4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (335) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (294)
- Deutsch (37)
- Chinesisch (2)
- Italienisch (1)
- Polnisch (1)
Schlagworte
- Leaching (14)
- Biocides (10)
- Phosphorus (10)
- Sewage sludge (9)
- Archaeometry (8)
- Bacteria (8)
- Bottom ash (8)
- Circular economy (7)
- Antimicrobial resistance (6)
- Construction products (6)
- Biofilm (5)
- Biofilms (5)
- DRIFTS (5)
- Ectoine (5)
- Evolution (5)
- Fertilizer (5)
- Fungi (5)
- Inks (5)
- Non-destructive testing (5)
- Phosphorus recovery (5)
- Thermal desorption (5)
- VOC (5)
- Black fungi (4)
- Degradation (4)
- Ersatzbaustoffe (4)
- Gas chromatography (4)
- Ink (4)
- Klärschlamm (4)
- Mixed ink (4)
- Non-invasive analysis (4)
- PFAS (4)
- Papyrus (4)
- Polyethylene (4)
- Raman spectroscopy (4)
- Recycling (4)
- Reverse glass painting (4)
- Struvite (4)
- Termites (4)
- Wastewater (4)
- Wood protection (4)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (4)
- XANES spectroscopy (4)
- Bio-weathering (3)
- Biodeterioration (3)
- Corrosion (3)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (3)
- Disinfection (3)
- Emission test chamber (3)
- Fertilzer (3)
- Geosynthetics (3)
- Geotextiles (3)
- Holzschutz (3)
- Indoor air quality (3)
- Ink analysis (3)
- Interlaboratory comparison (3)
- Knufia petricola (3)
- MIC (3)
- Manuscripts (3)
- NAP-XPS (3)
- Osmoadaptation (3)
- Pathogen (3)
- Phosphat (3)
- Phosphor (3)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (3)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (3)
- Scandium (3)
- Sewage sludge ash (3)
- Soil (3)
- Standardisation (3)
- TXRF (3)
- Termite (3)
- Thermal treatment (3)
- Ultrafine particles (3)
- VVOC (3)
- Volatile organic compounds (3)
- Wood Protection (3)
- Zinc (3)
- Aerosol (2)
- Air pollution (2)
- Air quality monitoring (2)
- Air sampling (2)
- Analytical methods (2)
- Antimicrobial (2)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics (2)
- BEMMA (2)
- Bacterial adhesion (2)
- Bauprodukte (2)
- Biocorrosion (2)
- Bioinformatics (2)
- Bioreceptivity (2)
- Brown-rot fungi (2)
- Building and Construction (2)
- Cannibalism (2)
- Carbon ink (2)
- Cascade impactor (2)
- Circular Economy (2)
- Colourants (2)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (2)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (2)
- Condensed Matter Physics (2)
- Coptic (2)
- Corrosion evolution (2)
- Cultural heritage (2)
- DHN melanin (2)
- DNA (2)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (2)
- Density separation (2)
- Design of experiments (2)
- Disposal repository (2)
- ESEM (2)
- Ecotoxicity (2)
- Electric arc furnace dust (2)
- Electron microscopy (2)
- Emission (2)
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology (2)
- Entomopathogen (2)
- Environment (2)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (2)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (2)
- Fluoride (2)
- Forsterite (2)
- Fuel Technology (2)
- Fungus (2)
- Geokunststoffe (2)
- Geruchsmessung (2)
- Gut microbiota (2)
- Halomonas elongata (2)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (2)
- Horizontal gene transfer (2)
- ICP-MS (2)
- ISO 16000-6 (2)
- Immunity (2)
- Incineration bottom ash (2)
- Insect biotechnology (2)
- Iron-gall ink (2)
- Isoptera (2)
- Keratin (2)
- Klärschlammverordnung (2)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (2)
- Kulturelle Entomologie (2)
- LC-MS/MS (2)
- Langzeitverhalten (2)
- Lapis lazuli (2)
- Laser processing (2)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (2)
- Leaching control mechanisms (2)
- Leaching tests (2)
- Lysimeter (2)
- MOF (2)
- Magnesium (2)
- Marine littering (2)
- Mechanochemistry (2)
- Melting experiments (2)
- Metabolomics (2)
- Method development (2)
- Micro-XRF (2)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (2)
- Microbiota (2)
- Microcolonial fungi (2)
- Micropatterning (2)
- Microplastic (2)
- NanoSIMS (2)
- Nanoparticles (2)
- Non-destructiv testing (2)
- Nosema ceranae (2)
- Nuclear waste (2)
- Osmia bicornis (2)
- PGAA (2)
- PIXE (2)
- Particles (2)
- Passive sampling (2)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (2)
- Pigment analyses (2)
- Pigment identification (2)
- Polyglycerol (2)
- Provenance studies (2)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2)
- Raman (2)
- Recovery (2)
- Recycling fertilizer (2)
- Reference material (2)
- Rostasche (2)
- Secondary building materials (2)
- Social (2)
- Stress tolerance (2)
- Struvit (2)
- Subaerial biofilms (2)
- Substance release (2)
- Symbiosis (2)
- Tantal (2)
- Thermochemical treatment (2)
- Tineola bisselliella (2)
- Transcriptomics (2)
- Transformation (2)
- Virology (2)
- Virulence (2)
- Waste treatment (2)
- Waste-to-energy (2)
- Weathering (2)
- Wild bees (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- XANES (2)
- XPS (2)
- XRF (2)
- (Semi)arid to humid-temperate natural ecosys (1)
- 13CO2 pulse labeling (1)
- 13th century (1)
- 16S rRNA gene (1)
- 2D nanomaterials (1)
- 3D printer (1)
- 3D printing (1)
- A key interface (1)
- A-DNA conformation (1)
- AEROMET II (1)
- AEROMET project (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Abfalltrennung (1)
- Abfallverbrennung (1)
- Abfälle (1)
- Abwasser (1)
- Abwasserreinigung (1)
- Accelerated aging (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone receptor (1)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (1)
- Advanced groups of termites (1)
- Aerodynamic levitation (1)
- Aerosol gravimetry (1)
- Aerosol measurement instruments (1)
- Aerosols (1)
- Aerosolsensor (1)
- Affinity chromatography (1)
- Ag-LDI-MS (1)
- Aging (1)
- Aging tests (1)
- Agricultural mycology (1)
- Agronomic performance (1)
- Agronomische Effizienz (1)
- Air analysis (1)
- Air pollution control (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1)
- Alkylating agents (1)
- Ambient aerosols (1)
- Ammonium (1)
- Amphiphilic polymer (1)
- Amplicon sequencing (1)
- Anaerobic pathways (1)
- Analytical Chemistry (1)
- Analytical screening techniques (1)
- Ancient document production (1)
- Animal immune system (1)
- Anobium punctatum (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antagonism (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antibacterial coatings (1)
- Antibacterial polymer (1)
- Antibacterial surfaces (1)
- Antibiotic resistance (1)
- Antibiotics (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Antimicrobial coating (1)
- Antimicrobial materials (1)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (1)
- Antimicrobial test (1)
- Antimicrobial testing (1)
- Antimicrobials (1)
- Antimony (1)
- Antimony black (stibnite) (1)
- Antiseptic agents (1)
- Aquatic fungi (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza (1)
- Archaea (1)
- Architecture (1)
- Artificial ageing (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Ascosphaera apis (1)
- AshDec (1)
