4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (273) (entfernen)
Sprache
- Englisch (273) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (273)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (20)
- Antimicrobial resistance (19)
- Ink (14)
- Biofilms (12)
- MIC (10)
- Antimicrobial coating (9)
- Bacteria (9)
- Corrosion (9)
- Recycling (9)
- Evolution (8)
- XRF (8)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (7)
- PFAS (7)
- Phosphorus recovery (7)
- Risk assessment (7)
- Standardization (7)
- Black fungi (6)
- E. coli (6)
- Manuscript (6)
- Methanogens (6)
- Nano (6)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (6)
- Sewage sludge (6)
- Soil (6)
- Termite (6)
- BOFS (5)
- Disinfection (5)
- Genetics (5)
- Hydraulic reactivity (5)
- NAP-XPS (5)
- Tolerance (5)
- XANES spectroscopy (5)
- Aerosol (4)
- Alginate (4)
- Archaeometry (4)
- Biocide (4)
- Cascade impactor (4)
- Ecotoxicity (4)
- Fungus (4)
- Inks (4)
- Leaching (4)
- Manuscripts (4)
- Melanin (4)
- OECD (4)
- Phosphorus (4)
- Pigments (4)
- TXRF (4)
- VOC (4)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (4)
- Antibiotics (3)
- Archaea (3)
- Carbon Fibers (3)
- Carbon steel (3)
- Combustion ion chromatography (3)
- Coptic (3)
- Cultural heritage (3)
- Environmental simulation (3)
- Fertilizer (3)
- Glutaraldehyde (3)
- Gypsum (3)
- HP14 (3)
- Heterogeneity (3)
- Immune gene family (3)
- Immunity (3)
- Indoor air quality (3)
- Ink analyses (3)
- Iron-gall ink (3)
- Knufia petricola (3)
- Light (3)
- Material science (3)
- Mechanochemical treatment (3)
- Methanogen (3)
- Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Microbiology (3)
- Nanomaterial (3)
- Non destructive analytical techniques (3)
- Phenotypic diversity (3)
- Pigment (3)
- Portland Cement (3)
- Pyrometallurgy (3)
- Raman spectroscopy (3)
- Recycling materials (3)
- Resistance (3)
- Reverse glass painting (3)
- Spectroscopy (3)
- Sulfate reducing bacteria (3)
- Test guideline (3)
- Virus (3)
- XRF analysis (3)
- 3D printing (2)
- Air quality monitoring (2)
- Analytical method (2)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (2)
- Arabic Recipes (2)
- Architecture (2)
- BEMMA (2)
- Bauxite Residue (2)
- Bio-weathering (2)
- Biocide tolerance (2)
- Biofilm (2)
- Black fungus (2)
- CDW processing (2)
- CFK (2)
- CSMC (2)
- Cabonfasern (2)
- Cairo Genizah (2)
- Chemical analysis (2)
- Chemical durability (2)
- Chinese paper (2)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (2)
- Construction products (2)
- Corrosion products (2)
- Cross-resistance (2)
- DRIFTS (2)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (2)
- Disinfectants (2)
- EN 16516 (2)
- Electric Arc Furnace (2)
- Elektroofenstaub (2)
- Element mass concentration (2)
- Emerging (2)
- Emission (2)
- Emission reference material (2)
- Emission reference materials (2)
- Environmental Simulation (2)
- Environmental evaluation (2)
- Eusociality (2)
- Extremotolerance (2)
- FFF-3D-Printer (2)
- Fungal biofilms (2)
- Fungi (2)
- Genomics (2)
- Geosynthetics (2)
- Gichtgasschlamm (2)
- Glass (2)
- Group defence (2)
- Horizontal gene transfer (2)
- Humboldt Codices (2)
- Hydrogen (2)
- ICP-MS (2)
- ISO 16000-6 (2)
- In-situ analysis (2)
- Ink composition (2)
- Inkwells (2)
- Interdisciplinary (2)
- Knufia (2)
- Korrosion (2)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (2)
- Low melting (2)
- Manuscript studies (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Microbial (2)
- Middle Ages (2)
- Modelling studies (2)
- Museum (2)
- Museum Pests (2)
- Mutation rate (2)
- Nanomaterials (2)
- Olivine (2)
- Papyrus (2)
- Particles (2)
- Particulate emission (2)
- Pathogen (2)
- Persian manuscripts (2)
- Phopshorus recovery (2)
- Pollutants (2)
- Recycling fertiliser (2)
- Recycling fertilisers (2)
- Red Mud (2)
- Reference material (2)
- Remediation (2)
- Ressourcenrückgewinnung (2)
- Robustness studies (2)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (2)
- Scandium (2)
- Sewage sludge ordinance (2)
- Single cell analysis (2)
- Size (2)
- Solar panel (2)
- Standardisation (2)
- Steelmaking (2)
- Stress (2)
- Tantalum (2)
- Termite phylogeny (2)
- Total reflection X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- Transformation (2)
- UV radiation (2)
- Ultrafine particles (2)
- VVOCs (2)
- Volatile organic compounds (2)
- Waste management (2)
- Weathering (2)
- XANES (2)
