4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2019 (109) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (109) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (109)
Schlagworte
- Corrosion (8)
- Ink (8)
- MIC (8)
- Methanogens (6)
- Archaeometry (4)
- Bauprodukte (4)
- Emission (4)
- XRF (4)
- Coptic (3)
- Cultural heritage (3)
- Evolution (3)
- Klärschlamm (3)
- Makronährstoffe (3)
- Manuscripts (3)
- Material science (3)
- Nano (3)
- Non destructive analytical techniques (3)
- Papier (3)
- Recycling (3)
- Termite (3)
- ZfP (3)
- Aerosol (2)
- Arabic Recipes (2)
- Archaea (2)
- Archäometrie (2)
- BBodSchV (2)
- BEMMA (2)
- Biofilm (2)
- Black fungi (2)
- Bodenmaterial (2)
- Bundesoberbehörden (2)
- CFK (2)
- Carbonfaser (2)
- Cascade impactor (2)
- Chemical analysis (2)
- Chinese paper (2)
- Deponie (2)
- Environmental Simulation (2)
- Environmental simulation (2)
- HI-Tension (2)
- Immunity (2)
- Inks (2)
- Iron-gall ink (2)
- Knufia (2)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (2)
- Landwirtschaft (2)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (2)
- Museum (2)
- Nanomaterialien (2)
- PAK (2)
- Papyrus (2)
- Particulate emission (2)
- Persian manuscripts (2)
- Pyrometallurgie (2)
- Recycling fertilisers (2)
- Solar panel (2)
- Sulfate reducing bacteria (2)
- TXRF (2)
- Total reflection X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- Verwertung (2)
- XANES (2)
- 3D Printing (1)
- 3D inspection (1)
- ATR (1)
- AbfKlärV (1)
- Additive Fertigung (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Aerosol measurements (1)
- Aerosol spectroscopy (1)
- Air quality (1)
- Airborne Particles (1)
- Ambient aerosol (1)
- Ambient air (1)
- Ambient air pollution (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Anobium punctatum (1)
- Apanteles carpatus (1)
- Arabic recipes (1)
- Authentifizierung (1)
- Bacteria (1)
- Baryscapus tineivorus (1)
- Bauproduktenverordnung (1)
- Baustoffrecycling (1)
- Bauxite Residue (1)
- Behördenklausurtagung (1)
- Biocide (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biofilms (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biological Control (1)
- Black Ink (1)
- Blast furnace sludge (1)
- Blue Angel ecolabel (1)
- Botrytis (1)
- Botrytis cinerea (1)
- CDW processing (1)
- CRM (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Carbide formation (1)
- Carbon feeding (1)
- Carbon ink (1)
- Carbonbeton (1)
- Carbonfasern (1)
- Carotenoids (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Chinese Paper (1)
- Codicology (1)
- Construction Products (1)
- Controlled release fertilisers (1)
- Corrosion product (1)
- Corrosion products (1)
- Corynetes caeruleus (1)
- DGT (1)
- DIN EN 16516 (1)
- DIN EN 717-1 (1)
- DRIFTS (1)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (1)
- Dispay case (1)
- Drawing (1)
- Dyes (1)
- E$volution (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EU EMPIR (1)
- EU regulations (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ectoine (1)
- Electric arc furnace dust (1)
- Elektroofenstaub (1)
- Element analysis (1)
- Element mass concetration (1)
- Elutionsverhalten (1)
- Emission Testing (1)
- Emissions of hazardous gases (1)
- Emissionskammer (1)
- Emissionsmessungen (1)
- Emissionsprüfkammer (1)
- Environmental evaluation (1)
- Europa (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Fibre analysis (1)
- Filament comparison (1)
- Flow-system (1)
- Formaldehyd (1)
- Forschungsstrategie (1)
- Freisetzung und Transfer von Schadstoffen (1)
- Fume (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Fälschungserkennung (1)
- Geogitter (1)
- Geokunststoffe (1)
- Geruch (1)
- Gesteinskorrosion (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Gichtgasschlamm (1)
- Glass scanning (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gypsum (1)
- Herculaneum (1)
- Historic ink (1)
- Holzschutz (1)
- Humboldt Codices (1)
- In situ (1)
- Indoor Air Quality (1)
- Indoor Products (1)
- Industrielles Abwasser (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Ink composition (1)
- Ink terminology (1)
- Inkwells (1)
- Innenraum (1)
- Interdisciplinary (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Jewish cultures (1)
- Knufia petricola (1)
- Kraftstoffabbau (1)
- Kraftstoffbehälter (1)
- LA-ICP-MS (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) (1)
- Laser Printer (1)
- Leather (1)
- Lebensmittelindustrie (1)
- Lichtbogenofen (1)
- Light regulation (1)
- Light sensing (1)
- Low cost aerosol PM sensor (1)
- Luft (1)
- Luftschadstoffe (1)
- Mantelverordnung (1)
- Manuscript (1)
