4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (65) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (35)
- Deutsch (27)
- Chinesisch (2)
- Italienisch (1)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (65) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Archaeometry (5)
- Inks (5)
- Non-destructive testing (5)
- Ersatzbaustoffe (4)
- Klärschlamm (4)
- Holzschutz (3)
- Ink (3)
- Phosphat (3)
- Phosphor (3)
- Bottom ash (2)
- Corrosion evolution (2)
- Disposal repository (2)
- ESEM (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Klärschlammverordnung (2)
- Lapis lazuli (2)
- Micro-XRF (2)
- Mixed ink (2)
- Nuclear waste (2)
- PGAA (2)
- PIXE (2)
- Pigment analyses (2)
- Provenance studies (2)
- Recycling (2)
- Struvit (2)
- Tantal (2)
- Termites (2)
- Zinc (2)
- 13th century (1)
- 2D nanomaterials (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Abfalltrennung (1)
- Abfallverbrennung (1)
- Abfälle (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Abwasserreinigung (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Agronomische Effizienz (1)
- Ancient document production (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antimicrobial (1)
- Antimony black (stibnite) (1)
- BAM Data Store (1)
- BAM-Zulassung (1)
- BEMMA (1)
- Bagasse (1)
- Basin (1)
- Bauprodukte (1)
- Bewertungsverfahren (1)
- Bio-P-Kläranlage (1)
- Biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung (1)
- Biozide (1)
- Blast furnace sludge (1)
- Boden (1)
- Bodenmaterialien (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- CEN (1)
- Calcareous deposits (1)
- Carbon ink (1)
- Carolingian (1)
- Cathodic protection (1)
- Chemische Löslichkeit (1)
- Chlorination (1)
- Circular Economy (1)
- Circular economy (1)
- Colorants (1)
- Colourants (1)
- Colouring (1)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Constantinomyces (1)
- Copper (1)
- Coptic papyri (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Corrosion environment (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- Cultural heritage (1)
- DIN (1)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Deponierung (1)
- Deponieverordnung (1)
- Direct material input (1)
- Diversität (1)
- Domestikation (1)
- Dyes and pigments (1)
- Düngemittel (1)
- Electric arc furnace dust (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) (1)
- Electronic lab notebook (ELN) (1)
- Elektrolichtbogenofen (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (1)
- Elimination (1)
- Eluatwerte (1)
- Elutionsverfahren (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Environmental analysis (1)
- Erfurt (1)
- Extraktion (1)
- FT-Raman (1)
- Fassaden (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Flügel (1)
- Forschungsdatenmanagement (1)
- Freisetzung (1)
- Functionalized graphene (1)
- Fungicidal property (1)
- Fällmittel (1)
- Genetik (1)
- Geokunststoffe (1)
- Geruchsmessung (1)
- Giulio Romano (1)
- Granulat (1)
- Hausbockkäfer (1)
- Hebrew studies (1)
- Herculaneum papyri (1)
- Hi-Tension (1)
- Holy Family (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Holzwurm (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. (1)
- ISO (1)
- Ink analyses (1)
- Ink analysis (1)
- Ink corrosion (1)
- Instrumental analysis of ink (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Iron-gall ink (1)
- Jig (1)
- Kläranlage (1)
- Klärschlammasche (1)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (1)
- Kulturelle Entomologie (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- Langzeitverhalten (1)
- Leaching of waste materials (1)
- Lead (1)
- Leather (1)
- Lichtbogenofen (1)
- Low alloy steel (1)
- Lysimeter (1)
- MIC (1)
- Mantelverordnung (1)
- Manuscript (1)
- Manuscript studies (1)
- Manuscripts (1)
- Map production and publishing (1)
- Maps and colours (1)
- Mechanische Stabilität (1)
- Methanogene (1)
- Methods of scientific analysis (1)
- Microbial abundance (1)
- Microcolonial fungi (1)
- Middle Ages (1)
- Mixed Inks (1)
- Monoverbrennung (1)
- Multilocus phylogeny (1)
- Museum (1)
- Museumsschädling (1)
- Nachsorge (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- NanoPlattform (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Natural abundance of 15N (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Neozoon (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Nitrogen fixation (1)
- Nitrogen uptake (1)
- Non-destructiv testing (1)
- Non-invasive scientific methods (1)
- Normung (1)
- Novelle BBodSchV (1)
- Nährstoffe (1)
- OpenBIS (1)
- Optical properties of ink (1)
- P-Recyclingdünger (1)
- PAK (1)
- PFAS (1)
