4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2021 (115) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
Sprache
- Englisch (115) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (8)
- Antimicrobial resistance (7)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (6)
- Bottom ash (5)
- Evolution (5)
- Phosphorus (5)
- Antimicrobial coating (4)
- BOFS (4)
- Biofilms (4)
- Sewage sludge (4)
- Single cell analysis (4)
- Archaea (3)
- Archaeometry (3)
- Bacteria (3)
- Biocide tolerance (3)
- Biofilm formation (3)
- Carbon steel (3)
- Combustion ion chromatography (3)
- Construction products (3)
- Cross-resistance (3)
- Hydraulic reactivity (3)
- MIC (3)
- Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Nano (3)
- Nanomaterial (3)
- OECD (3)
- PFAS (3)
- Persistence (3)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (3)
- Aerosol (2)
- Air quality monitoring (2)
- Ambient aerosols (2)
- Antagonism (2)
- Bacterial adhesion (2)
- Calcium silicate (2)
- Cascade impactor (2)
- Chemical characterization (2)
- Circular economy (2)
- Design of experiments (2)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (2)
- Drawings (2)
- Element mass concentration (2)
- Emission test chamber (2)
- Environmental condition (2)
- FFF-3D-Printer (2)
- Fertilizer (2)
- Formaldehyde (2)
- Fungi (2)
- Gas chromatography (2)
- Geosynthetics (2)
- ICP-MS (2)
- ISO 16000-6 (2)
- Ink analysis (2)
- Korrosion (2)
- Laser processing (2)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (2)
- Leaching of waste materials (2)
- Mixed ink (2)
- Modelling studies (2)
- Nanoparticle (2)
- Papyrus (2)
- Phosphorus recovery (2)
- Portland Cement (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Recovery (2)
- Recycling (2)
- Reference method (2)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (2)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (2)
- Size resolved chemical composition (2)
- Soil (2)
- Standardization (2)
- TXRF (2)
- Test guideline (2)
- Thermal desorption (2)
- Time resolved chemical composition (2)
- UFP (2)
- VOC (2)
- Wooden toys (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- 13CO2 pulse labeling (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- A-DNA conformation (1)
- Academia (1)
- Aerodynamic levitation (1)
- Aerosol gravimetry (1)
- Aerosol measurement instruments (1)
- Aging test (1)
- Air analysis (1)
- Air pollution control (1)
- Alkali zinc borate glass (1)
- Ammonium (1)
- Analytical method (1)
- Anobium punctatum (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antibacterial coatings (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Antimicrobial materials (1)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (1)
- Antimicrobial testing (1)
- Aquatic fungi (1)
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza (1)
- Archaeological provenance (1)
- Archaeometric studies (1)
- Architecture (1)
- Artificial ageing (1)
- Bauprodukte (1)
- Bauxite Residue (1)
- Bawit (1)
- Bio-based insulation (1)
- Bio-weathering (1)
- Biocide (1)
- Biocides in the environment (1)
- Biocorrosion (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Black fungi (1)
- Black writing ink (1)
- Blast-furnace sludge (1)
- Building products (1)
- CFRP (1)
- COST Action (1)
- COVID (1)
- CPC calibration (1)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Carbon Fibers (1)
- Carbon ink (1)
- Cell appendages (1)
- Chamber measurement (1)
- Chemical composition (1)
- Chemical durability (1)
- Chromium (1)
- Circular Economy (1)
- Clean steel (1)
- Coastal protection (1)
- Cockroach (1)
- Construction product (1)
- Contaminant transfer (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Contraction (1)
- Coptic manuscripts (1)
- Core/shell nanoparticle (1)
- Corona (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Cryo XPS (1)
- Crystalline phase identification (1)
- CuNPs (1)
- DNA barcode (1)
- DSM 5009 (1)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Desert ecology (1)
- Differential expression (1)
- Diffractive gratings (1)
- Disinfection (1)
- Dispersion of carbon pigments (1)
- Dry treatment (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- Dynamic surface leaching test (1)
- EN 16516 (1)
- EN 717-3 (1)
- EOF/AOF (1)
- Early european inks (1)
- Earthen building materials (1)
- Ecotoxicity testing (1)
- Ecotoxicity tests (1)
- Ectoine (1)
- Electric Arc Furnace (1)
- Elektroofenstaub (1)
- Emerging Contaminants (1)
- Emission (1)
- Emission Test Chamber (1)
- Emissionen (1)
- Emisson testing (1)
- Environmental evaluation (1)
- European research area (1)
- Expansion (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extreme environments (1)
- Extremophile (1)
- F pili (1)
- Family archives (1)
- Faraday cup aerosol electrometer (1)
- Flask method (1)
- Flow Model (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Forest fires (1)
- Forsterite (1)
- Fragmented manuscripts (1)
- Fungus (1)
- GAeF (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Geotextiles (1)
- Geruchsmessung (1)
- Gichtgasschlamm (1)
- Glass (1)
- Grouts (1)
- Gypsum plasterboards (1)
- Gypsum waste (1)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (1)
- Halophile (1)
- Haze Samples (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Hebrew studies (1)
- Hellenistic (1)
- Hermopolis (1)
- Hi-Tension (1)
- High salinity (1)
- History of Art (1)
- Horizontal gene transfer (1)
- Hydration products (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hyperarid (1)
- ISO 22196 (1)
