4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (280)
- Posterpräsentation (138)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (41)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (35)
- Buchkapitel (20)
- Dissertation (6)
- Sonstiges (6)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (4)
- Forschungsdatensatz (3)
- Forschungsbericht (2)
Sprache
- Englisch (541) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (541) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (40)
- Antimicrobial resistance (28)
- Ink (23)
- Corrosion (21)
- Biofilms (19)
- MIC (17)
- Bacteria (16)
- Nano (16)
- Archaeometry (14)
- XRF (14)
- Methanogens (13)
- OECD (13)
- VOC (13)
- Biofilm (12)
- Evolution (12)
- Inks (12)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (12)
- Recycling (12)
- Fungus (11)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (11)
- Biocide (10)
- E. coli (10)
- PFAS (10)
- Phosphorus recovery (10)
- Antimicrobial coating (9)
- Leaching (9)
- Manuscript (9)
- Manuscripts (9)
- Microbiology (9)
- Raman spectroscopy (9)
- Resistance (9)
- Archaea (8)
- Bottom ash (8)
- Disinfection (8)
- Genetics (8)
- NAP-XPS (8)
- Non-destructive testing (8)
- Persistence (8)
- Sewage sludge (8)
- Standardization (8)
- Cascade impactor (7)
- Horizontal gene transfer HGT (7)
- Resistance evolution (7)
- Risk assessment (7)
- Soil (7)
- Tolerance (7)
- XANES spectroscopy (7)
- Aerosol (6)
- Black fungi (6)
- Glutaraldehyde (6)
- Hydraulic reactivity (6)
- Knufia petricola (6)
- Melanin (6)
- Nanomaterial (6)
- Phosphorus (6)
- Reverse glass painting (6)
- Termite (6)
- Alginate (5)
- Antibiotics (5)
- BOFS (5)
- Biocide tolerance (5)
- Combustion ion chromatography (5)
- Construction products (5)
- Coptic (5)
- Cultural heritage (5)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (5)
- Environmental Simulation (5)
- Ground water (5)
- Heterogeneity (5)
- Indoor air quality (5)
- Ink analyses (5)
- Korrosion (5)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (5)
- Parchment (5)
- Pigments (5)
- Portland Cement (5)
- Prüfrichtlinie (5)
- Pyrometallurgy (5)
- Reference material (5)
- Reflectography (5)
- Remediation (5)
- Single cell analysis (5)
- TXRF (5)
- Termites (5)
- Test guideline (5)
- Volatile organic compounds (5)
- Wastewater (5)
- Weathering (5)
- ATR (4)
- Alite (4)
- Analytical method (4)
- Antimony (4)
- Bacterial adhesion (4)
- Corrosion products (4)
- Cross-resistance (4)
- DRIFTS (4)
- EN 16516 (4)
- Ecotoxicity (4)
- Emission (4)
- Emission reference materials (4)
- Fertilizer (4)
- Geosynthetics (4)
- Guideline (4)
- Horizontal gene transfer (4)
- Humboldt Codices (4)
- ISO 16000-6 (4)
- Iron-gall ink (4)
- Light (4)
- Middle Ages (4)
- Mutation rate (4)
- Nanomaterials (4)
- Nanoparticle (4)
- Nitrogen (4)
- Non-invasive analysis (4)
- Olivine (4)
- Papyrus (4)
- Pigment (4)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (4)
- Spectroscopy (4)
- Steelmaking slag (4)
- Tantalum (4)
- UFP (4)
- VVOCs (4)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (4)
- Zinc (4)
- Anobium punctatum (3)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (3)
- Antimicrobials (3)
- Biofilm formation (3)
- Black fungus (3)
- Blast furnace sludge (3)
- Cairo Genizah (3)
- Carbon Fibers (3)
- Carbon steel (3)
- Chamber test (3)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (3)
- DHN melanin (3)
- ESEM (3)
- Ectoine (3)
- Electric arc furnace dust (3)
- Emission reference material (3)
- Emissions (3)
- Environmental evaluation (3)
- Environmental simulation (3)
- Extremotolerance (3)
- FFF-3D-Printer (3)
- FIB/SEM (3)
- Fertilzer (3)
- Flow Model (3)
- Fungi (3)
- Gypsum (3)
- HP14 (3)
- Herculaneum (3)
- Immune gene family (3)
- Immunity (3)
- Ink analysis (3)
- LIPSS (3)
- Lysimeter (3)
- Manuscript studies (3)
- Material science (3)
- Materials emissions test (3)
- Mechanochemical treatment (3)
- Methanogen (3)
- Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Modelling (3)
- Nanoparticles (3)
- Non destructive analytical techniques (3)
- Odour (3)
- Perceived Intensity (3)
- Persian manuscripts (3)
- Phenotypic diversity (3)
- Quality assurance (3)
- Raman Spectroscopy (3)
- Recycling materials (3)
- Red Mud (3)
- Reference materials (3)
- Rock-inhabiting fungus (3)
- Round robin test (3)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (3)
- Scandium (3)
- Size (3)
- Sulfate reducing bacteria (3)
- VOC-emission (3)
- Virus (3)
- Wood protection (3)
- XANES (3)
- XPS (3)
- XRF analysis (3)
- 3D printing (2)
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) (2)
- Aerosol measurements (2)
- Affinity chromatography (2)
- Air exchange rate (2)
- Air quality monitoring (2)
- Aluminium (2)
- Anoxia (2)
- Antibiotic resisitance (2)
- Antibodies (2)
- Antimicrobial (2)
- Antiquity (2)
- Apanteles carpatus (2)
- Arabic Recipes (2)
- Architecture (2)
- BEMMA (2)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (2)
- Bagasse (2)
- Baryscapus tineivorus (2)
- Bauprodukte (2)
- Bauxite Residue (2)
- Bio-weathering (2)
- Biocorrosion (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biofilm growth (2)
- Biotechnology (2)
- CDW processing (2)
- CFK (2)
- CO2 assisted impregnation (2)
- CSMC (2)
- Cabonfasern (2)
- Capsules (2)
- Carbide formation (2)
- Carbon feeding (2)
- Carbon steel corrosion (2)
- Chemical analysis (2)
- Chemical characterization (2)
- Chemical durability (2)
- Chinese paper (2)
- Chromium (2)
- Circular economy (2)
- Clinker substitute (2)
- Corynetes caeruleus (2)
- DGT (2)
- Deponie (2)
- Desinfectant (2)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (2)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (2)
- Diffusive sampling (2)
- Disinfectants (2)
- Drawings (2)
- Dyes (2)
- E.coli (2)
- Electric Arc Furnace (2)
- Electron microscopy (2)
- Elektroofenstaub (2)
- Element mass concentration (2)
- Emerging (2)
- Emission test chamber (2)
- Emissionen (2)
