5 Werkstofftechnik
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2019 (187) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (73)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (55)
- Posterpräsentation (31)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (19)
- Buchkapitel (2)
- Sonstiges (2)
- Forschungsbericht (2)
- Monografie (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Forschungsdatensatz (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (156)
- Deutsch (30)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Schlagworte
- Corrosion (17)
- Additive Manufacturing (14)
- Glass (12)
- Carbon steel (8)
- Low Cycle Fatigue (8)
- Microstructure (7)
- CO2 (6)
- Degradation (6)
- Fatigue (6)
- Water content (6)
- Additive manufacturing (5)
- CCS (5)
- Ceramic (5)
- Crack growth (5)
- Crystallization (5)
- EBSD (5)
- Oxidation (5)
- 3D printing (4)
- LCF (4)
- Mikrostruktur (4)
- P92 (4)
- Ti-6Al-4V (4)
- Transmission electron microscopy (4)
- 316L (3)
- Alloy 2618A (3)
- Anisotropy (3)
- Carbon capture (3)
- Ceramic spring (3)
- Ceramics (3)
- DCB (3)
- Diesel (3)
- Diffraction (3)
- Diopside (3)
- Full-Notch Creep Test (FNCT) (3)
- High temperature corrosion (3)
- In situ (3)
- Modeling (3)
- Orientation (3)
- Pitting (3)
- Polymer (3)
- Sandwich (3)
- Simulation (3)
- Sintering (3)
- Slurry (3)
- Steel (3)
- Sulfidation (3)
- Tempered Martensite Ferritic Steels (3)
- Thermo-Mechanical Fatigue (3)
- Utilization (3)
- Water speciation (3)
- µ-gravity (3)
- 3D (2)
- AISI 316L (2)
- Additive Fertigung (2)
- Al-Cu-Li alloys (2)
- Alterung (2)
- Aluminium (2)
- Betriebsfestigkeit (2)
- Bioactive glass (2)
- Bioceramics (2)
- CCU (2)
- CCUS (2)
- CT (2)
- Capture (2)
- Carbon (2)
- Coarsening (2)
- Composite (2)
- Computed Tomography (2)
- Condensate (2)
- Condensation (2)
- Corrosion Fatigue (2)
- Crack Propagation (2)
- Crack propagation (2)
- Creep-Fatigue (2)
- Crevice corrosion (2)
- Crystal plasticity (2)
- Dehnungsfehler (2)
- Digital material representation (2)
- Distribution function (2)
- Ductile iron (2)
- Early oxidation (2)
- Elastic constants (2)
- Electron energy (2)
- Energy distribution (2)
- Extensometer (2)
- FeCr- alloys (2)
- Fiber reinforced polymer (2)
- Fracture surface analysis (2)
- Fraktografie (2)
- Geothermal (2)
- Glas (2)
- Glass fiber reinforced polymers (2)
- Glass-ceramic (2)
- High Alloyed Steel (2)
- High Temperature Testing (2)
- High temperature (2)
- IN 718 (2)
- IR (2)
- Impurities (2)
- Internal friction (2)
- Kavitation (2)
- Kikuchi pattern (2)
- Kleinprobenprüfung (2)
- Laminography (2)
- Layerwise (2)
- Layerwise slurry deposition (2)
- Lightweight materials (2)
- Material degradation (2)
- Microhardness (2)
- Mixed Ca-K-Na phosphates (2)
- Monte-Carlo Simulation (2)
- NMR spectroscopy (2)
- Na and K rhenanites (2)
- Niobium alloying (2)
- Non-destructive testing (2)
- Phase diagram (2)
- Phase transformations (2)
- Photon counting detector (2)
- Pipelines (2)
- Polyethylene, PE-HD (2)
- Polymer matrix composites (2)
- Pores (2)
- Powder (2)
- Probengrößeneffekt (2)
- Roughness (2)
- Röntgenbeugung (2)
- Röntgenrefraktion (2)
- Scale-bridging (2)
- Schadensanalyse (2)
- Schädigung (2)
- Selective laser melting (2)
- Silicon Carbide (2)
- Soda-lime silicate glass (2)
- Soda-lime-silica glass (2)
- Storage (2)
- Surface (2)
- Surface crystallization (2)
- Synthetic air (2)
- TMF (2)
- Temperaturschwankungen (2)
- Tensile Properties (2)
- Ti64 (2)
- TiAl5V4 (2)
- Titan (2)
- Titanium (2)
- Topografie (2)
- Utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology (2)
- VSSA (2)
- Vickers indentation (2)
- Virtual experiments (2)
- Weibull Distribution (2)
- Werkstoffprüfung (2)
- Wind energy (2)
- Wind turbine blades (2)