- XPS (2)
- Zink (2)
- melanin (2)
- 3D Printing (1)
- 3D inspection (1)
- AMR (1)
- ASAP-MS (1)
- ATR (1)
- Academia (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone receptor (1)
- Aerosol measurements (1)
- Aerosol spectroscopy (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aging test (1)
- Air quality (1)
- Airborne Particles (1)
- Alite (1)
- Alite hydraulic reactivity (1)
- Alkali zinc borate glass (1)
- Ambient aerosol (1)
- Ambient aerosols (1)
- Ambient air (1)
- Ambient air pollution (1)
- Ammonium (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Ancient INKS (1)
- Anobium punctatum (1)
- Anoxia (1)
- Antibiotic (1)
- Antimicrobial Resistance (1)
- Antimicrobials (1)
- Apanteles carpatus (1)
- Arabic recipes (1)
- Ascomycetes (1)
- Ashdec (1)
- Autoclave tests (1)
- BODIPY dye (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial adhesion (1)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Bacterial infection (1)
- Bagasse (1)
- Baryscapus tineivorus (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Bee (1)
- Bees (1)
- Beständigkeit (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biofilm formation (1)
- Biofilm growth (1)
- Bioilm (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biological Control (1)
- Biosphere-technosphere interaction (1)
- Black Ink (1)
- Blast furnace sludge (1)
- Blattodea (1)
- Blue Angel ecolabel (1)
- Botrytis (1)
- Botrytis cinerea (1)
- Bottom ash (1)
- Building products (1)
- CFRP (1)
- CIC (1)
- CO2 assisted impregnation (1)
- COST Action (1)
- CRM (1)
- Calcium silicate (1)
- Calcium sulfate (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Carbide formation (1)
- Carbon feeding (1)
- Carbon ink (1)
- Carbon steel corrosion (1)
- Carotenoids (1)
- Cast iron (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Chemical characterization (1)
- Chemical composition (1)
- Chinese Paper (1)
- Chromium (1)
- Clinker substitute (1)
- Coastal protection (1)
- Cockroach (1)
- Codicology (1)
- Conditioning layer (1)
- Construction Products (1)
- Construction and demolition waste (1)
- Consumer products (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Controllable gene expression (1)
- Controlled release fertilisers (1)
- Core/shell nanoparticle (1)
- Corrosion product (1)
- Corynetes caeruleus (1)
- Crispr/Cas9 (1)
- Cultural Entomology (1)
- Cultural Heritage (1)
- Culuative energy demand (1)
- DGT (1)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (1)
- Deponie (1)
- Deponiebau (1)
- Desiccation (1)
- Design of experiments (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive sampling (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Disease (1)
- Dispay case (1)
- Display case (1)
- Drawing (1)
- Drawings (1)
- Dyes (1)
- E$volution (1)
- EOF (1)
- EOF/AOF (1)
- EU EMPIR (1)
- EU regulations (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ectoine (1)
- Edible insects (1)
- Effective uptake rate (1)
- Efflux (1)
- Electric arc furnace dust (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Element analysis (1)
- Element mass concetration (1)
- Emerging Contaminants (1)
- Emission Test Chamber (1)
- Emission Testing (1)
- Emission chambers (1)
- Emission test chamber (1)
- Emission test chamber procedure (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Emissions (1)
- Emissions of hazardous gases (1)
- Emisson testing (1)
- Enamel colors (1)
- Environmental friendly (1)
- European research area (1)
- Exposure risk (1)
- Extreme environments (1)
- Extremophilic fungi (1)
- FEM model (1)
- FIB/SEM (1)
- FTIR (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Feeding behaviour (1)
- Fibre analysis (1)
- Filament comparison (1)
- Flow Model (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Flow-system (1)
- Fluor XANES (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluorometric sensing (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Fume (1)
- Gas chromatography (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gene network (1)
- Genetic tools (1)
- Genome editing (1)
- Geogitter (1)
- Geokunststoffe (1)
- Glass scanning (1)
- Gold (1)
- Green pesticide (1)
- Greenhouse gas balance (1)
- Gut microbiota (1)
- HAXPES (1)
- HI-Tension (1)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Herculaneum (1)
- Historic ink (1)
