4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (442) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (279)
- Deutsch (157)
- Spanisch (4)
- Französisch (2)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (442)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (20)
- Antimicrobial resistance (19)
- Recycling (19)
- Nano (18)
- Ink (16)
- MIC (14)
- Biofilms (12)
- Phosphor (12)
- XRF (12)
- Klärschlamm (11)
- PFAS (11)
- Phosphorrückgewinnung (11)
- Nanomaterial (10)
- OECD (10)
- Antimicrobial coating (9)
- Bacteria (9)
- Corrosion (9)
- Deponie (9)
- Evolution (9)
- Leaching (9)
- CFK (8)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (8)
- Risk assessment (8)
- VOC (8)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (7)
- Phosphorus recovery (7)
- Standardization (7)
- Archaeometry (6)
- Black fungi (6)
- E. coli (6)
- Emission (6)
- Manuscript (6)
- Manuscripts (6)
- Methanogens (6)
- Nanopartikel (6)
- Ringversuch (6)
- Rostasche (6)
- Sewage sludge (6)
- Soil (6)
- Termite (6)
- Aerosol (5)
- BBodSchV (5)
- BOFS (5)
- Bauprodukte (5)
- Disinfection (5)
- Genetics (5)
- Geokunststoffe (5)
- Gichtgasschlamm (5)
- Humboldt Codices (5)
- Hydraulic reactivity (5)
- Indoor air quality (5)
- Klärschlammverordnung (5)
- NAP-XPS (5)
- Papier (5)
- Sekundärrohstoffe (5)
- Tolerance (5)
- XANES spectroscopy (5)
- Alginate (4)
- BEMMA (4)
- Biocide (4)
- Biofilm (4)
- Bodenmaterial (4)
- Bundesoberbehörden (4)
- Cabonfasern (4)
- Carbon Fibers (4)
- Cascade impactor (4)
- Coptic (4)
- Dünger (4)
- EN 16516 (4)
- Ecotoxicity (4)
- Elektroofenstaub (4)
- Emission reference materials (4)
- Fungus (4)
- Inks (4)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahn (4)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (4)
- Melanin (4)
- Museum (4)
- PAK (4)
- Phosphorus (4)
- Pigments (4)
- Prüfrichtlinie (4)
- Pyrometallurgy (4)
- Raman spectroscopy (4)
- Ressourcenrückgewinnung (4)
- Reverse glass painting (4)
- TXRF (4)
- Transformation (4)
- Verwertung (4)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (4)
- ZfP (4)
- Zink (4)
- Analytik (3)
- Antibiotics (3)
- Antimikrobielle Resistenz (3)
- Antmikrobielle Oberflächen (3)
- Archaea (3)
- Baustoffrecycling (3)
- Beschleunigte Alterung (3)
- Biozide (3)
- CIC (3)
- Carbon steel (3)
- Carbonfaser (3)
- Combustion ion chromatography (3)
- Cultural heritage (3)
- DRIFTS (3)
- Düngemittel (3)
- EOF (3)
- Electric Arc Furnace (3)
- Environmental evaluation (3)
- Environmental simulation (3)
- Fertilizer (3)
- Formaldehyd (3)
- Geogitter (3)
- Glutaraldehyde (3)
- Gypsum (3)
- HP14 (3)
- Heterogeneity (3)
- Holzschutz (3)
- ISO 16000-6 (3)
- Immune gene family (3)
- Immunity (3)
- Ink analyses (3)
- Iron-gall ink (3)
- Klärschlammasche (3)
- Knufia petricola (3)
- Korrosion (3)
- Kulturgut (3)
- Leichtbau (3)
- Light (3)
- Makronährstoffe (3)
- Mantelverordnung (3)
- Material science (3)
- Materials emissions test (3)
- Mechanochemical treatment (3)
- Methanogen (3)
- Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Microbiology (3)
- Mikroplastik (3)
- Non destructive analytical techniques (3)
- Nährstoffe (3)
- PFC (3)
- Phenotypic diversity (3)
- Pigment (3)
- Portland Cement (3)
- Pyrometallurgie (3)
- Recycling materials (3)
- Remediation (3)
- Resistance (3)
- Robustness studies (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- Standardisierung (3)
- Steelmaking (3)
- Sulfate reducing bacteria (3)
- Test guideline (3)
- VVOCs (3)
- Virus (3)
- XANES (3)
- XRF analysis (3)
- Zement (3)
- 3D printing (2)
- AbfKlärV (2)
- Air quality monitoring (2)
- Analytical method (2)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (2)
- Arabic Recipes (2)
- Architecture (2)
- Archäometrie (2)
- Ashdec (2)
- Bauxite Residue (2)
- Behördenklausurtagung (2)
- Bio-weathering (2)
- Biocide tolerance (2)
- Black fungus (2)
- Böden (2)
- CDW processing (2)
- CSMC (2)
- Cairo Genizah (2)
- Carbonfasern (2)
- Chemical analysis (2)
- Chemical durability (2)
- Chinese paper (2)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (2)
- Construction products (2)
- Corrosion products (2)
- Cross-resistance (2)
- DGT (2)
- Deponien (2)
- Dichtungskontrollsysteme (2)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (2)
- Disinfectants (2)
- Element mass concentration (2)
- Elutionsverhalten (2)
- Emerging (2)
- Emission reference material (2)
- Environmental Simulation (2)
- Eusociality (2)
- Extremotolerance (2)
- FFF-3D-Printer (2)
- FTIR (2)
- Fungal biofilms (2)
- Fungi (2)
- Genomics (2)
- Geosynthetics (2)
- Geruch (2)
- Glass (2)
- Group defence (2)
- Größenbestimmung (2)
- HI-Tension (2)
- Horizontal gene transfer (2)
- Hydrogen (2)
- ICP-MS (2)
- IPM (2)
- In-situ analysis (2)
- Ink composition (2)
- Inkwells (2)
- Interdisciplinary (2)
- Knufia (2)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (2)
- Kunststoffrasen (2)
- LA-ICP-MS (2)
- LD-Schlacke (2)
- Landwirtschaft (2)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (2)
- Lichtbogenofen (2)
- Low melting (2)
- Luft (2)
- Lysimeter (2)