- Environmental condition (2)
- European standard (2)
- Eusociality (2)
- FEM model (2)
- Fluorescence (2)
- Fume (2)
- Fungal biofilms (2)
- Genetic engineering (2)
- Genomics (2)
- Geogitter (2)
- Geokunststoffe (2)
- Geruch (2)
- Gichtgasschlamm (2)
- Glass (2)
- Groundwater (2)
- Group defence (2)
- Gypsum recycling (2)
- HAXPES (2)
- Halomonas CRISPR Ectoine (2)
- Hi-Tension (2)
- Hydrogen (2)
- ICP-MS (2)
- In-situ analysis (2)
- Ink composition (2)
- Inkwells (2)
- Interdisciplinary (2)
- Interdisciplinary approach (2)
- Ir DNA staining approach (2)
- Iron (2)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (2)
- Knufia (2)
- Lapis lazuli (2)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) (2)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2)
- Leaching of waste materials (2)
- Leather (2)
- Loading factor (2)
- Low melting (2)
- Material emissions (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Method development (2)
- Micro plastic (2)
- Micro-XRF (2)
- Microbial (2)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (2)
- Microbiome (2)
- Microcolonial fungi (2)
- Microorganism (2)
- Microplastics (2)
- Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (2)
- Modelling studies (2)
- Museum (2)
- Museum Pests (2)
- Nano particle (2)
- NanoSIMS (2)
- Nanopartikel (2)
- Non invasive analysis (2)
- Non-destructiv testing (2)
- Optics (2)
- PGAA (2)
- PIXE (2)
- Particle gas emission (2)
- Particle size (2)
- Particle size distribution (2)
- Particle size distributuion (2)
- Particles (2)
- Particulate emission (2)
- Passive sampling (2)
- Pathogen (2)
- Perceived intensity (2)
- Permeable reactive barriers (2)
- Persister cells (2)
- Phopshorus recovery (2)
- Pigment analyses (2)
- Plume (2)
- Pollutants (2)
- Polyglycerol (2)
- Provenance studies (2)
- Raman (2)
- Recovery (2)
- Recycling fertiliser (2)
- Recycling fertilisers (2)
- Reduction process (2)
- Reductive amination (2)
- Ressourcenrückgewinnung (2)
- Risk assesment (2)
- Robustness studies (2)
- Secondary building materials (2)
- Selective chlorination (2)
- Sewage sludge ash (2)
- Sewage sludge ordinance (2)
- Single cell (2)
- Size distribution (2)
- Soil P species (2)
- Solar panel (2)
- Solubility (2)
- Spatter (2)
- Standardisation (2)
- Steelmaking (2)
- Stress (2)
- Stress tolerance (2)
- Sustainability (2)
- Termite phylogeny (2)
- Test Guideline (2)
- Testguideline (2)
- Thermal extraction (2)
- Tineola bisselliella (2)
- Total reflection X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- Transformation (2)
- Tricalcium-silicate (2)
- UV radiation (2)
- Ultrafine particles (2)
- Waste management (2)
- Waste treatment (2)
- Writing inks (2)
- X-Ray fluorescence analyses (2)
- Zink (2)
- genetics (2)
- melanin (2)
- 13th century (1)
- 2D nanomaterials (1)
- 3D Printing (1)
- 3D inspection (1)
- A Greek palimpsest (1)
- AMR (1)
- ASAP-MS (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Academia (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone receptor (1)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (1)
- Aerosol element alanysis (1)
- Aerosol element mass concentration (1)
- Aerosol spectroscopy (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Affinity support (1)
- AgBB Bewertung (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aging test (1)
- Agronomic performance (1)
- Air quality (1)
- Airborne Particles (1)
- Alite hydraulic reactivity (1)
- Alkali zinc borate glass (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Ambient aerosol (1)
- Ambient aerosols (1)
- Ambient air (1)
- Ambient air pollution (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Ammonium (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Analytical standards (1)
- Ancient INKS (1)
- Ancient document production (1)
- Anodization (1)
- Antagonism (1)
- Anti-microbial effects (1)
- Antiadhesive surfaces (1)
- Antibiotic (1)
- Antibody purification (1)
- Antimicrobial Resistance (1)
- Antimicrobial resistances (1)
- Antimony black (stibnite) (1)
- Arabic recipes (1)
- Archaeological provenance (1)
- Archaeometric studies (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis AAAA (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis aaaa (1)
- Artificial ageing (1)
- Ascomycetes (1)
- AshDec (1)
- Ashdec (1)
- Aspergillus flavus (1)
- Astrobiology (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Autoclave tests (1)
- BFR (1)
- BODIPY dye (1)
- BSA (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacteria-repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Bacterial growth (1)
- Bacterial infection (1)
- Bankia sp (1)
- Basin (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Bee (1)
- Bees (1)
- Beständigkeit (1)
- Bio-receptive (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Biocides in the environment (1)
- Bioconjugation (1)
- Biodegradation (1)
- Bioilm (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biological Control (1)
- Biological control (1)
- Biological pest control (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosphere (1)
- Biosphere-technosphere interaction (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Black Ink (1)
- Blattodea (1)
- Blue Angel ecolabel (1)
- Bodenbelag (1)
- Book production (1)
- Botrytis (1)
- Botrytis cinerea (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- Building material (1)
- Building product (1)
- Building products (1)
- Byzantine manuscript (1)
- CFRP (1)
- CIC (1)
- COST Action (1)
- COVID (1)
- CRISPR dCas9 (1)
- CRM (1)
- Calcareous deposits (1)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Calcium silicate (1)
- Calcium sulfate (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Carbon Fibre (1)
- Carbon ink (1)
- Carolingian (1)
- Carotenoids (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Cascade impector (1)
- Cast iron (1)
- Cathodic protection (1)
- Cell factory (1)
- Chamber measurement (1)