- Zero-g (2)
- Zugeigenschaften (2)
- Zugversuch (2)
- 3D imaging (1)
- 5G (1)
- AFM based test methods (1)
- AISI 304L (1)
- AM (1)
- Abrasion (1)
- Aggressive environment (1)
- Alkali-activated materials (1)
- Alumina (1)
- Aluminosilicate glasses (1)
- Analytische Zentrifuge (1)
- Anwendungen (1)
- Aquifer (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Atomization (1)
- Aufbau von Festkörpern (1)
- Aussonderugnsrate (1)
- BTS (1)
- Berstdruck (1)
- Biodiesel (1)
- Biogeochemical cycling (1)
- Biomineralisation (1)
- Biopolymer (1)
- Blähen (1)
- Breakdown strength (1)
- Brittle fracture (1)
- Bruchflächenanalyse (1)
- Bubble formation (1)
- C. lap-shear (1)
- CALPHAD (1)
- CALPHAD databases analysis (1)
- CFRP (1)
- CO2 Corrosion (1)
- CO2 separation membranes (1)
- CO2-Speicherung (1)
- CO2-storage (1)
- Calcination (1)
- Calcium cobaltite (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Carbidic austempered ductile iron (1)
- Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage (CCUS) (1)
- Carbon capture, utilization and storage technology (1)
- Carbon fibres (1)
- Carbon storage (1)
- Cavitation (1)
- Cellulose (1)
- Cement (1)
- Certification Standard 22 (1)
- Chalcogenides (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Chemically Complex Alloy (1)
- Chemische Analyse (1)
- Chemo-mechanical coupling (1)
- Co-axial monitoring (1)
- Coefficient of thermal expansion (1)
- Complex concentrated alloy (CCA) (1)
- Contact angle (1)
- Contact fatigue (1)
- Copper vacancies (1)
- Corrosion and storage (CCUS) technology (1)
- Corrosion pits (1)
- Corrosion resistance (1)
- Crack arrest (1)
- Crack healing (1)
- Creep (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Crystal Plasticity Modelling (1)
- Crystal Texture (1)
- Crystal orientation (1)
- Cyclic softening (1)
- D. aging (1)
- D. creep D. viscoelasticity (1)
- DED-L (1)
- Damage (1)
- Dark-field transmission electron microscopy (DFTEM) (1)
- Data storage (1)
- Defects (1)
- Deformation behavior (1)
- Dense phase (1)
- Destabilization (1)
- Deuterium (1)
- Dielectric breakdown (1)
- Dielectric strength (1)
- Diesel Fuel (1)
- Dislocation (1)
- Dislocations (1)
- Distributed fiber optic sensing (1)
- Distributed fiber optic sensors (1)
- Droplet (1)
- Droplet corrosion (1)
- Druckgasspeicher (1)
- Dual-energy (1)
- Dynamic mechanical analysis (1)
- Dynamisch Mechanische Analyse (1)
- EASA (1)
- EIS (1)
- Early sulfidation (1)
- Eigenschaften (1)
- Electrochemical characterisation (1)
- Electrochemical deposition (1)
- Electrochemical dressing (1)
- Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (1)
- Electromicroscopy (1)
- Electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Electropolishing (1)
- Endurance Limit (1)
- Energiespeicherung (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) (1)
- Environmental stress cracking (1)
- Environmental stress cracking (ESC) (1)
- Environmentally assisted cracking (1)
- Ermüdung (1)
- Erneuerbare Energien (1)
- Explosionsschutz (1)
- Exposed metal sites (1)
- FSDC (1)
- Fabrication (1)
- Facilitated activation (1)
- Failure test (1)
- Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunde (1)
- Faserkunststoffverbunde (1)
- Fatigue Life Evaluation (1)
- Fatigue Testing (1)
- Fatigue crack propagation stages (1)
- Ferritic steels (1)
- Ferritic–martensitic steel (1)
- Fiber reinforced polymers (1)
- Fine Powder (1)
- Finite element analysis (1)
- Flowability (1)
- Foaming (1)
- Focused Ion Beam (1)
- Force-distance diagram (1)
- Four-point bending test (1)
- Fracture (1)
- Fracture mechanics (1)
- Freeze Drying (1)
- Freeze casting (1)
- Fresnoit (1)
- Friction Stir Welding (1)
- Frozen state photopolymerization (1)
- GFRP (1)
- Gasdetektion (1)
- Gassensorik (1)
