4 Material und Umwelt
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- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (8) (entfernen)
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Brominated flame retardants have widely been used for more than 50 years and have been frequently detected in environmental samples as surface water and fish. Leaching from construction products was identified as one possible source. The use of substances as e.g. hexabromocyclododecane (HBCCD) was restricted recently due to increasing concern about negative impacts on the environment and human health caused by the persistent, bio accumulative and toxic properties. New polymeric brominated flame retardants have been developed to replace HBCCD in expanded polystyrene (XPS), which is used for insulation of buildings. It is assumed that the release from the polymer is much smaller in comparison to release of small molecules as HBCCD. The release from the polymer may include monomers or small fragments of different size. Thus, a sum parameter is needed. According to Schlummer et al. it is possible to detect brominated molecules using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy by determination of brome content in XPS extracts. As only small brominated compounds can be extracted it also allows for the differentiation between the two classes of compounds. This method was applied to verify the presence of different kinds of flame retardants in XPS samples and to evaluate the leaching behavior.
Leachiing tests - a useful tool for the environmental impact assessment of construction products?
(2018)
Construction products and waste materials used for construction can be in contact with the environment and may release potential harmful compounds. Information on the total content of these substances in the product is not sufficient to assess its envrionmental impact since it does not consider realistic exposure conditions.The impact of these compounds is often assessed by using the total content in the product. This estimation lacks realistic exposure conditions.
Concerning the pathway to soil and groundwater by contact with rain or seepage water leaching tests, which were developed and standardized by the European Committee for Standardization, are available. While for secondary construction products and waste this investigation of the leaching behaviour is standard procedure and is already part of regulation in Germany (draft ordinance on reuse of mineral waste) and within Europe (landfill directive) the release from primary construction products got in the focus more recently. Several monitoring studies found unexpected high concentrations of substances used as herbicides and fungicides in surface water and stormwater originating from urban areas. As some of these compounds are even banned for the use in agricultural applications in Europe alternative sources as roof materials and façade coatings exposed to rain were suggested. Further field and laboratory tests confirmed construction products as sources of these substances in water.
The aim of this presentation is to show exemplary results of existing leaching methods and underline the strength and weaknesses of the test system with selected examples from our work. We especially draw the attention to the research which is still needed to close the gap between the results of leaching experiments and the subsequent risk assessment of the products.
The presentation gives an overview about the use of ecotoxicity testing in assessment of waste. Especially in cases with unknown composition this kind of test are useful. Recently, the assessment of the hazard property HP 14 "ecotoxicity" for the labelling of waste was published. The labelling procedure is explained in detail.
The presentation gives an overview about the use of ecotoxicity testing in assessment of waste. Especially in cases with unknown composition this kind of test are useful. Recently, the assessment of the hazard property HP 14 "ecotoxicity" for the labelling of waste was published. The labelling procedure is explained in detail.
The presentation gives an overview about the use of ecotoxicity testing in assessment of waste. Especially in cases with unknown composition this kind of test are useful. Recently, the assessment of the hazard property HP 14 "ecotoxicity" for the labelling of waste was published. The labelling procedure is explained in detail.
Auslaugversuche wurden mit verschiedenen Bauprodukten durchgeführt, die unter Anwendungsbe-dingungen mit Niederschlägen in Kontakt kommen können. In das Testprogramm wurden Lacke für Außenanwendungen, Wärmedämmverbundsysteme, Dachziegel und polymere Dachfolien einbezogen.
Mit diesen Produkten wurden der von CEN TC 351 entwickelte dynamische Oberflächenauslaugtest (DSLT) und Immersionstests nach EN 16105 durchgeführt. Emissionsverläufe wurden sowohl für an-organische Komponenten als auch für organische Substanzen in den Eluaten ermittelt. Auslaugbare organische Substanzen wurden zuvor in Screeningtests identifiziert.
Um die mögliche Freisetzung von Stoffen aus Bauprodukten beurteilen zu können, ist es erforderlich, Emissionsverläufe zu beschreiben. Dazu sind die verwendeten Testverfahren geeignet. Um Baupro-dukte mit einem Blauen Engel als „Produkte mit geringer Auslaugung“ auszuloben, müssen die aus-laugbaren Substanzen komplett bekannt sein. Für organische Verbindungen ist das noch eine Heraus-forderung. Außerdem erfordert die Bewertung der Testergebnisse sowohl Übertragungsmodelle, die Vorhersagen über freisetzbare Stoffmengen unter Anwendungsbedingungen ermöglichen, als auch Vorgaben zu tolerierbaren Umweltkonzentrationen. Hier besteht noch Handlungsbedarf.
Ausgewählte Ergebnisse des UBA-Vorhabens "Beregnete Bauteile und Bauprodukte: Entwicklungen für Vergabegrundlagen für den Blauen Engel mit Hilfe von Auslaugtest" werden für organische und anorganische Analyten präsentiert. Ein Schwerpunkt ist den Einfluss der verschiedenen Schichten von WDVS-Systemen aufzuzeigen.