- Ashes (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Aufbereitung (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- BAM Data Store (1)
- BAM-Zulassung (1)
- BESSY (1)
- BODIPY (1)
- BOFS (1)
- BTEX (1)
- Bacillus subtilis (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Bacterial cell cycle (1)
- Bacterial second messenger (1)
- Bagasse (1)
- Basidiomycetes (1)
- Basin (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Batch tests (1)
- Bathyarchaeia (1)
- Bauxite Residue (1)
- Bauxite residue (1)
- Bawit (1)
- Bee diseases (1)
- Bee health (1)
- Behavioural mechanisms (1)
- Beneficial microbes (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Bewertungsverfahren (1)
- Bio-P-Kläranlage (1)
- Bio-based insulation (1)
- Bioceramics (1)
- Biocide tolerance (1)
- Biodeterioration and biodegradation (1)
- Biofilm formation (1)
- Biofilm quantification (1)
- Biofouling (1)
- Biogenic weathering (1)
- Bioinformatics virology viruses software (1)
- Biokorrosion (1)
- Biological pest control (1)
- Biologische Schädlingsbekämpfung (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Biotests (1)
- Biotic environment (1)
- Biozide (1)
- Biphasic growth (1)
- Black microcolonial fungi (1)
- Black writing ink (1)
- Blast furnace sludge (1)
- Blast-furnace sludge (1)
- Blattodea (1)
- Boden (1)
- Bodenmaterialien (1)
- Botrytis cinerea (1)
- Building Material (1)
- Building materials (1)
- Built environment (1)
- Bushveld Complex (1)
- C-di-GMP (1)
- CCQM (1)
- CEC-L-103 (1)
- CEN (1)
- CHC (1)
- COST action CA15114 AMICI (1)
- CPC calibration (1)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (1)
- CaNaPO4 (1)
- Calcareous deposits (1)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Calcium carbonate (1)
- Calcium silicate (1)
- Calcium sulfate (1)
- Calibration transfer (1)
- Carbon steel (1)
- Carbon steel corrosion (1)
- Carolingian (1)
- Cathodic protection (1)
- Cell appendages (1)
- Cell studies (1)
- Cell-envelope (1)
- Cellulose ether (1)
- Cellulose synthase (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Chemical analysis (1)
- Chemical durability (1)
- Chemical ecology (1)
- Chemical extraction (1)
- Chemical extraction methods (1)
- Chemical recycling (1)
- Chemicals (1)
- Chemische Löslichkeit (1)
- Chemisches Recycling (1)
- Chicken manure ash (1)
- Chilean Coastal Cordillera (1)
- Chlorination (1)
- Chlorine (1)
- Chromitites (1)
- Clean steel (1)
- Cleridae (1)
- Climate gradient (1)
- Cloning vectors (1)
- Close proximity to colonies (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Cockroach (1)
- Cockroaches (1)
- Codex (1)
- Cognitive performance (1)
- Coleoptera (1)
- Colorants (1)
- Colored glasses (1)
- Colouring (1)
- Combustion and gasification (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (1)
- Community composition (1)
- Community-level interactions (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Comsumer good samples (1)
- Concept (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Conjugation (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Constantinomyces (1)
- Construction materials (1)
- Construction product (1)
- Construction products regulation (CPR) (1)
- Consumer products (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Contraction (1)
- Control (1)
- Copper (1)
- Copper-based wood preservatives (1)
- Coptic manuscripts (1)
- Coptic papyri (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Corrosion environment (1)
- Corundum (1)
- Critical raw materials (1)
- Cross-feeding (1)
- Cross-resistance (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Cryo XPS (1)
- Crystalline phase identification (1)
- Crystallization (1)
- CuNPs (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- Cupriavidus campinensis (1)
- Cuticular hydrocarbons (1)
- Cyanobacteria (1)
- DIN (1)
- DIN EN 16516 (1)
- DNA polymerase (1)
- DSM 5009 (1)
- Decomposition point (1)
- Degradable polymer (1)
- Dendrimer (1)
- Denitrification (1)
- Deponie (1)
- Deponierung (1)
- Deponieverordnung (1)
- Desert ecology (1)
- Developing building materials (1)
- Dielectric heating (1)
- Dietary adaptation (1)
- Differential expression (1)
- Diffractive gratings (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Direct laser writing (1)
- Direct material input (1)
- Disinfection Fuel (1)
- Disposal (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Diversität (1)
- Domestikation (1)
- Dothideomycetes (1)
- Draft Genome (1)
- Drawings (1)
- Driving rain (1)
- Dry treatment (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- DsRNA (1)
- Dye (1)
- Dyes and pigments (1)
- Dynamic calibration gas mixtures (1)
- Dynamic surface leaching test (1)
- Düngemittel (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EAF slags (1)
- EN 717-3 (1)
- Earthen building materials (1)
- Ecotoxicity tests (1)
- Ecotoxicological tests (1)
- Ecotoxixity (1)
- Efficacy (1)
- Egypt (1)
- Electric arc furnace (EAF) slags (1)
- Electric arc furnace slags (1)
- Electronic (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) (1)
- Electronic lab notebook (ELN) (1)
- Elektrolichtbogenofen (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (1)
- Element mass concentration (1)
- Elemental aerosol analysis (1)
- Elemental composition (1)
- Elimination (1)
- Eluates (1)
- Eluatwerte (1)
- Elutionsverfahren (1)
- Emission chamber (1)
- Emission test method (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Emissionen (1)
- Emissionsprüfung (1)
- Enamels (1)
- Entomopathogenic Fungus (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Environmental Chemistry (1)
- Environmental Engineering (1)
- Environmental analysis (1)
- Environmental assessment (1)
- Environmental conditions (1)
- Environmental evaluation (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Environmental simulations (1)
- Epidemal layer (1)
- Erfurt (1)
- Ersatzbaustoff (1)
- Eurotiomycetes (1)
- Exergie (1)
- Exocrine gland (1)
- Expansion (1)
- Exposure (1)
- External (1)
- Extracellular enzymes (1)
- Extractable organic fluorine (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Extraktion (1)
- Extremophile (1)
- Extremophiles (1)
- F pili (1)
- FAT class concept (1)
- FFF-3D printer (1)
- FFF-3D printing (1)
- FFF-filament (1)
- FFF-printing (1)
- FT-Raman (1)
- FactSage calculations (1)
- FactSageTM calculations (1)
- Family archives (1)
- Faraday cup aerosol electrometer (1)
- Fassaden (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Fenton-like reaction (1)
- Fire-retardant paint (1)
- Flask method (1)
- Flexible shadow masks (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescent microscopy (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Flügel (1)
- Food (1)
- Food fermentation (1)
- Forest fires (1)
- Forest soils (1)
- Formaldehyd (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- Forschungsdatenmanagement (1)
- Freisetzung (1)
- Fuel sorption (1)
- Functionalized graphene (1)
- Fungal decay (1)
- Fungal stress mechanisms and responses (1)