- Manuscript studies (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Microbial (2)
- Microbiome (2)
- Microplastics (2)
- Middle Ages (2)
- Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (2)
- Mikroorganismen (2)
- Modelling studies (2)
- Monoverbrennungsanlage (2)
- Museum Pests (2)
- Mutation rate (2)
- Nanofasern (2)
- Nanomaterialien (2)
- Nanomaterials (2)
- Normung (2)
- Olivine (2)
- Papyrus (2)
- Particles (2)
- Particulate emission (2)
- Partikel (2)
- Passive sampling (2)
- Pathogen (2)
- Persian manuscripts (2)
- Phopshorus recovery (2)
- Pollutants (2)
- Polymere (2)
- Recycling fertiliser (2)
- Recycling fertilisers (2)
- Red Mud (2)
- Reference material (2)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (2)
- Rotschlamm (2)
- Sanierung (2)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (2)
- Scandium (2)
- Secondary Recources (2)
- Sewage sludge ordinance (2)
- Single cell analysis (2)
- Size (2)
- Solar panel (2)
- Spannungsrissbeständigkeit (2)
- Standardisation (2)
- Stress (2)
- Sustainability (2)
- TED-GC/MS (2)
- Tantal (2)
- Tantalum (2)
- Termite phylogeny (2)
- Total reflection X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- UV radiation (2)
- Ultrafine particles (2)
- Umweltsimulation (2)
- VIS (2)
- VOC-Emissionen (2)
- Volatile organic compounds (2)
- Wasserzeichen (2)
- Waste management (2)
- Weathering (2)
- XPS (2)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (2)
- Zitronensäure (2)
- fungus (2)
- melanin (2)
- 3D Printing (1)
- 3D inspection (1)
- AMR (1)
- AOF (1)
- ASAP-MS (1)
- ATR (1)
- Abdichtungssystem (1)
- Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Abwasserbehandlung (1)
- Academia (1)
- Additive Fertigung (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone receptor (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Aerosol measurements (1)
- Aerosol spectroscopy (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aging test (1)
- Air quality (1)
- Airborne Particles (1)
- Alite (1)
- Alite hydraulic reactivity (1)
- Alkali zinc borate glass (1)
- Alkalien (1)
- Altlasten (1)
- Ambient aerosol (1)
- Ambient aerosols (1)
- Ambient air (1)
- Ambient air pollution (1)
- Ammoniak (1)
- Ammonium (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Analytische Methode (1)
- Ancient INKS (1)
- Anobium punctatum (1)
- Anoxia (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antibakterielle Oberflächen (1)
- Antibiotic (1)
- Antimicrobial Resistance (1)
- Antimicrobials (1)
- Antimon (1)
- Apanteles carpatus (1)
- Arabic recipes (1)
- Archéométrie (1)
- Ascomycetes (1)
- Auslaugverfahren (1)
- Auswaschung (1)
- Auswaschversuche (1)
- Authentifizierung (1)
- Autoclave tests (1)
- BEMMA Bewertung (1)
- BMU (1)
- BODIPY dye (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial adhesion (1)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Bacterial infection (1)
- Bagasse (1)
- Baryscapus tineivorus (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Bauhaus (1)
- Bauproduktenverordnung (1)
- Bee (1)
- Bees (1)
- Begasung (1)
- Bestandserhaltung (1)
- Beständigkeit (1)
- Bewehrungen aus Kunststoff (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biofilm formation (1)
- Biofilm growth (1)
- Biofilme (1)
- Bioilm (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biological Control (1)
- Biologische Bekämpfung (1)
- Biosphere (1)
- Biosphere-technosphere interaction (1)
- Biotische/abiotische Faktoren (1)
- Biozid (1)
- Black Ink (1)
- Blast furnace sludge (1)
- Blattodea (1)
- Blue Angel ecolabel (1)
- Boden (1)
- Botrytis (1)
- Botrytis cinerea (1)
- Bottom ash (1)
- Building products (1)
- CEN (1)
- CFRP (1)
- CO2 assisted impregnation (1)
- COST (1)
- COST Action (1)
- CRM (1)
- Calcium silicate (1)
- Calcium sulfate (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Carbide formation (1)
- Carbon feeding (1)
- Carbon ink (1)
- Carbon steel corrosion (1)
- Carbonbeton (1)
- Carotenoids (1)
- Cast iron (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Chemical characterization (1)
- Chemical composition (1)
- Chinese Paper (1)
- Chromium (1)
- Clinker substitute (1)
- Coastal protection (1)
- Cockroach (1)
- Codicology (1)
- Conditioning layer (1)
- Construction Products (1)
- Construction and demolition waste (1)
- Consumer products (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Controllable gene expression (1)
- Controlled release fertilisers (1)
- Core/shell nanoparticle (1)
- Corrosion product (1)
- Corynetes caeruleus (1)
- Crispr/Cas9 (1)
- Cultural Entomology (1)
- Cultural Heritage (1)
- Culuative energy demand (1)
- DIN (1)
- DIN EN 16516 (1)
- DIN EN 350 (1)
- DIN EN 717-1 (1)
- DMAS (1)
- DSLT (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (1)
- Deponiebau (1)
- Deponietechnik (1)
- Desiccation (1)
- Design of experiments (1)
- Dichtungskontrollsystem (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive sampling (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Disease (1)
- Dispay case (1)
- Display case (1)
- Drawing (1)
- Drawings (1)
- Dyes (1)
- E$volution (1)
- EN 717-1 (1)
- EOF/AOF (1)