- Horizontal gene transfer HGT (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus (1)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (1)
- Illness-induced anorexia (1)
- In situ (1)
- Incineration bottom ash (1)
- Indoor Air Quality (1)
- Indoor Products (1)
- Indoor emission (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Initial attachment (1)
- Ink terminology (1)
- Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Ir DNA staining approach (1)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- Jewish cultures (1)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (1)
- Lake Cadagno (1)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) (1)
- Laser Printer (1)
- Laser processing (1)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Leather (1)
- Light regulation (1)
- Light sensing (1)
- Light-induced stress (1)
- Lightning talk (1)
- Lightweighting (1)
- Low cost aerosol PM sensor (1)
- Lysimeter, Antimony (1)
- MIC Island (1)
- MSWI bottom ash (1)
- Marble (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Mass spectroscopy (1)
- Material emissions testing (1)
- Material surface colonisation (1)
- Materials emissions test (1)
- Materials emissions testing (1)
- Materials flow (1)
- Melanins (1)
- Metal reducing bacteria (1)
- Metallic silver precipitates (1)
- Metalls (1)
- Metals (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Method development (1)
- Microbial communities (1)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microorganism (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrobiell (1)
- Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (1)
- Mineral weathering (1)
- Mircobially influcenced corrosion (1)
- Model (1)
- Model organism (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Mutagenesis (1)
- NDT (1)
- NFDI (1)
- NIR reflectography (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano particle (1)
- Nano@BAM (1)
- NanoSIMS (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanoparticle (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- Nitrate (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Non-destructiv testing (1)
- Non-destructive testing (1)
- Nostoc (1)
- Novel sample preparation techniques (1)
- Nuclear waste disposal (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Office machines (1)
- Operating Procedure (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Ordinance on Contaminated Sites and Soil Protection (1)
- P-recovery (1)
- PAH (1)
- PE-HD (1)
- PFAS analysis (1)
- PFAS analytics (1)
- PM (1)
- Paints (1)
- Paper (1)
- Paper tinting (1)
- Parchment (1)
- Particle (1)
- Particle Size (1)
- Particle gas emission (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Particulate emissions (1)
- Partikeln (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Perfluorierte Verbindungen (1)
- Performance comparison (1)
- Persian manuscript (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Phase separation (1)
- Photoperception (1)
- Phototrophic bacteria (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plastic biofilm (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plume (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Preferential binding (1)
- Process control (1)
- Process monitoring (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Push-out Test (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Quality assurance/quality control (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- REACH (1)
- Raman (1)
- Recovery (1)
- Red chalk (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Reduction process (1)
- Reference data (1)
- Reference materials (1)
- Reference method (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- Reflectography (1)
- Release kinetics (1)
- Rembrandt (1)
- Resistance evolution (1)
- Restoration and conservation (1)
- Rock-inhabiting black fungi (1)
- Rock-inhabiting fungus (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- SEM-EDS (1)
- SERS (1)
- SOP (1)
- SRB (1)
- Sanierung (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Secondary Recources (1)
- Secondary building materials (1)
- Secondary metabolism (1)
- Secondary resources (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Selective chlorination (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (1)
- Sewage sludge incineration (1)
- Silver diffusion (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Size distribution (1)
