically traceable. The dataset was audited as BAM reference data.
Creep-fatigue of P92 in service-like tests with combined stress- and strain-controlled dwell times
(2023)
Complex service-like relaxation- and creep-fatigue tests with strain- and stress-controlled dwells and fatigue cycle durations of approx. 2200 s were performed exemplarily on a grade P92 steel at 620 ◦C in this study. The results indicate deviations in the prevailing creep mechanisms of long-term relaxation and creep dwells, affecting subsequent dwells, load shifts, and the macroscopic softening behavior quite differently. In addition, fracture surfaces and longitudinal metallographic sections reveal intergranular crack growth for complex loading with stress-controlled dwells, whereas complex strain-controlled tests enhance oxidation and transgranular crack propagation. These findings substantiate the limited transferability of relaxation-fatigue to creep-fatigue conditions.
The damage mechanisms of metallic components produced by process laser powder bed fusion differ significantly from those typically observed in conventionally manufactured variants of the same alloy. This is due to the unique microstructures of additively manufactured materials. Herein, the focus is on the study of the evolution of creep damage in stainless steel 316L specimens produced by laser powder bed fusion. X-ray computed tomography is used to unravel the influence of the process-specific microstructure from the influence of the initial void distribution on creep damage mechanisms. The void distribution of two specimens tested at 600 °C and 650 °C is analyzed before a creep test, after an interruption, and after fracture. The results indicate that the formation of damage is not connected to the initial void distribution. Instead, damage accumulation at grain boundaries resulting from intergranular cracking is observed.
The materials mechanical testing ontology (MTO) was developed by collecting the mechanical testing vocabulary from ISO 23718 standard, as well as the standardized testing processes described for various mechanical testing of materials like tensile testing, Brinell hardness test, Vickers hardness test, stress relaxation test, and fatigue testing.
Versions info:
V2 developed using BFO+CCO top-level ontologies.
V3 developed using PROVO+PMDco top-level ontologies.
V4 developed using BFO+IOF top-level ontologies.
Repositories:
GitLab: https://gitlab.com/kupferdigital/ontologies/mechanical-testing-ontology
GitHub: https://github.com/HosseinBeygiNasrabadi/Mechanical-Testing-Ontology
MatPortal: https://matportal.org/ontologies/MTO
IndustryPortal: https://industryportal.enit.fr/ontologies/MTO
To accelerate the growth of Industry 4.0 technologies, the digitalization of mechanical testing laboratories as one of the main data-driven units of materials processing industries is introduced in this paper. The digital lab infrastructure consists of highly detailed and standard-compliant materials testing knowledge graphs for a wide range of mechanical testing processes, as well as some tools that enable the efficient ontology development and conversion of heterogeneous materials’ mechanical testing data to the machine-readable data of uniform and standardized structures. As a basis for designing such a digital lab, the mechanical testing ontology (MTO) was developed based on the ISO 23718 and ISO/IEC 21838-2 standards for the semantic representation of the mechanical testing experiments, quantities, artifacts, and report data. The trial digitalization of materials mechanical testing lab was successfully performed by utilizing the developed tools and knowledge graph of processes for converting the various experimental test data of heterogeneous structures, languages, and formats to standardized Resource Description Framework (RDF) data formats. The concepts of data storage and data sharing in data spaces were also introduced and SPARQL queries were utilized to evaluate how the introduced approach can result in the data retrieval and response to the competency questions. The proposed digital materials mechanical testing lab approach allows the industries to access lots of trustworthy and traceable mechanical testing data of other academic and industrial organizations, and subsequently organize various data-driven research for their faster and cheaper product development leading to a higher performance of products in engineering and ecological aspects.
Results of an extended TMF test program on grade P92 steel in the temperature range of 620 ◦C–300 ◦C, comprising in-phase (IP) and out-of-phase (OP) tests, partly performed with symmetric dwells at Tmax/Tmin, are presented. In contrast to previous studies, the low-strain regime is also illuminated, which approaches flexible operation in a power plant with start/stop cycles. At all strain amplitudes, the material performance is characterized by continuous cyclic softening, which is retarded in tests at lower strains but reaches similar magnitudes in the course of testing. In the investigated temperature range, the phase angle does not affect fatigue life in continuous experiments, whereas the IP condition is more detrimental in tests with dwells. Fractographic analyses indicate creep-dominated and fatigue-dominated damage for IP and OP, respectively. Analyses of the (micro)hardness distribution in the tested specimens suggest an enhanced microstructural softening in tests with dwell times for the low- but not for the high-strain regime. To rationalize the obtained fatigue data, the fracturemechanics-based DTMF concept, which was developed for TMF life assessment of ductile alloys, was applied. It is found that the DTMF parameter correlates well with the measured fatigue lives, suggesting that subcritical growth of cracks (with sizes from a few microns to a few millimeters) governs failure in the investigated range of strain amplitudes.