- EU EMPIR (1)
- EU regulations (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ectoine (1)
- Edible insects (1)
- Effective uptake rate (1)
- Efflux (1)
- Electric arc furnace dust (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (1)
- Element analysis (1)
- Element mass concetration (1)
- Elutionsverfahren (1)
- Emerging Contaminants (1)
- Emission Test Chamber (1)
- Emission Testing (1)
- Emission chambers (1)
- Emission test chamber (1)
- Emission test chamber procedure (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Emissionen (1)
- Emissions (1)
- Emissions of hazardous gases (1)
- Emissionskammer (1)
- Emissionsmessungen (1)
- Emissionsprüfkammer (1)
- Emisson testing (1)
- Enamel colors (1)
- Encre (1)
- Environmental friendly (1)
- Ergebnisunsicherheit (1)
- Ersatzbaustoffe (1)
- Europa (1)
- European research area (1)
- Exposure risk (1)
- Extraktionsversuche (1)
- Extreme environments (1)
- Extremophilic fungi (1)
- FEM model (1)
- FIB/SEM (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- FTIR-, XRF-, VIS- espectroscopia (1)
- Farbmittel (1)
- Fassadenfarbe (1)
- Fassadenfarben (1)
- Feeding behaviour (1)
- Fibre analysis (1)
- Filament comparison (1)
- Filterstaub (1)
- Flammschutzmittel (1)
- Flow Model (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Flow-system (1)
- Fluor XANES (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluorometric sensing (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Forschungsförderung (1)
- Forschungsstrategie (1)
- Freisetzung und Transfer von Schadstoffen (1)
- Fume (1)
- Fälschungserkennung (1)
- Gas chromatography (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gene network (1)
- Genetic tools (1)
- Genizah du Caire (1)
- Genome editing (1)
- Geotextilien (1)
- Gesteinskorrosion (1)
- Gesteinskörnungen (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Gipsabfälle (1)
- Gipsrecycling (1)
- Glass scanning (1)
- Gleichwertigkeit Messverfahren (1)
- Gold (1)
- Green pesticide (1)
- Greenhouse gas balance (1)
- Ground water (1)
- Grundwasser (1)
- Größe (1)
- Gut microbiota (1)
- Gypsum fiberboards and synthetic gypsum (1)
- Gypsum recycling (1)
- Gütezeichen (1)
- H2-Abbau (1)
- HAXPES (1)
- HDPE geomembrane (1)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (1)
- HR-GF-MAS (1)
- Hausbock (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Herculaneum (1)
- Hi-Tension (1)
- Historic ink (1)
- Horizontal gene transfer HGT (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus (1)
- IAQ (1)
- ISO (1)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (1)
- Illness-induced anorexia (1)
- In situ (1)
- Incineration bottom ash (1)
- Indoor Air Quality (1)
- Indoor Products (1)
- Indoor emission (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Industrielles Abwasser (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Initial attachment (1)
- Ink terminology (1)
- Innenraum (1)
- Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Ir DNA staining approach (1)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- Jewish cultures (1)
- Kleidermotte (1)
- Klimaneutralität (1)
- Kontamination (1)
- Kontamination von H2 (1)
- Kraftstoffabbau (1)
- Kraftstoffbehälter (1)
- Kumulierter Energieaufwand (1)
- Kunststoffschweißen (1)
- Lake Cadagno (1)
- Landfill liner (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) (1)
- Laser Printer (1)
- Laser processing (1)
- Laser-Materialbearbeitung (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Leak detection (1)
- Leather (1)
- Lebensmittelindustrie (1)
- Light regulation (1)
- Light sensing (1)
- Light-induced stress (1)
- Lightning talk (1)
- Lightweighting (1)
- Low cost aerosol PM sensor (1)
- Luftschadstoffe (1)
- Lysimeter, Antimony (1)
- MIC Island (1)
- MSWI bottom ash (1)
- Manuscripta Americana, Techialoyan (1)
- Manuscrits (1)
- Manuskripte (1)
- Marble (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Mass spectroscopy (1)
- Material emissions testing (1)
- Material surface colonisation (1)
- Materials emissions testing (1)
- Materials flow (1)
- Melanins (1)
- Metal reducing bacteria (1)
- Metallic silver precipitates (1)
- Metallkorrosion (1)
- Metalls (1)
- Metals (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Method development (1)
- Methoden (1)
- Microbial communities (1)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrobiell (1)
- Mikrobielle Gemeinschaft (1)
- Mineral weathering (1)
- Mircobially influcenced corrosion (1)
- Model (1)
- Model organism (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Monoverbrennung (1)
- Moyen-âge (1)
- Multigassensorik (1)
- Museumsvitrine (1)
- Museumsvitrinen (1)
- Mutagenesis (1)
- NDT (1)
- NFDI (1)
- NIR reflectography (1)
- Nachhaltigkeit (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano particle (1)
- Nano@BAM (1)
- NanoSIMS (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanoparticle (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Nanotechnologie (1)
- Nassaufbereitung (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- Neuartige Materialien (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- Neutralammoniumcitrat (1)
