5 Werkstofftechnik
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (121)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (71)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (24)
- Forschungsdatensatz (21)
- Posterpräsentation (20)
- Buchkapitel (7)
- Dissertation (4)
- Forschungsbericht (4)
- Sammelband (Herausgeberschaft für den kompletten Band) (3)
- Monografie (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (227)
- Deutsch (49)
- Französisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Ontology (33)
- Creep (27)
- Microstructure (23)
- Additive manufacturing (21)
- LCF (16)
- Additive Manufacturing (14)
- Degradation (13)
- Fatigue (13)
- Ti-6Al-4V (13)
- Aluminium (11)
- Alloy 2618A (10)
- Coarsening (10)
- FAIR (10)
- 316L (9)
- Aging (9)
- EN AW-2618A (9)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (9)
- Transmission electron microscopy (9)
- Crystal plasticity (8)
- Digitalization (8)
- Nickel-base superalloys (8)
- Ontologie (8)
- Residual stress (8)
- S-phase (8)
- Semantic Web Technologies (8)
- AGIL (7)
- AISI 316L (7)
- Additive Fertigung (7)
- Aluminium alloy (7)
- Anisotropy (7)
- Kriechen (7)
- Mechanical testing (7)
- Plattform MaterialDigital (7)
- Semantic Interoperability (7)
- Thermomechanical fatigue (7)
- Zugversuch (7)
- Data Interoperability (6)
- Knowledge Representation (6)
- Mikrostruktur (6)
- P92 (6)
- TMF (6)
- Computed Tomography (5)
- Crack growth (5)
- Damage (5)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DFTEM) (5)
- Data mapping (5)
- Digitalisierung (5)
- FAIR data (5)
- FAIR data management (5)
- Fe-Al alloys (5)
- HIP (5)
- Intermetallics (5)
- Iron aluminides (5)
- Knowledge graph and ontologies (5)
- Laser powder bed fusion (5)
- PMD Core Ontology (5)
- Reference data (5)
- Shear modulus (5)
- Stress relaxation (5)
- Tensile Test (5)
- Tensile testing (5)
- Wissensrepräsentation (5)
- Young's modulus (5)
- Aluminum alloys (4)
- Brinell hardness (4)
- Creep-fatigue (4)
- Data Fusion (4)
- EBSD (4)
- Elastic modulus (4)
- Electron microscopy (4)
- Fatigue crack growth (4)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (4)
- Microstrucrue Design (4)
- Ni-Resist (4)
- Normung (4)
- Phase-field simulation (4)
- Plattform Material Digital (4)
- Scale-bridging (4)
- Schädigung (4)
- Superalloy (4)
- Tensile Test Ontology (4)
- Tensile test (4)
- Virtual experiments (4)
- Crack (3)
- Crack propagation (3)
- Crack tip opening displacement (3)
- Creep behavior (3)
- Creep data (3)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (3)
- Diffraction (3)
- Digtial Representation (3)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (3)
- Ferritic-martensitic steels (3)
- Fractography (3)
- Hardness (3)
- Heat treatment (3)
- High temperature mechanical properties (3)
- IN 718 (3)
- Interoperability (3)
- Knowledge graph (3)
- Lebensdauer (3)
- Low cycle fatigue (3)
- Mechanical behavior (3)
- Mechanische Eigenschaften (3)
- Metadata schema (3)
- Microstructure evolution (3)
- Ontologies (3)
- PBF-LB/M/316L (3)
- PMDco (3)
- Phase-field (3)
- Precipitation (3)
- Referenzdaten (3)
- Reproducibility (3)
- Research Data Management (3)
- S-Phase (3)
- Semantic Data (3)
- Semantic Web (3)
- Single-crystals (3)
- Superalloys (3)
- Superlegierung (3)
- Syngle Crystal alloy (3)
- Tempered Martensite Ferritic Steels (3)
- Tempered martensite-ferritic steel (3)
- Tensile data (3)
- Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue (3)
- Al-Cu-Li alloys (2)
- Alterung (2)
- Aluminium Alloy (2)
- Aluminum (2)
- Aluminum alloy (2)
- CALPHAD (2)
- CT (2)
- Casting (2)
- Chemo-mechanical coupling (2)
- Computed tomography (2)
- Concrete (2)
- Continnum damage model (2)
- Copper (2)
- Copper alloys (2)
- Creep-Fatigue (2)
- Cyclic softening (2)
- Data Management (2)