- Material emissions testing (1)
- Melanins (1)
- Metal reducing bacteria (1)
- Metallkorrosion (1)
- Metalls (1)
- Metals (1)
- Methanogen (1)
- Microbial (1)
- Microbiology (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mineral weathering (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Museum Pests (1)
- NAP-XPS (1)
- NDT (1)
- NanoSIMS (1)
- Nanomaterials (1)
- Nanoparticle (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Nanotechnologie (1)
- Neuartige Materialien (1)
- Non-destructiv testing (1)
- Normung (1)
- Nostoc (1)
- Novel sample preparation techniques (1)
- OECD (1)
- Office machines (1)
- Olivine (1)
- Optische Tomografie (1)
- Ordinance on Contaminated Sites and Soil Protection (1)
- PAH (1)
- PBFSM (1)
- PM (1)
- Paper tinting (1)
- Parchment (1)
- Particle Size (1)
- Particle gas emission (1)
- Particulate emissions (1)
- Persian manuscript (1)
- Phosphorus recovery (1)
- Pigment (1)
- Pigments (1)
- Plume (1)
- Pollutants (1)
- Preferential binding (1)
- Process monitoring (1)
- Prozessmonitoring (1)
- Pyrometallurgy (1)
- Qumranrollen (1)
- REACH (1)
- RFA (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Red Mud (1)
- Red chalk (1)
- Reduction process (1)
- Reifenabrieb (1)
- Ressourcenrückgewinnung (1)
- Restoration and conservation (1)
- Reverse glass painting (1)
- Ringversuch (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- SRB (1)
- Scandium (1)
- Secondary metabolism (1)
- Selective chlorination (1)
- Sewage sludge ordinance (1)
- Social (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Soil P species (1)
- Soil-like materials (1)
- Spatter (1)
- Sportböden (1)
- Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis (1)
- Stained glass (1)
- Structured light scanning (1)
- Subaerial biofilm (1)
- Tanning (1)
- Tantal (1)
- Tantalum (1)
- Termites (1)
- Thermografie (1)
- Tineola bisselliella (1)
- Tinting (1)
- Tomography (1)
- UV-VIS Reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- UV-VIS reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- Umweltsimulation (1)
- Utilization (1)
- VOC (1)
- VOC Emission (1)
- VOC transfer standards (1)
- Vitrinen (1)
- Weathering (1)
- X-ray spectroscopic techniques (1)
- XPS (1)
- XRF-, VIS- FTIR-spectroscopy (1)
- Zeichenmaterialien (1)
- Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zink (1)
- Zinnschlacken (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- fungus (1)
- historic inks (1)
- light (1)
- melanin (1)
- plant pathogen (1)
- signaling (1)
- virulence (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (109)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (33)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (25)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (21)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (17)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (14)
- 6 Materialchemie (8)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (7)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (5)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (4)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (109)
In the 15th century, Persian manuscripts underwent significant and lasting changes. Possibly as a response to the import of tinted and gold-decorated paper from China, which was used for manuscript production in Greater Iran, Persian papers were also tinted and embellished with gold-decorated and marbled margins or frames. In a joint project between CSMC and the University of St Andrews, we aim to analyse papers and their decorations in Persian The analyses aim to determine the consistencies of papers, pigments and metals and the techniques used for their production and application. The support will be first described in its codicological characteristics such as dimensions, thickness, colour (expressed in colour coordinates), pattern left from the sieve (observed in transmitted light). The plant used as raw material in paper production will be studied by fibres analysis, while the sizing agents, the pigments, dyes and metals will be analysed by the application of several methods: in particular Reflectography, X-Ray Fluorescence and InfraRed, Raman and Visible Reflectance Spectroscopy. The results of the analyses will form an important resource for the material aspects of Persian manuscripts and be a starting point for establishing a first chronology of the materials and techniques used in Persian manuscript production. An example of the application of the techniques on the analysis of a fragment from a 15th c. Persian Manuscript will be provided.