- Fungicidal property (1)
- Fungiculture (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- Fällmittel (1)
- GC-FID (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GDL (1)
- GNBP-2 (1)
- Gas analysis (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Environmental Science (1)
- General Materials Science (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- Genetics (1)
- Genetik (1)
- Genome (1)
- Genome sequence (1)
- Genomics (1)
- Geology (1)
- Geomembranes (1)
- Giulio Romano (1)
- Global radiation (1)
- Granulat (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphene–bacteria interaction (1)
- Green facades (1)
- Groundwater (1)
- Grouts (1)
- Growth-rate homeostasis (1)
- Gut symbionts (1)
- Gypsum (1)
- Gypsum plasterboards (1)
- Gypsum waste (1)
- Halogenation (1)
- Halophilic bacteria (1)
- Hausbockkäfer (1)
- Hazardous waste (1)
- Haze Samples (1)
- Hazenite (1)
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis (1)
- Healthcare (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Heat maps (1)
- Heavy metal free (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Hebrew studies (1)
- Hellenistic (1)
- Herbaspirillum seropedicae (1)
- Herculaneum papyri (1)
- Hermopolis (1)
- Hi-Tension (1)
- High density polyethylene (1)
- History of Art (1)
- Holy Family (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Holzwurm (1)
- Honey bee (1)
- Honeybee (1)
- Hospital premises (1)
- Host and symbiont ecology (1)
- Host immunity (1)
- Hydration products (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrogen storage (1)
- Hydrogenasen (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction (1)
- Hygienic behavior (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. (1)
- Hyperarid (1)
- Hypermutation (1)
- Hypopharynx (1)
- ICP-OES (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- ISO (1)
- ISO 22196 (1)
- ISO REMCO (1)
- ITS region (1)
- Idiopathic environmental intolerance (1)
- In situ (1)
- In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction (1)
- In-situ Process Monitoring (1)
- In-situ analysis (1)
- Incubated soil/fertilizer mixtures (1)
- Indirect photolysis (1)
- Indoor Air: Adsorbent performance (1)
- Indoor air (1)
- Indoor mycobiome (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Industrial mycology (1)
- Infecting a number of insects, (1)
- Infections (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Infrared thermography (1)
- Ink analyses (1)
- Ink corrosion (1)
- Innenraumluft (1)
- Insect evolution (1)
- Insecticide (1)
- Instrumental analysis of ink (1)
- Instrumentation (1)
- Inter-comparison (1)
- Inter-lab comparison (1)
- Inter-laboratory test (1)
- Intercomparison (1)
- Interdisciplinarity (1)
- Intraparticle diffusion (1)
- Intumescent coating (1)
- Ionic liquid (1)
- Ir DNA staining approach (1)
- Iron gall ink (1)
- Iron making (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Iron scrap (1)
- Isotopes (1)
- Issues (1)
- Jig (1)
- Joint grouts (1)
- Kläranlage (1)
- Klärschlammasche (1)
- Knock-out mutant (1)
- Korynetes caeruleus (1)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- Laboratory breeding (1)
- Labrum (1)
- Laccase (1)
- Landfill (1)
- Landfill lining (1)
- Laser printer emission (1)
- Laser-induced nanostructures (1)
- Laser-modified surface (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Leaching of waste materials (1)
- Lead (1)
- Leather (1)
- Lichtbogenofen (1)
- Life history data (1)
- Lifetime (1)
- Lignocellulose (1)
- Limit values (1)
- Low alloy steel (1)
- Low melting glasses (1)
- Low-molecular-weight organic substances (1)
- Luftgüte (1)
- MSWI bottom ash (1)
- MSWI fly ash (1)
- Major transition (1)
- Mantelverordnung (1)
- Manuscript (1)
- Manuscript studies (1)
- Map production and publishing (1)
- Maps and colours (1)
- Marble (1)
- Marek's Disease Virus (1)
- Marek's virus (1)
- Mask fabrication (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Mathematical analysis (1)
- Mechanische Stabilität (1)
- Mechanisms of pathogenesis (1)
- Mechanosensitive channel (1)
- Medical mycology (1)
- Melanin (1)
- Melanin Adhesion (1)
- Melting point (1)
- Melting temperature (1)
- Metabolic engineering (1)
- Metabolic flux analysis (1)
- Metabolic modeling (1)
- Metabolism (1)
- Metadata (1)
- Metal recovery (1)
- Metals and Alloys (1)
- Metarhizium (1)
- Metarhizium robertsii DSM 1490 (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methanogen (1)
- Methanogene (1)
- Methanogens (1)
- Methods of scientific analysis (1)
- Microbe (1)
- Microbial abundance (1)
- Microbial adhesions (1)
- Microbial simulation, (1)
- Microbially Induced Corrosion (1)
- Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) (1)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (1)
- Microchamber (1)
- Micromonospora aurantiaca (1)
- Microwaves (1)
- Middle Ages (1)
- Millipedes (1)
- Mineral (1)
- Mining (1)
- Mixed Inks (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- Model (1)
- Model aerosols (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modelling studies (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Moisture (1)
- Moisture performance (1)
- Molecular Organic Frameworks (1)
- Molecular clock (1)
- Molecular identification (1)
- Molybdenum (1)
- Monoterpene (1)
- Monoverbrennung (1)
- MscS (1)
- Mud volcanoe fluids (1)
- Multi-resistant bacteria (1)
- Multi-scale study (1)
- Multicellularity (1)
- Multidisciplinary (1)
- Multilocus phylogeny (1)
- Multiple Displacement Amplification (1)
- Multiple chemical sensitivity (1)
- Multiple lines of evidence (1)
- Multiport (1)
- Municipal sewage sludge (1)
- Museum (1)
- Museumsschädling (1)
- Mussel-inspired coating (1)
- Mussel-inspired materials (1)
- Mutation rate (1)
- MySpot (1)
- Mycotoxin (1)
- Müllverbrennung (1)
- N and K analog tracer (1)
- NGS (1)
- NIR imaging (1)
- Nachsorge (1)
- Nano (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- Nano Particles (1)
- Nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Nano-materials (1)
- NanoPlattform (1)
- Nanomaterial (1)
- Nanomaterials (1)
- Nanoparticle (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Natural abundance of 15N (1)
- Natural durability (1)
- Natural ecosystems (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Near ambient x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Near-infrared refectography (1)
- Near-infrared refelctography (1)
- Neozoon (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- New exocrine organ (1)
- Next generation sequencing (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Nitrification inhibitor (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Nitrogen fixation (1)
- Nitrogen uptake (1)
- Nitrososphaerales (1)
- Nitrous oxide (1)
- Non-destructive Materials (1)
- Non-ferrous metals (1)
- Non-invasive (1)
- Non-invasive scientific methods (1)
- Non-vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Nonspecific binding (NSB) (1)