- Size resolved chemical composition (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Social (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Soil P species (1)
- Soil-like material (1)
- Soil-like materials (1)
- Solar parks (1)
- Spatter (1)
- Stained glass (1)
- Stainless steel (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Steelmaking slag (1)
- Stress tolerance (1)
- Structured light scanning (1)
- Subaerial biofilm (1)
- Sum parameter analysis (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Synchotron (1)
- Tanning (1)
- Termites (1)
- Test Guideline (1)
- Test method (1)
- Test strip (1)
- Teststreifen (1)
- Thermal Desorption (1)
- Thermal Extraction (1)
- Thermal desorption (1)
- Thermal imaging (1)
- Thermal properties (1)
- Thermal treatment (1)
- Thermoplastic filaments (1)
- Time resolved chemical composition (1)
- Tineola bisselliella (1)
- Tinting (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Torah Scrolls (1)
- Trait-based ecology (1)
- Transposon (1)
- UFP (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV tolerance (1)
- UV-VIS Reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- UV-VIS reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- Utilization (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VIS (1)
- VOC Emission (1)
- VOC transfer standards (1)
- VOC-emission (1)
- Virulence (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- Vues des Cordillères (1)
- WKI flask method (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Weathering tests (1)
- Wooden toys (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence analyses (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- X-ray spectroscopic techniques (1)
- XRF-, VIS- FTIR-spectroscopy (1)
- Zinc (1)
- black fungus (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- fungus (1)
- genetics (1)
- historic inks (1)
- individual-based modelling (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- multi scale testing (1)
- pigmentation (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (273)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (73)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (48)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (44)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (41)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (39)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (37)
- 6 Materialchemie (23)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (17)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (13)
Monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles as reference material candidate for particle size measurements
(2020)
In order to utilize and rationally design materials at the nanoscale the reliable characterization of their physico-chemical properties is highly important, especially with respect to the assessment of their environmental or biological impact. Furthermore, the European Commission’s REACH Regulations require the registration of nanomaterials traded in quantities of at least 1 ton. Powders or dispersions where 50% (number distribution) of the constituent particles have sizes ≤ 100 nm in at least one dimension are defined as nanomaterials. This creates a need for industrial manufacturers and research or analytical service facilities to reliably characterize potential nanomaterials. Currently, BAM is developing reference nanoparticles, which shall expand the scarce list of worldwide available nano reference materials certified for particle size distribution and will also target other key parameters like shape, structure, porosity or functional properties. In this respect, materials like iron oxide or titanium dioxide are considered as candidates to complement the already available silica, Au, Ag, and polystyrene reference nanoparticles.
The thermal decomposition of iron oleate precursors in high boiling organic solvents can provide large quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles that can be varied in size and shape.[1, 2] The presence of oleic acid or other hydrophobic ligands as capping agents ensures stable dispersion in nonpolar solvents. Such monodisperse, spherical particles were synthesized at BAM and pre-characterized by electron microscopy (TEM, SEM including the transmission mode STEM-in-SEM) and dynamic light scattering comparing cumulants analysis and frequency power spectrum.