The story of how black fungi survive harsh conditions on sun-exposed desert rocks and material surfaces is fascinating. In the presentation examples of how knowledge of these organisms can be of practical value (e.g., in biodeterioration studies, such as on stone markers in cemeteries) would be given. Among other stories, the example of how roof tiles amended with a titanium oxide layers as a biocide actually selected for the black fungi will be told. A hypothesis about how these organisms would likely be found on solar panels and some early BAM work in that area will be presented. This then brings the connection to a study ripe for investigation in North Carolina. The talk presents the development of a study aiming at deciphering the influence of microbial biofilm formation on the energy conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic panels or modules at two facilities (one facility under the impact of high intensity of animal agriculture and high deposition of ammonia from atmosphere and the other with low animal agriculture and lower atmospheric ammonia deposition) in North Carolina. The main hypothesis of the study is that microbial biofilm formation on solar photovoltaic panels will lead to significant decreases in energy conversion efficiency of solar photovoltaic modules and biofilm formation will also be accelerated by high ammonia concentration in the ambient atmosphere and high nitrogen deposition.
The Interdisciplinary Alchemist: Reproduction and Study of Black Inks from the Islamicate World
(2019)
The identification of the materials constituting an artefact is the basis of any correct conservation project, for this reason (among others) in the last 50 years analytical techniques have been applied to the study of manuscripts. Unfortunately, the scientific investigation of Arabic books is still uncommon, focusing mainly on single case studies, often producing unclear results, especially for black inks. This lack of knowledge prompted a recent research in which black ink recipes have been collected from written Arabic sources on bookmaking, their feasibility has been assessed, and finally some of them have been reproduced. These samples were artificially aged and analysed through an array of analytical techniques, mostly non-invasive and non-destructive, in order to build a database of Arabic inks and their ingredients and also to verify the detection limits of the portable equipment employed. In this talk I will present some instances of how this approach can help textual criticism, for example in evaluating variants and determining the competence of authors and compilers. At the same time the research highlights how much this scientific work depends on textual studies, especially concerning the identification of ingredients. Moreover, I will focus on some of the problematics I faced both during the textual interpretation and the actual reproduction of the recipes and how they influenced the results of the scientific analyses. In particular I’ll look into the role played by the degree of purity of the components and the function (real and perceived) of some of the ingredients.
Boden und Steine sind mit jährlich etwa 140 Mio t der mengenmäßig größte Abfallstrom in Deutschland. Bodenmaterial kann in Abhängigkeit seiner vorherigen Nutzung oder Herkunft mit Schadstoffen belastet sein. Seine weitere Verwertungsmöglichkeit hängt nicht nur vom Schadstoffgehalt im Feststoff, sondern auch von der Mobilisierbarkeit dieser Stoffe ab.
Die Paragraphen 6 bis 8 der vorgesehenen Novelle der BBodSchV enthalten neue Vorgaben hinsichtlich des Auf- und Einbringens von Bodenmaterial unterhalb oder außerhalb einer durchwurzelbaren Bodenschicht (4. Referentenentwurf Mantelverordnung, Stand: 06.02.2017). Es soll die Möglichkeit eingeräumt werden, Bodenmaterialien mit Feststoffgehalten von regulierten Stoffen bei Überschreitung des Vorsorgewertes einer weiteren Verwertung zuzuführen unter der Voraussetzung, dass die Eluatwerte eingehalten werden. Für die Auswirkung dieser neuen Regelungen auf die Verwertung von Bodenmaterialien bestehen bisher noch Datendefizite besonders für organische Stoffe.
Durch die Umstellung des Elutionsverfahrens von einem W/F von 10 l/kg (bisherige Regelung in der LAGA M 20) auf ein W/F von 2 l/kg bestehen zusätzliche Unsicherheiten im Hinblick auf die Einstufung von Bodenmaterialien zu Verwertungszwecken.
Im Rahmen eines UFOPLAN-Projektes (FKZ 3716 74 203 0) wurden unterschiedliche Bodenmaterialien verschiedenen Ursprungs (z.B. Baggergut, Bankettschälgut, Stadt- und Auenböden, Bergematerial) mit besonderem Fokus auf PAK untersucht. Von den unter die Kriterien fallenden, ausgewählten Bodenmaterialien wurden Feststoffgehalte, TOC-Gehalte sowie die Eluatwerte aus Säulenversuchen nach DIN 19528 und Schüttelversuchen nach DIN 19529 bei einem Wasser-/Feststoffverhältnis (W/F) von 2 l/kg und 10 l/kg ermittelt und gegenübergestellt.