- Chamber-test (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Chemical composition (1)
- Chicken manure (1)
- Chinese Paper (1)
- Chlorination (1)
- Circular Economy (1)
- Climate responsive materials (1)
- Co-combustion (1)
- Coastal protection (1)
- Cockroach (1)
- Codex Miscellaneus (1)
- Codicology (1)
- Colorants (1)
- Colourants (1)
- Colouring (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Comsumer good samples (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Conditioning layer (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Constantinomyces (1)
- Construction Products (1)
- Construction and demolition waste (1)
- Consumer article (1)
- Consumer articles (1)
- Consumer products (1)
- Contaminant transfer (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Controllable gene expression (1)
- Controlled atmosphere (1)
- Controlled release fertilisers (1)
- Copper (1)
- Coptic papyri (1)
- Coptic studies (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Core/shell nanoparticle (1)
- Corona (1)
- Corrosion product (1)
- Cribellate spiders (1)
- Crispr-Cas9 (1)
- Crispr/Cas9 (1)
- Cryptoendolithic black fungus (1)
- Crystallization (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- Cultural Entomology (1)
- Cultural Heritage (1)
- Culuative energy demand (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA barcode (1)
- DSLT (1)
- Damage repair (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Deponiebau (1)
- Desiccation (1)
- Design of experiments (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Development (1)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Direct material input (1)
- Disease (1)
- Dispay case (1)
- Dispersion of carbon pigments (1)
- Display case (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Drawing (1)
- Dry treatment (1)
- Durability (1)
- Dyes and pigments (1)
- E$volution (1)
- EDX Analysis (1)
- EOF (1)
- EOF/AOF (1)
- EU EMPIR (1)
- EU regulations (1)
- Early european inks (1)
- Eco-efficiency analysis (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecotoxicity testing (1)
- Edible insects (1)
- Effective uptake rate (1)
- Efflux (1)
- Electrochemical remediation (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) (1)
- Element analysis (1)
- Element mass concetration (1)
- Emerging Contaminants (1)
- Emission Test Chamber (1)
- Emission Testing (1)
- Emission chamber (1)
- Emission chamber testing (1)
- Emission chambers (1)
- Emission test chamber procedure (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Emissions of hazardous gases (1)
- Emisson testing (1)
- Enamel colors (1)
- Environmental friendly (1)
- Erfurt (1)
- Essential oils (1)
- European research area (1)
- Exergy (1)
- Experimental evolution (1)
- Exposure risk (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (1)
- Extreme environments (1)
- Extremophilic fungi (1)
- FT-Raman (1)
- FTIR (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Fakes (1)
- Façade (1)
- Feeding behaviour (1)
- Femtosecond laser processing (1)
- Fiber (1)
- Fibre (1)
- Fibre analysis (1)
- Filament comparison (1)
- Flow chamber system (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Flow-System (1)
- Flow-system (1)
- Fluor XANES (1)
- Fluorescent proteins (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Fluorometric sensing (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Force distance curve (1)
- Forgery (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Foward genetics (1)
- Fractional factorial (1)
- Fragmented manuscripts (1)
- Functionalized graphene (1)
- Fungicidal property (1)
- GAeF (1)
- Gas chromatography (1)
- Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gene network (1)
- Genetic tools (1)
- Genome editing (1)
- Genome sequence (1)
- Geological formation (1)
- Geruchsmessung (1)
- Giulio Romano (1)
- Glass paints (1)
- Glass scanning (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gothic incursions (1)
- Granulat (1)
- Gray mold fungus (1)
- Green pesticide (1)
- Greenhouse gas accounting (1)
- Greenhouse gas balance (1)
- Greenhouse gas mitigation (1)
- Gut microbiota (1)
- Gypsum fiberboards and synthetic gypsum (1)
- HI-Tension (1)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (1)
- Halomonas elongata (1)
- Halophile (1)
- Halophilic (1)
- Headspace GC-MS (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Hebrew studies (1)
- Herculaneum papyri (1)
- Herteogeneous phenotypes (1)
- Heterologous expression (1)
- Heterologous gene expression (1)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (1)
- High salinity (1)
- Historic buildings (1)
- Historic ink (1)
- Holy Family (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Household waste (1)
- Human plasma (1)
- Hydraulic engineering (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. (1)
- Hyperbranched polymer (1)
- IAQ (1)
- IEQ (1)
- IPM in museums (1)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (1)
- ISO22196 (1)
- Igg (1)
- Illness-induced anorexia (1)
- Illuminated manuscripts (1)
- Immunoglobulins (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- Implants (1)
- In situ (1)
- In-vivo mutagenesis (1)
- Incineration bottom ash (1)
- Indoor Air Quality (1)
- Indoor Products (1)
- Indoor emission (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Initial attachment (1)
- Ink corrosion (1)
- Ink fingerprint (1)
- Ink terminology (1)
- Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Jewish cultures (1)
- Jig (1)
- Korynetes caeruleus (1)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (1)
- LCA (1)
- LCC (1)
- LIBS (1)
- Lake Cadagno (1)
- Laser Printer (1)
- Laser processing (1)
- Laser structuring (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Lead (1)
- Lead books (1)
- Leonardo da Vinci (1)
- Lfe cycle assessment (1)
- Library pests (1)
- Life history data (1)
- Light regulation (1)
- Light sensing (1)
- Light-induced stress (1)
