5 Werkstofftechnik
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- 5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation (21) (entfernen)
Eingeladener Vortrag
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This poster presents the focused ion beam preparation methodologies developed within the framework of the EU funded EURAMET project ADVENT (Advanced Energy-Saving Technology).
It summarises the key breakthroughs achieved for various in situ investigation techniques, e.g. in situ experiments at the Synchrotron facility BESSY II (IR-SNOM and XRS), TEM and SMM instrumentation.
The created experimental devices from diverse thin-film semiconductor materials paved the way to dynamic structural studies bearing the potential to determine nanoscale correlations between strain and electric fields and, moreover, for the fundamental development of new in situ capabilities.
Mit der Initiative MaterialDigital fördert das BMBF seit dem letzten Jahr ein wichtiges Instrument zur Digitalisierung der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik in Deutschland. In der ersten Phase dieser Initiative wird seit Juli 2019 die Plattform MaterialDigital von einem Konsortium aufgestellt. Ziel dieser Plattform ist der Aufbau eines virtuellen Materialdatenraums, um zusammen mit allen Interessenten die Systematisierung des Umgangs mit Werkstoffdaten voranzutreiben. In einer zweiten Phase werden akademische F&E-Projekte voraussichtlich Anfang 2021 gefördert. In jedem dieser Projekte wird an einer konkreten Fragestellung das Themenfeld „Digitalisierung der Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik“ adressiert und multidisziplinär bearbeitet. In einer dritten Phase werden im Rahmen industriegeführter vorwettbewerblicher Verbundprojekte mit der gleichen Zielsetzung gefördert.
This contribution provides current findings regarding materials susceptibility for CCUS applications. Basing on results gathered in 2 German long-term projects (COORAL and CLUSTER) suitable materials are introduced as well as dominating impurities of the CO2 stream and corrosion mechanisms. Investigations cover the whole CCUS process chain and provide the following recommendations for certain parts. Commercially available carbon steels are suitable for compression and pipelines as long as moisture content and impurities are limited (water 50 to 100 ppmv, SO2 and NO2 ca. 100 ppmv).
Corrosion rates increase with increasing water content (0.2 – 20 mm/a).
Condensation of acids and therefore droplet formation is always possible, even at low water contents.
A low SO2 content within the CO2-stream might be more important than a low water content.
Cr13-steels showed a general susceptibility to shallow pitting and pitting. So, they seem to be not suitable for CCUS applications.
Low alloyed steels showed better corrosion behavior (predictable uniform corrosion).
For direct contact with saline aquifer fluids only high alloyed steels shall be used.
Development and characterization of starch film and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles
(2020)
Starch is one of the biopolymers being used for bioplastic synthesis. For production, starch can be combined with different plasticizers, starches from different plant sources and even with nanomaterials to improve or to add film properties. The challenge of adding these, e.g. in the form of silver nanoparticles (AgNp) is to determine the concentration so as to avoid impairing the properties of the film, agglomeration or altering the visual characteristics of the film. In this study, a starch film synthesis route and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles has been proposed in order not to alter the properties of the film while maintaining the transparency and a clear colour of the starch film. The results showed that the proposed synthesis route is promising, efficient, reproducible, fast and the film has good mechanical properties.
Development and characterization of starch film and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles
(2020)
Starch is one of the biopolymers being used for bioplastic synthesis. For production, starch can be combined with different plasticizers, starches from different plant sources and even with nanomaterials to improve or to add film properties. The challenge of adding these, e.g. in the form of silver nanoparticles (AgNp) is to determine the concentration so as to avoid impairing the properties of the film, agglomeration or altering the visual characteristics of the film. In this study, a starch film synthesis route and the incorporation of silver nanoparticles has been proposed in order not to alter the properties of the film while maintaining the transparency and a clear colour of the starch film. The results showed that the proposed synthesis route is promising, efficient, reproducible, fast and the film has good mechanical properties.
Recherche verschiedener jeweils nationaler/internationaler Regelwerke
und Prozeduren für die Systematische Schadensanalyse
• Literaturrecherche zu Methoden der systematischen interdisziplinären Schadensanalyse
• Vergleich der Regelwerke VDI 3822, ASTM, ASM sowie der Methoden
• Anwendung der Regelwerke/Prozeduren und Methoden am Beispiel
Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage (CCUS) is a promising technology to reach the target for reduction of CO2 emissions. Crucial points for a sustainable and future-proof CCUS system are reliability and cost efficiency of the whole process chain, including separation of CO2 from the source, compression of CO2, its subsequent transportation to the injection site and injection into geological formations, e.g. aquifers. Recent studies have shown that even at a very low concentration of impurities, condensation of sulfuric and nitric acids in dense phase CO2 are possible and observable. Thus, impact of impure CO2 stream toward corrosion susceptibility of materials to be used in CCUS system need to be considered. In this talk, basing on results achieved from two German long-term projects (COORAL and CLUSTER), the dominating impurities of the CO2 stream and corrosion mechanisms are addressed. Investigations cover the whole CCUS process chain and provide a material recommendation for certain parts.
The importance of high-entropy alloy (HEAs) in the field of materials research is increasing continuously and numerous studies have been published, recently. These are mainly focused on manufacturing of different alloy systems having excellent structural properties from low to high temperatures. Therefore, HEAs are of high potential for many applications in very demanding conditions. However, this is so far limited by poor knowledge and experience regarding economic and reliable component manufacturing. The processability of HEAs has hardly been investigated so far, indicated by the small number of publications worldwide: welding <30 and machining <5.
Hence, this contribution provides an overview about the current state of the art on processing of HEAs. Fundamental principles are shown for safe weld joints while ensuring high component integrity. For safe welding, the combined consideration of complex interactions of material, construction and process is necessary. Recent studies on different HEAs showed the influence of heat input by means of different welding processes on the microstructure and respective properties. Based on intensive literature survey and on our initial study, the main research objectives of processing HEAs are presented.
Trace elements W and Hf have different influence on the microstructure and the mechanical properties when added to the Al10Co25Cr8Fe15Ni36Ti6 compositionally complex alloy. The addition of both can thus merge both element’s beneficial influences when combined with the appropriate heat treatment: Hf enhances the cubicity of the γ’ particles in the γ matrix while the W reduces the negative influence of the Heusler phase: this phase can be completely dissolved when W is present in the alloy.
A new race for high performance structural materials has started since the discovery of high entropy alloys at the beginning of the 21st century. The possible combination of several elements in an, until then, unknown composition space opened the ground for discovering new materials. Solid solution strengthening remains the most prominent mechanisms that is active in this family of materials, but it is supported by all other strengthening mechanism on the path to better and better performing materials. Chemical, thermal and mechanical approaches are combined to optimize these alloys. Optimum performances can be reached by using a high number of different strengthening mechanisms, induced both by composition and processing. The most prominent with composition induced mechanism is precipitation hardening, and on the processing side it is cold working such as cold-rolling, torsion or extrusion. The contribution uses tensile test data at room temperature solely for comparison – high temperature and cryogenic data are omitted because it would lead beyond the scope of this manuscript.