- Data Structures (2)
- Data management (2)
- Dataset (2)
- Density-based Thermodynamics (2)
- Density-based model (2)
- Densty-based Thermodynamics (2)
- Diffraction Elastic Constants (2)
- Diffusion (2)
- Digital material representation (2)
- Digital representation (2)
- Digitization (2)
- Dislocation (2)
- Dislocations (2)
- Elasticity (2)
- Electron Backscatter Diffraction (2)
- Electron backscatter diffraction (2)
- Environmentally assisted cracking (2)
- FAIR Data Management (2)
- Fatigue performance (2)
- Fatigue testing (2)
- Finite element analysis (2)
- Fracture mechanics (2)
- Glass forming (2)
- High Cycle Fatigue (2)
- High Temperature Testing (2)
- Joined nickel-based alloys (2)
- Kleinprobenprüfung (2)
- Knowledge Graph (2)
- Laser Powder Bed fusion (2)
- Long-term behavior (2)
- Mass transport (2)
- Material digital (2)
- Materials science (2)
- Metal seal (2)
- Micromechanical model (2)
- Microstructure-property-correlation (2)
- Multiaxial deformation (2)
- NFDI (2)
- Neutron diffraction (2)
- Nickel-base alloy (2)
- Notches (2)
- Ontologien (2)
- Ontology development (2)
- Ostwald ripening (2)
- PMD (2)
- Parametric modeling (2)
- Plastic deformation (2)
- Polymer (2)
- Probengrößeneffekt (2)
- Rapid solidification (2)
- Residual Stress (2)
- S355 steel sheet (2)
- Semantic Representation (2)
- Semantic web (2)
- Semantisches Web (2)
- Simulation (2)
- Simulation of concrete (2)
- Single-Crystal (2)
- Standard (2)
- Standardisierung (2)
- Standardization (2)
- Structural steel (2)
- Superconducting magnet (2)
- Symmetric dwell periods (2)
- TEM (2)
- Tensile Properties (2)
- Thermodynamics (2)
- Ti64 (2)
- TiAl5V4 (2)
- Titan (2)
- Titanium (2)
- Under cyclic loading (2)
- Vickers hardness (2)
- Viscoplasticity (2)
- Wall thickness (2)
- Zugeigenschaften (2)
- 316L stainless steel (1)
- 3D-finite element modeling (1)
- 9-12% Cr ferritic-martensitic steels (1)
- 9-12%Cr steel (1)
- 9–12%Cr steel (1)
- AM (1)
- Abgasturbolader Heißteile (1)
- Accelerated integration scheme (1)
- Accelerated temporal integration (1)
- Accessible (1)
- Age hardening (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Al alloys (1)
- Al-Cu alloy (1)
- Al-Cu-Li-alloy (1)
- Al-Li alloys (1)
- Al2CuMg (1)
- Allgemeine Grundlagen (1)
- Alloy 2818A (1)
- Alloy design (1)
- Alloy microstructure (1)
- Aluminiumlegierung (1)
- Aluminum Alloy Aging (1)
- Anwendungen (1)
- Atomistic simulations (1)
- Aufbau von Festkörpern (1)
- Austenite-to-martensite phase transformation (1)
- Austenitic cast iron (1)
- Austenitischer Stahl (1)
- Automatable digital approach (1)
- Automated finite element analysis (1)
- Automated image analysis (1)
- Automation (1)
- Automatische Finite Element Simulation (1)
- Beanspruchung (1)
- Bitter technique (1)
- Bruch (1)
- CKAN (1)
- CMSX4 (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Carbon steel (1)
- Centrifugal casting (1)
- Centrifugal compressor wheel (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Charpy test (1)
- Chemische Analyse (1)
- Coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- Complex borides (1)
- Compositionally complex alloys (1)
- Contact mechanics (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Craze-crack mechanism (1)
- Creep behaviour (1)
- Creep mechanisms (1)
- Creep, Creep Rupture, and Stress Rupture (1)
- Creep-fatigue interaction (1)
- Crystal Defects (1)
- Crystal Plasticity Modelling (1)
- Crystalline defects (1)
- Cyclic loading (1)
- Cyclic oxidation (1)
- DED-L (1)
- DIN (1)
- Damage Behavior (1)
- Damage behavior (1)
- Data Exchange (1)
- Data Integration (1)
- Data Mapping (1)
- Data format (1)
- Data infrastructures (1)
- Data linking (1)
- Data pipeline concept (1)
- Data storage (1)
- Data structure (1)
- Datenfusion (1)
- Datenökosystem (1)