- Neutralammoniumnitrat (1)
- Nitrate (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Non destructive (1)
- Non-destructiv testing (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Nostoc (1)
- Novel sample preparation techniques (1)
- Nuclear waste disposal (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Oberflächenfunktionalisierung (1)
- Office machines (1)
- On-Line Analyse (1)
- Operating Procedure (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Optische Tomografie (1)
- Ordinance on Contaminated Sites and Soil Protection (1)
- P-Recyclate (1)
- P-Rückgewinnung (1)
- P-Senken (1)
- P-recovery (1)
- PAH (1)
- PBFSM (1)
- PE-HD (1)
- PFAS analysis (1)
- PFAS analytics (1)
- PM (1)
- Paints (1)
- Paper (1)
- Paper tinting (1)
- Parchment (1)
- Particle (1)
- Particle Size (1)
- Particle gas emission (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Particulate emissions (1)
- Partikeldurchmesser (1)
- Partikeln (1)
- Per- und Polyfluoroierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) (1)
- Perfluorierte Verbindungen (1)
- Performance comparison (1)
- Persian manuscript (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Phase separation (1)
- Phosphorbestimmung (1)
- Photoperception (1)
- Phototrophic bacteria (1)
- Pilz (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plastic biofilm (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plume (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Polypropylen (1)
- Polystyrol (1)
- Preferential binding (1)
- Process control (1)
- Process monitoring (1)
- Projekte (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Prozessmonitoring (1)
- Prüfkammer (1)
- Prürfrichtlinie (1)
- Push-out Test (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Quality assurance/quality control (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- Qumranrollen (1)
- RAMAN (1)
- REACH (1)
- RFA (1)
- Radon (1)
- Raman (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Red chalk (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Reduction process (1)
- Reference data (1)
- Reference materials (1)
- Reference method (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- Reflectography (1)
- Regelwerk (1)
- Regulations (1)
- Reifenabrieb (1)
- Release kinetics (1)
- Rembrandt (1)
- Resistance evolution (1)
- Ressourceneffizienz (1)
- Ressourcenschonung (1)
- Restoration and conservation (1)
- Ringversuch P-Gehalt in Klärschlamm (1)
- Risikobewertung (1)
- Rock-inhabiting black fungi (1)
- Rock-inhabiting fungus (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- Röntgenspektroskopie (1)
- Rückgewinnung (1)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- SEM-EDS (1)
- SERS (1)
- SMPS (1)
- SOP (1)
- SRB (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Schadstoffaustrag (1)
- Schadstofftransfer (1)
- Schimmel (1)
- Schlacke (1)
- Schutzschichten (1)
- Schädling (1)
- Secondary building materials (1)
- Secondary metabolism (1)
- Secondary resources (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Sekundärgipse (1)
- Selective chlorination (1)
- Selektion (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sequenzielle Extraktion (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (1)
- Sewage sludge incineration (1)
- Silver diffusion (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Size distribution (1)
- Size resolved chemical composition (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Social (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Soil P species (1)
- Soil-like material (1)
- Soil-like materials (1)
- Solar parks (1)
- Spatter (1)
- Speziierungsanalyse (1)
- Spielzeug (1)
- Sportböden (1)
- Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis (1)
- Stahlwerksschlacke (1)
- Stained glass (1)
- Stainless steel (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Stalwerksschlacke (1)
- Standardarbeitsanweisungen (1)
- Steelmaking slag (1)
- Stoffstromanalyse (1)
- Stress tolerance (1)
- Structured light scanning (1)
- Subaerial biofilm (1)
- Sum parameter analysis (1)
- Summenparameter (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Synchotron (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Tanning (1)
- Tauchtest (1)
- Technologietransfer (1)
- Termites (1)
- Test Guideline (1)
- Test method (1)
- Test strip (1)
- Teststreifen (1)
- Testverfahren (1)
- Thermal Desorption (1)
- Thermal Extraction (1)
- Thermal desorption (1)
- Thermal imaging (1)
- Thermal properties (1)
- Thermal treatment (1)
- Thermische Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Thermochemisch (1)
- Thermochemische Prozesse (1)
- Thermografie (1)
- Thermographie (1)
- Thermoplastic filaments (1)
- Time resolved chemical composition (1)
- Tineola bisselliella (1)
- Tinting (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Torah Scrolls (1)
- Trait-based ecology (1)
- Transposon (1)
- Tricalciumsilikat (1)
- UFP (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV tolerance (1)
