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5 Werkstofftechnik

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  • Günster, Jens (7)
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  • Le, Quynh Hoa (4)
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  • Zerbst, Uwe (4)
  • Balzer, R. (3)
  • Behrens, H. (3)
  • Klinger, Christian (3)
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Erscheinungsjahr

  • 2019 (44) (entfernen)

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  • Zeitschriftenartikel (44) (entfernen)

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Organisationseinheit der BAM

  • 5 Werkstofftechnik (44)
  • 5.1 Materialographie, Fraktographie und Alterung technischer Werkstoffe (18)
  • 5.4 Keramische Prozesstechnik und Biowerkstoffe (9)
  • 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (9)
  • 5.6 Glas (8)
  • 5.3 Mechanik der Polymerwerkstoffe (6)
  • 9 Komponentensicherheit (6)
  • 5.2 Experimentelle und modellbasierte Werkstoffmechanik (5)
  • 7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen (4)
  • 7.6 Korrosion und Korrosionsschutz (4)
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Constraints on the effective electron energy spectrum in backscatter Kikuchi diffraction (2019)
Nolze, Gert ; Winkelmann, A. ; Britton, T.B.
Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) is a technique to obtain microcrystallographic information from materials by collecting large-angle Kikuchi patterns in the scanning electron microscope (SEM). An important fundamental question concerns the scattering-angle dependent electron energy distribution, which is relevant for the formation of the Kikuchi diffraction patterns. Here we review the existing experimental data and explore the effective energy spectrum that is operative in the generation of backscatter Kikuchi patterns from silicon. We use a full pattern comparison of experimental data with dynamical electron diffraction simulations. Our energy-dependent cross-correlation based pattern matching approach establishes improved constraints on the effective Kikuchi pattern energy spectrum, which is relevant for high-resolution EBSD pattern simulations and their applications.
Thermomechanical properties of polymers for use in superconducting magnets (2019)
Finn, Monika ; Uhlemann, Patrick ; Meyer, Christian ; Scheuerlein, C. ; Amez-Droz, M. ; Meuter, F. ; Konstantopoulou, K. ; Savary, F. ; Tock, J.-P.
The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and the thermomechanical properties of the polymers used in superconducting magnets need to be known in order to predict their stress state under the different magnet assembly and operating conditions. We have measured Young’s moduli of typically used polymers during in situ heat cycles with the dynamic resonancemethod. The dynamic test results are compared with Young’s moduli determined from quasi-static stress–strain measurements at room temperature, 77 K and 4.2 K. A moderate elastic anisotropy is found for the fiber reinforced polymers. CTEs are compared based on dilation experiments. TheCTEs of the fiber reinforced polymers studied are similar to those of copper or steel. In contrast, the pure resins exhibit relatively larger CTEs.
Creep behaviour of steel bonded joints under hygrothermal conditions (2019)
de Zeeuw, C. ; Teixeira de Freitas, S. ; Zarouchas, D. ; Schilling, Markus ; Lopes Fernandes, R. ; Portella, Pedro Dolabella ; Niebergall, Ute
The aim of this research is to study the influence of moisture absorption at low moisture contents on the creep behaviour of an epoxy adhesive in steel bonded joints. Single lap joints were manufactured using high strength steel adherends and a two-component epoxy adhesive. The single lap joints were tested at load Levels corresponding to average lap shear stresses of±5%, 15%, 30% and 45% of the dry lap shear strength in both 40 °C air and 40 °C distilled water. Specimens were not pre-aged to be able to analyse the coupled effect of moisture and loading. The test results show that an increase in the load level resulted in an increase in the instantaneous strain and in the creep strain rate. The creep strain of single lap joints loaded in water was generally larger than for the ones loaded in air. For joints loaded in water the creep behaviour was found to be dependent on the moisture concentration in the adhesive. At low moisture percentages creep was suppressed, resulting in a lower instantaneous strain. At higher moisture percentages creep was promoted, resulting in a larger strain rate. The suppression of creep at low moisture percentages is attributed to water molecules bonding to the epoxy macromolecules, resulting in a reduction in molecular mobility and a smaller creep strain. At higher moisture percentages the plasticizing effect of the water dominates, resulting in a larger creep strain. The Maxwell threeelement solid model and Kelvin-Voigt three-element solid model were used to simulate the creep behaviour of the single lap joints loaded in air and water. The models gave good representations of the creep Response across the different load levels in both water and air, they were however unable to give a correct representation of the instantaneous strain of the single lap joints loaded in water. This is attributed to the models being unable to account for the present short-term relaxation process that is dependent on the moisture concentration.
Textured dense zinc oxide layers for active noise canceling windows (2019)
Lüchtenborg, Jörg ; Kober, D. ; Weber, A. P. ; Melcher, J. ; Günster, Jens
Dense ZnO films with a strong c‐axis texture have been deposited on transparent conductive oxide glass, glass, and Si wafers, respectively, with a two‐step pressureless wet chemical method using zinc acetate dihydrate as Zn‐precursor. The crystallographic structure of the films has been studied with XRD and scanning electron microscopy. Optical measurements reveal a high transparency of the ZnO films with a thickness of up to 10 μm. This new cost‐effective route for ZnO film deposition does not require expensive sophisticated equipment and is easily upscaled.