- Defects (1)
- Defects engineering (1)
- Defects phase diagram (1)
- Defects thermodynamics (1)
- Deformation (1)
- Deformation mechanisms (1)
- Demonstrators (1)
- Die casting (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- Digital Transformation (1)
- Digital image correlation (1)
- Digital representations (1)
- Digital workflow (1)
- Digital workflows (1)
- Digitalizations (1)
- Domain Ontology Development (1)
- Dwell periods (1)
- Dwell times (1)
- Dwell-Fatigue (1)
- EN AW 2618A (1)
- EN AW 2618A a (1)
- Eigenschaften (1)
- Eigenspannung (1)
- Elastic constants (1)
- Elastic energy (1)
- Elctronic Lab Notebook (1)
- Electrical resistance (1)
- Electrochemical dressing (1)
- Electropolishing (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (ELN) (1)
- Elektrotechnische Grundlagen (1)
- Energiewende (1)
- Energy transition (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental Stress Cracking (1)
- Environmental stress cracking (ESC) (1)
- Ermüdung (1)
- Expanding cavity model (1)
- FAIR Data (1)
- FAIR data. (1)
- FAIR principles (1)
- FAIR research data management (1)
- FNCT (1)
- Fatigue crack propagation (1)
- Fatigue damage (1)
- Ferritic–martensitic steel (1)
- Finite elmenet simulation (1)
- Finite-Elemente-Methode (1)
- Fourier series (1)
- Full notch creep test (FNCT) (1)
- Full-Notch Creep Test (1)
- Full-notch creep test (1)
- Fullerite (1)
- GMR (1)
- GMR sensors (1)
- Gefügeuntersuchung (1)
- Gefügte Nickelbasislegierungen (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Computer Science (1)
- General Engineering (1)
- General Materials Science (1)
- Glas (1)
- Gleichgewicht (1)
- Grade S960QL steel (1)
- Gradient-enhanced fatigue model (1)
- Grain Boundary Phase Diagram (1)
- Grain Boundary Segregation (1)
- Grain Boundary Spinodal (1)
- Grain boundaries (1)
- Grain boundary (1)
- Grain boundary phase diagram (1)
- Grain boundary thermodynamics (1)
- Graphic design (1)
- Grundlagen des Maschinenbaus (1)
- HCF (1)
- Hardness test (1)
- Heat Treatment (1)
- Hertzian cracks (1)
- High cycle fatigue (1)
- High entropy alloy (1)
- High entropy alloys (1)
- High-Entropy Alloys (1)
- High-entropy alloys (1)
- High-strength steel (1)
- High-temperature corrosion (1)
- Hochentropie-Legierung (1)
- Hochtemperatur (1)
- Hochtemperaturermüdung (1)
- Honing (1)
- Honing Stone (1)
- Hot isostatic pressing (HIP) (1)
- IN718 (1)
- In-Situ Testing (1)
- In-situ Process Monitoring (1)
- In-situ SEM micro shear deformation (1)
- In-situ diffraction (1)
- Inconel 718 (1)
- Incremental lifetime models (1)
- Indentation (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Informationstechnische Grundlagen (1)
- Interfacial Spinodal (1)
- Interfacial anisotropy (1)
- Interfacial free energy (1)
- Intermetallische FeAl-Legierungen (1)
- Interoperable (1)
- Inverse ostwald ripening (1)
- Investment casting (1)
- Irregular topography (1)
- Isostatic hot pressing (HIP) (1)
- Kennwertermittlung (1)
- Keramik (1)
- Knowledge Graphs (1)
- Knowledge graphs (1)
- Knowledge representation (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (1)
- Kriechermüdung (1)
- Kristallsystem (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- L-PBF 316L (1)
- LMD (1)
- Laser Poeder Bed Fusion (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) (1)
- Laser Scanning Microscopy (1)
- Laser beam melting (LBM) (1)
- Laser powder-based directed energy deposition (1)
- Laser scanning microscopy (LSM) (1)
- Laser-Pulverbettschmelzen (1)
- Layering misalignment (1)
- Lebensdauervorhersage (1)
- Legierung mit komplexer Zusammensetzung (1)
- Life cycle (1)
- Lifetime prediction (1)
- Linked open data (1)
- Long-term aging (1)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (LCF) (1)
- Low carbon steel (1)
- Low strain (1)