- UV-VIS Reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- UV-VIS reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- Ultrakurzpuls-Laser (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Unterirdische Speicher (1)
- Upscaling (1)
- Uptake rate (1)
- Utilization (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VOC Emission (1)
- VOC transfer standards (1)
- VOC-emission (1)
- Versuchskampagne (1)
- Virulence (1)
- Vitrinen (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- Vues des Cordillères (1)
- WKI flask method (1)
- Wasserbau (1)
- Wasserstofflagerung (1)
- Wasserstoffplasma (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Weathering tests (1)
- Wiederholbarkeit (1)
- Wiederverwertung (1)
- Wooden toys (1)
- Workflows (1)
- Wärmedämmverbundsystem (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence analyses (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- X-ray spectroscopic techniques (1)
- XRF-, FTIR-, VIS-espectroscopía (1)
- XRF-, VIS- FTIR-spectroscopy (1)
- XRF-, VIS- spectroscopy (1)
- Zeichenmaterialien (1)
- Zementersatz (1)
- Zementklinker (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinnschlacken (1)
- black fungus (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- genetics (1)
- historic inks (1)
- individual-based modelling (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- light (1)
- multi scale testing (1)
- pigmentation (1)
- plant pathogen (1)
- signaling (1)
- thermochemische Behandlung (1)
- virulence (1)
- Äquivalenzdurchmesser (1)
- Ökobilanz (1)
- Ökotoxizität (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (442)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (95)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (91)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (81)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (77)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (66)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (46)
- 6 Materialchemie (30)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (27)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (16)
Glutaraldehyde is widely used as a disinfectant and preservative, but little is known about its effects on bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics and the selection of tolerant phenotypes. We found that short-term exposure to sub-inhibitory levels of glutaraldehyde makes E. coli resistant to high doses of bactericidal antibiotics from different classes. This tolerance is associated with delayed, heterogeneous regrowth dynamics and global transcriptome remodeling. We identified over 1200 differentially expressed genes, including those related to antibiotic efflux, metabolic processes, and the cell envelope. The cells entered a disrupted state likely due to the unspecific mode-of-action of glutaraldehyde. Despite this unregulated response, we identified several differentially expressed genes not previously associated with antibiotic tolerance or persistence that induce antibiotic tolerance when overexpressed alone. These findings highlight how the unspecific mode-of-action of disinfectants can make bacteria temporarily resistant to antibiotics. They have implications for settings where disinfectants and antibiotics are used in close proximity, such as hospitals and animal husbandry, and for the selection dynamics of tolerant pheno- and genotypes in fluctuating environments where microorganisms are exposed to these substances, such as sewage systems. A trade-off arises from overcoming the disrupted state as quickly as possible and maintaining antibiotic tolerance.
Glutaraldehyde is widely used as a disinfectant and preservative, but little is known about its effects on bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics and the selection of tolerant phenotypes. We found that short-term exposure to sub-inhibitory levels of glutaraldehyde makes E. coli resistant to high doses of bactericidal antibiotics from different classes. This tolerance is associated with delayed, heterogeneous regrowth dynamics and global transcriptome remodeling. We identified over 1200 differentially expressed genes, including those related to antibiotic efflux, metabolic processes, and the cell envelope. The cells entered a disrupted state likely due to the unspecific mode-of-action of glutaraldehyde. Despite this unregulated response, we identified several differentially expressed genes not previously associated with antibiotic tolerance or persistence that induce antibiotic tolerance when overexpressed alone. These findings highlight how the unspecific mode-of-action of disinfectants can make bacteria temporarily resistant to antibiotics. They have implications for settings where disinfectants and antibiotics are used in close proximity, such as hospitals and animal husbandry, and for the selection dynamics of tolerant pheno- and genotypes in fluctuating environments where microorganisms are exposed to these substances, such as sewage systems. A trade-off arises from overcoming the disrupted state as quickly as possible and maintaining antibiotic tolerance.