- Nonvolatile (1)
- Normung (1)
- Nostoc punctiforme (1)
- Novelle BBodSchV (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Nutrient acquisition (1)
- Nutrient cycles (1)
- Nutrient uplift and recyclin (1)
- Nährstoffe (1)
- OECD (1)
- OIT (1)
- Oddy test (1)
- Oil (1)
- Olivine (1)
- One-step ionic liquids synthesis (1)
- Open data (1)
- OpenBIS (1)
- Optical properties of ink (1)
- Optical and Magnetic Materials (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Organic phosphorus breakdown (1)
- Osmotic shock (1)
- Osteogenesis (1)
- Oxide melts (1)
- Oxyfuel-Verbrennung (1)
- P sink method (1)
- P speciation (1)
- P-Recyclingdünger (1)
- P-efficiency (1)
- P. Fluorescens (1)
- PAK (1)
- PM monitors (1)
- PV modules (1)
- Painting (1)
- Paper sizings (1)
- Particle emission (1)
- Particle size distribution (1)
- Particle synthesis (1)
- Partikel (1)
- Parylene C (1)
- Pathogen spillover (1)
- Pathogen transmission (1)
- Pathogen virulence (1)
- Pentimenti (1)
- Peptide-derived components (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkly substances (PFASs) (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (1)
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Performance (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Permeat (1)
- Perowskit (1)
- Persian historical recipes (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Pest control (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Pflanzenverfügbarkeit (1)
- Pflanzenwurzel (1)
- Phase formation (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phenotypic heterogeneity (1)
- Phenotypic variation (1)
- Phoshpor availability (1)
- Phosphate dynamics (1)
- Phosphate extractability and availability (1)
- Phosphates (1)
- Phosphor-Rückgewinnung (1)
- Phosphorous recovery (1)
- Phosphorrückgewinnung (1)
- Phosphorus K-edge-XANES spectroscopy (1)
- Phosphorus availability (1)
- Phosphorus elimination (1)
- Phosphorus plant-availability (1)
- Phosphous recovery (1)
- Photocatalytic surfaces (1)
- Photodynamic therapy (1)
- Photometric P determination (1)
- Photonics (1)
- Phototrophs (1)
- Phyllosphere (1)
- Physical and optical characteristics (1)
- Pigment (1)
- Pilot comparison (1)
- Pilze (1)
- Plant Experiment (1)
- Plant availability (1)
- Plant economic spectrum (1)
- Plant pathogen (1)
- Plastic degradation (1)
- Plastic waste (1)
- Platinum (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polydopamine (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polyioinic liquid (1)
- Polymer-based products (1)
- Polymerase mutant (1)
- Polypropylene (1)
- Polystyrene (1)
- Polyurethanes (1)
- Porosity (1)
- Portrayal of St Joseph (1)
- Pot experiments (1)
- Potential toxic elements (1)
- Probiotic-based vaccines (1)
- Probiotics (1)
- Process Metallurgy (1)
- Process development (1)
- Process upscaling (1)
- Proficiency testing (1)
- Proofreading deficient (1)
- Prospective risk assessment (1)
- Proteome (1)
- Proton conductivity (1)
- Pseudomonas fluorescens (1)
- Pseudomonas veronii (1)
- Ptinidae (1)
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health (1)
- Purification (1)
- Pyrolyse (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- Pyrometallurgie (1)
- Quasispecies (1)
- RNA interference (1)
- RNA-Seq (1)
- RNA-Sequencing (1)
- RNAi (1)
- Radio waves (1)
- Radiocarbon (1)
- Radon (1)
- Radon exhalation (1)
- Raman Spectroscopy (1)
- Raphael school (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Reactor conditions (1)
- Real-time qPCR (1)
- Recipes (1)
- Recovery potential (1)
- Recovery rate (1)
- Recycled gypsum (1)
- Recycled sources (1)
- Recyclingdüngemittel (1)
- Red Mud (1)
- Red mud (1)
- Redensarten (1)
- Reductive decomposition (1)
- Reductive defluorination (1)
- Reduktionsprozess (1)
- Reference materials (1)
- Reference method (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Reference organisms (1)
- Reference samples (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Relative agronomische Effizienz (RAE) (1)
- Religion (1)
- Rembrandt (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Research Data Infrastructure (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Research data management (1)
- Resistance model (1)
- Resource Recovery (1)
- Resources (1)
- Retentat (1)
- Reverse paintings on glass (1)
- Reworking (1)
- Rhenanite (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhizopus and Aspergillus oryzae (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rhizosphere effect (1)
- Rhizosphere processes (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Rice (1)
- Road construction waste (1)
- Robustness validation (1)
- Rock biofilm (1)
- Root economics space (1)
- Rostral gland (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- Rround robin test (1)
- Ruthenium (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SEM (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- SIMS (1)
- SVOC (1)
- Safety (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Sapphire (1)
- Sc recovery (1)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- Scanning micro-X-ray fluorescence (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) (1)
- Schmetterlinge (1)
- Scribal corrections (1)
- Secondary P-fertilizer (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Secondary raw materials (1)
- Selective Chlorination (1)
- Selective chlorination (1)
- Selective quantification (1)
- Self-assembled monolayer (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) (1)
- Semivolatile organic compounds (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Sequence annotation (1)
- Sets of archaeometric data (1)
- Setzmaschine (1)
- Sewage Sludge (1)
- Sewage Sludge Ashes (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (SSA) (1)
- Sewage sludge disposal (1)
- Short crack propagation (1)
- Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Silver (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Single cell microbiology (1)
- Sixteenth-century painting technique (1)
- Size (1)
- Size exclusion chromatography (1)
- Size resolved chemical composition (1)
- Social Immunity (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Social insect (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Sociality (1)
- Software (1)
- Soil contact (1)
- Soil incubation study (1)
- Soil-feeding habit (1)
- Soil-like material (1)
- Soils (1)
- Solar panels (1)
- Soldier (1)
- Solid phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solid-liquid extraction (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solitary bees (1)
- Solute excretion (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Solvolyse (1)
- Solvolysis (1)
- Sorption (1)
- Spectral imaging (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Sprache (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Standsicherheit (1)
- Steelmaking residues (1)
- Stoichiometric homeostasis (1)
- Stone cultural heritage (1)
- Stop/flow experiments model (1)