- Low-Cycle Fatigue (LCF) (1)
- Low-Cycle-Fatigue (1)
- Low-cycle fatigue (1)
- Low-cycle fatigue. (1)
- Low-cycle-fatigue behaviour (1)
- Lötverbindung (1)
- Machine learning (1)
- Magnetic domain distribution (1)
- Magnetic domains (1)
- Magnetic stray field (1)
- Magnetic stray fields (1)
- Magnetische Domänen (1)
- Magnetoelastic effect (1)
- Magnetoelastischer Effekt (1)
- Magnetomechanical effect (1)
- Martensitic transformation (1)
- Mat-o-lab (1)
- Material Life Cycle (1)
- Material degradation (1)
- Material modeling (1)
- MaterialDigital (1)
- Materialcharakterisierung (1)
- Materialentwicklung (1)
- Materialkreislauf (1)
- Materialprüfung (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materials Science (1)
- Materials Testing (1)
- Materials and Processes Data Reusability (1)
- Materials informatics (1)
- Materials science and engineering (1)
- Materials testing (1)
- Mathematisch-naturwissenschaftliche Grundlagen (1)
- Mechanical Engineering (1)
- Mechanical Properties (1)
- Mechanical anisotropy (1)
- Mechanics of Materials (1)
- Mechanisches Verhalten (1)
- Mechanistic Modelling (1)
- Mehrachsige Verformung (1)
- Mehrskalenmodell (1)
- Metal Magnetic Memory (1)
- Metal magnetic memory (1)
- Metall (1)
- Metals and Alloys (1)
- Micro computed tomography (1)
- Microstructural evolution (1)
- Microstructure analysis (1)
- Microstructure characterisation (1)
- Microstructure modification (1)
- Mid-Level Ontology for MSE (1)
- Mikro-Computertomographie (1)
- Mikrostrukturentwicklung (1)
- Mikrostrukturuntersuchung (1)
- Miniature specimens (1)
- Misfitting precipitate (1)
- Missing acknowledgment (1)
- Model (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modell (1)
- Molecular dynamics (1)
- NFDI-MatWerk (1)
- NIST (1)
- Nanocrystalline alloys (1)
- Nanoindentation (1)
- NiTi (1)
- Nickel alloys (1)
- Nickel-base superalloy (1)
- Nimonic 75 (1)
- Non-destructive Materials (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Notch (1)
- Number density (1)
- Numerische Simulation (1)
- Ordering (1)
- Orowan Mechanism (1)
- Overaging (1)
- P92 steels (1)
- PE-HD (1)
- Phase Diagram (1)
- Phase field crystal (1)
- Phase field method (1)
- Phase field model (1)
- Phase field simulation (1)
- Phase stability (1)
- Phase-field model (1)
- Plasticity (1)
- Platform Material Digital (1)
- Platform Material Digital (PMD) (1)
- Platform MaterialDigital (1)
- Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) (1)
- Plattform Material Digital (PMD) (1)
- Polyethylene (1)
- Pore (1)
- Pores (1)
- Porosity (1)
- Positron annihilation spectroscopy (1)
- Power plant (1)
- Precipitate shape (1)
- Precipitates (1)
- Precipitation Analysis (1)
- Precipitation hardening (1)
- Process development (1)
- Quantitative Precipitation Analysis (1)
- Quantitative image analysis (1)
- Radii distribution (1)
- Rafting (1)
- Reference Data (1)
- Reference Dataset (1)
- Reference material BCR-425 (1)
- Referenzmaterial (1)
- Referenzorganismus (1)
- Referenzverfahren (1)
- Reheating (1)
- Relaxation fatigue (1)
- Relaxation tests (1)
- Resonance testing (1)
- Reusability (1)
- Reusable data (1)
- Rissausbreitung (1)
- Risse (1)
- Rissform (1)
- Rissfortschritt (1)
- Rissverlauf (1)
- SEN-Probe (1)
- Safety (1)
- Schadenskunde (1)
- Selective laser melting (1)
- Selective laser melting (SLM) (1)
- Semantic Data Integration (1)
- Semantic Interioerability (1)
- Semantic Web technologies (1)
- Semantic data integration (1)
- Semantic interoperability (1)
- Semantic structuring (1)
- Semantische Daten (1)
- Shape memory alloy (1)
- Shape memory alloys (1)
- Shear testing (1)
- Simulationsgestützte Gießkonzepte (1)
- Single crystal superalloys (1)
- Single-crystal (1)
- Slow crack growth (SCG) (1)
- Solidification (1)
- Spinodal Decomposition (1)