Mit den neuen und auch mit Auswertung vorhandener Daten kann hinsichtlich PAK gezeigt werden, dass mit Verabschiedung der neuen Regelungen sich zusätzliche Verwertungsmöglichkeiten von Bodenmaterialien außerhalb der durchwurzelbaren Bodenschicht eröffnen und deren Deponierung vermieden werden kann. Analysen zu anorganischen Schadstoffen wurden parallel miterfasst und ausgewertet.
Paragraphs 6 to 8 of the proposed amendment to the German Federal Soil Protection and Contaminated Sites Ordinance contain new requirements regarding the application of soil-like material outside of a rootable soil layer. For example, it is intended to enable reusing of soil-like materials containing regulated substances in concentrations between the single and double precautionary values (PV), provided that the limit values for the eluate are complied with. The aim of a running project (funding code UFOPLAN 3716 74 203 0, German Federal Environmental Agency) is to fill data deficits for soil-like materials which meet the above-mentioned criteria to promote circular economy and conservation of natural resources. Different soil-like materials of various origin (for example dredged material, banquet peeling material, urban and meadow soils) are considered with a special focus on PAHs. A major challenge in sample acquisition is the relatively narrow target range of the PAH content between 3 and 6 mg/kg dm considering a high measurement uncertainty at this concentration level.
The contents of PAHs, heavy metals and other inorganic elements in solid matter are determined following established standards. In addition, the soil-like materials are characterized concerning particle size, pH, conductivity, SOM, TOC and carbonate content. To determine the eluate concentration, column tests according to DIN 19528 and batch tests according to DIN 19529 at a liquid/solid ratio (L/S) of 2 l/kg and 10 l/kg are performed comparatively.
The results show that the new requirements of the planned amendment to the Federal Soil Protection and Contaminated Sites Ordinance certainly opens additional possibilities for reuse of soil-like materials. Even most soil-like materials within 2-3 x PV comply with the eluate value for PAH (0.2 μg/l) both in the batch test and in the column test at L/S 2 l/kg. Selected inorganic substances lead to similar evaluations. Therefore, the application of such soil-like materials outside of rootable soil layers would be possible. Previously, those materials were often used for landfill construction. In the future, a utilization in the adjacent environment by backfilling, recultivation, renaturation, composting or landscaping would be conceivable.
Dem Fachbeirat Bodenuntersuchungen des BMBF/UBA wurden Ergebnisse aus BISp-Forschungsvorhaben zur Untersuchung der Stofffreisetzung aus Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis sowie zur Modellierung des Schadstofftransfers auf dem Pfad Boden-Grundwasser vorgestellt. Dabei wurde auch auf die derzeitigen gesetzlichen Regelungen auf EU Ebene und die vorhandenen Anforderungen in der Normung eingegangen. Der verbliebene Forschungsbedarf wurde aufgezeigt und dabei auch die Problematik der Bildung von Mikroplastik im Zusammenhang mit Sportböden thematisiert.
Verwertung von Bodenmaterialien - Ergebnisse aus dem UFOPLAN-Vorhaben und Transfer der Ergebnisse
(2019)
Dem Fachbeirat Bodenuntersuchungen des BMBF/UBA wurden Ergebnisse zum UFOPLAN-Forschungsvorhaben „Monitoring zur Verwertung von Bodenmaterial“ vorgestellt. Die potentielle Auswirkung der neuen Regularien in der geplanten Novelle der BBodSchV (4. Referentenentwurf der Mantelverordnung) auf die Erweiterung der Verwertungsmöglichkeiten von Bodenmaterialien wird aufgezeigt. Probleme des Umgangs mit der analytischen Messunsicherheit im Grenzwertbereich und mit der Vergleichbarkeit der zugelassenen Elutionsverfahren werden diskutiert.
Gegenstand der vorzustellenden Arbeiten ist die Prüfung der Umwelt-beständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von Materialien und Produkten hinsichtlich der Emission von potenziellen Schadstoffen in die Umwelt. Hierzu werden chemisch-physikalische Einflüsse (Bewitterung) und mikrobielle Beanspruchungen an Modellmaterialien evaluiert. So werden die Freisetzungsraten von Schadstoffen in Abhängigkeit der Beanspruchung beschrieben. Als Modellmaterialien kommen die Polymere Polystyrol (PS) und Polypropylen (PP) zum Einsatz. Synergistische Effekte der Bewitterungsparameter und der mikrobiologischen Beanspruchung sollen dabei ebenso betrachtet werden, wie die gezielte Alterung. Auch findet eine Beschreibung des Verhaltens der ausgetragenen Schadstoffe (polybromierte Flammschutzmittel) in den Umweltkompartimenten Boden oder Wasser statt. Hier sind mit Hilfe der zu entwickelnden Screening- und non-Target-Analyseverfahren die Transformation und der Metabolismus durch Mikroorganismen zu beschreiben. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen Korrelationen zwischen den künstlichen Alterungsverfahren und realen Szenarien abgeleitet werden.