- Paper sizings (1)
- Pentimenti (1)
- Permeat (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Persian historical recipes (1)
- Pflanzenverfügbarkeit (1)
- Pflanzenwurzel (1)
- Phosphor-Rückgewinnung (1)
- Phosphorrückgewinnung (1)
- Phosphorus recovery (1)
- Photocatalytic surfaces (1)
- Physical and optical characteristics (1)
- Pilze (1)
- Portrayal of St Joseph (1)
- Pyrometallurgie (1)
- Radiocarbon (1)
- Raman (1)
- Raphael school (1)
- Recipes (1)
- Recyclingdüngemittel (1)
- Reduktionsprozess (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Relative agronomische Effizienz (RAE) (1)
- Religion (1)
- Research Data Infrastructure (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Research data management (1)
- Retentat (1)
- Reworking (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Road construction waste (1)
- Rostasche (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- Schmetterlinge (1)
- Secondary building materials (1)
- Secondary raw materials (1)
- Sets of archaeometric data (1)
- Sixteenth-century painting technique (1)
- Size (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Spectral imaging (1)
- Standsicherheit (1)
- Stress tolerance (1)
- Subaerial biofilms (1)
- Sum parameter analysis (1)
- Tannins (1)
- Temperature and humidity (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Termiten (1)
- Textilschädling (1)
- Thermochemical treatment (1)
- Torah (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Umweltsimulation (1)
- Urban mining (1)
- VOC-Emission (1)
- VOC-emission (1)
- Vasari (1)
- Vegetationsversuche (1)
- Vererbung (1)
- Verwertung (1)
- Vitrine (1)
- Vorsorgewerte (1)
- Waste treatment (1)
- Waste water (1)
- Water analysis (1)
- Wet-mechanical treatment (1)
- Wood protection (1)
- XRF (1)
- Zentrat (1)
- Zinnschlacke (1)
- openBIS (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (65) (entfernen)
Advanced codicological studies of Cod. germ. 6 (Hamburg, Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek): Part 2
(2018)
The work presented here follows the article Combining Codicology and X-Ray Spectrometry to Unveil the History of Production of Codex germanicus 6 (Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg), published in 2014.1 It confirms the main result of the previous article: the Artusnotiz, the fourth text in the bound manuscript, must have been introduced as the last one. This paper offers further details of the codex production, based on the composition of the black and red inks collected in four measurement campaigns. Furthermore, using imaging μ-XRF, we succeeded in understanding the strong variation of the composition of the red inks in the initials of all the texts except for Parzival and Jeanne d’Arc.
It is well documented that throughout Antiquity, ancient Egyptians used mostly carbon inks as a writing material. In Late Antiquity, some metals started to be added to carbon based inks. We have records of five manuscripts from the Dead Sea Scrolls collection whose carbon inks were found to contain copper Also, lead was recently found as an additive in carbon inks on a charred fragment from Herculaneum. Furthermore, the earliest evidence of iron-gall ink was found in the Book of Proverbs (Codex Ms. Berol. orient. oct. 987) dating to the third fourth centuries ce. It has been suggested that along with carbon and iron-gall inks, there is no reason to think that purely tannin inks were not also in use in Egypt. However, so far, we just have evidence of a copper-tannin ink identified in a number of documents from Egypt in the first third centuries bce. In an attempt to fill this gap in this extremely fragmented scenario during our studies of the socio-geographic history of inks, we arrived at the conclusion that the continuous production of Coptic manuscripts from Late Antiquity to the Middle Ages offers a unique opportunity for the historical study of inks across a large geographic area.
Due to its large mineral fraction, incineration bottom ash (IBA) from municipal solid waste incineration is an interesting raw material that can be used for road construction or to produce secondary building materials. However, leaching chloride, sulfate, and potentially harmful heavy metals may cause problems in using IBA in civil engineering. Investigating leaching behavior is crucial for the assessment of the environmental compatibility of IBA applications. Various test procedures are available for that purpose. In the present study, a long-term leaching test of a wet-mechanically treated IBA was performed in a lysimeter for almost six years.
