4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (77)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (42)
- Posterpräsentation (24)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (17)
- Sonstiges (5)
- Forschungsbericht (4)
- Monografie (1)
- Buchkapitel (1)
- Forschungsdatensatz (1)
Schlagworte
- Nano (29)
- OECD (20)
- Nanomaterial (14)
- VOC (13)
- Bauprodukte (12)
- Emission (9)
- Prüfrichtlinie (9)
- Volatile organic compounds (8)
- Aerosol (7)
- BEMMA (7)
- Cascade impactor (7)
- ISO 16000-6 (7)
- Nanopartikel (7)
- EN 16516 (6)
- Geruch (6)
- TXRF (6)
- Emissionen (5)
- Museum (5)
- Nanomaterials (5)
- Nanoparticle (5)
- Reference material (5)
- Test guideline (5)
- Umweltsimulation (5)
- VVOCs (5)
- Analytical method (4)
- Architecture (4)
- Bundesoberbehörden (4)
- Chemical durability (4)
- Construction products (4)
- Corrosion (4)
- Emission test chamber (4)
- Formaldehyd (4)
- Gas chromatography (4)
- Guideline (4)
- Standardisation (4)
- Thermal desorption (4)
- UFP (4)
- Affinity chromatography (3)
- Air quality monitoring (3)
- Antibodies (3)
- ESEM (3)
- Electron microscopy (3)
- FFF-3D-Printer (3)
- Geruchsmessung (3)
- Glass (3)
- Low melting (3)
- Luftschadstoffe (3)
- Particle size distribution (3)
- Partikel (3)
- Perceived Intensity (3)
- Polyglycerol (3)
- Reference materials (3)
- Size (3)
- VOC-emission (3)
- Weathering (3)
- Additive Fertigung (2)
- Additive Manufacturing (2)
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) (2)
- Aerosol measurements (2)
- Aerosole (2)
- Air exchange rate (2)
- Ambient aerosols (2)
- Analytik (2)
- Behördenklausurtagung (2)
- Bewitterung (2)
- Biofilm (2)
- Biofilms (2)
- CO2 assisted impregnation (2)
- Capsules (2)
- Chamber test (2)
- Chemical analysis (2)
- Chemical characterization (2)
- Consumer products (2)
- Corona (2)
- Crystallization (2)
- DIN EN 16516 (2)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (2)
- Element mass concentration (2)
- Emission chamber (2)
- Emission reference material (2)
- Emissions (2)
- Emissionskammer (2)
- Environmental simulation (2)
- European standard (2)
- FEM model (2)
- Fluorescence (2)
- Formaldehyde (2)
- Fume (2)
- GAeF (2)
- Glasmalfarben (2)
- Glutaraldehyde (2)
- Größenbestimmung (2)
- ICP-MS (2)
- Indoor air quality (2)
- Innenraum (2)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (2)
- LA-ICP-MS (2)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) (2)
- Loading factor (2)
- Luft (2)
- MOF (2)
- Material emissions (2)
- Microbiome (2)
- Microplastics (2)
- Nano particle (2)
- Nanofasern (2)
- Nanomaterialien (2)
- Particle gas emission (2)
- Particle size (2)
- Particle size distributuion (2)
- Particles (2)
- Particulate emission (2)
- Plume (2)
- Pollutants (2)
- Prozessmonitoring (2)
- Purification (2)
- Radon (2)
- Reductive amination (2)
- Reference method (2)
- Round robin test (2)
- Sapphire (2)
- Schadstoffaustrag (2)
- Size distribution (2)
- Size resolved chemical composition (2)
- Spatter (2)
- Struvite (2)
- Test Guideline (2)
- Testguideline (2)
- Thermal extraction (2)
- Time resolved chemical composition (2)
- Total reflection X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- Ultrafine particles (2)
- VOC Emissionen (2)
- VOC-Emissionen (2)
- VVOC (2)
- Vitrinen (2)
- Wooden toys (2)
- 3D Printing (1)
- 3D printer (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- AEROMET II (1)
- AEROMET project (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Advanced Materials (1)
- Aerosol element alanysis (1)
- Aerosol element mass concentration (1)
- Aerosol gravimetry (1)
- Aerosol measurement instruments (1)
- Aerosol spectroscopy (1)
- Aerosolforschung (1)
- Aerosols (1)
- Aerosolsensor (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Affinity support (1)
- AgBB Bewertung (1)
- Aging test (1)
- Aging tests (1)
- Air analysis (1)
- Air pollution (1)
- Air quality (1)
- Air sampling (1)
- Airborne Particles (1)
- Alkali zinc borate glass (1)
- Aluminium (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Ambient air (1)
- Ambient air pollution (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Ammoniak (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Analytische Methode (1)
- Anodization (1)