Das Prozessmonitoring stellt einen wichtigen Baustein für eine Qualitätssicherung additiv gefertigter Bauteile dar, insbesondere bei kleinen Losgrößen. Der Vortrag zeigt einen Überblick aktueller Entwicklungen der BAM im Bereich des Prozessmonitorings für das Laserstrahlschmelzen (laser powder bed fusion) metallischer Werkstoffe. Durch Vergleich mit der Referenzmethode Computertomografie wird am Beispiel der thermografischen Verfahren gezeigt, wie relevante Defekte in Bauteilen detektiert werden können und Einsatzpotenziale sowie Limitierungen aufgezeigt.
Biocide mitigation strategies of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in the oil and gas industry have been primarily used to eliminate the growths of sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM). However, methanogenic Archaea (MA) can also be highly corrosive by using iron as an electron source for methanogenesis. Because of the fundamental physiological differences between archaea and bacteria, responses of MA towards SRM-specific biocides cannot be deduced using SRM. Due to the lack of information available on the effect of biocides on corrosive MA, we selected THPS, glutaraldehyde, nitrate and perchlorate to compare against corrosive SRM.
Preliminary results showed that at low concentrations of THPS (0-10 ppm), growth of MA was not affected, methane production and corrosion rates (0.1 mm/yr) were comparable between the different THPS concentrations. On the contrary, the SRM strain showed decreased corrosion rates (0.18 mm/yr to 0.03 mm/yr) with increasing THPS concentrations. Further corrosion tests including electrochemical measurements of different biocides on the growth of MA and SRM will be conducted. Such knowledge not only provide important insights on the physiological response of MA to biocides but also contribute to more effective mitigation strategies that can be both economic and environmentally beneficial.
Environmental sustainability and –stability of materials concerning the migration of pollutants
(2019)
In addition to previously reported results on the accelerated weathering of polystyrene samples (PS) containing 1 wt. % hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), we present the first results of our investigations of polypropylene samples (PP) containing 0.1 wt. % BDE-209. All studied polymer samples were exposed to a defined weathering schedule in a climate chamber in accordance to regulation EN ISO 4892-3:2006. For the determination of BDE-209 in the collected raining water the samples were prepared in accordance to a validated protocol. Before the analyses each sample was spiked with isotopically labeled BDE-209. Subsequently the samples were extracted with isooctane. The obtained extracts were concentrated, and the resulting solutions were analyzed by GC/MS. Additionally, the total bromine content was monitored for the weathered and untreated samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) as a non-destructive and rapid method. In general, the resulting data from the accelerated weathering will be compared to those from the natural weathering experiments. Here, the surfaces of the test pieces were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS and XRF as well. Moreover, soil bed tests were conducted in a well characterized model soil. This soil (boulder-clay, sand with 12 % loam, particle size in total 0.2-4 mm) is filled in a free-draining basin inside of an air-conditioned cellar. In this manner, TOC, water capacity and humidity are recorded parameters. To induce a leaching process from the samples by the raining water, the target water content is calculated to 8%. The actual humidity is measured by a tensiometer, assuring the duration of the raining period. A defined humidity is a fundamental parameter for a biological activity in the soil. The test polymers were placed up to the half in the soil. Microbial activity of the soil is monitored by a reference polymer (polyurethane) and should induce the release of HBCD and BDE-209 out of the test materials. These released analytes will be captured by passive samplers (silicone tubes) placed in a distinct distance to the polymer samples in the soil. The soil bed experiments are complementary to the weathering experiments due to the biological activity in the soil.
Eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Materialien findet für die Gestaltung von Zeichnungen Verwendung. So sind es insbesondere „braune Tinten“, welche die Zeichnungen dominieren. Der Vortrag möchte zunächst einen kurzen Überblick über die Terminologie und die Kunsttechnologie farbiger Tinten geben, um den Kosmos dieser Vielfältigkeit und auch deren Vergänglichkeit zu illustrieren.