- Lightning talk (1)
- Lightweighting (1)
- Limitations (1)
- Limnoria spp (1)
- Linker (1)
- Low alloy steel (1)
- Low cost aerosol PM sensor (1)
- Low-tech approach (1)
- Lysimeter, Antimony (1)
- MDG ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- MIC Island (1)
- MIC projekt (1)
- MSWI Bottom Ash (1)
- MSWI bottom ash (1)
- Manuscript making (1)
- Map production and publishing (1)
- Maps and colours (1)
- Marble (1)
- Marine borers (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Mass spectroscopy (1)
- Material Analysis (1)
- Material analysis (1)
- Material degradation (1)
- Material emissions testing (1)
- Material recycling (1)
- Material surface colonisation (1)
- Materials (1)
- Materials emissions testing (1)
- Materials flow (1)
- Mathematical modelling (1)
- Mechanische Stabilität (1)
- Medieval glasses (1)
- Medieval-stained glass (1)
- Melanins (1)
- Metal organic frameworks (1)
- Metal reducing bacteria (1)
- Metallic silver precipitates (1)
- Metalls (1)
- Metals (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Methods of scientific analysis (1)
- Microbial abundance (1)
- Microbial communities (1)
- Microbial community modelling (1)
- Microbial survival mechanisms (1)
- Microbiologically Influrenced Corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrobiell (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mineral weathering (1)
- Mircobially influcenced corrosion (1)
- Mixed Inks (1)
- Mixed ink (1)
- Mobile anodisation (1)
- Mobile application (1)
- Model (1)
- Model organism (1)
- Modern painting (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Moriscos (1)
- Multilocus phylogeny (1)
- Municipal solid waste (1)
- Museum insect pest (1)
- Museum pests (1)
- Mutagenesis (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- NDT (1)
- NFDI (1)
- NIR reflectography (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano metal fluorides (1)
- Nano@BAM (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Natural abundance of 15N (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Near ambient pressure XPS (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- Niobium (1)
- Nitrate (1)
- Nitrification inhibitor (1)
- Nitrogen fixation (1)
- Nitrogen uptake (1)
- Non-destructive test (1)
- Non-invasive scientific methods (1)
- Nostoc (1)
- Novel sample preparation techniques (1)
- Nuclear waste disposal (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Nährstoffe (1)
- Office machines (1)
- Oil and gas reservoir (1)
- Oilfield (1)
- On-line analysis (1)
- Operating Procedure (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Ordinance on Contaminated Sites and Soil Protection (1)
- Organo fluorine analysis (1)
- Osmophobic effect (1)
- P-recovery (1)
- PAH (1)
- PAK (1)
- PE-HD (1)
- PFAS analysis (1)
- PFAS analytics (1)
- PM (1)
- PP (1)
- PS (1)
- Paints (1)
- Palaeography (1)
- Palimpsest (1)
- Paper (1)
- Paper sizings (1)
- Paper tinting (1)
- Particle (1)
- Particle Size (1)
- Particulate emissions (1)
- Partikeln (1)
- Pentimenti (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (1)
- Perfluorierte Verbindungen (1)
- Perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) (1)
- Performance comparison (1)
- Periodate oxidation (1)
- Persian historical recipes (1)
- Persian manuscript (1)
- Phase separation (1)
- Phosphonic acids (1)
- Phosphorus recycling (1)
- Photocatalytic surfaces (1)
- Photoperception (1)
- Photoreceptors (1)
- Phototrophic bacteria (1)
- Physical and optical characteristics (1)
- Plant growth test (1)
- Plant pathogen (1)
- Plant-availability (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plastic biofilm (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Poficiency test (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Polyfluorinated alcohol (PFOH) (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer Matrix Composites (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Portrayal of St Joseph (1)
- Poster presentation (1)
- Pot experiment (1)
- Preferential binding (1)
- Preferential exclusion (1)
- Preservation (1)
- Process control (1)
- Process monitoring (1)
- Proficiency Test (1)
- Protective glazing (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein a (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein immobilization (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Pseudomonas (1)
- Purification (1)
- Push-out Test (1)
- QA/QC (1)
- Quality assurance/quality control (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- REACH (1)
- Radiocarbon (1)
- Raphael school (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Recipes (1)
- Recycling fertilizer (1)
- Red chalk (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Reductive iron assimilation (1)
- Reference data (1)
- Reference method (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- Release kinetics (1)
- Rembrandt (1)
- Research Data Infrastructure (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Restoration and conservation (1)
- Reverse painting on glass (1)
- Reworking (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Road construction waste (1)
- Rock-inhabiting black fungi (1)
- Rock-inhabiting fungi (1)
- SARS (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SCALE (1)
- SDS-PAGE (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- SEM-EDS (1)
- SERS (1)
- SOP (1)
- SPE extraction (1)
- SRB (1)
- Sanierung (1)
- Sapphire (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Scythica Vindobonensia, (1)
- Secondary Recources (1)
- Secondary metabolism (1)
- Secondary raw materials (1)
- Secondary resources (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Selection (1)
- Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) (1)
- Separate collection (1)
- Sets of archaeometric data (1)
- Sewage extraction (1)
- Sewage sludge incineration (1)
- Shale (1)
- Siderophore (1)
- Signal transduction (1)