- Antibody purification (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Architektur (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis AAAA (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis aaaa (1)
- BAM Data Store (1)
- BEMMA Bewertung (1)
- BFR (1)
- BMU (1)
- BODIPY dye (1)
- BSA (1)
- Bauproduktenverordnung (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Bewertung (1)
- Bewertungsverfahren (1)
- Bio-based insulation (1)
- Bio-weathering (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Bioconjugation (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosphere (1)
- Black fungi (1)
- Blauer Engel (1)
- Blue Angel ecolabel (1)
- Bodenbelag (1)
- Bodenbeläge (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (1)
- Building product (1)
- Building products (1)
- Bürogeräte mit Druckfunktion (1)
- CCQM (1)
- COVID (1)
- CPC calibration (1)
- CRM (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Calibration transfer (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Cellulose ether (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Chamber measurement (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Chemical composition (1)
- Chemische Beständigkeit (1)
- Climate responsive materials (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Cognitive performance (1)
- Colored glasses (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Construction Products (1)
- Construction product (1)
- Consumer article (1)
- Consumer articles (1)
- Core/shell nanoparticle (1)
- Corundum (1)
- Covid (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- DIN EN 717-1 (1)
- DMAS (1)
- Damage repair (1)
- Dendrimer (1)
- Diffusive sampling (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Dispay case (1)
- Dispergierung von Glaspartikeln (1)
- Dispersion of glass particle (1)
- Display case (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Druck (1)
- EDX Analysis (1)
- EN 717-1 (1)
- EN 717-3 (1)
- EU EMPIR (1)
- EU regulations (1)
- Earthen building materials (1)
- Effective uptake rate (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) (1)
- Electronic lab notebook (ELN) (1)
- Elektrolichtbogenofen (1)
- Element analysis (1)
- Elemental aerosol analysis (1)
- Elemental composition (1)
- Emerging Contaminants (1)
- Emission Test Chamber (1)
- Emission Testing (1)
- Emission chamber testing (1)
- Emission chambers (1)
- Emission reference materials (1)
- Emission test chamber procedure (1)
- Emission test method (1)
- Emissions of hazardous gases (1)
- Emissionsmessungen (1)
- Emissionsprüfkammer (1)
- Emissionsprüfung (1)
- Emisson testing (1)
- Enamel colors (1)
- Enamels (1)
- Environment (1)
- Environmental friendly (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Exposure risk (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- FFF-filament (1)
- FFF-printing (1)
- Faraday cup aerosol electrometer (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Fiber (1)
- Fibre (1)
- Filament comparison (1)
- Flammschutzmittel (1)
- Flask method (1)
- Flexible shadow masks (1)
- Fluorometric sensing (1)
- Food (1)
- Forest fires (1)
- Forschungsdatenmanagement (1)
- Forschungsstrategie (1)
- Forsterite (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Gas analysis (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gesundheit (1)
- Glas (1)
- Glasanalyse (1)
- Größe (1)
- Haze Samples (1)
- Heavy metal free (1)
- Historic buildings (1)
- Human plasma (1)
- Hyperbranched polymer (1)
- IAQ (1)
- IEQ (1)
- ISO REMCO (1)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (1)
- Idiopathic environmental intolerance (1)
- Igg (1)
- Immunoglobulins (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- In-situ Process Monitoring (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- Indoor Air Quality (1)
- Indoor Air: Adsorbent performance (1)
- Indoor Products (1)
- Indoor emission (1)
- Innenraumluft (1)
- Innenraumluftqualität (1)
- Innenraumluftqualtität (1)
- Inter-comparison (1)
- Inter-lab comparison (1)
- Intercomparison (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Knock-out mutant (1)
- LCC (1)
- Lapis lazuli (1)
- Laser Printer (1)
- Laser printer emission (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Linker (1)
- Low melting glasses (1)
- Low-tech approach (1)
- Luftgüte (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Mask fabrication (1)
- Material emissions testing (1)
- Mechanochemistry (1)