- Spinodal decomposition (1)
- Standardisation (1)
- Strain difference (1)
- Strain energy (1)
- Strength (1)
- Stress-strain behavior (1)
- Stress-strain-behavior (1)
- Structured Data (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Superalloy single crystals (1)
- T1 precipitate (1)
- TIG-welding (1)
- TMF experiments (1)
- Temperature dependence (1)
- Tempered martensite ferritic steels (1)
- Tensile properties (1)
- Tensile strength (1)
- Tensile stress relaxation (1)
- Tensile stress relaxation testing (1)
- Tensile tests (1)
- Texture (1)
- Thermal Cycling (1)
- Thermal expansion (1)
- Thermo-mechanical fatigue (1)
- Thermographie (1)
- Thermomechanical Fatigue (TMF) (1)
- Thermomechanische Ermüdung (1)
- Thermophysikalische Eigenschaften (1)
- Thesaurus (1)
- Thickening (1)
- Tools (1)
- Topography (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (1)
- Tribologie (1)
- Ungleichgewicht (1)
- Unlegierter Baustahl (1)
- Vacancies (1)
- Verbundwerkstoff (1)
- Vernetzung (1)
- Vickers Hardness (1)
- Virtueller Materialdatenraum (1)
- Viskoplastisch (1)
- Visual ontology development (1)
- Vocabulary providers (1)
- Volume fraction (1)
- Werkstoffauswahl (1)
- Werkstoffkennwerte (1)
- Werkstoffmechanische Prüfung (1)
- Werkstoffprüfung (1)
- Workshop (1)
- X-ray computed tomography (CT) (1)
- Young`s modulus (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (1)
- Zugversuchsontologie (1)
- coarsening (1)
- hardness (1)
- microstructural changes (1)
- γ″ phase (1)
- θ′ phase (1)
- θ′-(Al2Cu) precipitate phase (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe (277) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (1)
Laser powder bed fusion (PBF-LB/M) of metallic alloys is a layer wise additive manufacturing process which provides significant scope for more efficient designs of components, benefiting performance and weight, leading to efficiency improvements for various sectors of industry. However, to benefit from these design freedoms, knowledge of the high produced induced residual stress and mechanical property anisotropy associated with the unique microstructures is critical. X-ray and neutron diffraction are considered the benchmark for non-destructive characterization of surface and bulk internal residual stress. The latter, characterized by the high penetration power in most engineering alloys, allows for the use of diffraction angle close to 90° enabling a near cubic sampling volume to be specified. However, the complex microstructures of columnar growth with inherent crystallographic texture typically produced during PBF-LB/M of metallics present significant challenges to the assumptions typically required for time efficient determination of residual stress. These challenges include the selection of an appropriate set of diffraction elastic constants and a representative strain-free reference for the material of interest. In this presentation advancements in the field of diffraction-based residual stress analysis of L-PBF Inconel 718 will be presented. The choice of an appropriate set of diffraction-elastic constants depending on the underlying microstructure will be described.
The article covers data on the Brinell hardness of the forged precipitation-hardened aluminum alloy EN AW-2618A in the initial T61 condition (i. e. slightly underaged) and after isothermal aging for up to 25,0 0 0 h at aging temperatures between 160 °C and 350 °C. In addition, the hardness was determined on specimens after creep testing at 190 °C and various stresses. The hardness decreases with increasing ag- ing time due to the microstructural evolution of the harden- ing precipitates. The drop occurs faster the higher the aging temperature. Aging under creep load additionally accelerates the hardness decrease.