- Illuminated manuscripts (1)
- In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction (1)
- Ink fingerprint (1)
- Insect biotechnology (1)
- Inter-comparison (1)
- Inter-laboratory test (1)
- Intercomparison (1)
- Interdisciplinary (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- Iron-gall ink (1)
- Keratin (1)
- Korynetes caeruleus (1)
- LIPSS (1)
- Laccase (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Leaching (1)
- Leaching tests (1)
- Leonardo da Vinci (1)
- Light (1)
- Lightning talk (1)
- Lignocellulose (1)
- Limit values (1)
- Low melting (1)
- Lysimeter (1)
- MIC Island (1)
- Major transition (1)
- Manuscript studies (1)
- Manuscripts (1)
- Marble (1)
- Marine littering (1)
- Material analysis (1)
- Melanin (1)
- Metallic silver precipitates (1)
- Microbe (1)
- Microchamber (1)
- Mircobially influcenced corrosion (1)
- Model aerosols (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Multi-resistant bacteria (1)
- Multicellularity (1)
- Multiple Displacement Amplification (1)
- Mussel-inspired coating (1)
- Mutation rate (1)
- NAP-XPS (1)
- NGS (1)
- NIR imaging (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano metal fluorides (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Natural ecosystems (1)
- Near-infrared refectography (1)
- Nitrate (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Non-invasive analysis (1)
- Oil (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Osteogenesis (1)
- Oxide melts (1)
- P. Fluorescens (1)
- PFAS analytics (1)
- PM monitors (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Particle size distribution (1)
- Particles (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Perceived Intensity (1)
- Phase formation (1)
- Phase separation (1)
- Phosphorus availability (1)
- Photonics (1)
- Plant economic spectrum (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Poster presentation (1)
- Potential toxic elements (1)
- Process upscaling (1)
- Proficiency testing (1)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1)
- Pyrometallurgy (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- RNA-Seq (1)
- RNA-Sequencing (1)
- Radon (1)
- Recycled gypsum (1)
- Recycling fertiliser (1)
- Recycling fertilizer (1)
- Red Mud (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Release kinetics (1)
- Rembrandt (1)
- Ressourcenrückgewinnung (1)
- Rhenanite (1)
- Root economics space (1)
- Rround robin test (1)
- SARS (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SEM-EDS (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sc recovery (1)
- Scandium (1)
- Secondary building materials (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Selective chlorination (1)
- Semivolatile organic compounds (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Silver diffusion (1)
- Simulation of materials degradation (1)
- Size (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Social insect (1)
- Sociality (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standardisation (1)
- Steelmaking (1)
- Steelmaking residues (1)
- Subsocial (1)
- Substance release (1)
- Sulfate reducing bacteria (1)
- Sum parameter analyis (1)
- Suppression (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- Synergy (1)
- Temperate rain forest (1)
- Termites (1)
- Testguideline (1)
- Text analysis (1)
- Thermal Desorption (1)
- Thermal Extraction (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermal treatment (1)
- Tineola bisselliella (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Transcriptomics (1)
- Transformation (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Transport modeling (1)
- Typology of Inks (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- VOC emission (1)
- VVOCs (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (1)
- Waste incineration (1)
- Waste-to-energy (1)
- Water contact (1)
- Weathering tests (1)
- Wood Modification (1)
- Wood Protection (1)
- Wood protection (1)
- Writing inks (1)
- X-ray based techniques (1)
- X-ray fuorescence (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- XANES (1)
- XANES spectroscopy (1)
- XRF imaging (1)
- XRF ink analysis (1)
- Xestobium rufovillosum (1)
- Zinc chloride (1)
- Zink (1)
- dsDAN monolayer (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- soil (1)
- x-ray diffraction (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (115)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (38)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (24)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (23)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (18)
- 6 Materialchemie (15)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (11)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (9)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (8)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (8)
Paper des Monats
- ja (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (40)
The presentation gives general information about the European Standard EN 16516 “Construction products – Assessment of release of dangerous substances – Determination of emissions into indoor air”. This test standard was developed based on the mandate M/366 of the European commission and is a horizontal reference method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from different classes of construction (building) products. Specific test conditions are to be selected by the product TCs (technical committees) in a way that a product is tested under its intended condition of use.