- Medieval glasses (1)
- Melanin Adhesion (1)
- Metallic silver precipitates (1)
- Metals (1)
- Methoden (1)
- Micro-XRF (1)
- Microchamber (1)
- Micropatterning (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mobile anodisation (1)
- Mobile application (1)
- Model aerosols (1)
- Molecular Organic Frameworks (1)
- Monoterpene (1)
- Multigassensorik (1)
- Multiple Displacement Amplification (1)
- Multiple chemical sensitivity (1)
- Museumsvitrine (1)
- Museumsvitrinen (1)
- NDT (1)
- NFDI (1)
- NGS (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- Nano@BAM (1)
- NanoPlattform (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanotechnologie (1)
- Neuartige Materialien (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Niedrig schmelzend (1)
- Non-destructive Materials (1)
- Nonspecific binding (NSB) (1)
- Novel sample preparation techniques (1)
- Oddy test (1)
- Odour (1)
- Office machines (1)
- Olivine (1)
- OpenBIS (1)
- Operating Procedure (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Optische Tomografie (1)
- PBFSM (1)
- PGAA (1)
- PIXE (1)
- PM monitors (1)
- PP (1)
- PS (1)
- Particle (1)
- Particle Size (1)
- Particle emission (1)
- Particulate emissions (1)
- Partikeldurchmesser (1)
- Parylene C (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Periodate oxidation (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Phase separation (1)
- Phosphates (1)
- Phosphonic acids (1)
- Phosphorous recovery (1)
- Phototrophic bacteria (1)
- Pigment analyses (1)
- Pilot comparison (1)
- Plastic biofilm (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polypropylen (1)
- Polystyrol (1)
- Printing (1)
- ProMoAM (1)
- Process development (1)
- Process monitoring (1)
- Proficiency testing (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein a (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein immobilization (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Proton conductivity (1)
- Provenance studies (1)
- Prüfkammer (1)
- Prürfrichtlinie (1)
- QA/QC (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- REACH (1)
- RFA (1)
- Radon exhalation (1)
- Recovery rate (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Reduktionsprozess (1)
- Reference data (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- Reference samples (1)
- Release kinetics (1)
- Research Data Infrastructure (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Research data management (1)
- Ringversuch (1)
- Robustness validation (1)
- Rround robin test (1)
- SARS (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SDS-PAGE (1)
- SMPS (1)
- SOP (1)
- Safety (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Schadgase (1)
- Schutzverglasung (1)
- Selective quantification (1)
- Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) (1)
- Semivolatile organic compounds (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Silver diffusion (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Solid phase (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Spielzeug (1)
- Stained glasses (1)
- Standardarbeitsanweisungen (1)
- Subjective complaints (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- TEM (1)
- TXRF ambient air aerosol chemical analysis aerosol element composition (1)
- Tantal (1)
- Test method (1)
- Thermal Desorption (1)
- Thermal Extraction (1)
- Thermal properties (1)
- Thermografie (1)
- Thermoplastic filaments (1)
- Transition metals (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Tyrosine (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV protection (1)
- Umweltmessung (1)
- Up-cycling (1)
- Uptake rate (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VOC Emission (1)
- VOC emission (1)
- VOC transfer standards (1)
- VOC-Emission (1)
- Vitrine (1)
- Volatile organic compound (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- WKI flask method (1)
- Weathering tests (1)
- Workflows (1)
- X-Ray analysis (1)
- XRF (1)
- ZIF (1)
- ZIF-8 (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- natural ventilation (1)
- openBIS (1)
- Äquivalenzdurchmesser (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (172) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (3)
Any surface in the environment acts as hotspot for microbial attachment and activity. These biofilms represent the interface between humans and the environment.