Der zweite Teil des Vortrags ist dann den sogenannten Bistertinten und deren analytischen Nachweisen gewidmet. Es handelt sich um Zeichentinten, die aus den wasserlöslichen Bestandteilen von Kaminruß gewonnen werden. Die farbliche Bandbreite reicht von gelb-orange bis braun. Zuweilen wurden diese Tinten mit weiteren Pigmenten versetzt, um eine bestimmte Farbtiefe zu erzielen.
Microbiologically induced corrosion due to bacterial biofilms causes several problems in industrial systems, technical applications and in medicine. Prior to the formation of a biofilm on a substrate, planktonic cells attach on the surface. Hence, the properties of the surface play a key role in biofilm formation and are of great importance for the development of strategies to prevent bacterial attachment and biofilm formation.
This project aims at clarifying to which extent surface micro-/nanostructuring and chemical functionalization affects bacterial attachment and whether a synergistic combination of the two can be used to control bacterial adhesion. To answer these questions, model surfaces with regular patterns of 5-10 micrometers in size have been prepared, which provide distinct zones differing in terms of their chemistry or nano-roughness. This was achieved by micro contact printing of self-assembled monolayers with different functional groups and deposition of patterned ZnO nanorod arrays for studying the effect of surface chemistry and morphology, respectively. Typical contrasts studied were combinations of positively/negatively charged, hydrophobic/hydrophilic or flat/rough.
The attachment behavior of bacteria on tailored surfaces were studied in a flow chamber as a function of time. The strain Pseudomonas fluorescens SBW25 was chosen as a model organism. DNA-intercalating dyes such as Syto9 have a high affinity to adsorb on ZnO nanorods. To overcome this limitation a genetic modification was performed by introducing a gene which expresses a green fluorescent protein in P. fluorescens SBW25 enabling the quantitative evaluation of the flow chamber studies by means of fluorescence microscopy. Further analysis of the attachment behavior was performed by means of scanning electron microscopy.
The presentation will summarize the results of our systematic study on the role of individual parameters on bacterial attachment and highlight synergistic combinations, showing an inhibition or enhancing effect. As the investigations with model substrates enable a precise control of the surface parameters, this approach can be applied to different microorganisms and material systems to achieve a correlative description of bacterial adhesion on solid surfaces.
Normativ ist der Holzschutz in Deutschland durch die DIN 68800-Reihe geregelt. Die Normungsarbeit in CEN/TC 38 bildet dafür den Rahmen, der national angepasst und fachspezifisch erweitert wurde. Zusammen mit dem Kommentar ergeben beide ein in Europa einzigartiges Regelkompendium im Holzschutz. In Zukunft wird die Regelsetzung noch stärker durch internationale Zusammenarbeit bestimmt sein. Der interkontinentalen Marktöffnung sollten Verständigungen auf gemeinsame Qualitätsstandards vorausgehen.
Fungi that share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from excess photosynthetic products. But to cope with sunlight-associated stresses it is important for fungi to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. To test the hypothesis that light is an environmental cue that Ascomycota use to coordinate growth, stress responses as well as to establish pathogenic or symbiotic relationships, the photoreceptor (PR) distribution in species from different ecological niches was analysed. The genomes of black fungi from phyllosphere and exposed solid surfaces contain multiple photoreceptors (PRs). The filamentous foliar plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Leotiomycetes) has a highly sophisticated photosensory and signalling system that helps to avoid light and to locate susceptible hosts. Rock-inhabiting Dothideo- and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess equal numbers of PRs along with the same set of protective pigments. This similarity between black fungi from plant and rock surfaces suggests that photoperception and photoregulation are important for fungi that avoid loss of energy and nutrients through cooperation with phototrophs.
Fungi that share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from excess photosynthetic products. But to cope with sunlight-associated stresses it is important for fungi to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. To test the hypothesis that light is an environmental cue that Ascomycota use to coordinate growth, stress responses as well as to establish pathogenic or symbiotic relationships, the photoreceptor (PR) distribution in species from different ecological niches was analysed. The genomes of black fungi from phyllosphere and exposed solid surfaces contain multiple photoreceptors (PRs). The filamentous foliar plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Leotiomycetes) has a highly sophisticated photosensory and signalling system that helps to avoid light and to locate susceptible hosts. Rock-inhabiting Dothideo- and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess equal numbers of PRs along with the same set of protective pigments. This similarity between black fungi from plant and rock surfaces suggests that photoperception and photoregulation are important for fungi that avoid loss of energy and nutrients through cooperation with phototrophs.