- Strategy and Management (1)
- Stress conditions (1)
- Sub-4nm particles (1)
- Subjective complaints (1)
- Subsocial (1)
- Subsoil nutrient tracing (1)
- Sugar cane bagasse (1)
- Sum parameter (1)
- Sum parameter analysis (1)
- Suppression (1)
- Surface interactions (1)
- Surface water (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Survival rates (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Synergy (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Synthetic metabolism (1)
- Synthetic organic pigments (1)
- Systematics (1)
- Tannins (1)
- Targeted and nontargeted (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Temperate rain forest (1)
- Temperature and humidity (1)
- Temple Scroll (1)
- Tems (1)
- Terbutryn (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Termiten (1)
- Termitoidae (1)
- Textilschädling (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermal degradation (1)
- Thermo-desorption (1)
- Thermocouple (1)
- Thermodynamic (1)
- Thioimidazolium (1)
- Time resolved chemical composition (1)
- Torah (1)
- Torah scrolls (1)
- Touch surfaces (1)
- Transition metals (1)
- Tripartite interactions (1)
- UV radiation (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- Ultrastructure (1)
- Umwelt (1)
- Umweltmessung (1)
- Umweltsimulation (1)
- Umweltverträglichkeit (1)
- Up-cycling (1)
- UpConversion (1)
- Urban mining (1)
- Ureolytic bacteria (1)
- Utilisation (1)
- VOC emission (1)
- VOC-Emission (1)
- VOC-emission (1)
- Validation trial (1)
- Vanadium (1)
- Vasari (1)
- Vegetationsversuche (1)
- Vererbung (1)
- Vergleichende Linguistik (1)
- Verwertung (1)
- Viruses (1)
- Vitrine (1)
- Vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Vorsorgewerte (1)
- Waste (1)
- Waste incineration (1)
- Waste management (1)
- Waste water (1)
- Water (1)
- Water analysis (1)
- Water atmosphere (1)
- Water contact (1)
- Water stable isotope analysis (1)
- Water uptake (1)
- Weld fatigue (1)
- Weld toe geometry (1)
- Wet-mechanical treatment (1)
- White-rot fungi (1)
- Wood Modification (1)
- Wood ash (1)
- Wood samples (1)
- Wooden toys (1)
- Writing materials (1)
- X-Ray analysis (1)
- X-Ray flourescence spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) (1)
- X-ray fuorescence (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- XRF imaging (1)
- XRF ink analysis (1)
- Yeast (1)
- ZIF (1)
- ZIF-8 (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zearalenone sulfate (1)
- Zentrat (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zinc chloride (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- Zinnschlacke (1)
- a-zearalenol (1)
- dsDAN monolayer (1)
- fertilizer (1)
- iChip (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- openBIS (1)
- pH probe (1)
- pH sensor (1)
- qPCR (1)
- soil (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
- x-ray diffraction (1)
- ‘Green’ pesticide (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (335)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (93)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (71)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (56)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (53)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (42)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (38)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (33)
- 6 Materialchemie (31)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (12)
Paper des Monats
- ja (18)
Vaccination is defined as the stimulation and development of the adaptive immune system by administering specific antigens. Vaccines' efficacy, in inducing immunity, varies in different societies due to economic, social, and biological conditions. One of the influential biological factors is gut microbiota. Cross-talks between gut bacteria and the host immune system are initiated at birth during microbial colonization and directly control the immune responses and protection against pathogen colonization. Imbalances in the gut microbiota composition, termed dysbiosis, can trigger several immune disorders through the activity of the adaptive immune system and impair the adequate response to the vaccination. The bacteria used in probiotics are often members of the gut microbiota, which have health benefits for the host. Probiotics are generally consumed as a component of fermented foods, affect both innate and acquired immune systems, and decrease infections. This review aimed to discuss the gut microbiota's role in regulating immune responses to vaccination and how probiotics can help induce immune responses against pathogens. Finally, probiotic-based oral vaccines and their efficacy have been discussed.
Release of substances from joint grouts based on various binder types and their ecotoxic effects
(2022)
Background: The leaching of substances and the ecotoxic effects of eluates were studied for joint grouts that are based on various types of binders. Eight products, two of them containing either epoxy resin, polybutadiene or polyurethane binders, or modifed cement, were investigated using harmonized leaching tests for construction products in combination with ecotoxicity tests on algae, daphnia, luminescent bacteria, fish eggs and mutagenicity in accordance with CEN/TR 17105. In addition to basic parameters, such as pH, TOC, and inorganic components, organic substances in the eluates were analysed by gas and liquid chromatography in combination with mass spectrometry. Quantitative analyses in combination with ecotoxicity data on selected substances were used to deduce which substances cause the observed ecotoxic effects.
Results: Different patterns of ecotoxic effects were observed in joint grouts with different binder types. The most ecotoxic effects were observed in epoxy resin-based products, followed by polybutadiene-based products. Fewer ecotoxic effects were observed in polyurethane-based products and modifed cements. Some of these showed no ecotoxicity. Some of the substances in the eluates were identified and related to ecotoxic effects. 4-Tert-butylphenol and amines probably contributed to the ecotoxic effects of at least one of the epoxy resin-based renders, whereas cobalt is assumed to contribute to the toxic effect on algae of one of the polybutadiene-based products. However, only some of the leached substances could be identifed, and only some of the ecotoxic effects can be explained by the available information on the composition of eluates and known ecotoxic profiles of the identified substances.
Conclusions: Ecotoxicity tests on eluates from leaching tests indicate whether environmentally hazardous substances can be leached from construction products. Combined ecotoxicity tests and chemical analysis of eluates from EU-wide harmonized leaching tests for construction products can provide information on substances that cause these effects. This supports the identifcation and development of environmentally friendly construction products.