While in the past biofilms were often seen as disturbance, we now start to understand the enormous potential of beneficial biofilms. They can be used in a broad range of applications and are sources for new microorganisms and traits. After all, biofilms represent a great example for a collaborative lifestyle.
The Microplastic Microbiome
(2024)
Microplastics represent man-made and newly emerging surfaces in our ecosystems, where they interact with microorganisms. The ecosystem in focus of this presentation will be the aquatic environment. It will be portrayed, which microorganisms use microplastics as a habitat, how environmental factors shape this colonization, and why the biodegradation of plastics in the ocean is an overall unlikely process. We will also discuss whether potentially pathogenic microorganisms use microplastics as a raft. Finally, possible adaptation mechanisms of plastic-colonizing microorganisms will be presented, such as the production of photoreactive molecules. The microplastic microbiome has a large potential to harbor so far unknown species with curious traits, representing an exciting research topic for the future.
The BAM Data Store
(2023)
As a partner in several NFDI consortia, the Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM, German federal institute for materials science and testing) contributes to research data standardization efforts in various domains of materials science and engineering (MSE). To implement a central research data management (RDM) infrastructure that meets the requirements of MSE groups at BAM, we initiated the Data Store pilot project in 2021. The resulting infrastructure should enable researchers to digitally document research processes and store related data in a standardized and interoperable manner. As a software solution, we chose openBIS, an open-source framework that is increasingly being used for RDM in MSE communities.
The pilot project was conducted for one year with five research groups across different organizational units and MSE disciplines. The main results are presented for the use case “nanoPlattform”. The group registered experimental steps and linked associated instruments and chemicals in the Data Store to ensure full traceability of data related to the synthesis of ~400 nanomaterials. The system also supported researchers in implementing RDM practices in their workflows, e.g., by automating data import and documentation and by integrating infrastructure for data analysis.
Based on the promising results of the pilot phase, we will roll out the Data Store as the central RDM infrastructure of BAM starting in 2023. We further aim to develop openBIS plugins, metadata standards, and RDM workflows to contribute to the openBIS community and to foster RDM in MSE.
Angesichts der zunehmenden Digitalisierung und dem Einsatz datenintensiver Methodiken in der Wissenschaft stehen Forschende vor der Herausforderung, stetig wachsende Datenmengen nachvollziehbar zu dokumentieren, langfristig zu speichern und für Dritte nachnutzbar zu machen. Um diesen Anforderungen gerecht zu werden, bietet sich die Nutzung von Software-Lösungen an, welche Forschungsdatenmanagement mit der digitalen Dokumentation von Laborinventar und Experimenten in elektronischen Laborbüchern (engl. electronic lab notebooks (ELN)) verknüpfen.