The test is based on the use of emission test chambers which are operated at constant air change rate and climate (23°C, 50 % r.h.) over 28 days. The standard defines the conditions and requirements for the measurement including loading factor, air change rate, sampling, analysis and calculation of emission rates of the substances. A 30 m³ reference room is described which is used to calculate air concentrations from the determined emission rates.
The standard EN 16516 enables the evaluation of construction products regarding their emissions into indoor air under defined and comparable conditions. The evaluation includes the determination of identified target compounds, non-identified target compounds, volatile carcinogenic compounds and the sum values TVOC, TSVOC and R.
SRB are environmentally and industrially important microorganisms. The disadvantage of their metabolic activity (e.g. sulfate reduction) results in the formation of toxic sulfide that leads to microbial influenced corrosion. SRB have been responsible for biocorrosion of ferrous metal. One of mitigation strategy is the use of biocides. However, it has been shown that various bacteria develop antimicrobial resistance due to excessive use of biocides. Thus, a deeper understanding of the evolution of biocide resistance of SRB is necessary. Three commonly used biocides, THPS, BAC, and GLUT were applied to investigate the susceptibility of Desulfovibrio alaskensis G20.The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentration and the killing kinetics of the three biocides was determined. These results will be used to conduct evolution experiments to determine the evolution of resistance towards biocides of SRBs. The outcome of this work can be helpful to improve the management of MIC treatments.
Steelmaking slags are a by-product of steel production, that are currently used primarily in road construction, earthwork, and hydraulic engineering. In this use, the iron bound in the steelmaking slags (< 30 wt.%) is lost.
Recovery of iron from steelmaking slags is possible by thermochemical reductive treatment. The reductive treatment of liquid steelmaking slags causes iron oxides to be reduced to metallic iron, which separates from the mineral phase due to its higher density. The chemical composition of the mineral phase is thus adapted to that of the Portland cement clinker and the mineral alite, the most important component of Portland cement, is formed. This way, crude iron can be recovered, and at the same time a hydraulic binder can be produced.
This process, however, is uneconomical due to the high temperatures required (~1800 °C). In the current project, the process is to be adapted so that the reduction of liquid steelmaking slag can be carried out at ~1600 °C. The chemical composition is to be modified in such a way that the melting temperature of the slags as well as their viscosity are in a technically suitable range and still a product with good cementitious properties is obtained.
The first manuscripts from the Qumran caves were found in 1947. Within the following 10 years, clandestine and legal excavations revealed some 900 highly fragmented manuscripts from the late Second Temple period. This collection is generally known as Scrolls of the Judea Desert or Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS). For many years after their discovery, text analysis and fragmeents attribution were the main concern of the scholars dealing with the scrolls. The uncertain archaeological provenance of the larger part of the collection added an additional difficulty to the formidable task of sorting some 19000 fragments. After 60 years of scholar research the question of origin, archaeological provenance and correct attribution of the fragmenst are still hotly debated. To dtermine a possible contribution to the debate from the point of view of writing materials, we used otpical and electron microscopy, various X-ray based techniques as well as vibratiional sprectroscopy. We validated our approach with SY - based studies using the advantages of the synchroton radiation source with respect to the benchtop devices. Our laboratory studies showed that often production and storage locality could be distinguished thenks to the specific residues ("fingerprint") they left on the material. Moreover, we have diescovered that diferrent parchment production processses coexisted in the antiquity, and the resulting writing materials can readily be distinguished.