- Silver diffusion (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Simulation of materials degradation (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Sixteenth-century painting technique (1)
- Size resolved chemical composition (1)
- Sizing (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Social (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Soil extraction (1)
- Soil-like material (1)
- Soil-like materials (1)
- Solar parks (1)
- Solid phase (1)
- Sorption (1)
- Spectral imaging (1)
- Stained glass (1)
- Stained glass windows (1)
- Stained glasses (1)
- Stainless steel (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standardized test and quantification procedure (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Structured light scanning (1)
- Subaerial biofilm (1)
- Subaerial biofilms (1)
- Sugarcane bagasse (1)
- Sum parameter analyis (1)
- Sum parameter analysis (1)
- Superhydrophilic surface (1)
- Superhydrophobic surface (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Surfacewaters (1)
- Synchotron (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron-XPS (1)
- Synthetic organic pigments (1)
- TED-GC/MS (1)
- TEM (1)
- TXRF ambient air aerosol chemical analysis aerosol element composition (1)
- Tanning (1)
- Tannins (1)
- Teredo sp (1)
- Termite control (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Test method (1)
- Test strip (1)
- Teststreifen (1)
- Text analysis (1)
- Thermal Desorption (1)
- Thermal Extraction (1)
- Thermal desorption (1)
- Thermal imaging (1)
- Thermal properties (1)
- Thermal treatment (1)
- Thermochemical treatment (1)
- Thermoplastic filaments (1)
- Time resolved chemical composition (1)
- Tinting (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Torah (1)
- Torah Scrolls (1)
- Trait-based ecology (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Transport modeling (1)
- Transposon (1)
- Typology of Inks (1)
- Tyrosine (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV tolerance (1)
- UV-VIS Reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- UV-VIS reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- Ultrashort PFAS (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- Uptake rate (1)
- Uranium (1)
- Uranium mining (1)
- Urban mining (1)
- Utilization (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VIS (1)
- VOC Emission (1)
- VOC Emissionen (1)
- VOC transfer standards (1)
- VOC-Emission (1)
- Vanadium (1)
- Vasari (1)
- Velocimetry (1)
- Vienna manuscript (1)
- Virulence (1)
- Volatile organic compound (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- Vues des Cordillères (1)
- WKI flask method (1)
- Waste water (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Weathering tests (1)
- Wet-mechanical treatment (1)
- Wooden toys (1)
- Writing Ink (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence (1)
- X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray based techniques (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- X-ray spectroscopic techniques (1)
- X-rays (1)
- XRF Analysis (1)
- XRF-, VIS- FTIR-spectroscopy (1)
- Xestobium rufovillosum (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- biocide tolerance (1)
- black fungi (1)
- black fungus (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- disinfection (1)
- evolution (1)
- fs-laser processing (1)
- fungus (1)
- genomics (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
- historic inks (1)
- individual-based modelling (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- ink (1)
- multi scale testing (1)
- natural ventilation (1)
- openBIS (1)
- papyrus (1)
- pigmentation (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (541) (entfernen)
Biocide mitigation strategies of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) in the oil and gas industry have been primarily used to eliminate the growths of sulfate-reducing microorganisms (SRM). However, methanogenic Archaea (MA) can also be highly corrosive by using iron as an electron source for methanogenesis. Because of the fundamental physiological differences between archaea and bacteria, responses of MA towards SRM-specific biocides cannot be deduced using SRM. Due to the lack of information available on the effect of biocides on corrosive MA, we selected THPS, glutaraldehyde, nitrate and perchlorate to compare against corrosive SRM.
Preliminary results showed that at low concentrations of THPS (0-10 ppm), growth of MA was not affected, methane production and corrosion rates (0.1 mm/yr) were comparable between the different THPS concentrations. On the contrary, the SRM strain showed decreased corrosion rates (0.18 mm/yr to 0.03 mm/yr) with increasing THPS concentrations. Further corrosion tests including electrochemical measurements of different biocides on the growth of MA and SRM will be conducted. Such knowledge not only provide important insights on the physiological response of MA to biocides but also contribute to more effective mitigation strategies that can be both economic and environmentally beneficial.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion is a multidisciplinary research area. To develop successful mitigation strategies, expertise from the industry and research institutes are essential. In Department 4.1, we developed an innovative laboratory flow model (Hi-Tension) that allows effective monitoring of MIC under both standard and non-standard conditions. The flow model allows flexibility with material selection, flow rates, temperature and other environmental parameters changes. Furthermore, the flow model allows integration of electrochemical measurements using microsensors, providing a comprehensive view of corrosion at the biofilm level. Currently, initial results indicate corrosion in the flow model is significantly higher than that of standard laboratory set ups, i.e. static incubations, particularly for methane-producing microorganisms.