Reliable measurement of the size of polydisperse, complex-shaped commercial nanopowders is a difficult but necessary task, e.g., for regulatory requirements and toxicity risk assessment. Suitable methods exist for the accurate characterization of the size of non-aggregated, stabilized, spherical and monodisperse nanoparticles. In contrast, industrial nanoscale powders usually require dedicated sample preparation procedures developed for the analysis method of choice. These nano-powders tend to agglomerate and/or aggregate, a behavior which in combination with an innate broad particle size distribution and irregular shape often significantly alters the achievable accuracy of the measured size parameters. The present study systematically tests two commercially available nanoscale powders using different sample preparation methods for correlative analysis by scanning electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, Brunauer–Emmet–Teller method and differential mobility analysis. One focus was set on the sample preparation by embedding nanoparticles in carbon-based hot-mounting resin. Literature on this topic is scarce and the accuracy of the data extracted from cross sections of these particles is unclearly stated. In this paper systematic simulations on the deviation of the size parameters of well-defined series of nanoparticles with different shapes from the nominal value were carried out and the contributing factors are discussed.
Regional standardisation activities and how VAMAS can help in any way to promote activities are reported.
Activities related to organisational updates, government initiatives/priorities (especially related to Materials), details of any strategy documents publicly available, networks within Germany and how we engage are presented.
Die Bestimmung der Nanopartikelgrößen- und -formverteilung nach OECD TG 125 mit einem Differentiellen Mobilitäts Analyse System (DMAS), auch bekannt als SMPS, wird vorgestellt:
- Generelles Messprinzip
- Welchen Durchmesser misst die Methode?
- Welche Partikel kann diese Methode messen?
- Welche Informationen kann diese Methode liefern?
- Wo stößt die Methode an ihre Grenzen?
- Implementierung und Datenauswertung,
- Reporting.
Anschließend wurde eine Q&A-Session für DMAS/SMPS organisiert.
OECD Prüfrichtlinie 125
(2023)
Diese Präsentation ist eine Einführung in die OECD TG 125 zur Bestimmung der Partikelgrößen von Nanomaterialien. Es wird auf die verchiedenen Probleme der Partikelgrößenbestimmung eingegangen wie z.B. verschiedene Oberflächenschichten, Äquivalenzdurchmesser und Verteilungsfunktionen. Gleichzeitig werden die neuen Begrifflichkeiten eingeführt, die in der TG 125 definiert neu werden.
This presentation was held in an OECD Webinar introducing the newly developed and published OECD TG 125 on particle size and size distribution. The presentation is explaining the structure if the TG 125 and addresses all included methods and methodologies in a short and understandable way for the broader public. The presentation includes sections about nano-particles and nano-fibres.
Each year, an immense amount of plastic debris enters marine ecosystems, much of which ends up in the Great Pacific Garbage Patch (GPGP). The plastic fragments are home to a diverse community of microorganisms, and while researchers have gained a better understanding of these marine plastic biofilms, we lack insights into the physiology and genomic potential of the bacteria that colonize them. Examining the lifestyle of plastic colonizers from the GPGP is particularly intriguing, as the high concentration of plastics in this accumulation zone might allow for a microbial adaptation to this unique man-made habitat. A range of pigmentation was observed in 67 isolated strains obtained directly from plastic pieces sampled from the GPGP surface water. Sequence comparison between the cultivated bacterial strains and the 16S rRNA gene amplicon dataset confirmed that most of the cultivates could also be captured through DNA-only methods. Whole genome analysis of four taxonomically diverse representatives revealed multiple carotenoid pathways, including those to produce less common glycosylated carotenoids, like sarcinaxanthin glucoside. Further, we identified a potentially new Rhodobacteraceae species containing a photosynthetic gene cluster (PGC). Absorption analysis confirmed the actual production of the carotenoids and bacteriochlorophyll a. Floating plastics represent a habitat with strong UV-light exposure, making the protection with antioxidant carotenoids as well as the ability to use light as an energy source highly beneficial traits for plastic colonizers. Our findings indicate, that the production of pigments is a common adaption mechanism for plastic-associated bacteria, and that plastic biofilms present a so far overlooked source of rare carotenoids and light-harvesting mechanisms.