Defects as a root cause of fatigue failure of metallic components. II: Non-metallic inclusions (2019)
Zerbst, Uwe ; Madia, Mauro ; Klinger, Christian ; Bettge, Dirk ; Murakami, Y.
This second part of the review on defects as root cause of fatigue failure comprises the origin, the nature and the effects of non-metallic inclusions. Topics addressed are the different kinds of inclusions formed during the manufacturing process, various types of mis-match causing local stresses and, as a consequence, fatigue crack initiation, and effects of characteristics such as size, morphology, localization, spatial distribution and orientation of the defects on the fatigue behavior. Methods for inclusion counting and sizing are discussed along with statistical aspects necessary to be considered when evaluating structural components.
Microstructural investigation using advanced TEM techniques of inner ocide layers formed on T92 steel in oxyfuel environment (2019)
Chandra, K. ; Dörfel, Ilona ; Wollschläger, N. ; Kranzmann, Axel
T92 steel was oxidized at 650 °C for 1000 h in dry and wet oxyfuel gases. The microstructure of inner oxide layer was investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy on thin lamellas of oxide cross-sections. The oxides were composed of fine equiaxed grains and separated into Fe-rich and Cr-rich regions. Fe-rich regions were wustite and iron sulphide while Cr-rich regions consisted of Fe-Cr spinel with different stoichiometries. Precipitates of (W,Mo)-rich oxides were formed within the oxide scale and beneath the oxide/alloy interface. Often iron sulphide and (W,Mo)-rich oxide were surrounded by Cr-rich spinel.
Low Cycle Fatigue and Relaxation Performance of Ferritic–Martensitic Grade P92 Steel (2019)
Jürgens, Maria ; Olbricht, Jürgen ; Fedelich, Bernard ; Skrotzki, Birgit
Due to their excellent creep resistance and good oxidation resistance, 9–12% Cr ferritic–martensitic stainless steels are widely used as high temperature construction materials in power plants. However, the mutual combination of different loadings (e.g., creep and fatigue), due to a “flexible” operation of power plants, may seriously reduce the lifetimes of the respective components. In the present study, low cycle fatigue (LCF) and relaxation fatigue (RF) tests performed on grade P92 helped to understand the behavior of ferritic–martensitic steels under a combined loading. The softening and lifetime behavior strongly depend on the temperature and total strain range. Especially at small strain amplitudes, the lifetime is seriously reduced when adding a hold time which indicates the importance of considering technically relevant small strains.
Defects as a root cause of fatigue failure of metallic components. III: Cavities, dents, corrosion pits, scratches (2019)
Zerbst, Uwe ; Madia, Mauro ; Klinger, Christian ; Bettge, Dirk ; Murakami, Y.
This third part of the review on defects as root cause of fatigue failure addresses cavities (pores, micro-shrinkages, unmelted regions), defective microstructures and microcracks as material defects and defects due to local damage during manufacturing, service and maintenance such as dents, scratches and localized corrosion. In addition, damage due to contact fatigue and the effect of surface roughness are discussed in the context of fatigue failure. Also addressed is the competition between different kinds of defects in controlling the initiation and early growth of fatigue cracks.
Defects as a root cause of fatigue failure of metallic components. I: Basic aspects (2019)
Zerbst, Uwe ; Madia, Mauro ; Klinger, Christian ; Bettge, Dirk ; Murakami, Y.
According to the definition of the ASM handbook [1,3], a defect is "an imperfection. that can be shown to cause failure by a quantitative analysis and that would not have occurred in the absence of the imperfection". The topic of the present three-part review is a discussion of defects which can cause failure in cyclically loaded structures. The features discussed comprise material defects such as non-metallic inclusions, pores or micro-shrinkages, etc. and geometric defects such as surface roughness and secondary notches which have their origin in manufacturing, and defects such as surface damage due to scratches, impact events or contact fatigue as well as corrosion pits which arise in service. In this first part, the discussion is prefaced by an introduction to basic aspects which are essential for a deeper understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms how the defects influence fatigue crack initiation and propagation. These include the life cycle of a fatigue crack from initiation up to fracture, crack arrest, multiple crack initiation and coalescence, and the material and geometrical properties affecting these.
On the corrosion mechanism of CO2 transport pipeline steel caused by condensate: Synergistic effects of NO2 and SO2 (2019)
Le, Quynh Hoa ; Bäßler, Ralph ; Bettge, Dirk
To study the effects of condensed acid liquid, hereafter referred to as condensate, on the CO2 transport pipeline steels, gas mixtures containing a varying concentration of H2O, O2, NO2, and SO2, were proposed and resulted in the condensate containing H2SO4 and HNO3 with the pH ranging from 0.5 to 2.5. By exposing the pipeline steel to the synthetic condensate with different concentration of acidic components, the corrosion kinetic is significantly changed. Reaction kinetic was studied using electrochemical methods coupled with water analysis and compared with surface analysis (scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffractometry (XRD)) of corroded coupons. The results showed that, although the condensation of NO2 in the form of HNO3 causes faster general corrosion rate, it is the condensation of SO2 in the form of H2SO4 or the combination of SO2 and NO2 that may cause much more severe problems in the form of localized and pitting corrosions. The resulting corrosion forms were depended on the chemical nature of acids and their concentration at the same investigated pH. The effects of changing CO2 flow rate and renewing condensate on pitting corrosion were further studied.
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