- Gefügeuntersuchung (1)
- Glass ceramic (1)
- Glass matrix composite (1)
- Glass powder (1)
- Glass screening device (1)
- Glasspeicher (1)
- Gleichgewicht (1)
- Gold (1)
- Grain boundary (1)
- Grünfolieneigenschaften (1)
- HDPE Soprption (1)
- HDPE Sorption (1)
- Hard machining (1)
- Hardness (1)
- Heat treatment (1)
- Heißgasextraktion (1)
- Heißgaskorrosion (1)
- Hierarchical porosities (1)
- High alloyed steel (1)
- High entropy alloys (1)
- High pressure (1)
- High-entropy alloys (1)
- High-temperature corrosion (1)
- High-temperature oxidation (1)
- High-temperature properties (1)
- High-voltage testing (1)
- Hochentropielegierungen (1)
- Hochtemperaturermüdung (1)
- Honing (1)
- Honing Stone (1)
- Hydrogel (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrogen diffusivity (1)
- Hygrothermal (1)
- Impact damage (1)
- In-situ Process Monitoring (1)
- Inclusion cluster (1)
- Inclusion size (1)
- Inconel 625 (1)
- Inconel 686 (1)
- Incremental lifetime models (1)
- Infrared nano AFM (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Intermodulation AFM (1)
- Internal Surfaces (1)
- Internal oxidation (1)
- Interphase (1)
- Ionic porosity (1)
- Iron meteorite (1)
- Irregular topography (1)
- Keramikfeder (1)
- Keramische Folien (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (1)
- Kriechen (1)
- Kristallisation (1)
- Kristallsystem (1)
- Kurzfaser-verstärkte Thermoplaste (1)
- LMD (1)
- LSD print (1)
- LTCC multilayer (1)
- Langzeitstabilität (1)
- Laser Beam Melting (1)
- Laser Scanning Microscopy (1)
- Laser Scanning Microscopy (LSM) (1)
- Laser beam melting (1)
- Laser cladding (1)
- Laser-induced slip casting (1)
- Laserbearbeitung (1)
- Laserscanningmikroskopie (LSM) (1)
- Layer system (1)
- Layerwise Slurry Deposition (1)
- Lebensdauer (1)
- Long-term storage (1)
- Low cycle fatigue (1)
- MOF-74 (1)
- Machine Learning (1)
- Magmatic and hydrothermal processes (1)
- Magnetic domains (1)
- Magnetische Domänen (1)
- Magnetoelastic effect (1)
- Magnetoelastischer Effekt (1)
- Martensite (1)
- Mass transport (1)
- Materialkreislauf (1)
- Materialprüfung (1)
- Materials science (1)
- Mechanical behavior (1)
- Mechanical properties (1)
- Mehrachsige Verformung (1)
- Metal powder characterization (1)
- Metrology (1)
- Micro-shrinkages (1)
- Micromechanical model (1)
- Microstructure analysis (1)
- Microstructure characterisation (1)
- Microstructure evolution (1)
- Microstructure modification (1)
- Mikrostrukturuntersuchung (1)
- Mindedestberstdruck (1)
- Mini-UAV (1)
- Mis-match (1)
- Mixed-linkers (1)
- Modell (1)
- Moisture (1)
- Mortel (1)
- Multiaxial deformation (1)
- Multiple cracks (1)
- NDT (1)
- NMR (1)
- Nano particle (1)
- Nano screening (1)
- Nanocomposites (1)
- Nanomaterial (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Natural (1)
- Neutron diffraction (1)
- New standards (1)
- Ni-Resist (1)
- Nitride (1)
- Non-destructive Materials (1)
- Non-metallic inclusions (1)
- Nondestructive testing (1)
- Normung (1)
- Ooxidation (1)
- Optical criterion (1)
- Orientation relationship (1)
- Oxidation protection (1)
- PE-HD Sorption (1)
- Parabolic flight (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Partikelgrößenverteilung (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phase-field (1)
- Phase-field simulation (1)
- Phosphate (1)
- Physically based material model (1)
- Pipeline (1)
- Pitting corrosion (1)
- Plastic deformation (1)
- Platinum-group-metals (1)
- Polyaniline (1)
- Polyethylen hoher Dichte (1)
- Polyurethane (1)
- Power plant (1)
- Power-to-Gas (1)
- Preceramic polymer (1)
- Pressure-assisted sintering (1)
- Process Monitoring (1)
- Process development (1)
- Process monitoring (1)
- Processing window (1)
- Pultruded fiber rods (1)
- REM (1)