Within NFDI-MatWerk (“National Research Data Infrastructure for Material Sciences”/ “Nationale Forschungsdateninfrastruktur für Materialwissenschaften und Werkstofftechnik“), the Task Area Materials Data Infrastructure (TA-MDI) will provide tools and services to easily store, share, search, and analyze data and metadata. Such a digital materials environment will ensure data integrity, provenance, and authorship. The MatWerk consortium aims to develop specific solutions jointly with Participant Projects (PPs), which are scientific groups or institutes covering different domains, from theory and simulations to experiments. The Data Exploitation Methods group of the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology-Steinbuch Centre of Computing, as part of TA-MDI, is developing specific solutions in close collaboration with three PPs.
PP07, together with the University of Stuttgart, aims at the image-based prediction of the material properties of stochastic microstructures using large-scale supercomputers. PP13, in cooperation with the University of Saarland, focuses on tomographic methods at various scales in materials research. PP18, together with the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (“Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung”), aspires to define the criteria for materials reference datasets and usage analytics.
The requirements and goals are comparable for each PP: their research outputs, which are scientific datasets, should conform to the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable) principles. We aim to shape them from a data management perspective making use of the FAIR Digital Object concept, including structured metadata and storage solutions. The results will be a blueprint which will act as a reference for future datasets. Even though the collaboration is in an early stage, the initial steps already show the added value of this approach.
This research has been supported by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research
(BMBF) – funding code M532701 / the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German
Research Foundation) - project number NFDI 38/1, project no. 460247524.
Creep-fatigue of P92 in service-like tests with combined stress- and strain-controlled dwell times
(2023)
Complex service-like relaxation- and creep-fatigue tests with strain- and stress-controlled dwells and fatigue cycle durations of approx. 2200 s were performed exemplarily on a grade P92 steel at 620 ◦C in this study. The results indicate deviations in the prevailing creep mechanisms of long-term relaxation and creep dwells, affecting subsequent dwells, load shifts, and the macroscopic softening behavior quite differently. In addition, fracture surfaces and longitudinal metallographic sections reveal intergranular crack growth for complex loading with stress-controlled dwells, whereas complex strain-controlled tests enhance oxidation and transgranular crack propagation. These findings substantiate the limited transferability of relaxation-fatigue to creep-fatigue conditions.
Efforts towards digitalization in the material science and technology community have enhanced in the last years. In 2019 the German digitalization initiative platform „MaterialDigital“1 (MD) has been started. Numerous projects concerning digitalization, including the copper related project „KupferDigital“ (copper digital) have been initiated under the umbrella of MD. The initiative strives to
address numerous issues concerning data access, exchange, security, provenance and sovereignty. Heterogeneous data origin, storage and evaluation often result in problems concerning comparability and reproducibility of scientific and technological results. In many cases material data are recorded, but the methods of testing are insufficiently described, or such information is not communicated along with the raw data. The material data can also have numerous different formats such as paper printouts, pdfs, excel sheets or csv-files. Hence, gathering and integrating material data from different sources is challenging for potential users like materials scientists and engineers, especially if there are contradictory data where the reasons for contradictions is not clear due their vague description. In order to address these problems, data should comply to the so called „FAIR“ principle which calls for data to be findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR)2 and hence be accessible via so-called decentralized but interconnected data spaces. By using knowledge representation withontologies, data can be enriched with meaning and the methods of the testing procedures can be accurately provided. In this presentation we want to introduce our approach to such knowledge representation based on a high-throughput alloy development process for Cu-based alloys³ along with characterization techniques such as hardness testing and microstructural characterization (e.g. EBSD – Electron Backscattered Diffraction).