Microbial modelling of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (ME) using iron
(2019)
Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic archaea (MA) are commonly found in the oil and gas environments. The formation of hydrogen sulfide (HS-) is particularly concerning for the petroleum industry due to its corrosiveness. However, the activities of SRB are limited to the concentration of sulfate present in the environment, whereas methanogens can utilize substrates such as H¬2 for methanogenesis. MA is commonly found in sulfate-free environments, such as deep sediments, and are known to form interspecies electron transfer relationships with SRB. Recently, SRB and MA capable of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) by using elemental iron as a direct electron source (EMIC) have gained increased attention. On the iron surface, EMIC-SRB can outcompete EMIC-MA in the presence of sulfate, but this changes as sulfate depletes. The formation of FeS on the metal surface can be further utilized by MA for methanogenesis as it provides a conductive path. However, the possible kinetics involved of the overall process are currently unknown.
We obtained a co-culture of EMIC-SRB and EMIC-MA to investigate the growth rates and electrical potential changes under different environmental conditions, including changes in pH, temperature and salinity. Results indicate that under neutral conditions and using iron as the sole substrate, methane production (up to 5 mM) starts after sulfate was depleted. Electrochemical measurements will be conducted on the co-culture under different conditions to determine the changes in the electrical potential in correlation with the sulfate and methane concentration. Fluorescence and electron microscope images of the biofilm structure will be used to visualize cell distribution and morphology. This study embarks the first step of understanding the relationship between EMIC-SRB and EMIC-MA. Such knowledge is important for the field of microbial electrophysiology and can be further explored for industrial applications.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable process involving a complex group of microorganisms, including sulfate-reducing bacteria and methanogens. Standard laboratory MIC testing using static serum bottle enrichments is an easy but limited method, offering poor resolution on the biomineralization process of corrosion products. An example of this is the presumed corrosion product siderite by corrosive methanogens (Mi-MIC). Previous publications reported siderite was the sole corrosion product of M. maripaludis using metal coupons incubated under stationary conditions.
However, the formation of siderite is closely related to the surrounding environmental conditions, i.e. pH, CO2 concentration, flow and temperature. Thus, siderite as the sole corrosion product of Mi-MIC remain inconclusive and questionable. To study Mi-MIC effectively, a novel versatile multiport flow-column corrosion monitoring system (MFC) was developed. MFC allows sectional corrosion rate determination under flow conditions using different types of material, inoculum and packing material. MFC offers great flexibility, ease of operation and accurate corrosion measurements that can be combined with many other techniques. Using MFC, we studied multiple strains of methanogens and compared it with sulfate-reducing bacteria under neutral and low pH conditions. It was revealed by MFC that corrosive methanogens have equally high corrosion potential as sulfate-reducing bacteria. Additionally, siderite is not the dominant nor sole corrosion product of Mi-MIC. Thus, effective corrosion monitoring and establishing standard laboratory practices, i.e. incorporating MFC as part of regular testing process, will provide deeper understanding of MIC. This will allow further microbial electrophysiology understandings, contributing to effective mitigation strategy development.
The project ProMoAM is presented. The goal of the project is to evaluate which NDT techniques or combination of techniques is suited for in-situ quality assurance in additive manufacturing of metals. To this end, also 3d-data fusion and visualization techniques are applied. Additional ex-situ NDT-techniques are used as references for defect detection and quantification. Feasability studies for NDT-techniques that are presently not applicable for in-situ use are performed as well.
The presentation gives a brief overview of the whole project and the different involved NDT-techniques.
Wastewater contains a diverse array of organic and inorganic compounds and its complex composition strongly depends on the location and the connected dischargers. However, municipal wastewater as a carrier of feces and urine generally contains considerable amounts of the main nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus. The latter is in the focus of the discussions about the recovery potential of wastewater due to the relatively high mass flows of phosphorus in wastewater and the finite nature and decreasing quality of phosphate rock reserves. But due to the presence of the whole periodic table of elements, wastewater might contain further valuable components of interest for recovery including those defined as critical raw materials by the European Commission. Phosphorus and most of the other critical raw materials are fixed in the sewage sludge and after incineration in the sewage sludge ash (SSA). This is accompanied by high concentration factors from wastewater via sludge to ash. However, the mass fractions of the majority of elements in sewage sludge are comparable to those of the earth crust, indicating no relative enrichment. Nevertheless, enrichment factors of 100 or higher are given for phosphorus, copper, zinc, cadmium, silver, tin, lead and the platinum group elements indicating an anthropogenic input. An economic value of sewage sludge was estimated to $460,-/t calculated on the basis of the respective market prices for high purity elements – a theoretical value. A German survey of sewage sludge ashes showed that the mass fractions and the mass flows of most of the elements present in SSA are probably too low for an economic recovery. In most cases the mass flows are rather small compared to the imports and the chemical forms are not suitable for recovery. An exception is phosphorus that is present in high mass fractions up to 13% and that bears a high substitution potential. If the application of P-recovery technologies lead to a further concentration of valuable elements e.g. as by-products in side streams of the process, it would probably make also the recovery of other elements of economic interest.
Conventional fertilisers have their disadvantages as nutrient release is not synchronised with the demand of plants. Several approaches of "next generation fertilisers" are aiming at controlled nutrient release. Recycling fertilisers are often not soluble in water but fully plant available. They are suitable raw materials for the production of new types of controlled release fertilisers.
Recycled fertilizers produced using processes for the recovery of phosphate from residual materials such as wastewater, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ashes show very good bioavailability, but it is still a product largely unknown to the market. The aim of CLOOP is therefore to document the properties and effects of such fertilizers through chemical, mineralogical and ecological analyses as well as analytical method development and pot and field plant growth trials.