- Referenzmaterial (1)
- Referenzorganismus (1)
- Referenzverfahren (1)
- Relaxation fatigue (1)
- Repair patch (1)
- Residual stress (1)
- Resonance testing (1)
- Restberstfestigkeit (1)
- Risikoanalyse (1)
- Rohrprobekörper (1)
- SDC (1)
- STEM (1)
- Safety (1)
- Sailplane Development Panel (1)
- Salt melt (1)
- Samarium doped ceria (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Sandwich structures (1)
- Scaffolds (1)
- Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) (1)
- Scanning electron microscopy (1)
- Scavenging effect of iron (1)
- Scratches (1)
- Semiconductor materials (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Silicoborate glasses (1)
- Silver glass paste (1)
- Sintern (1)
- Slip-rolling (1)
- Slow Crack Growth (SCG) (1)
- Slow crack growth (1)
- Soda-lime-silica (1)
- Sodium ion batteries (1)
- Sol-gel coating (1)
- Sorption (1)
- Spannungs-Dehnungs-Verhalten (1)
- Spannungsriss (1)
- Spar cap design (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Spring constant (1)
- Spring constant (1)
- Standardisation (1)
- Stanzen (1)
- Statistics (1)
- Stress intensity factor (1)
- Stress-strain behavior (1)
- Streuung (1)
- Structural composites (1)
- Structural defects (1)
- Structural health monitoring (1)
- Structural steel (1)
- Struktur (1)
- Subcritical crack growth (1)
- Superalloy (1)
- Superconducting magnet (1)
- Supercritical CO2 (1)
- Supercritical/dense phase CO2 (1)
- Surface treatments (1)
- Swept wavelength interferometry (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- TEM (1)
- Tempered martensite ferritic steel (1)
- Tempered martensite ferritic steels (1)
- Tensile testing (1)
- Thermodynamic analysis (1)
- Thermoelectric properties (1)
- Thermomechanics (1)
- Thermomechanik (1)
- Thiol-ene click chemistry (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (1)
- Tribologie (1)
- Tungsten-Rhenium (1)
- Ultrasound (1)
- Ungleichgewicht (1)
- Unlegierter Baustahl (1)
- VM12 SHC (1)
- Vacuum hot extraction (1)
- Vickers (1)
- Viscoelastic model (1)
- Viscous sintering (1)
- Viskoplastisch (1)
- WAXS (1)
- Wasserstoff (1)
- Wasserstofferzeugung (1)
- Werkstoffmechanische Prüfung (1)
- Wetting (1)
- Wind turbine blade shells (1)
- Windenergie (1)
- X-ray absorption spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray refraction (1)
- XRD (1)
- Young´s modulus (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (1)
- ZnO (1)
- Zug-Druck-Schubprüfung (1)
- alumina (1)
- arbidic austempered ductile iron (1)
- arbon capture (1)
- ausfgallfreie Lastwechsel (1)
- bioactive (1)
- biomaterials (1)
- bone (1)
- carbon steel (1)
- ceramics (1)
- coarsening (1)
- condensate (1)
- corrosion (1)
- electrochemical characterization (1)
- hardness (1)
- high pressure (1)
- impurities (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- microstructure analysis (1)
- phosphate glasses (1)
- pitting corrosion (1)
- selective laser melting (1)
- statistische Auswertung (1)
- utilization, and storage (CCUS) technology (1)
- volume resistivity (1)
- water speciation (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (187) (entfernen)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (73)
Dense ZnO films with a strong c‐axis texture have been deposited on transparent conductive oxide glass, glass, and Si wafers, respectively, with a two‐step pressureless wet chemical method using zinc acetate dihydrate as Zn‐precursor. The crystallographic structure of the films has been studied with XRD and scanning electron microscopy. Optical measurements reveal a high transparency of the ZnO films with a thickness of up to 10 μm. This new cost‐effective route for ZnO film deposition does not require expensive sophisticated equipment and is easily upscaled.