1. REACH regulations and nanosafety concerns create a strong need for nano reference materials with diverse properties.
2. Iron oxide nanoparticles are under development as new candidate reference material at BAM.
3. Narrow particle size distribution confirmed by light scattering and electron microscopy.
Recycled fertilizers produced using processes for the recovery of phosphate from residual materials such as wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes show very good bioavailability, but it is still a product largely unknown to the market. The aim of CLOOP is therefore to document the properties and effects of such fertilizers through chemical, mineralogical and ecological analyses as well as analytical method development and pot and field plant growth trials.
Outotec focused on 3 points in CLOOP: Experimental campaigns, process simulations as well as economic analyses with focus on the AshDec process, respectively the design of a large-scale AshDec plant for phosphorus recovery. The laboratory scale trials as well as the semi-industrial scale campaign provided valuable insights into the operating parameters of the process and the plant. As a result, for example, the temperature range could be significantly lowered, and the additive addition reduced by approx. 20 %. They have further shown that the AshDec process is not susceptible to operating fluctuations and that the product can be consistently produced at high quality. With the selection of suitable operating parameters, heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, (Zn)) can be removed. Within the campaign, about 1.5 t of fertilizer for the plant trials in CLOOP could be produced. An AshDec plant process was digitally created in simulation software, allowing valuable process parameters to be simulated at various operating parameters. On this basis, a full-scale plant was designed. The data obtained in the project were used for a detailed economic analysis including a sensitivity analysis. It was possible to show under which conditions this plant can be operated economically.
At BAM, the AshDec fertilizer was synthesized with different additives and then applied to plant experiments at Uni Bonn. The goal hereby was to check differences in plant uptake. Because of the promising results of AshDec synthesized with sodium-carbonate and because this AshDec version does not require special off gas treatment for sulfur recovery (compared to AshDec synthesized with sodium-sulfate), all project partners agreed on continuing working with this AshDec variation. It was then used as a raw P-source for formulating it into NPK-fertilizers, by granulation with ammonium-sulfate and straw ash as potassium source. These recycling fertilizers were applied to plant- and field experiments by project partners in Brazil (University of Sao Paulo) and Australia (University of Queensland). Furthermore, in leaching experiments, the solubility of phosphorus in AshDec was compared to triple super phosphate. The experiments were carried out on soils with a varying phosphorus buffering index. Results show, that the phosphorus form in AshDec is way less soluble in water. This indicates that AshDec has the potential for a so-called next generation fertilizer – a fertilizer which’s nutrients remain in the soil and supply the plant according to its needs. At the moment, this behavior gets examined more in depth in lysimeter experiments in cooperation with University of Technology Berlin.
The focus of KWB is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of different NextGen fertilizers to evaluate the entire process chain from recovery to fertilizer application. The NextGen fertilizer is credited by the amount of plant available nutrients in the product, which replace nutrients from conventional fertilizer. The LCA covers N-struvite precipitation from municipal wastewater, K-struvite precipitation from industrial wastewater and the AshDec-product from sewage sludge. The LCA task is almost complete. It could be shown that struvite precipitation has comprehensive environmental benefits, mainly since positive side effects occur in sewage sludge treatment (e.g. reduced sludge volume). In principle, the energetic and ecological profile of the AshDec process compared to direct use of sewage sludge ash cannot be assessed as being generally beneficial or negative. Regarding the global warming potential, the Ashdec process shows that the expenses (e.g. energy, chemicals) cannot be covered by the P fertilizer credit. In contrast, the impact categories “terrestrial acidification potential”, and “freshwater eutrophication potential” show positive results as the credits for conventional fertilizer are higher than the burdens for the process.
