4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Posterpräsentation (24) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (24) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Nano (4)
- OECD (3)
- Analytical method (2)
- Capsules (2)
- Cascade impactor (2)
- Chamber test (2)
- EN 16516 (2)
- ESEM (2)
- ISO 16000-6 (2)
- Material emissions (2)
- Prüfrichtlinie (2)
- Reference materials (2)
- VVOCs (2)
- Volatile organic compounds (2)
- Additive Fertigung (1)
- Aerosol (1)
- Aerosol element alanysis (1)
- Aerosol element mass concentration (1)
- Affinity chromatography (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Affinity support (1)
- Air exchange rate (1)
- Aluminium (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Analytik (1)
- Anodization (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody purification (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis AAAA (1)
- BFR (1)
- BSA (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (1)
- Building product (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Construction products (1)
- Consumer articles (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Crystallization (1)
- Damage repair (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- EDX Analysis (1)
- Emission chamber testing (1)
- Emissions (1)
- European standard (1)
- Fiber (1)
- Fibre (1)
- Glasanalyse (1)
- Glasmalfarben (1)
- Glutaraldehyde (1)
- Guideline (1)
- Historic buildings (1)
- Human plasma (1)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- Loading factor (1)
- Medieval glasses (1)
- Mobile anodisation (1)
- Mobile application (1)
- Nano particle (1)
- Nanomaterial (1)
- Nanomaterials (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Odour (1)
- PP (1)
- PS (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Particle size distributuion (1)
- Perceived Intensity (1)
- Phosphonic acids (1)
- Polyglycerol (1)
- Polymer (1)
- ProMoAM (1)
- Protein a (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein immobilization (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Prozessmonitoring (1)
- QA/QC (1)
- Reductive amination (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- SDS-PAGE (1)
- Sapphire (1)
- Schutzverglasung (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Size distribution (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Stained glasses (1)
- TEM (1)
- TXRF (1)
- TXRF ambient air aerosol chemical analysis aerosol element composition (1)
- Test Guideline (1)
- Testguideline (1)
- Thermal extraction (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Tyrosine (1)
- UFP (1)
- Umweltsimulation (1)
- VOC (1)
- VOC-emission (1)
- Volatile organic compound (1)
- Weathering (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (24) (entfernen)
There is a need for an assessment of the emission properties of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from consumer products. A method comparison was carried out to evaluate adapted and cost-effective procedures for such items. Smaller and automated emission chambers de-picted similar kinetics compared to a 203 L standard chamber. Toy samples made of PVC (Polyvinyl chloride) emitted more VOCs compared to other tested polymeric products. The emissions from 2 selected samples were studied to allow an evaluation of the resulting room concentration and external exposure of a child. Obtained concentrations were not of concern.
Quality Improvement of VOC chamber emission tests observed for 10 years with round robin tests
(2018)
In Europe, the Construction Products Regulation (CPR, 2011/305/EU) sets basic requirements (BR) on how construction works must be designed and built. BR 3 “hygiene, health and the environment” states low emissions of toxic gases, Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCVOCs), particles, etc. from building materials. Meanwhile, a worldwide network of professional Commercial and non-commercial laboratories performing emission tests for the evaluation of products for interior use has been established.
Therefore, comparability of test results must be ensured. The participation in Round Robin Tests (RRTRRTs) is a means to prove a laboratory’s proficiency. Since 2006 BAM offers such proficiency test for emission chamber test every two years.
Any commercially available product on the market can be used as reference material, provided it is thoroughly characterised. However, these materials often emit only a few and material specific VOCs and appropriate homogeneity is not given. Therefore, alternative materials should be found. BAM used different materials over the years. Currently, the best suited reference material is a cured lacquer surface which contained several VOCs added to the liquid lacquer system. The round robin tests 2014, 2016 and 2018 were conducted with such a system.
Compounds like Styrene or n-Alkanes like Decane or Tridecane were tested in many of the proficiency test operated by BAM. Up to now the relative standard deviation of these compounds decrease continuously. Starting with values about 30 % in 2008 we reached values for the mentioned compounds 15 to 20 % now. But even for more polar compounds improved results were received.
Over the years the results of a large group of laboratories detected many compounds with much higher accuracy than at the beginning. So, the comparability between results of different laboratories becomes much better.
In addition to previously reported results on the simulated aging of polystyrene samples (PS) containing 1 wt. % hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), we present the first results of our investigations of polypropylene (PP)-samples containing 0.1 wt. % BDE-209. All studied polymer samples were exposed to a defined weathering schedule in a climate chamber in accordance to regulation EN ISO 4892-3:2006.For the determination of BDE-209 in the collected rain water samples derived from the used climate chamber, the samples were prepared in accordance with a validated protocol. Before the analyses, each sample was spiked with 2 µL of isotopically labeled BDE-209 (13C10-BDE-209) to serve as internal standard (ISTD) in the performed stable isotope dilution analysis. Subsequently the samples were extracted with isooctane, the obtained aliquots of the extracts were concentrated to 200 µL and 2 µL of the resulting solution were injected to the GC/MS for quantification.
Additionally, the total bromine contents are monitored for the aged and untreated samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) as well as X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) as non-destructive and rapid method. Furthermore, results from surface analysis using environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) for morphological characterization of the aged and untreated samples were presented and discussed. In general, the resulting data from the accelerated aging will be compared to those from the natural weathering experiments (“atmospheric exposure”, in soil).
The atmospheric exposure was performed by placing the samples on a weathering rack, which is aligned in SW direction (in a 45° angle to the horizon). The weathering data were regularly recorded by Deutscher Wetterdienst at this site. The surfaces of the test specimens (aged and stored references) were analyzed by ESEM as well as by LA-ICP-MS and by XRF. The surface of PS and PP specimens aged outdoors present the aging under real conditions and allow the comparison to the accelerated aged specimens by means of the weathering chamber. This way, we explore the efficiency of the accelerated aging procedure, which provides the advantage of well-defined and reproducible conditions compared to natural weathering, as a tool for testing different plastic materials.
Additionally “in soil” experiments were conducted in-door in a well characterized testing soil. The soil (boulder-clay, sand with 12 % loam, particle size in total 0.2-4 mm) is filled in a free-draining concrete basin inside of an air-conditioned room. In this manner, TOC, water capacity and humidity are recorded parameters. To assure a washing out process from the samples by the raining water, the target water content is calculated to 8%. The actual humidity is measured by a tensiometer, assuring the duration of the raining period. The water content is additionally monitored by weight of the basin, capturing water from raining periods. The correct humidity is a fundamental parameter for biological activity. Samples of PS resp. PP were of dimension 10x1cm and 5 specimens were placed up to the half in the soil per basin. Microbial activity of the soil, monitored by the reference polyurethane, sets HBCD resp. BDE-209 of the samples free and will be leached from the samples by raining water. Thereafter these will be captured by passive samplers placed in a distinct distance to the samples in the soil. The “in soil” experiments are complementary to the weathering experiments due to the biological activity in the soil. These experiments simulate the fate of the brominated flame retardants in the biosphere.