Overview about the surface initiated microstructure formation in glass surfaces. Samples which are exposed to a temperature treatment, can develop a crystalline microstructure above Tg at the surface. These separated crystals can be preferably oriented towards the surface of the sample. First experiments about the origin of these orientation phenomenon as well as the potentially causing mechanisms are presented and discussed within the presentation.
Metalle
(2019)
Dieses Standardwerk bietet eine Darstellung der Struktur und Eigenschaften der Metalle und ihrer Anwendungen als Werkstoffe. Im ersten, wissenschaftlichen Teil werden der atomare und mikroskopische Aufbau, die thermodynamischen und die grundlegenden physikalischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der Metalle beschrieben sowie die Grundlagen der thermisch aktivierten Reaktionen und der Phasenumwandlungen. Die wichtigsten experimentellen Untersuchungsmethoden werden erläutert, wobei die mikroskopischen und Beugungsverfahren einen Schwerpunkt bilden.
Im zweiten, technischen Teil werden die Werkstoffgruppen der Metalle und ihre anwendungsbezogenen Eigenschaften behandelt. Dabei wird auf die zugrunde liegenden Legierungen und die Verfahren zur gezielten Einstellung ihrer Eigenschaften eingegangen. Schwerpunkte bei der Darstellung der Werkstoffe sind die Stähle, die teilchengehärteten Legierungen, die Magnetwerkstoffe und die pulvermetallurgisch hergestellten Werkstoffe. Außerdem werden die Oberflächeneigenschaften und die Verfahren zur Oberflächenbehandlung dargestellt.
The prediction of structural parameters and optoelectronic properties of compound semiconductors is very important. However, calculations often neglect chemical variability and structural defects. In chalcopyrite type semiconductors one of the major defects are copper vacancies (V Cu). The four cation neighbors of the anion determine its position in the chalcopyrite type structure expressed by the Wyckoff position 8d (x, 1/4, 1/8). Intrinsic point defects like V
Cu and anti-sites may cause variations of the Anion position in the middle of the cation tetrahedron, especially in the Anion position Parameter x. For stoichiometric chalcopyrite type compounds a formalism according to the principle of conservation of tetrahedral bonds (CTB) can be applied to calculate the anion position parameter, but it fails in the case of off-stoichiometric chalcopyrites. This case study of chalcopyrite type CuGaS 2 and Mn-substituted GuGaS 2
shows that the experimentally determined anion position Parameter x
deviate from values calculated by CTB approach. The systematic investigation of off-stoichiometric CuGaS 2 and Mn-substituted GuGaS
2 demonstrates the effect of copper vacancies on the average radii of the cation sites (Wyckoff positions 4a and 4b) as well as on the anion position Parameter x. By applying an elaborated CTB Approach implementing copper vacancies an agreement between experimental and calculated anion position Parameter x can be obtained.
In powder bed Additive Manufacturing (AM) technologies, a part is produced by depositing and piling up thin powder layers. In each layer, the cross section of the object to build is defined by locally consolidating the powder, by sintering/melting the material (powder bed fusion technologies) or by ink jetting a binder (binder jetting technologies).
These are already leading AM technologies for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. The application of these techniques to most ceramics has been challenging so far, because of the challenges related to the deposition of homogeneous powder layers when using fine powders.
In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method which enables the use of SLS/SLM and 3DP technologies for advanced ceramic materials. LSD consists in the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade. Each layer is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder layer. The LSD offers high flexibility in the ceramic feedstock used, especially concerning material and particle size, and enables the production of parts with physical and mechanical properties comparable to pressed or slip-casted parts. In this presentation, the LSD technique will be introduced and several examples of application to porcelain, SiC and alumina products will be reported.
Powder bed -based technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. "Selective laser sintering/melting" (SLS/SLM) and "binder jetting 3D printing" (3DP) especially are leading AM technologies for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability.
However, the flowability of the powder used in these processes is essential to achieve defect-free and densely packed powder layers. For standard powder bed AM technologies, this limits the use of many raw materials which are too fine or too cohesive.