Outotec focused on 3 points in CLOOP: Experimental campaigns, process simulations as well as economic analyses with focus on the AshDec process, respectively the design of a large-scale AshDec plant for phosphorus recovery. The laboratory scale trials as well as the semi-industrial scale campaign provided valuable insights into the operating parameters of the process and the plant. As a result, for example, the temperature range could be significantly lowered, and the additive addition reduced by approx. 20 %. They have further shown that the AshDec process is not susceptible to operating fluctuations and that the product can be consistently produced at high quality. With the selection of suitable operating parameters, heavy metals (As, Pb, Cd, (Zn)) can be removed. Within the campaign, about 1.5 t of fertilizer for the plant trials in CLOOP could be produced. An AshDec plant process was digitally created in simulation software, allowing valuable process parameters to be simulated at various operating parameters. On this basis, a full-scale plant was designed. The data obtained in the project were used for a detailed economic analysis including a sensitivity analysis. It was possible to show under which conditions this plant can be operated economically.
At BAM, the AshDec fertilizer was synthesized with different additives and then applied to plant experiments at Uni Bonn. The goal hereby was to check differences in plant uptake. Because of the promising results of AshDec synthesized with sodium-carbonate and because this AshDec version does not require special off gas treatment for sulfur recovery (compared to AshDec synthesized with sodium-sulfate), all project partners agreed on continuing working with this AshDec variation. It was then used as a raw P-source for formulating it into NPK-fertilizers, by granulation with ammonium-sulfate and straw ash as potassium source. These recycling fertilizers were applied to plant- and field experiments by project partners in Brazil (University of Sao Paulo) and Australia (University of Queensland). Furthermore, in leaching experiments, the solubility of phosphorus in AshDec was compared to triple super phosphate. The experiments were carried out on soils with a varying phosphorus buffering index. Results show, that the phosphorus form in AshDec is way less soluble in water. This indicates that AshDec has the potential for a so-called next generation fertilizer – a fertilizer which’s nutrients remain in the soil and supply the plant according to its needs. At the moment, this behavior gets examined more in depth in lysimeter experiments in cooperation with University of Technology Berlin.
The focus of KWB is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of different NextGen fertilizers to evaluate the entire process chain from recovery to fertilizer application. The NextGen fertilizer is credited by the amount of plant available nutrients in the product, which replace nutrients from conventional fertilizer. The LCA covers N-struvite precipitation from municipal wastewater, K-struvite precipitation from industrial wastewater and the AshDec-product from sewage sludge. The LCA task is almost complete. It could be shown that struvite precipitation has comprehensive environmental benefits, mainly since positive side effects occur in sewage sludge treatment (e.g. reduced sludge volume). In principle, the energetic and ecological profile of the AshDec process compared to direct use of sewage sludge ash cannot be assessed as being generally beneficial or negative. Regarding the global warming potential, the Ashdec process shows that the expenses (e.g. energy, chemicals) cannot be covered by the P fertilizer credit. In contrast, the impact categories “terrestrial acidification potential”, and “freshwater eutrophication potential” show positive results as the credits for conventional fertilizer are higher than the burdens for the process.
At University Bonn, the standardized pot experiments were conducted with several AshDec variations, using ryegrass, soybean, and spinach on a slightly acidic sandy soil and an organic-free standard substrate. P-uptake and biomass production of different AshDec variations were generally like those of triple super phosphate and struvite, and clearly outperformed untreated sewage sludge ash and rock phosphate. Field trials in Australia and Brazil with sugarcane on acidic soils are still ongoing and results are expected by the end of 2021.
A new sewage sludge ordinance was set in force in Germany in 2017 that makes phosphorus recovery from sewage sludge mandatory. The technological possibilities for P-recovery from waste water, sewage sludge and sewage sludge ash were presented.
Monodisperse iron oxide nanoparticles as reference material candidate for particle size measurements
(2020)
In order to utilize and rationally design materials at the nanoscale the reliable characterization of their physico-chemical properties is highly important, especially with respect to the assessment of their environmental or biological impact. Furthermore, the European Commission’s REACH Regulations require the registration of nanomaterials traded in quantities of at least 1 ton. Powders or dispersions where 50% (number distribution) of the constituent particles have sizes ≤ 100 nm in at least one dimension are defined as nanomaterials. This creates a need for industrial manufacturers and research or analytical service facilities to reliably characterize potential nanomaterials. Currently, BAM is developing reference nanoparticles, which shall expand the scarce list of worldwide available nano reference materials certified for particle size distribution and will also target other key parameters like shape, structure, porosity or functional properties. In this respect, materials like iron oxide or titanium dioxide are considered as candidates to complement the already available silica, Au, Ag, and polystyrene reference nanoparticles.
The thermal decomposition of iron oleate precursors in high boiling organic solvents can provide large quantities of iron oxide nanoparticles that can be varied in size and shape.[1, 2] The presence of oleic acid or other hydrophobic ligands as capping agents ensures stable dispersion in nonpolar solvents. Such monodisperse, spherical particles were synthesized at BAM and pre-characterized by electron microscopy (TEM, SEM including the transmission mode STEM-in-SEM) and dynamic light scattering comparing cumulants analysis and frequency power spectrum.