Phenotypic heterogeneity in disinfection: sources and consequences for antimicrobial resistance
(2022)
A summary of projects here at BAM which investigate the influence of phenotypic heterogeneity on the outcome of disinfection and the influence on antimicrobial resistance. This presentation was given in the Theory Seminar of the Quantitative and Theoretical Biology group of Prof. Oliver Ebenhöh at HHU Düsseldorf
Glutaraldehyde (GTA) is commonly used to disinfect medical equipment, in animal husbandry and in hydraulic fracturing. Its wide use bears the risk that microorganisms in different environments are exposed to potentially non-lethal doses of glutaraldehyde. To date, little is known about the effects of glutaraldehyde on the susceptibility of bacteria to antibiotics and its role in the selection of tolerant phenotypes.
Objectives
• To determine the effect of glutaraldehyde exposure on the survival of E. coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa to antibiotics
• To find the mechanistic basis for antibiotic tolerance upon glutaraldehyde exposure
Materials & Methods
Four bacterial isolates were exposed to sub-inhibitory glutaraldehyde. Antibiotic tolerance was determined by time-kill assays. Regrowth dynamics (lag times) were determined with ScanLag. E. coli was further investigated, using RNAseq to identify genes and processes involved in antibiotic tolerance. Mutants of candidate genes were screened for their antibiotic tolerance and heterogeneous target gene expression under stressed and unstressed conditions.
Results
Short-term exposure to sub-inhibitory levels of glutaraldehyde induced tolerance to high doses of bactericidal antibiotics. Tolerance to antibiotics was associated with highly heterogeneous regrowth dynamics and global transcriptome remodeling. Differentially expressed genes represented diverse biological functions and cellular components, including antibiotic efflux, metabolic processes, and the cell envelope. The heterogeneous regrowth dynamics and the diversity of the differentially expressed genes are likely related to the unspecific mode-of-action of glutaraldehyde. Among the many differentially expressed genes, several genes were identified that were not previously associated with antibiotic tolerance or persistence, which, when overexpressed alone, increased antibiotic tolerance.
Conclusion
Our results highlight how the big advantage of a disinfectant, its unspecific mode-of-action, can induce transient tolerance to antibiotics in bacteria. These findings have implications for 1.) settings where disinfectants and antibiotics are used in proximity, such as hospitals and animal husbandry, and 2.) for the selection dynamics of tolerant bacteria in fluctuating environments because of the trade-off that arises from overcoming the lag phase as fast as possible and maintaining antibiotic tolerance.
The mayor part of the Berlin collection `Manuscripta Americana´ consists of documents compiled by Alexander von Humboldt. The diversity of the written fragments and their shape presume few accordance concerning purpose, place or time of production. Even before the papers came to Berlin, manuscripts were copied, divided and collected by famous scholars also in Mexico. Back in Europe, Humboldt visited further collections and published the detected hieroglyphic writings altogether with cultural objects and landscapes in the book `Vues des Cordillères et Monuments des Peuples Indigènes de l`Amerique, voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland´, labelled corresponding to the cultural background.
By scientific and culture historical analyses, the Humboldt codices are revised and related to each other and others. In especial, the compilation of fragments shown on plate 36 in the book is looked at more closely. Whereas most of the plates represent only one sheet of painted amate paper, here segments with details of seven fragments are put together. It is tried to comprehend why these pieces are on one plate.
To find out a common feature of the documents, their content and represented form are compared. A correlation between some pieces is obvious and thus is also expected in the manufacture of the codices, in the kind of material used. For this the inks and colors are determined by scientific analysis including XRF-, Raman-, FTIR- and VIS- spectroscopy. Special material is detected and related to results of former analysis of codices written during the colonial period of America. Herewith a clear cultural assignment of the manuscripts is performed.
A relation of the fragments represented on plate 36 among each other and to other codices of the collection Manuscripta Americana in Berlin is discussed. Also, if the manuscripts are unique `originals´ or represent fragments of documents, whose corresponding pieces maybe found- in the best case- incorporated in other collections. We detected, that at least two of them can be put into relation to similar manuscripts deposited in Mexico. Further material analysis should clarify, if the corresponding pieces are identical- from one document, or if one of them is a copy. Herewith an approximation to authenticity features and history is issued.
Los Códices Humboldt, que proceden de la época colonial de Mexico, muestran:
1. colores indígenas típicos y sus mezclas:
cochinilla (rojo), índigo/ Azul Maya (azul y verde), carbón (negro),
zacatlaxcalli, mangle, colores orgánicos (amarillo)
2. influencia colonial:
tinta hierro- gálico para escribir
3. fragmentos distribuidos y cortados:
partes singulares forman parte de otros fragmentos dentro de la colección
(y en otras colecciones?)