This study confirmed that ecotoxicity tests in accordance with CEN/TR 17105 are a tool well-suited to support the implementation of the European Commission’s zero pollution vision for 2050 and to reduce pollution to levels no longer considered harmful to health and natural ecosystems.
The development of the microbiologically influenced corrosion ( MIC ) -specific inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry ( ICP-ToF-MS ) analytical method presented here, in combination with the investigation of steel-MIC interactions, contributes significantly to progress in instrumental MIC analysis. For this, a MIC-specific staining procedure was developed, which ensures the analysis of intact cells. It allows the analysis of archaea at a single cell level, which is extremely scarce compared to other well-characterized organisms. The detection method revealed elemental selectivity for the corrosive methanogenic strain Methanobacterium -affiliated IM1. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples was investigated and results showed the cells responded at a single-cell level to the different types of supplemented elements and displayed the abilities to uptake chromium, vanadium, titanium, cobalt, and molybdenum from solid metal surfaces. The methods developed and information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms, compliment well-developed methods, such as SEM-EDS, and develop novel material protection concepts.
Weather conditions affect biocides on exposed outer surfaces on constructions. Contact with water causes hydrolysis and leaching of substances. Ultraviolet radiation may induce photolysis. As a result, a mixture of biocidal active substances and transformation products can be emitted into the environment. In a semi-field study, leaching of the biocidal active substances terbutryn, diuron, octylisothiazolinone, carbendazim, and selected transformation products was observed for two paints containing either a white or a red pigment. Painted test panels were exposed to natural weathering for about 1.5 years. Runoff samples were analyzed during the course of the experiment.
At the end of the study, residues of biocidal active substances and transformation products were determined in sections of the test panels. Emissions of substances were mainly observed during the first few months of the experiments. Increased emissions of transformation products were observed during periods of increased global radiation and subsequent periods with relatively high amounts of driving rain. Different patterns of transformation products were observed, especially for terbutryn, both for paints containing different pigments and in experiments that were started in different periods of the year, as well as during different periods of the experiments.
Nutrient acquisition strategies of plants regulate water flow and mass transport within ecosystems, shaping earth surface processes. Understanding plant strategies under current conditions is important to assess and predict responses of natural ecosystems to future climate and environmental changes. Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) (re-)utilization from topsoil and their acquisition from subsoil and saprolite were evaluated in a continental transect, encompassing three study sites – an arid shrubland, a mediterranean woodland, and a temperate rainforest – on similar granitoid parent material in the Chilean Coastal Cordillera. The short-term (<1 year) plant N and K acquisition was traced with 15N and the K analogs rubidium and cesium. To do so, the tracers were either injected into topsoil, subsoil, or saprolite, in the immediate vicinity of eight individual plants per study site and injection depth. The long-term (>decades) K uplift by plants was investigated by the vertical distribution of exchangeable K+ and Na+. Recoveries of 15N and K analogs by arid shrubland plants were similar from topsoil, subsoil, and saprolite. Mediterranean woodland shrubs recovered the tracers primarily from topsoil (i.e., 89 % of recovered 15N and 84 % of recovered K analogs). Forest plants recovered the tracers from topsoil (15N = 49 %, K analogs = 57 %) and partially from greater depth: 38 % of recovered 15N and 43 % of recovered K analogs were acquired from subsoil and saprolite, respectively. Low nutrient accessibility in the topsoil (e.g., because of frequent droughts) drives shrubland plants to expand their N and K uptake to deeper and moister soil and saprolite. Woodland and forest plants dominantly recycled nutrients from topsoil. In the forest, this strategy was complemented by short-term uplift of N and K from depth. The vertical distribution of exchangeable K indicated long-term uplift of K by roots in all three sites. This highlighted that long-term K uplift from depth complements the nutrient budget across the continental transect.
In an interdisciplinary collaboration, restorers, art historians, and scientists examined Guilio Romano’s The Madonna with the Wash-Basin of 1525 (Dresden State Art Collections). Insights into the painting technique along with art historical comparisons provided the opportunity for a better understanding of the painting’s genesis, in particular concerning an early reworking of the background by the artist. A recovery and reconstruction of the earlier version of the background is now possible. The discovery of zinc in distinct passages of the painting, as well as the grey-black pigment stibnite and glass particles used as a supplement in paint layers are of special interest. The technological investigation initiated a discussion about the circumstances of the revision, as well as the painting’s relation to Vasari’s Lives of Artists.
Buildings exposed to water can release undesirable substances which, once transported to environmental compartments, may cause unwanted effects. These exposure pathways need to be investigated and included in risk assessments to safeguard water quality and promote the sustainability of construction materials. The applied materials, exposure conditions, distribution routes and resilience of receiving compartments vary considerably. This demonstrates the need for a consistent concept that integrates knowledge of emission sources, leaching processes, transport pathways, and effects on targets. Such a consistent concept can serve as the basis for environmental risk assessment for several scenarios using experimentally determined emissions. Typically, a source–path–target concept integrates data from standardized leaching tests and models to describe leaching processes, the distribution of substances in the environment and the occurrence of substances at different points of compliance. This article presents an integrated concept for assessing the environmental impact of construction products on aquatic systems and unravels currently existing gaps and necessary actions. This manuscript outlines a source–path–target concept applicable to a large variety of construction products. It is intended to highlight key elements of a holistic evaluation concept that could assist authorities in developing procedures for environmental risk assessments and mitigation measures and identifying knowledge gaps.
Nine different bacterial isolates were recovered from landfills. Each isolate was obtained in pure culture. As a consortium, the bacteria degrade polyethylene. The complete genome sequence of strain G9 was determined by PacBio sequencing. Using the TYGS server for taxonomic classification, strain G9 was assigned to the species Micromonospora aurantiaca.
Evolution relies on the availability of genetic diversity for fitness-based selection. However, most deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) viruses employ DNA polymerases (Pol) capable of exonucleolytic proofreading to limit mutation rates during DNA replication. The relative genetic stability produced by high-fidelity genome replication can make studying DNA virus adaptation and evolution an intensive endeavor, especially in slowly replicating viruses. Here, we present a proofreading-impaired Pol mutant (Y547S) of Marek’s disease virus that exhibits a hypermutator phenotype while maintaining unimpaired growth in vitro and wild-type (WT)-like pathogenicity in vivo. At the same time, mutation frequencies observed in Y547S virus populations are 2–5-fold higher compared to the parental WT virus. We find that Y547S adapts faster to growth in originally non-permissive cells, evades pressure conferred by antiviral inhibitors more efficiently, and is more easily attenuated by serial passage in cultured cells compared to WT. Our results suggest that hypermutator viruses can serve as a tool to accelerate evolutionary processes and help identify key genetic changes required for adaptation to novel host cells and resistance to antiviral therapy. Similarly, the rapid attenuation achieved through adaptation of hypermutators to growth in cell culture enables identification of genetic changes underlying attenuation and virulence, knowledge that could practically exploited, e.g. in the rational design of vaccines.