While concentrations of chloride, sulfate and the majority of the heavy metals started to decrease rapidly with progressive liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S), antimony (Sb) and vanadium (V) behaved differently. At the beginning of the lysimeter test, the Sb and V concentrations were low, but after approximately one year of operation at an L/S ratio of around 0.8 L/kg, a steady increase was observed. It was shown that this increase is the result of low Ca concentrations due to the formation of CaCO3.
With the data, the solubility products from Ca-antimonate and Ca-vanadate were calculated. The unusual leaching behavior of Sb and V should be kept in mind when considering field scenarios and evaluating the impact on the environment.
Permanente und nachhaltige Deckung von Grundbedürfnissen der Nahrungs- und Materialversorgung, aber auch das Ausnutzen von Arbeitshilfen, der Gebrauch von Versuchstieren in der Wissenschaft und die Freude an tierischer Begleitung in der Freizeit waren Beweggründe für die Domestikation von Tieren. Haustiere gehen auf eine zu ihrer Art gehörige Stammform einer Wildtierart zurück. Haustier und Wildtier sind somit Angehörige einer biologischen Spezies. Bei der Domestikation von Tieren spielte zwischenartliche Introgression keine Rolle. Die Domestikation von Haustieren durch Separation von kleinen Gruppen von Wildtieren erfolgte nur wenige Male an wenigen Orten (primäre Domestikationszentren). Haustiere bilden artübergreifend auffällig ähnliche morphologische und ethologische Merkmale aus (Domestikationssyndrom). Domestikation bei Wirbeltieren erfolgt primär über Selektion auf zutrauliches und zahmes Verhalten und unterliegt einem sehr komplexen pleiotropen Netzwerk von Regelkreisen. Die Domestikation ist ein koevolutiver Prozess und das Resultat eines bilateralen wechselseitigen Zusammenfindens von Prädispositionen und reziproken Valenzen der jeweiligen Partner von Haustier und Mensch.
Black writing materials of different types and compositions have varied in use over time and different geographical regions. With this paper, we would like to contribute to their study by listing and reviewing recipes for black writing inks that were in circulation in the Carolingian Empire as well as by referencing the archaeometric analyses of the black inks used in the manuscripts. The studies presented here that involved the humanities and natural sciences provide new insights into how the scholars of the early Medieval Ages organized manuscripts.
Die P-Rückgewinnung aus Teilströmen mit erhöhten P-Gehalten kann direkt in den Kläranlagenbetrieb integriert werden und führt dort in vielen Fällen zu betrieblichen und ökonomischen Vorteilen. Sie ist in der Regel auf Bio-P-Kläranlagen beschränkt, da hier die anaerobe P-Rücklösung initiiert und genutzt werden kann. Durch die reine P-Rücklösung durch Schaffung anaerober Bedingungen ist allerdings das Potential der Rückgewinnung auf 5 bis 15 Prozent der Zulauffracht limitiert.
Die meisten Kläranlagen in Deutschland werden mit einer chemischen Phosphor-Fällung betrieben. Diese Anlagen können aus dem Klärschlamm Phosphat in ausreichend hoher Konzentration nur zurückgewinnen, indem zusätzlich anorganische Säuren wie Schwefelsäure zugeführt werden oder ein Aufschluss mit flüssigem Kohlendioxid stattfindet. Es wird angenommen, dass sich mit diesen Verfahren mehr als 50 Prozent der Zulauffracht einer Kläranlage zurückgewinnen lassen. Der Aufschluss von Klärschlamm mit Schwefelsäure geht aber mit vergleichsweise hohen Umweltwirkungen sowie mit höheren Kosten im Vergleich zu anderen Phosphor-Rückgewinnungsverfahren einher. Ein sehr hohes Potential der Rückgewinnung von Phosphor (P) ist bei allen Verfahren gegeben, die als Rohstoff die Asche aus der Monoverbrennung verwerten. Der Aufschluss mit anorganischen Säuren ermöglicht die sichere Phosphor-Rückgewinnung von mehr als 80% Prozent des Kläranlagenzulaufs. Die Verfahren sind zum Teil großtechnisch umgesetzt oder es befinden sich großtechnische Anlagen im Bau. Auch thermochemische Verfahren wurden entwickelt und deren Einsatzbereitschaft im großtechnischen Maßstab erfolgreich demonstriert. In dem nachfolgenden Beitrag werden unterschiedliche praxiserprobte Verfahren zur Phosphor-Rückgewinnung unter technischen und wirtschaftlichen Aspekten vorgestellt.