Kern des Projektes KupferDigital ist es, einen Demonstrator für ein digitales Datenökosystem zu erstellen, der der Digitalisierung der Materialforschung und der metallverarbeitenden Industrie als zukunftsfähige Plattform zur Verfügung stehen soll. Das Projekt KupferDigital entwickelt Methoden und Konzepte, um den Lebenszyklus am Beispiel von Kupfer – von der Erzgewinnung bis zum Recycling – digital zu erfassen. Grundlage ist die Entwicklung sogenannter Ontologien. Diese können als eine Art Wissensnetz verstanden werden. Sie dienen als gemeinsame Standards für die Beschreibung von Werkstoffen und technischen Vorgängen. Sie helfen bei der digitalen Erfassung von Prozessschritten sowie von Materialeigenschaften. Parallel dazu werden Konzepte für Datenstrukturen, die Speicherung und den Austausch von Werkstoffdaten über neu zu definierende Schnittstellen erarbeitet.
Über die Bereitstellung digitalisierter Lebenszyklen von Kupfer wird die Industrie bei der Pro-duktentwicklung befähigt, neue Werkstoffentwicklungen frühzeitig zu bewerten, beispielsweise unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Nachhaltigkeit. Kupfer kommt hier eine aktuelle Bedeutung zu, weil es für die digitale Transformation sowie die Energie- und Mobilitätswende von fundamentaler Bedeutung ist und somit von hohem gesellschaftlichem Wert. Die Projektziele sind sowohl auf weitere metallische Struktur- und Funktionswerkstoffe als auch auf andere Industriebereiche übertragbar.
Die Projektergebnisse werden im Rahmen der Aktivitäten der Innovationsplattform MaterialDigital allen Interessierten zur Verfügung gestellt.
Additive manufacturing methods such as laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) allow geometrically complex parts to be manufactured within a single step. However, as an aftereffect of the localized heat input, the rapid cooling rates are the origin of the large residual stress (RS) retained in as-manufactured parts. With a view on the microstructure, the rapid directional cooling leads to a cellular solidification mode which is accompanied by columnar grown grains possessing crystallographic texture. The solidification conditions can be controlled by the processing parameters and the scanning strategy. Thus, the process allows one to tailor the microstructure and the texture to the specific needs. Yet, such microstructures are not only the origin of the mechanical anisotropy but also pose metrological challenges for the diffraction-based RS determination. In that context the micromechanical elastic anisotropy plays an important role: it translates the measured microscopic strain to macroscopic stress. Therefore, it is of uttermost importance to understand the influence of the hierarchical microstructures and the texture on the elastic anisotropy of LPBF manufactured materials.
This study reveals the influence of the build orientation and the texture on the micro-mechanical anisotropy of as-built Inconel 718. Through variations of the build orientation and the scanning strategy, we manufactured specimens possessing [001]/[011]-, [001]-, and [011]/[111]-type textures. The resulting microstructures lead to differences in the macroscopic mechanical properties. Even further, tensile in-situ loading experiments during neutron diffraction measurements along the different texture components revealed differences in the microstrain response of multiple crystal lattice planes. In particular, the load partitioning and the residual strain accumulation among the [011]/[111] textured specimen displayed distinct differences measured up to a macroscopic strain of 10 %. However, the behavior of the specimens possessing [001]/[011]-and [001]-type texture was only minorly affected. The consequences on the metrology of RS analysis by diffraction-based methods are discussed.
Die HÜTTE ist ein Kompendium und Nachschlagewerk für unterschiedliche Aufgabenstellungen. Durch Kombination der Einzeldisziplinen dieses Wissenskreises kann das multidisziplinäre Grundwissen für die verschiedenen Technikbereiche und Ingenieuraufgaben zusammengestellt werden.
Die HÜTTE enthält in drei Bänden - orientiert am Stand von Wissenschaft und Technik und den Lehrplänen der Technischen Universitäten und Hochschulen - die Grundlagen des Ingenieurwissens.
Band 1 enthält die mathematisch-naturwissenschaftlichen und allgemeinen Grundlagen.