Rock weathering is a key process in global elemental cycling. Life participates in this process with tangible consequences observed from the mineral interface to the planetary scale. Multiple lines of evidence show that microorganisms may play a pivotal—yet overlooked—role in weathering. This topic is reviewed here with an emphasis on the following questions that remain unanswered: What is the quantitative contribution of bacteria and fungi to weathering? What are the associated mechanisms and do they leave characteristic imprints on mineral surfaces or in the geological record? Does biogenic weathering fulfill an ecological function, or does it occur as a side effect of unrelated metabolic functions and biological processes? An overview of efforts to integrate the contribution of living organisms into reactive transport models is provided. We also highlight prospective opportunities to harness microbial weathering in order to support sustainable agroforestry practices and mining activities, soil remediation, and carbon sequestration.
The diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique shows in many publications a superior correlation to the amount of plant-available phosphorus (P) in soil. However, this technique cannot give information on the plant-available P species in soil. Therefore, we combined DGT with solution 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. This was achieved by using a modified DGT device in which the diffusive layer had a larger pore size, the binding layer incorporated an adsorption material with a higher capacity, and the device had a larger exposure area. The spectroscopic investigation was undertaken after elution of the deployed DGT binding layer in a NaOH solution. Adsorption tests using solutions of known organic P compounds showed that a sufficient amount of these compounds could be adsorbed on the binding layer in order for them to be analyzed by solution 31P NMR spectroscopy. Furthermore, various intermediates of the hydrolysis of trimetaphosphate in soil could be also analyzed over time.
Black microcolonial fungi (Ascomycetes from Arthonio-, Dothideo-, and Eurotiomycetes) are stress-tolerant and persistent dwellers of natural and anthropogenic extreme habitats. They exhibit slow yeast-like or meristematic growth, do not form specialized reproduction structures and accumulate the black pigment 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin in the multilayered cell walls. To understand how black fungi live, survive, colonize mineral substrates, and interact with phototrophs genetic methods are needed to test these functions and interactions. We chose the rock inhabitant Knufia petricola of the Chaetothyriales as a model for developing methods for genetic manipulation. Here, we report on the expansion of the genetic toolkit by more efficient multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 using a plasmid-based system for expression of Cas9 and multiple sgRNAs and the implementation of the three resistance selection markers genR (geneticin/nptII), baR (glufosinate/bar), and suR (chlorimuron ethyl/sur). The targeted integration of expression constructs by replacement of essential genes for pigment synthesis allows for an additional color screening of the transformants. The black-pink screening due to the elimination of pks1 (melanin) was applied for promoter studies using GFP fluorescence as reporter. The black-white screening due to the concurrent elimination of pks1 and phs1 (carotenoids) allows to identify transformants that contain the two expression constructs for co-localization or bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) studies. The co-localization and interaction of the two K. petricola White Collar orthologs were demonstrated. Two intergenic regions (igr1, igr2) were identified in which expression constructs can be inserted without causing obvious phenotypes. Plasmids of the pNXR-XXX series and new compatible entry plasmids were used for fast and easy generation of expression constructs and are suitable for a broad implementation in other fungi. This variety of genetic tools is opening a completely new perspective for mechanistic and very detailed study of expression, functioning and regulation of the genes/proteins encoded by the genomes of black fungi.
The environmental impact assessment of materials is usually based on laboratory tests, mostly in combination with models describing the longterm fate of the substances of interest in the targeted environmental compartment. Thus, laboratory tests are the fundamental link to achieve appropriate assessment conclusions which makes it essential to generate consistent results. This just as applies to the leaching of cementitious materials. In Europe, the leaching behavior of monolithic building materials is tested in the Dynamic Surface Leaching Test following the specification CEN/TS 16637–2. An interlaboratory comparison on European level regarding this technical specification showed relatively high intra- and interlaboratory variations for the tested materials (monolithic copper slag and cement stabilized coal fly ash). Therefore the German Committee for Structural Concrete (DAfStb) framed a guideline to specify additional testing conditions for cementitious materials. To assess the possible improvement by this guidelines measures, a round robin test with 11 participants from Germany and the Netherlands was conducted. This work aims to provide insight into the factors to be considered in the testing of alkaline materials, including sample preparation, and highlights crucial procedures and their manifestation in the results. All evaluated parameters showed improved results compared to the earlier round robin test. The relative standard deviations for repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDR) of the elements calcium, barium, antimony, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium, which are the parameters evaluated in both round robin tests, were RSDr = 4%, 4%, 2%, 5%, 5%, and 5% respectively (4% in average) for this work, in comparison to the European round robin test with an average RSDr of 29% (17%, 17%, 20%, 40%, 36%, and 42%). The RSDR improved from 41% (30%, 36%, 29%, 57%, 40%, and 56%) to 14% (12%, 8%, 6%, 28%, 15%, and 12%). CO2 ingress during testing and the inaccuracy of eluate analytics for concentrations close to the determination limits were identified as the main sources of error.
Herein we report the synthesis of a zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) by an easy “mix and wait” procedure. In a closed vial, without any interference, the mixture of 2-methylimidazole and basic zinc carbonate assembles into the crystalline product with approx. 90% conversion after 70 h. The reaction exhibits sigmoidal kinetics due to the self-generated water which accelerates the reaction.
The use of highly water-soluble phosphorus (P) fertilizers can lead to P fixation in the soil, reducing fertilization efficiency. Waste-derived, low water-solubility sources can potentially increase sugarcane’s P uptake compared to triple superphosphate by reducing adsorption to the soil.
Aims:We aimed to test struvite, hazenite, and AshDec® for their agronomic potential as recycled fertilizers for sugarcane production in a typical tropical soil.We hypothesize that these sources can reduce P fixation in the soil, increasing its availability and sugarcane’s absorption.
Methods: In a greenhouse pot experiment, two consecutive sugarcane cycles, 90 days each, were conducted in a Ferralsol. The recovered sources struvite, hazenite, AshDec®, and the conventional triple superphosphate were mixed in the soil in three P doses (30, 60, and 90 mg kg–1), aside a control (nil-P). At both harvests, sugarcane number of sprouts, plant height, stem diameter, dry mass yield, shoot phosphorus, and soil P fractionation were investigated.