Los códices de Mizquiahualla
MsAmer1 frag VII, XIII (XIV, XV) muestran:
- colores indigenes: cochinilla (rojo), indigo (verde, azul), carbón (negro), zacatlaxcalli (amarillo)
- papel indigen (amate)
- pintura con líneas perfil en negro, pintado antes y después de la coloración
- influencía colonial: escritura en tinta hierro- gálica (1571, 1569)
Techialoyan/ Central Mexico
MsAmer7 shows limited colors:
ochre (yellow, brown red, rose)
indigo (blue, green, greyblue+?)
cerussite + chalk (white)
organic ink for writing (brown)
The earliest known recipes for iron gall inks include four basic ingredients: oak galls – pathological growths of oak leaves; metal salts – usually referred to as vitriol; a binder such as gum Arabic; and water. The final product differs in the elemental composition due to the multitude of recipes as well as differences within the composition of the ink’s ingredients. Nowadays, based on the qualitative and semi-quantitative evaluation of X-ray fluorescence data, it is possible to distinguish inks on the basis of the so-called fingerprint model. The first goal of our study was to determine to what extent the type of XRF spectrometer affects the quality of the ink evaluation. We tested two types of spectrometers, semi-stationary machines equipped with polycapillary focusing optics and a handheld spectrometer with a diaphragm collimator and a relatively big interaction spot.
The second goal was to address the issue of whether the ink composition might be affected by storage in a metal container. The presentation will discuss the role of the spectrometer type in the evaluation of a thin layer material such as ink.
We have also learned that the iron-gall ink composition might depend on the type of vessel in which ink was being stored.
X-ray fluorescence analysis, due to its non-destructive nature and ist suitability to work with historic objects in situ, quickly became one of the most important methods for the evaluation of iron-gall ink. The main advantage of this qualitative and semi-quantitative method is that it makes it easy to differentiate between inks, based on the assumption that the differences result from the manufacture of the ink.
This work explores the question whether the ink ‘fingerprint’ results strictly from the elemental composition of the basic ink ingredients even if it is stored in vessels made of metals or metal alloys. In addition, we tested and compared the performance of three different XRF spectrometers.
We prepared various lab-grade inks according to historical ink recipes and measured the metal content of the ink deposited on sized cotton Linters paper with three types of XRF spectrometers: a simple hand-held device with an interaction spot of 4 mm and two devices equipped with poly-capillary Xray optics for line scanning and imaging. Since the exact elemental mass composition of the non-aged ink samples was known, we were able to evaluate the accuracy of the research procedure. Lab-grade inks were then aged in the metal jars imitating inkwells. The aging of the inks in the metal containers resulted in the significant change of the primary inks fingerprint as opposed to that of the control inks stored in glass containers. This effect was independently confirmed by the measurements conducted with every instrument we used. We will present a brief comparison of the results 43 achieved when using different spectrometers and a possible hypothesis explaining the processes that occurred.
The ink analysis protocol developed through cooperation between the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung in Berlin and the Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures at the University of Hamburg involves the use of imaging techniques for ink screening, followed by spectroscopic analysis. In our presentation, we will begin by briefly reviewing the history of writing inks and discussing the three main categories: carbon-based inks, plant, and iron-gall inks. We will address their chronology, precursors, and mixed forms, as well as the features that allow for their identification. Then, we will present the techniques we use in ink analysis, whereby we would like to highlight the limitations, advantages, and disadvantages of each approach. Finally, we will discuss the new mass-spectrometric method based on micro-sampling and using atmospheric solid analysis probe (ASAP).
Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is a promising additive manufacturing (AM) technology for metal part production especially for complex and lightweight structures or functional designs. In L PBF processes several by-products including welding plume and its condensates, spatter and ejected powder are generated during laser exposure. Investigations of micro- and nano-sized by-products have received little attention in literature. This study focuses on the analysis of particle emissions in L PBF of 316L stainless steel using a scattered light aerosol spectrometer and a fast mobility particle sizer spectrometer during the process which allows for in-situ analysis of particle sizes in the range of 6 nm to 100 µm. A distinct correlation of emission signals to part position can be revealed. In addition, a significant influence of laser scanning vector directions on emission signals is presented. Furthermore, differing powder layer thicknesses can be recognised by deviations in emission signals.
In recent years, the fabrication of laser-generated surface structures on metals such as titanium surfaces have gained remarkable interests, being technologically relevant for applications in optics, medicine, fluid transport, tribology, and wetting of surfaces.
The morphology of these structures, and so their chemistry, is influenced by the different laser processing parameters such as the laser fluence, wavelength, pulse repetition rate, laser light polarization type and direction, angle of incidence, and the effective number of laser pulses per beam spot area.
However, the characterization of the different surface structures can be difficult because of constraints regarding the analytical information from both depth and the topographic artifacts which may limit the lateral and depth resolution of elemental distributions as well as their proper quantification. A promising technique to investigate these structures even at the nano-scale is Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), a very surface sensitive technique that at the same time allows to perform depth-profiling, imaging and 3D-reconstruction of selected ion-sputter fragment distributions on the surface.
In this study we combine chemical analyses such as Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses with ToF-SIMS to fully characterize the evolution of various types of laser-generated micro- and nanostructures formed on Ti and Ti alloys at different laser fluence levels, effective number of pulses and at different pulse repetition rates (1 – 400 kHz), following irradiation by near-infrared ultrashort laser pulses (925 fs, 1030 nm) in air environment or under argon gas flow.