1. REACH regulations and nanosafety concerns create a strong need for nano reference materials with diverse properties.
2. Iron oxide nanoparticles are under development as new candidate reference material at BAM.
3. Narrow particle size distribution confirmed by light scattering and electron microscopy.
The main obstacle to bottom ash (BA) being used as a recycling aggregate is the content of salts and potential toxic elements (PTEs), concentrated in a layer that coats BA particles. This work presents a dry treatment for the removal of salts and PTEs from BA particles. Two pilotscale abrasion units (with/without the removal of the fine particles) were fed with different BA samples. The performance of the abrasion tests was assessed through the analyses of particle size and moisture, and that of the column leaching tests at solid-to-liquid ratios between 0.3 and 4. The results were: the particle-size distribution of the treated materials was homogeneous (25 wt % had dimensions <6.3 mm) and their moisture halved, as well as the electrical conductivity of the leachates. A significant decrease was observed in the leachates of the treated BA for sulphates (44%),
chlorides (26%), and PTEs (53% Cr, 60% Cu and 8% Mo). The statistical analysis revealed good correlations between chloride and sulphate concentrations in the leachates with Ba, Cu, Mo, and Sr, illustrating the consistent behavior of the major and minor components of the layer surrounding BA particles. In conclusion, the tested process could be considered as promising for the improvement of BA valorization.
Plants and microorganisms, besides the climate, drive nitrogen (N) cycling in ecosystems. Our objective was to investigate N losses and N acquisition strategies along a unique ecosystem-sequence (ecosequence) ranging from arid shrubland through Mediterranean woodland to temperate rainforest. These ecosystems differ in mean annual precipitation, mean annual temperate, and vegetation cover, but developed on similar granitoid soil parent material, were addressed using a combination of molecular biology and soil biogeochemical tools. Soil N and carbon (C) contents, δ15N signatures, activities of N acquiring extracellular enzymes as well as the abundance of soil bacteria and fungi, and diazotrophs in bulk topsoil and rhizosphere were determined. Relative fungal abundance in the rhizosphere was higher under woodland and forest than under shrubland. This indicates toward plants' higher C investment into fungi in the Mediterranean and temperate rainforest sites than in the arid site. Fungi are likely to decompose lignified forest litter for efficient recycling of litter-derived N and further nutrients. Rhizosphere—a hotspot for the N fixation—was enriched in diazotrophs (factor 8 to 16 in comparison to bulk topsoil) emphasizing the general importance of root/microbe association in N cycle. These results show that the temperate rainforest is an N acquiring ecosystem, whereas N in the arid shrubland is strongly recycled. Simultaneously, the strongest 15N enrichment with decreasing N content with depth was detected in the Mediterranean woodland, indicating that N mineralization and loss is highest (and likely the fastest) in the woodland across the continental transect. Higher relative aminopeptidase activities in the woodland than in the forest enabled a fast N mineralization. Relative aminopeptidase activities were highest in the arid shrubland. The highest absolute chitinase activities were observed in the forest. This likely demonstrates that (a) plants and microorganisms in the arid shrubland invest largely into mobilization and reutilization of organically bound N by exoenzymes, and (b) that the ecosystem N nutrition shifts from a peptide-based N in the arid shrubland to a peptide- and chitin-based N nutrition in the temperate rainforest, where the high N demand is complemented by intensive N fixation in the rhizosphere.
Black microcolonial fungi (MCF) are persistent inhabitants of rock surfaces in hostile desert environments. In these niches, MCF have evolved mineral-weathering and symbiotic capabilities as well as mechanisms to cope with multiple stresses such as solar irradiation, temperature extremes and low water activity. Due to their stress tolerance these ascomycetes are prominent in modern terrestrial ecosystems – like man-made material surfaces from roof to solar panels. MCF interactive capabilities support their facultative symbiotic relationships with cyanobacteria and ensure their rock-weathering geochemical activity.
Using the rock-inhabiting fungus K. petricola A95 (Chaetothyriales), we developed transformation protocols and deleted genes responsible for production of the protective pigments melanins and carotenoids. To confirm that the mutant phenotypes were not due to hidden mutations, melanin synthesis was restored by complementing the mutants with the respective wild type genes. Strains of K. petricola carrying gene variants for fluorescent proteins EGFP and DsRed are available. We successfully labelled the cytoplasm, nuclei, peroxisomes and mitochondria. Targeted and ectopic integrations result in stable transformants suitable for further phenotypical characterization. As K. petricola is a non-pathogenic fungus with all characteristic features of MCF, including meristematic growth, melanized cell-walls, extracellular polymeric substances and extensive pigment production, our results will shed light on protective role of pigments during cell wall maturation and oxidative stress defence in rock-inhabiting MCF. Genes involved in environmental sensing or substrate and phototroph interactions are currently targeted. With the help of a mutant collection and fluorescently labelled K. petricola we will be able to investigate interactions of MCF with environmental stressors, mineral substrates, soil matrices and phototrophic symbionts.
Throughout their life cycles—from production, usage, through to disposal—materials and products interact with the environment (water, soil, and air). At the same time, they are exposed to environmental influences and, through their emissions, have an impact on the environment, people, and health. Accelerated experimental testing processes can be used to predict the long-term environmental consequences of innovative products before these actually enter the environment.
We are living in a material world. Building materials, geosynthetics, wooden toys, soil, nanomaterials, composites, wastes and more are research subjects examined by the authors of this book. The interactions of materials with the environment are manifold. Therefore, it is important to assess the environmental impact of these interactions. Some answers to how this task can be achieved are given in this Special Issue.
Throughout their life cycle—from production, via usage, through to disposal—materials and products interact with the environment (water, soil, air). At the same time, they are exposed to environmental influences and, through their emissions, have an impact on the environment, people, and health. Accelerated experimental testing processes can be used to predict the long-term environmental consequences of innovative products before these actually enter the environment.
The aim of this Special Issue of the journal Materials is to publish original research and review articles as well as short communications tackling the problem of reliable environmental measurement methods and reporting exemplary case studies.