The heat-resistant cast iron EN-GJSA-XNiSiCr35-5-2 (Ni-Resist D-5S) was investigated for its fatigue crack growth behavior at room and high temperatures. Force-controlled tests were carried out at constant temperatures (20 °C, 500 °C, 700 °C) without and with hold time and different load ratios. The crack growth behavior was also characterized under TMF loading (Tmin = 400 °C, Tmax = 700 °C) by applying IP and OP conditions and different load ratios. Three different techniques were combined to monitor crack growth: potential drop, thermography, and compliance method. The effect of the different loading conditions on the fatigue crack growth behavior will be presented and discussed.
This is the stable version of the full-notch creep test ontology (OntoFNCT) that ontologically represents the full-notch creep test. OntoFNCT has been developed in accordance with the corresponding test standard ISO 16770:2019-09 Plastics - Determination of environmental stress cracking (ESC) of polyethylene - Full-notch creep test (FNCT).
The OntoFNCT provides conceptualizations that are supposed to be valid for the description of full-notch creep tests and associated data in accordance with the corresponding test standard. By using OntoFNCT for storing full-notch creep test data, all data will be well structured and based on a common vocabulary agreed on by an expert group (generation of FAIR data) which is meant to lead to enhanced data interoperability. This comprises several data categories such as primary data, secondary data and metadata. Data will be human and machine readable. The usage of OntoFNCT facilitates data retrieval and downstream usage. Due to a close connection to the mid-level PMD core ontology (PMDco), the interoperability of full-notch creep test data is enhanced and querying in combination with other aspects and data within the broad field of materials science and engineering (MSE) is facilitated.
The class structure of OntoFNCT forms a comprehensible and semantic layer for unified storage of data generated in a full-notch creep test including the possibility to record data from analysis and re-evaluation. Furthermore, extensive metadata allows to assess data quality and reliability. Following the open world assumption, object properties are deliberately low restrictive and sparse.
Unlike conventional alloys, which typically consist of one main element, high-entropy alloys (HEAs) contain five or more principal elements, which broaden chemical complexity and with it a realm of synergistic mechanisms. The AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr HEA initiated a subclass of Al-containing refractory (r)HEAs that has recently drawn attention [2]. The alloy has a superalloy-resembling B2/bcc nanostructure, which inspired its name refractory high entropy superalloy (RSA). With high-temperature (HT) compressive strengths beyond conventional Ni-based superalloys, this nanostructure could be used for improved HT structural applications. However, in the application-relevant HT regime the Al-Zr-rich B2 phase decomposes to form a hexagonal Al-Zr-based intermetallic (Al4-xZr5; x: 0..1) [3,4]. This work explores the fascinating yet fatal micromechanisms associated to this phase transformation, in the context of creep, annealing and oxidation experiments performed between 800 and 1200 °C.
The material was produced by arc-melting and heat treatment in argon, which lead to grain boundaries decorated with up to 7%. Interrupted constant-load creep tests were performed under vacuum (at 10-4 Pa), at 900–1100 °C with external tensile stresses of 30–120 MPa. Oxidation experiments were separately conducted for 24 hours at 800 and 1000 °C in both dry (21% O2 + 79% N2) and humid (8% O2 + 74% N2 + 18% H2O) air. After the experiments, the samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy to reveal degradation mechanisms. Crystallographic texture, orientation relationships and stabilization of an oxygen-containing iso structure (Al4-xZr5(Ox-y); y: 0..x) of the Al-Zr-rich intermetallic are found and discussed.
AbstractThis study applies Semantic Web technologies to advance Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) through the integration of diverse datasets. Focusing on a 2000 series age-hardenable aluminum alloy, we correlate mechanical and microstructural properties derived from tensile tests and dark-field transmission electron microscopy across varied aging times. An expandable knowledge graph, constructed using the Tensile Test and Precipitate Geometry Ontologies aligned with the PMD Core Ontology, facilitates this integration. This approach adheres to FAIR principles and enables sophisticated analysis via SPARQL queries, revealing correlations consistent with the Orowan mechanism. The study highlights the potential of semantic data integration in MSE, offering a new approach for data-centric research and enhanced analytical capabilities.