The presentation gives general information about the European Standard EN 16516 “Construction products – Assessment of release of dangerous substances – Determination of emissions into indoor air”. This test standard was developed based on the mandate M/366 of the European commission and is a horizontal reference method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from different classes of construction (building) products. Specific test conditions are to be selected by the product TCs (technical committees) in a way that a product is tested under its intended condition of use.
The test is based on the use of emission test chambers which are operated at constant air change rate and climate (23°C, 50 % r.h.) over 28 days. The standard defines the conditions and requirements for the measurement including loading factor, air change rate, sampling, analysis and calculation of emission rates of the substances. A 30 m³ reference room is described which is used to calculate air concentrations from the determined emission rates.
The standard EN 16516 enables the evaluation of construction products regarding their emissions into indoor air under defined and comparable conditions. The evaluation includes the determination of identified target compounds, non-identified target compounds, volatile carcinogenic compounds and the sum values TVOC, TSVOC and R.
We present how mesoporosity can be engineered in transition metal phosphate (TMPs) materials in a template-free manner. The method involves the transformation of a precursor metal phosphate phase, called M-struvite (NH4MPO4·6H2O, M = Mg2+, Ni2+, Co2+, NixCo1−x2+). It relies on the thermal decomposition of crystalline M-struvite precursors to an amorphous and simultaneously mesoporous phase, which forms during degassing of NH3 and H2O. The temporal evolution of mesoporous frameworks and the response of the metal coordination environment were followed by in situ and ex situ scattering and diffraction, as well as X-ray spectroscopy. Despite sharing the same precursor struvite structure, different amorphous and mesoporous structures were obtained depending on the involved transition metal. We highlight the systematic differences in absolute surface area, pore shape, pore size, and phase transitions depending on the metal cation present in the analogous M-struvites. The amorphous structures of thermally decomposed Mg-, Ni- and NixCo1−x-struvites exhibit high surface areas and pore volumes (240 m2 g−1 and 0.32 cm−3 g−1 for Mg and 90 m2 g−1 and 0.13 cm−3 g−1 for Ni). We propose that the low-cost, environmentally friendly M-struvites could be obtained as recycling products from industrial and agricultural wastewaters. These waste products could be then upcycled into mesoporous TMPs through a simple thermal treatment for further application, for instance in (electro)catalysis.
In industrialised countries more than 80% of the time is spent indoors. Products, such as building materials and furniture, emit volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which are therefore ubiquitous in indoor air. VOC in combination may, under certain environmental and occupational conditions, result in reported sensory irritation and health complaints. Emission concentrations can become further elevated in new or refurbished buildings where the rate of air exchange with fresh ambient air may be limited due to improved energy saving aspects. A healthy indoor environment can be achieved by controlling the sources and by eliminating or limiting the release of harmful substances into the air. One way is to use (building) materials proved to be low emitting. Meanwhile, a worldwide network of professional commercial and non-commercial laboratories performing emission tests for the evaluation of products for interior use has been established. Therefore, comparability of test results must be ensured. A laboratory’s proficiency can be proven by internal and external validation measures that both include the application of suitable emission reference materials (ERM). For the emission test chamber procedure according to EN 16516, no artificial ERM is commercially available. The EU-funded EMPIR project MetrIAQ aims to fill this gap by developing new and improved ERMs. The goal is to obtain a material with a reproducible and temporally constant compound release (less than 10% variability over 14 days). Different approaches, such as the impregnation of porous materials, are being tested. The generation as well as results of the most promising materials will be presented.