At University Bonn, the standardized pot experiments were conducted with several AshDec variations, using ryegrass, soybean, and spinach on a slightly acidic sandy soil and an organic-free standard substrate. P-uptake and biomass production of different AshDec variations were generally like those of triple super phosphate and struvite, and clearly outperformed untreated sewage sludge ash and rock phosphate. Field trials in Australia and Brazil with sugarcane on acidic soils are still ongoing and results are expected by the end of 2021.
Conventional fertilisers have their disadvantages as nutrient release is not synchronised with the demand of plants. Several approaches of "next generation fertilisers" are aiming at controlled nutrient release. Recycling fertilisers are often not soluble in water but fully plant available. They are suitable raw materials for the production of new types of controlled release fertilisers.
A new sewage sludge ordinance was set in force in Germany in 2017 that makes phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge mandatory. The technological possibilities for P-recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash were presented.
The project ProMoAM is presented. The goal of the project is to evaluate which NDT techniques or combination of techniques is suited for in-situ quality assurance in additive manufacturing of metals. To this end, also 3d-data fusion and visualization techniques are applied. Additional ex-situ NDT-techniques are used as references for defect detection and quantification. Feasability studies for NDT-techniques that are presently not applicable for in-situ use are performed as well.
The presentation gives a brief overview of the whole project and the different involved NDT-techniques.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable process involving a complex group of microorganisms, including sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens. Standard laboratory MIC testing using static serum bottle enrichments is an easy but limited method, offering poor resolution on the biomineralization process of corrosion products. An example of this is the presumed corrosion product siderite by corrosive methanogens (Mi-MIC). Previous publications reported siderite was the sole corrosion product of M. maripaludis using metal coupons incubated under stationary conditions.
However, the formation of siderite is closely related to the surrounding environmental conditions, i.e. pH, CO2 concentration, flow and temperature. Thus, siderite as the sole corrosion product of Mi-MIC remain inconclusive and questionable. To study Mi-MIC effectively, a novel versatile multiport flow-column corrosion monitoring system (MFC) was developed. MFC allows sectional corrosion rate determination under flow conditions using different types of material, inoculum and packing material. MFC offers great flexibility, ease of operation and accurate corrosion measurements that can be combined with many other techniques. Using MFC, we studied multiple strains of methanogens and compared it with sulfate-reducing bacteria under neutral and low pH conditions. It was revealed by MFC that corrosive methanogens have equally high corrosion potential as sulfate-reducing bacteria. Additionally, siderite is not the dominant nor sole corrosion product of Mi-MIC. Thus, effective corrosion monitoring and establishing standard laboratory practices, i.e. incorporating MFC as part of regular testing process, will provide deeper understanding of MIC. This will allow further microbial electrophysiology understandings, contributing to effective mitigation strategy development.
Biocide mitigation strategies of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in the oil and gas industry have been primarily used to eliminate the growths of sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM). However, methanogenic Archaea (MA) can also be highly corrosive by using iron as an electron source for methanogenesis. Because of the fundamental physiological differences between archaea and bacteria, responses of MA towards SRM-specific biocides cannot be deduced using SRM. Due to the lack of information available on the effect of biocides on corrosive MA, we selected THPS, glutaraldehyde, nitrate and perchlorate to compare against corrosive SRM.
Preliminary results showed that at low concentrations of THPS (0-10 ppm), growth of MA was not affected, methane production and corrosion rates (0.1 mm/yr) were comparable between the different THPS concentrations. On the contrary, the SRM strain showed decreased corrosion rates (0.18 mm/yr to 0.03 mm/yr) with increasing THPS concentrations. Further corrosion tests including electrochemical measurements of different biocides on the growth of MA and SRM will be conducted. Such knowledge not only provide important insights on the physiological response of MA to biocides but also contribute to more effective mitigation strategies that can be both economic and environmentally beneficial.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is an expensive but unpredictable problem for the industries. The most well-known culprit for MIC is the sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM), such as members from the genus Desulfovibrio. It has been widely accepted that SRM can contribute significantly to MIC through the production of hydrogen sulfide (HS-) or in some cases a direct electron uptake from the metal surface. However, in a real environmental system, SRM is not exclusive and often involved with other microorganisms that may also contribute to MIC, such as methanogens.