Indoor air quality is affected by the emission of volatile organic compounds (VOC) or the odour from building products. Odours can be measured by applying the standard ISO 16000-28:2020.
In the study presented here proposals for further technical development of the ISO method are presented. The sampling procedure and evaluation
method of the perceived intensity are investigated in particular because they have a major influence on reproducibility of measurement results.
In this paper, we discuss the importance of scientifically investigating cultural artefacts in a non-invasive way. Taking as test case Leonardo da Vinci’s Manuscript with anatomic drawings and notes, which is stored in Weimar, we clarify fundamental steps in the chronology of this folio. By means of microscopy, infrared reflectography, UV photography, and X-ray fluorescence analysis, we were able to identify various types of sketching material and several varieties of iron gall ink. For his sketches, Leonardo used two different sketching tools, a lead pencil and a graphite pencil, as well as several types of ink for developing these sketches into drawings. With regard to ink, it is important to observe that there is no difference between the ink Leonardo used for drawing and the ink he used for writing text. Based on the materials analysed, we suggest a chronology for the creation of this unique folio.
Our standard protocol for the characterisation of writing materials within advanced manuscript studies has been successfully used to investigate manuscripts written with a pure ink on a homogeneous writing surface. However, this protocol is inadequate for analysing documents penned in mixed inks. We present here the advantages and limitations of the improved version of the protocol, which now includes imaging further into the infrared region (1100−1700 nm).
The aim of this paper is to present the productive interplay of connoisseurship and material analysis when dealing with drawings by Rembrandt – or previously attributed to him – in the collection of the Klassik Stiftung Weimar. This concerns the more precise determination of the drawing materials used and the reconstruction of the genesis of the drawings discussed. The material analysis allows us to decide whether and how Rembrandt’s inks can be used to determine authorship at all. The “material turn” in drawing studies thus intervenes in the discussion about authorship and opens up a broader production aesthetic perspective. No longer the “style” but rather the handeling becomes the decisive criterion for answering the question “Rembrandt, or not?”
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important global health problem. The environment has been regocnized as an improtant compartment for the occurance, evolution and transmission of AMR. Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with the environment and natural microbial communities through direct application and passive leaching from protected materials. It has been shown that environmental contaminants, such as antibiotics, metals and pesticides, can affect resistance evolution and spread by modifying the underlying processes of de novo mutagenesis, horizontal gene transfer and selection. However, it is unknown if material preservatives are involved in these processes and thereby can also drive AMR in the environment. Here, we investigate the effect of material preservatives on rates of de novo mutation and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in Escherichia coli and the model soil microorganisms Acinetobacter baylyi and Bacillus subtilis. To this end, we determined the effects of material preservatives on the mutation rates and HGT with the Luria-Delbrück fluctuation assay and a conjugation assay with the broad host-range plasmid pKJK5 and a transformation assay. Our data shows that the quaternary ammonium compound DDAC, copper, the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin and the azole fungicide propiconazole significantly increase mutation rates in E. coli, whereas A. baylyi and B. subtilis are not significantly affected. Moreover, we show that the carbamate IPBC and the insecticide permethrin affect HGT in a concentration dependent manner. Investigations with reporter strains for bacterial stress response pathways show that induction of the general stress response (rpoS) and components of the SOS response (recA) underlie the effects of most biocides on mutation rates and HGT. Taken together, our data is important for assessing the contribution of biocides on AMR evolution and spread in the environment.
Previous studies have shown that desktop 3D printers (Fused Filament Fabrication) emit high numbers of particulate matter, mainly as ultrafine particles (UFP, particle diameter less than 100 nm). However, the chemical composition of emitted particles has been less extensively investigated. In this study, we therefore focused on the chemical composition of particles emitted from 3D printing. The measurements were conducted in a 1 m³ emission test chamber. Emitted particles were sampled by a 13-stage low-pressure cascade impactor onto aluminum foils and then analyzed by TD-GC/MS to identify their organic compounds. Nine commercial filaments made from basic polymers such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS), Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate (ASA), Polycarbonate (PC), Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), Nylon, High Performance Polystyrene (HIPS) and a copper-filled Polylactide (PLA) were investigated. The results show that the organic components of the particles are primarily plastic additives such as plasticizer, antioxidant agents, lubricants, UV-absorbers and UV-stabilizers from the filaments.