Mit der Digitalisierung von Materialien und Prozessen ist ein Paradigmenwechsel in der Materialentwicklung, -gestaltung und -optimierung verbunden, welcher gleichermaßen vielseitige Möglichkeiten eröffnet und eine große Herausforderung darstellt. Insbesondere sind bei den Digitalisierungsbestrebungen die Qualitätssicherung von Prozessen und Ausgabedaten sowie die Interoperabilität zwischen Anwendungen nach FAIR-Prinzipien (Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability, Reusability) sicherzustellen. Dies umfasst die Speicherung, Verarbeitung und Abfrage von Daten in möglichst standardisierter Form, wobei entsprechend auch Normungs- und Standardisierungsgremien beteiligt werden müssen. Um der Herausforderung gerecht zu werden, Materialdaten für alle Beteiligten konsistent zu kontextualisieren, müssen alle notwendigen Informationen zum Zustand des Materials inklusive produktions- und anwendungsbedingter Veränderungen über eine einheitliche, maschinenlesbare Beschreibung verfügbar gemacht werden. Hierfür sollen Ontologien genutzt werden, da sie maschinenverständliche und -interpretierbare Wissensrepräsentationen durch semantische Konzeptualisierungen ermöglichen, die für das Datenmanagement und die Digitalisierung im Bereich der Materialwissenschaften benötigt werden.
Dieses hochaktuelle Thema der Integration und Wiederverwendung von Wissen und Daten aus Herstellung, Bearbeitung und Charakterisierung von Materialien wird in den Projekten Innovationsplattform MaterialDigital (PMD, materialdigital.de) und Materials-open-Lab (Mat-o-Lab, matolab.org) adressiert. Diese beiden unter der Beteiligung der Bundeanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) durchgeführten Projekte wurden auf der 39. Vortrags- und Diskussionstagung „Werkstoffprüfung“ (2021) grundlegend vorgestellt. In dieser Präsentation sollen die Weiterentwicklungen hinsichtlich der Speicherung von Zugversuchsdaten gemäß einer normenkonformen ontologischen Repräsentation vorgestellt werden. Das umfasst den Weg von der Entwicklung einer Ontologie nach Norm, der Konvertierung von Daten aus Standardtests in das interoperable RDF-Format bis hin zur Verknüpfung von Ontologie und Daten. Letztendlich können die entsprechenden Daten in einem Triple Store abgelegt und abgefragt werden.
Die übliche Standardisierung von mechanischen Prüfverfahren im Bereich der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik dient als solide Grundlage für die Ontologieentwicklung. Daher wurde der Zugversuch von Metallen bei Raumtemperatur nach DIN EN ISO Norm 6892-1:2019-11 als einer der ersten Anwendungsfälle in den genannten Projekten ausgewählt. Die Betrachtung und Beschreibung des Zugversuchs beinhaltet sowohl dessen ontologische Darstellung als auch eine exemplarische Datengenerierung. Die semantische Verbindung von Ontologie und Daten führt zu Interoperabilität und einer verbesserten Abfragefähigkeit.
A large amount of publicly available data is reproduced every day in the field of materials science, while these kind of material data can have different formats and types like paper-type publications, standards, datasheets or isolated datasets in repositories. However, gathering a specific library from such extensive and diverse material data is always challenging for the materials scientists and engineers, since the time-related limitations are not allowed to fully access the large publicly available databases; search across these disparate databases, manage the large volumes of heterogeneous datasets, and integrate data from multiple sources. To address these challenges and make data findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable (FAIR), an efficient data management system is necessary to build comprehensive, documented, and connected data spaces in the future. A formal standardized knowledge representation through an ontology can address such problems and make data more available and interoperable between related domains. Ontology can also rich machine processable semantic descriptions that increases the performance of scientific searches. In this regard, the Platform MaterialDigital (PMD) is currently working on developing a high-level ontology for the materials and material related processes. For example, in one of the PMD projects of “KupferDigital”, we will try to develop a data ecosystem for digital materials research based on ontology-based digital representations of copper and copper alloys. As a case study, this paper describes the methodology for ontology development of Brinell hardness, based on PMD core ontology. The methodology we describe includes the following steps; gathering the required domain terminology from different resources like standards (DIN EN ISO 6506-1) and test reports, representing the performance of a standard-conformant hardness test and the treatment of the recorded values up to a “reportable” hardness value for a material, designing the process chain according to the semantic technologies, and developing a domain-level ontology of Brinell hardness based on PMD ontology semantic formalization. Apart the mentioned methodology, some interesting tools and methods were introduced and ontology design challenges and possible solutions for modelling materials and processes were discussed. Furthermore, a dataset from the Brinell hardness measurement of cast copper samples is prepared for testing the query process.