Methanogenic archaea can produce methane (CH4) using H2+CO2, formate, methylated amines or acetate. Methanogens are highly abundant in the environment and many are found in very extreme conditions, such as high temperature and high salinity. Previous researches have demonstrated that methanogens are capable of MIC, though the specific mechanisms are still under investigation. In the oil and gas industry, methanogens are not considered as the main contributor for MIC since the corrosion rates are often too low. However, the tests for methanogen-induced MIC are usually performed at static conditions, which cannot represent the system accurately. Here, we developed a novel anaerobic system to evaluate the corrosion potential of methanogens under flow conditions. We will use the Methanococcus maripaludis KA1 strain, which was isolated from a crude oil tank, as the organism of interest. A separate system for Desulfovibrio alaskensis will be established for corrosion rate comparisons. Furthermore, we will study the synergistic effects of M. maripaludis and D. alaskensis on MIC under flow.
Harnessing near-chromosome level quality genomes to explore the evolution of termite immunity
(2023)
The phylogeny of the Blattodea boasts a wide degree of sociality spanning from solitary cockroaches to advanced ecosystem-dominating higher termite societies. The emergence of sociality in termites was associated with the acquisition of a diverse range of social structures. Previous work has found evidence for a caste-specific social defence system in termites leading to an immune system that may favour group over individual defence. While preliminary work suggests a correlation between social transitions and a reduction of immune gene family diversity, the lack of available high-quality termite genomes hampers complete knowledge of the true diversity of immune gene evolution across termite phylogeny. Here, we report on the sequencing and near-chromosome level assembly of 48 high-quality long-read-based genomes across major termite and cockroach sister-branch lineages. We investigate the diversity and evolutionary history of immune genes across genomes, focusing particular attention on correlations between immune gene evolution and transitions in sociality over termite phylogeny.
Insecta is one of the most diverse phyla in the animal kingdom, with species living in all types of habitats encountering an even greater diversity of pathogens and parasites. Defence strategies against such harmful threats led to a variety of molecular mechanisms, ecological shifts, and genetic innovations. Gene families underlying the molecular basis of the immune responses have evolved within the boundaries given by the species ecology. Here, we explore the evolution of some emblematic immune gene families throughout the Insecta phylum shedding light on remarkable genetic events such as gene duplication or gene loss. We followed a workflow based on the Hidden Markov model to search for immune genes in 55 high-quality genomes of insects. We highlight the emergence of group defence in social species as an ecological shift that released selection pressure on immune gene families notably in Blattodea. Further, we draw attention to certain gene families and the link between their diversity and the specificities of the species’ microbiota. Overall, we report data on immune gene diversity in insects.
The phylogeny of the Blattodea boasts a wide degree of sociality spanning from solitary cockroaches to advanced ecosystem-dominating higher termite societies. The emergence of sociality in the termites was associated with the acquisition of a diverse range of social structures and differential expression of specific gene network. Previous work has found evidence for a caste-specific social defence system in termites leading to an immune system that may favour group over individual defence. While preliminary work suggests a correlation between social transitions and a reduction of immune gene family diversity, the lack of available high-quality termite genomes hampers complete knowledge of the true diversity of immune gene evolution across termite phylogeny. Here, we report on the sequencing and assembly of 50 high-quality long-read-based genomes and 180 caste- and sex-specific brain transcriptomes across major termite and cockroach sister-branch lineage. We investigate the diversity and evolutionary history of immune genes across genomes, and the potential gene networks that have evolved with the emergence of termite sociality and some aspect of immune related behaviours.
The presentation gives an overview about the use of ecotoxicity testing in assessment of waste. Especially in cases with unknown composition this kind of test are useful. Recently, the assessment of the hazard property HP 14 "ecotoxicity" for the labelling of waste was published. The labelling procedure is explained in detail.