Results: At 90 days, struvite and hazenite performed better for dry mass yield (70.7 and 68.3 g pot–1, respectively) than AshDec® and triple superphosphate (59.8 and 57.4 g pot–1, respectively) and for shoot P, with 98.1, 91.6, 75.6, and 66.3 mg pot–1, respectively. At 180 days, struvite outperformed all treatments for dry mass yield (95.3 g pot–1) and AshDec® (75.5 mg pot–1) for shoot P. Struvite was 38% and hazenite 21% more efficient than triple superphosphate in P uptake, while AshDec® was 6% less efficient. Soil had higher labile P under struvite, hazenite, and AshDec® than triple superphosphate by the end of the first cycle, while only the later increased nonlabile P by the end of the experiment (180 days).
Conclusions:Waste-derived P sources were more efficient in supplying P for sugarcane and delivering labile P in 180 days than triple superphosphate.
Pseudomonas fluorescens (Gram-negative) bacteria purchased from Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures were analyzed using high-resolution x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at near ambient pressure conditions (NAP-XPS), 1500 Pa water vapor atmosphere. Fresh layers of P. fluorescence bacteria were grown on Luria Broth agar plates. Bacteria were taken from the agar plate with a sterile spatula and gently spread on a Si-wafer piece for NAP-XPS analysis. The NAP-XPS spectra of the bacterial envelope of P. fluorescence were obtained using monochromatic Al Kα radiation and include a survey scan and high-resolution spectra of C 1s, N 1s, P 2p, and O 1s as well. The presentation of the C 1s high-resolution spectrum includes the results of peak fitting analysis.
Future nutrient recovery from sewage sludge regarding three different scenarios - German case study
(2022)
Agricultural sewage sludge utilization becomes less important in Germany. In 2017, new fertilizer and waste laws caused the agricultural sewage sludge utilization to collapse by more than a quarter. From 2029, German wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) must recover phosphorus (P) from sewage sludge if it contains more than 2 wt % P. Agricultural utilization will be prohibited for large WWTPs >100,000 population equivalents (pe) from 2029 and >50,000 pe from 2032. In Germany, each federal state must annually report amounts and quality of agriculturally utilized sewage sludge which was 16% of the total disposal in 2019. The reports of 10 states were evaluated for 2016 and 2017 representing approx. 60% of the total agriculturally used sludge volume. In 2016, 60% of the WWTPs’ sludges exceeded the recovery limit of 2 wt % P which is 70% of the amount of sludge and 85% of the phosphorus load. Other nutrients are not affected by the recovery obligation. However, many P recovery processes recover other nutrients, too. Considering three different scenarios for future German sewage sludge disposal shows that 70–77% of the P load in sewage sludge will probably be recovered in the future. At the same time, this applies for about 0–16% nitrogen, 36–52% of calcium, 31–53% of potassium, and 40–52% of magnesium. However, these recovered nutrients loads can substitute only 1% or less of the commercial fertilizer demand except from phosphorus which is up to 43% of the demand.
The pressing need for novel bioproduction approaches faces a limitation in the number and type of molecules accessed through synthetic biology. Halogenation is widely used for tuning physicochemical properties of molecules and polymers, but traditional halogenation chemistry often lacks specificity and generates harmful by-products. Here, we pose that deploying synthetic metabolism tailored for biohalogenation represents an unique opportunity towards economically attractive and environmentally friendly organohalide production. On this background, we discuss growth-coupled selection of functional metabolic modules that harness the rich repertoire of biosynthetic and biodegradation capabilities of environmental bacteria for in vivo biohalogenation. By rationally combining these approaches, the chemical landscape of Living cells can accommodate bioproduction of added-value organohalides which, as of today, are obtained by traditional chemistry.
Here, we describe an optimized fast and simple extraction method for the determination of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) in soils utilizing high resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR–CS–GFMAS). To omit the bias of the solid phase extraction (SPE) step commonly used during the analysis of extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) we optimized a fast and simple SPE-free extraction method. The developed extraction method consists of a liquid-solid extraction using acidified methanol without any additional SPE. Four extraction steps were representative to determine a high proportion of the EOF (>80% of eight extractions). Comparison of the optimized method with and without an additional SPE clean-up step revealed a drastic underestimation of EOF concentrations using SPE. Differences of up to 94% were observed which were not explainable by coextracted inorganic fluoride. Therefore, not only a more accurate but also a more economic as well as ecologic method (bypassing of unnecessary SPE) was developed. The procedural limit of quantification (LOQ) of the developed method was 10.30 μg/kg which was sufficient for quantifying EOF concentrations in all tested samples. For future PFAS monitoring and potential regulative decisions the herein presented optimized extraction method can offer a valuable contribution.
Plants and microorganisms, besides the climate, drive nitrogen (N) cycling in ecosystems. Our objective was to investigate N losses and N acquisition strategies along a unique ecosystem-sequence (ecosequence) ranging from arid shrubland through Mediterranean woodland to temperate rainforest. These ecosystems differ in mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperate, and vegetation cover, but developed on similar granitoid soil parent material, were addressed using a combination of molecular biology and soil biogeochemical tools. Soil N and carbon (C) contents, δ15N signatures, activities of N acquiring extracellular enzymes as well as the abundance of soil bacteria and fungi, and diazotrophs in bulk topsoil and rhizosphere were determined. Relative fungal abundance in the rhizosphere was higher under woodland and forest than under shrubland. This indicates toward plants' higher C investment into fungi in the Mediterranean and temperate rainforest sites than in the arid site. Fungi are likely to decompose lignified forest litter for efficient recycling of litter-derived N and further nutrients. Rhizosphere—a hotspot for the N fixation—was enriched in diazotrophs (factor 8 to 16 in comparison to bulk topsoil) emphasizing the general importance of root/microbe association in N cycle. These results show that the temperate rainforest is an N acquiring ecosystem, whereas N in the arid shrubland is strongly recycled. Simultaneously, the strongest 15N enrichment with decreasing N content with depth was detected in the Mediterranean woodland, indicating that N mineralization and loss is highest (and likely the fastest) in the woodland across the continental transect. Higher relative aminopeptidase activities in the woodland than in the forest enabled a fast N mineralization. Relative aminopeptidase activities were highest in the arid shrubland. The highest absolute chitinase activities were observed in the forest. This likely demonstrates that (a) plants and microorganisms in the arid shrubland invest largely into mobilization and reutilization of organically bound N by exoenzymes, and (b) that the ecosystem N nutrition shifts from a peptide-based N in the arid shrubland to a peptide- and chitin-based N nutrition in the temperate rainforest, where the high N demand is complemented by intensive N fixation in the rhizosphere.