4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (279)
- Posterpräsentation (137)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (41)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (38)
- Buchkapitel (20)
- Sonstiges (7)
- Dissertation (5)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (4)
- Forschungsdatensatz (3)
- Forschungsbericht (2)
Sprache
- Englisch (541) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (541) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (39)
- Antimicrobial resistance (28)
- Ink (23)
- Corrosion (21)
- Biofilms (19)
- MIC (17)
- Bacteria (16)
- Nano (16)
- Archaeometry (14)
- XRF (14)
- Methanogens (13)
- OECD (13)
- VOC (13)
- Biofilm (12)
- Evolution (12)
- Inks (12)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (12)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (11)
- Recycling (11)
- Biocide (10)
- E. coli (10)
- Fungus (10)
- PFAS (10)
- Phosphorus recovery (10)
- Antimicrobial coating (9)
- Leaching (9)
- Manuscript (9)
- Manuscripts (9)
- Microbiology (9)
- Raman spectroscopy (9)
- Resistance (9)
- Archaea (8)
- Bottom ash (8)
- Disinfection (8)
- Genetics (8)
- NAP-XPS (8)
- Non-destructive testing (8)
- Persistence (8)
- Sewage sludge (8)
- Standardization (8)
- Cascade impactor (7)
- Horizontal gene transfer HGT (7)
- Resistance evolution (7)
- Risk assessment (7)
- Soil (7)
- Tolerance (7)
- XANES spectroscopy (7)
- Aerosol (6)
- Black fungi (6)
- Ecotoxicity (6)
- Glutaraldehyde (6)
- Hydraulic reactivity (6)
- Knufia petricola (6)
- Melanin (6)
- Nanomaterial (6)
- Phosphorus (6)
- Reverse glass painting (6)
- Termite (6)
- Alginate (5)
- Antibiotics (5)
- BOFS (5)
- Biocide tolerance (5)
- Combustion ion chromatography (5)
- Construction products (5)
- Coptic (5)
- Cultural heritage (5)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (5)
- Environmental Simulation (5)
- Ground water (5)
- Heterogeneity (5)
- Indoor air quality (5)
- Ink analyses (5)
- Korrosion (5)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (5)
- Parchment (5)
- Pigments (5)
- Portland Cement (5)
- Prüfrichtlinie (5)
- Pyrometallurgy (5)
- Reference material (5)
- Reflectography (5)
- Remediation (5)
- Single cell analysis (5)
- TXRF (5)
- Termites (5)
- Test guideline (5)
- Volatile organic compounds (5)
- Wastewater (5)
- Weathering (5)
- ATR (4)
- Alite (4)
- Analytical method (4)
- Antimony (4)
- Bacterial adhesion (4)
- Corrosion products (4)
- Cross-resistance (4)
- DRIFTS (4)
- EN 16516 (4)
- Emission (4)
- Emission reference materials (4)
- Fertilizer (4)
- Geosynthetics (4)
- Guideline (4)
- Horizontal gene transfer (4)
- Humboldt Codices (4)
- ISO 16000-6 (4)
- Iron-gall ink (4)
- Light (4)
- Middle Ages (4)
- Mutation rate (4)
- Nanomaterials (4)
- Nanoparticle (4)
- Nitrogen (4)
- Non-invasive analysis (4)
- Olivine (4)
- Papyrus (4)
- Pigment (4)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (4)
- Spectroscopy (4)
- Steelmaking slag (4)
- Tantalum (4)
- UFP (4)
- VVOCs (4)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (4)
- Zinc (4)
- Anobium punctatum (3)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (3)
- Antimicrobials (3)
- Biofilm formation (3)
- Black fungus (3)
- Blast furnace sludge (3)
- Cairo Genizah (3)
- Carbon Fibers (3)
- Carbon steel (3)
- Chamber test (3)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (3)
- DHN melanin (3)
- ESEM (3)
- Ectoine (3)
- Electric arc furnace dust (3)
- Emission reference material (3)
- Emissions (3)
- Environmental evaluation (3)
- Environmental simulation (3)
- Extremotolerance (3)
- FFF-3D-Printer (3)
- FIB/SEM (3)
- Fertilzer (3)
- Flow Model (3)
- Fungi (3)
- Gypsum (3)
- HP14 (3)
- Herculaneum (3)
- Immune gene family (3)
- Immunity (3)
- Incineration bottom ash (3)
- Ink analysis (3)
- LIPSS (3)
- Lysimeter (3)
- Manuscript studies (3)
- Material science (3)
- Materials emissions test (3)
- Mechanochemical treatment (3)
- Methanogen (3)
- Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Modelling (3)
- Nanoparticles (3)
- Non destructive analytical techniques (3)
- Odour (3)
- Perceived Intensity (3)
- Persian manuscripts (3)
- Phenotypic diversity (3)
- Quality assurance (3)
- Raman Spectroscopy (3)
- Recycling materials (3)
- Red Mud (3)
- Reference materials (3)
- Rock-inhabiting fungus (3)
- Round robin test (3)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (3)
- Scandium (3)
- Size (3)
- Sulfate reducing bacteria (3)
- VOC-emission (3)
- Virus (3)
- Wood protection (3)
- XANES (3)
- XPS (3)
- XRF analysis (3)
- 3D printing (2)
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) (2)
- Aerosol measurements (2)
- Affinity chromatography (2)