The presentation gives an overview about the use of ecotoxicity testing in assessment of waste. Especially in cases with unknown composition this kind of test are useful. Recently, the assessment of the hazard property HP 14 "ecotoxicity" for the labelling of waste was published. The labelling procedure is explained in detail.
The presentation gives an overview about the use of ecotoxicity testing in assessment of waste. Especially in cases with unknown composition this kind of test are useful. Recently, the assessment of the hazard property HP 14 "ecotoxicity" for the labelling of waste was published. The labelling procedure is explained in detail.
Fluorometric sensing is a versatile approach for trace analysis outside of the laboratory, requiring suitable sensor materials and their integration into sensing devices. The versatility of fluorophores as probes, especially in terms of the possibility to tailor their optical as well as their recognition properties by synthetic modifications in a wide range, renders them as superior active component for the preparation of optical sensing devices. Recent works at BAM in this field include, for example, the detection of nerve gas agents, illustrating impressively the aforementioned benefits of fluorophores in optical sensing applications.
In the interdisciplinary project presented here, we target hazardous gases such as ammonia, benzene, and hydrogen sulfide, next to others, which pose a major threat to human health and environmental safety and for which the availability of a sensitive and reliable detection method is highly desirable. The dyes presented follow a “turn-on” fluorescence schematic, which allows for the selective and sensitive detection of the respective gaseous analyte. The immobilization of the probe in polymeric matrices is then the next step toward the fabrication of a prototype device for molecular sensing. Further steps in the project include the assembly of instruments for test-atmosphere generation, the referencing of the sensor system, development and implementation of an optical setup, and the testing of the prototype device under laboratory conditions and in the field.
In this presentation, we give an overview over the recent developments on this topic in our groups. Highlights are hydrogen sulfide sensitive, BODIPY based transition metal complexes, which allow for a sensitive as well as selective detection of the toxic gas. In addition, we present a novel class of highly substituted BODIPY derivatives – pocket-BODIPYs – which are of a synthetically high versatility and can readily be modified to create pockets in the periphery of the molecule of defined geometries. This is illustrated on the successful encapsulation of benzene by a pocket-BODIPY derivative, confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis as well as by further spectroscopic and analytical methods.
Microbial contamination of fuels by fungi or bacteria poses risks such as corrosion and fuel system fouling, which can lead to critical problems in refineries and distribution systems and has a significant economic impact at every stage of the process. Many factors have been cited as being responsible for microbial growth, like the presence of water in the storage tanks. In fact, only 1 % water in a storage system is sufficient for the growth of microorganisms like bacteria or yeasts, as well as for the development of fungal biomass at the oil/water interface.
This work presents a rapid test for the accurate determination of genomic DNA from aqueous fuel extracts. The detection is based on the use of polystyrene-mesoporous silica core-shell particles onto which modified fluorescent molecular beacons are covalently grafted. These beacons contain in the hairpin loop a target sequence highly conserved in all bacteria, corresponding to a fragment of the 16S ribosomal RNA subunit. The designed single-stranded molecular beacon contained fluorescein as an internal indicator and a quencher in its proximity when not hybridized. Upon hybridization in presence of the target sequence, the indicator and the quencher are spatially separated, resulting in fluorescence enhancement. To perform the assay the developed particles were deposited on different glass fibre strips to obtain a portable and sensitive rapid test. The assays showed that the presence of genomic DNA extracts from bacteria down to 50–70 μg L–1 induced a fluorescence response. The optical read-out was adapted for on-site monitoring by fitting a 3D-printed case to a conventional smartphone, taking advantages of the sensitivity of the CMOS detector. Such embedded assembly enabled the detection of genomic DNA in aqueous extracts down to the mg L–1 range and represents an interesting step toward on-site monitoring of fuel contamination.