We show how this combined surface analytical approach allows to evaluate alteration in the surface chemistry of the laser-generated surface structures depending on the laser processing parameters and the ambient environment.
The Weimar research project has set the goal of placing style-critical research on Old Master drawings on a new, methodologically proven foundation. The starting point is the stock of Dutch drawings possessed by the Klassik Stiftung Weimar, whose extent (ca. 1,400 items) and character make it one of the most significant outside the Netherlands. The focus here is on drawings that were executed with red chalk. This drawing material has different functions - one of which is the use as a transmission material. The methodological approach is double: first, the scientific indexing of this stock. The foundations for this, along with classic analysis of style, are innovative material-scientific methods of investigation.
Social insects nesting in soil environments are in constant contact with entomopathogens and have evolved disease resistance mechanisms within a colony to prevent the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases. Among these mechanisms: mutual grooming reduces the cuticular load of pathogens, and burial of cadavers and cannibalism can prevent pathogens from replicating within the group. We explored how the rate and type of collective behavioural response is determined by stepwise infection dynamics operating at the level of the individual. Specifically, we infected the eastern subterranean termite Reticulitermes flavipes with different types of infectious particle and infection route of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae and recorded behavioural responses of nestmates to individuals at different times during the progression of infections. As expected, termites groomed conidia-exposed individuals significantly more than controls. Interestingly, grooming was significantly elevated after fungal germination than before, suggesting that pathogen growth cues act as strong stimulators of allogrooming. Conidia-exposed termites were cannibalized, but only after they became visibly ill. By contrast, termites did not groom blastospore-injected individuals more than controls at any time-point following infection. Instead, we found that blastospore-injected individuals were continually cannibalized at a low-level following injection with either viable or heat-killed blastospores, with a marked increase in cannibalism after termites injected with viable blastospores became visibly ill and were close to death. Together, these findings point to the importance of host condition as a cue for social hygienic behavior, and that the host itself appears to emit essential sickness cues that act as targets for its own sacrifice. This demonstrates that termites have independently evolved to both identify and destructively respond to sickness.
The termites are a derived eusocial lineage of otherwise non-social cockroaches. Understanding the proximal and ultimate drivers of this major evolutionary transition represents an important goal in biology. One outstanding question concerns the evolution of termite immunity, which is thought to have undergone broad-sweeping adaptations in order to enhance group-level immune protection. To understand the evolutionary origins of termite immunity, we conducted qualitative and quantitative transcriptome analyses along a gradient of sociality. Firstly, we aimed to identify large-scale genetic shifts in immune traits linked to eusociality by comparing immune gene repertoires in solitary and subsocial cockroaches and across a range of eusocial termite lineages. Secondly, we compared the responses of a solitary cockroach, a subsocial wood-roach and different castes of a lower termite species to a non-specific immune challenge, in order to understand how sociality may have influenced the evolution of immune gene regulation. Firstly, we found that termites have a broadly representative repertoire of canonical immune genes as compared to gregarious cockroaches and subsocial wood-roaches. Secondly, with respect to immune challenge, the solitary cockroach and the subsocial wood-roach displayed a similarly comprehensive induced response, while the termite response was considerably dampened by comparison and strongly influenced by caste; with reproductives displaying a generally higher constitutive level of immune-gene expression compared to sterile castes. In summary we did not find termite eusociality to be associated with significant changes in immune gene diversity, but rather to be linked with significant modifications to the regulation of immunity following the origin of division of labour.
Results suggest a reduction in immune gene repertoires in termites and possible complementary expression between termite castes. With comparative genomics we will investigate the evolution of gene families related to immunity, try to understand where reductions and expansions take place and relate these changes to shifts in sociality and ecology. The role of TEs in expansions and contractions of immune gene families will be investigated. For these analyses, we propose to generate high quality, highly contiguous genomes of species from different levels of sociality, covering all major termite families. With comparative transcriptomics we will investigate the expression of immune genes in different castes. Via network analyses we will identify pathways indicated in differential immunity between castes and between species of different sociality levels. We will investigate how these pathways have been rewired along the transitions to higher levels of sociality and how, intra-specifically, they change between castes.
A broad suite of immune adaptations have evolved in social insects which hold close parallels with the immune systems of multicellular individuals. However, comparatively little is known about the evolutionary origins of immunity in social insects. We tackle this by identifying immune genes from 18 cockroach and termite species, spanning a gradient of social lifestyles. Termites have undergone contractions of major immune gene families during the early origin of the group, particularly in antimicrobial effector and receptor proteins, followed by later re-expansions in some lineages. In a comparative gene expression analysis, we find that reproductive individuals of a termite invest more in innate immune regulation than other castes. When colonies encounter immune-challenged nestmates, gene expression responses are weak in reproductives but this pattern is reversed when colony members are immune-challenged individually, with reproductives eliciting a greater response to treatment than other castes. Finally, responses to immune challenge were more comprehensive in both subsocial and solitary cockroaches compared to termites, indicating a reduced overall ability to respond to infection in termites. Our study indicates that the emergence of termite sociality was associated with the evolution of a tapered yet caste-adapted immune system.