The ISO 16000-6 standard gives directions to adapt the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in indoor and test chamber air to very volatile organic compounds (VVOCs). The same techniques with sorbent-based active sampling, thermal desorption and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (TD-GC/MS) should be used. However, VVOCs require gaseous standards, an adapted GC column and a reliable sampling adsorbent. This work presents experimental results to tackle those three experimental gaps. A stable standard gas mixture containing 47 VVOCs, 13 VOCs and an internal standard was successfully generated. It was employed to study the suitability of seven types of chromatography columns. The use of PLOT (Porous Layer Open Tubular) columns such as PoraBOND Q is well suitable for VVOC analysis. The recoveries of the 60 analytes on a total of 16 adsorbents and their combinations were determined: A combination of the graphitized carbon black Carbograph 5TD 40/60 and the carbon molecular sieve CarbosieveTM SII showed great recoveries for all analytes. Carbon molecular sieves adsorb water which can impair the analysis. A dry purge of the multi-sorbent in the sampling direction led to a complete water removal and promising recoveries of the analytes.
Nonporous corundum powder was functionalized covalently with protein binders to isolate and enrich specific proteins from complex matrices.The common crosslinker glutaraldehyde was compared with a hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) of around 10 kDa. The latter was oxidized with periodate to generate aldehyde groups that can covalently react with the amines of the surface and the amino groups from the protein via a reductive amination process. The amount of bound protein was quantified via aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA). As a proof of concept, IgG was extracted with protein A from crude human plasma. The advantages of corundum include the very low price, extremely high physical and chemical stability, pressure resistance, favorable binding kinetics, convenient handling, and flexible application.
Micro-(nano-)encapsulation technology involves building of a barrier between the core and the environment and offers a number of benefits to preserve the functional and physicochemical properties of core material. Tremendous progress has been made in synthesizing well-defined capsules to achieve desired properties such as particle size, chemical composition, and controlled release of the payload.
Encapsulation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that could evaporate with a defined rate is of immense interest for application in emission reference materials (ERM). These are urgently needed for quality assurance and quality control purposes (QA/QC) required by test standards for the determination of chemical emissions of construction and other materials for interior use. As such ERMs are hardly available on the market, the EU-funded EMPIR project MetrIAQ [1] was started to fill this gap by developing a material with temporally constant emission of VOCs typically found in indoor air.
Different capsules in a size range between 5 and 50 μm were synthesized through an interfacial polyaddition/polycondensation reaction in direct (water-in-oil) system. As VOC several types of hydrophobic liquid materials were used. After synthesis, the morphology and physicochemical properties of capsules were characterized by electron microscopy, FTIR and DSC/TGA. An encapsulation efficiency up to 90% could be reached. The emission kinetic of volatile agents was studied in emission test chambers at 23 °C and 50% RH for 14 days. First results indicate that variation of the cross-linking grade of the shell material is one important parameter to adjust the desired emission rate. The overall aim is to achieve a consistent emission profile that decreases by less than 10 % over a target period of at least 14 days.
Nonporous corundum powder, known as an abrasive material in the industry, was functionalized covalently with protein binders to isolate and enrich specific proteins from complex matrices. The materials based on corundum were characterized by TEM, ESEM, BET, DLS, EDS, and zeta potential measurements. The strong Al-O-P bonds between the corundum surface and amino phosphonic acids were used to introduce functional groups for further conjugations. The common crosslinker glutaraldehyde was compared with a hyperbranched polyglycerol (PG) of around 10 kDa. The latter was oxidized with periodate to generate aldehyde groups that can covalently react with the amines of the surface and the amino groups from the protein via a reductive amination process. The amount of bound protein was quantified via aromatic amino acid analysis (AAAA). This work shows that oxidized polyglycerol can be used as an alternative to glutaraldehyde. With polyglycerol, more of the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) could be attached to the surface under the same conditions, and lower non-specific binding (NSB) was observed. As a proof of concept, IgG was extracted with protein A from crude human plasma. The purity of the product was examined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). A binding capacity of 1.8 mg IgG per gram of corundum powder was achieved. The advantages of corundum include the very low price, extremely high physical and chemical stability, pressure resistance, favorable binding kinetics, convenient handling, and flexible application.