This presentation will discuss the possibilities to either optimize the powder raw material to adapt it to the specific AM process, or to develop novel AM technologies which are able to process powders in a wider range of conditions.
In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method which enables the use of very fine ceramic particles. Another technology, the Gas Flow Assisted Powder Deposition, can increase the stability of the powder bed and the packing density, even in extreme conditions such as in absence of gravitational forces.
Powder bed -based technologies are amongst the most successful Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques. "Selective laser sintering/melting" (SLS/SLM) and "binder jetting 3D printing" (3DP) especially are leading AM technologies for metals and polymers, thanks to their high productivity and scalability. In this context, the "layerwise slurry deposition" (LSD) has been developed as a layer deposition method which enables the use of SLS/SLM and 3DP technologies for advanced ceramic materials. LSD consists in the layer-by-layer deposition of a ceramic slurry by means of a doctor blade. Each layer is deposited and dried to achieve a highly packed powder layer, which can be used for SLM or for 3DP. This technique offers high flexibility in the ceramic feedstock used, especially concerning material and particle size, and is capable of producing parts with physical and mechanical properties comparable to traditionally shaped parts. In this presentation, the LSD technique will be introduced and several examples of application to porcelain, SiC and alumina products will be reported.
Considerations for nanomaterial identification of powders using volume-specific surface area method
(2019)
The EC’s recommendation for a definition of nanomaterial (2011/696/EU) should allow the identification of a particulate nanomaterial based on the number-based metric criterion according to which at least 50% of the constituent particles have the smallest dimension between 1 and 100 nm. However, it has been recently demonstrated that the implementation of this definition for regulatory purposes is conditioned by the large deviations between the results obtained by different sizing methods or due to practical reasons such as high costs and time-consuming.
For most measurement methods for particle size determination it is necessary to initially disperse the particles in a suitable liquid. However, as the particle size decreases, the adhesion forces increase strongly, making it more difficult to deagglomerate the particles and to assess accurately the result of this process. Therefore, the success of the deagglomeration process substantially determines the measurement uncertainty and hence, the comparability between different methods.
Many common methods such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), centrifugal liquid sedimentation (CLS) or ultrasound attenuation spectroscopy (US) can give good comparable results for the size of nanoparticles, if they are properly separated and stabilized (e.g. in reference suspensions).
In order to avoid the use of hardly available and expensive methods such as SEM / TEM for all powders, an agglomeration-tolerant screening method is useful.
One of the measurement methods well suited to probe the size of particulate powder is the determination of the volume-specific surface area (VSSA) by means of gas adsorption as well as skeletal density. The value of 60 m2/cm3 corresponding to spherical, monodisperse particles with a diameter of 100 nm constitutes the threshold for decisioning if the material is a nano- or non-nanomaterial. The identification of a nanomaterial by VSSA method is accepted by the EU recommendation.
However, the application of the VSSA method was associated also with some limitations. The threshold of 60 m2/cm3 is dependent on the particle shape, so that it changes considerably with the number of nano-dimensions, but also with the degree of sphericity of the particles. For particles containing micro-pores or having a microporous coating, false positive results are induced. Furthermore, broad particle size distributions made necessary to additionally correct the threshold. Based on examples of commercially available ceramic powders, the applicability of the VSSA approach was tested in relation with SEM and TEM measurements. The introduction of a correction term for deviations from sphericity and further additions improved the applicability of VSSA as a screening method.
Thermodynamic study of a refractory complex concentrated alloy (rCCA) using the CALPHAD method
(2019)
Multi-principal-element alloys (MPEAs), have recently come to the attention of the scientific community due to their potential for improving properties such as, e.g. mechanical strength and oxidation resistance in high temperature structural applications. The AlMo0.5NbTa0.5TiZr refractory (r)CCA is one such candidate, showing a two-phase microstructure after a two-stage heat treatment under argon atmosphere at a controlled cooling rate. Since the application conditions intended for this alloy require a long-term high temperature (> 700 °C) mechanical and oxidation resistance, it becomes necessary to assess the possible phase development in this regime. The diagrams reveal that two BCC-based phases could form during alloy solidification, where one phase would be enriched with Mo, Nb and Ta while the other phase, with Al, Ti and Zr. Activity oxides diagrams show that a stable form of aluminum oxide (α-Al2O3, Pearson symbol: hR10, corundum) can be formed.