The objective of this study is to find out, to what extent the geochemical characteristics of lapis lazuli can be utilized in respect to its provenance. A wide range of variables is taken into consideration depending on the quantity of samples analysed from a specific geological region and the methods applied. In order to provide evidence, a multi-technique analytical approach using µXRF, ESEM, PGAA and PIXE is applied to samples from the most famous deposits of lapis lazuli. Special elements determined as fingerprints are compared in relation to the forming conditions obvious in textural features. The results and statistical output allow a differentiation that enables an optimized local classification of the blue stone. An absolute requirement for all geo-tracing performed on blue colored cultural objects of unknown provenance is awareness of the limits of analysis. The possible sources of lapis lazuli are tested by analysing the blue pigment used as paint on murals and ink on manuscripts from the Silk Road.
The objective of this study is to find out, to what extent the geochemical characteristics of lapis lazuli can be utilized in respect to its provenance. A wide range of variables is taken into consideration depending on the quantity of samples analysed from a specific geological region and the methods applied. In order to provide evidence, a multi-technique analytical approach using µXRF, ESEM, PGAA and PIXE is applied to samples from the most famous deposits of lapis lazuli. Special elements determined as fingerprints are compared in relation to the forming conditions obvious in textural features. The results and statistical output allow a differentiation that enables an optimized local classification of the blue stone. An absolute requirement for all geo-tracing performed on blue colored cultural objects of unknown provenance is awareness of the limits of analysis. The possible sources of lapis lazuli are tested by analysing the blue pigment used as paint on murals and ink on manuscripts from the Silk Road.
In this study, we investigated the diverse range of materials used for sizing in Iranian paper manuscripts during the Timurid (fifteenth century) to Safavid (sixteenth century) and Qajar (nineteenth century) periods. Our approach combined historical analysis with scientific examination of reconstructed sizings. We reconstructed 15 sizing materials based on identified Persian historical recipes and analysed their physical, optical, and spectral characteristics. Additionally, we assessed their behaviour against the mould fungus Aspergillus flavus. The results revealed distinctive properties for each sizing material, shedding light on their potential applications in paper preservation. Furthermore, our investigation demonstrated variations in hygroscopicity, thickness, grammage, and ash content post-sizing. The sizing materials also exhibited different effects on paper reflectance properties. Additionally, our study revealed insights into the impact of sizing on burnished papers, indicating that the mechanical process of burnishing did not significantly alter the chemical composition or spectral properties of the paper, with only minor changes in brightness observed in specific cases. All tested sizing materials supported varying levels of mould growth, indicating potential implications for paper conservation. Our findings provide valuable insights into the historical practices of Iranian paper sizing and offer practical considerations for the preservation of paper manuscripts.
One of the key elements in the transformation towards a circular economy (CE) is providing more sustainable practices for resources and waste management. Improvement actions focused on transformation towards a CE should be targeted at all groups of materials and waste. As water is essential for human survival and well-being and plays a significant role in sustainable development (SD), the actions related to the reuse of water and the recovery of raw materials from wastewater and other water-based waste should be taken. The paper presents a proposition for a new CE model framework in the water and wastewater sector, which includes the six following actions: reduction—prevent wastewater generation in the first place by the reduction of water usage and pollution reduction at source; reclamation (removal)—an application of effective Technologies for the removal of pollutants from water and wastewater; reuse—reuse of wastewater as an alternative source of water supply (non-potable usage), recycling—recovery of water from wastewater for potable usage; recovery—recovery of resources such as nutrients and energy from water-based waste, and rethink—rethinking how to use resources to create a sustainable economy, which is `free` of waste and emissions. The novelty of the proposed CE model framework is that it presents possible ways of implementing CE principles in the water and wastewater sector, with a strong emphasis not only technological but also organisational and societal changes. Application of the proposed model may help to further transform the European economy to the CE model. Moreover, the indicated model can be significant tool supporting an assessment of local or regional progress towards CE in the water and wastewater sector and further environmental management and planning.