- Air exchange rate (2)
- Air quality monitoring (2)
- Aluminium (2)
- Anoxia (2)
- Antibiotic resisitance (2)
- Antibodies (2)
- Antimicrobial (2)
- Antiquity (2)
- Apanteles carpatus (2)
- Arabic Recipes (2)
- Architecture (2)
- BEMMA (2)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (2)
- Bagasse (2)
- Baryscapus tineivorus (2)
- Bauprodukte (2)
- Bauxite Residue (2)
- Bio-weathering (2)
- Biocorrosion (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biofilm growth (2)
- Biotechnology (2)
- CDW processing (2)
- CFK (2)
- CO2 assisted impregnation (2)
- CSMC (2)
- Cabonfasern (2)
- Capsules (2)
- Carbide formation (2)
- Carbon feeding (2)
- Carbon steel corrosion (2)
- Chemical analysis (2)
- Chemical characterization (2)
- Chemical durability (2)
- Chinese paper (2)
- Chromium (2)
- Circular economy (2)
- Clinker substitute (2)
- Corynetes caeruleus (2)
- DGT (2)
- Deponie (2)
- Desinfectant (2)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (2)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (2)
- Diffusive sampling (2)
- Disinfectants (2)
- Drawings (2)
- Dyes (2)
- E.coli (2)
- Electric Arc Furnace (2)
- Electron microscopy (2)
- Elektroofenstaub (2)
- Element mass concentration (2)
- Emerging (2)
- Emission test chamber (2)
- Emissionen (2)
- Environmental condition (2)
- European standard (2)
- Eusociality (2)
- FEM model (2)
- Fluorescence (2)
- Fume (2)
- Fungal biofilms (2)
- Genomics (2)
- Geogitter (2)
- Geokunststoffe (2)
- Geruch (2)
- Gichtgasschlamm (2)
- Glass (2)
- Groundwater (2)
- Group defence (2)
- Gypsum recycling (2)
- HAXPES (2)
- Halomonas CRISPR Ectoine (2)
- Hazard properties (2)
- Hi-Tension (2)
- Hydrogen (2)
- ICP-MS (2)
- In-situ analysis (2)
- Ink composition (2)
- Inkwells (2)
- Interdisciplinary (2)
- Interdisciplinary approach (2)
- Ir DNA staining approach (2)
- Iron (2)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (2)
- Knufia (2)
- Lapis lazuli (2)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) (2)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2)
- Leaching of waste materials (2)
- Leather (2)
- Loading factor (2)
- Low melting (2)
- Material emissions (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Method development (2)
- Micro plastic (2)
- Micro-XRF (2)
- Microbial (2)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (2)
- Microbiome (2)
- Microcolonial fungi (2)
- Microorganism (2)
- Microplastics (2)
- Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (2)
- Modelling studies (2)
- Museum (2)
- Museum Pests (2)
- Nano particle (2)
- NanoSIMS (2)
- Nanopartikel (2)
- Non invasive analysis (2)
- Non-destructiv testing (2)
- Optics (2)
- PGAA (2)
- PIXE (2)
- Particle gas emission (2)
- Particle size (2)
- Particle size distribution (2)
- Particle size distributuion (2)
- Particles (2)
- Particulate emission (2)
- Passive sampling (2)
- Pathogen (2)
- Perceived intensity (2)
- Permeable reactive barriers (2)
- Persister cells (2)
- Phopshorus recovery (2)
- Pigment analyses (2)
- Plume (2)
- Pollutants (2)
- Polyglycerol (2)
- Provenance studies (2)
- Raman (2)
- Recovery (2)
- Recycling fertiliser (2)
- Recycling fertilisers (2)
- Reduction process (2)
- Reductive amination (2)
- Ressourcenrückgewinnung (2)
- Risk assesment (2)
- Robustness studies (2)
- Secondary building materials (2)
- Selective chlorination (2)
- Sewage sludge ash (2)
- Sewage sludge ordinance (2)
- Single cell (2)
- Size distribution (2)
- Soil P species (2)
- Solar panel (2)
- Solubility (2)
- Spatter (2)
- Standardisation (2)
- Steelmaking (2)
- Stress (2)
- Stress tolerance (2)
- Sustainability (2)
- Termite phylogeny (2)
- Test Guideline (2)
- Testguideline (2)
- Thermal extraction (2)
- Tineola bisselliella (2)
- Total reflection X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- Transformation (2)
- Tricalcium-silicate (2)
- UV radiation (2)
- Ultrafine particles (2)
- Waste management (2)
- Waste treatment (2)
- Writing inks (2)
- X-Ray fluorescence analyses (2)
- Zink (2)
- genetics (2)
- melanin (2)
- 13th century (1)
- 2D nanomaterials (1)
- 3D Printing (1)
- 3D inspection (1)
- A Greek palimpsest (1)
- AMR (1)
- ASAP-MS (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Academia (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Additive Manufacturing (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone receptor (1)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (1)
- Aerosol element alanysis (1)
- Aerosol element mass concentration (1)
- Aerosol spectroscopy (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Affinity support (1)
- AgBB Bewertung (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aging test (1)
- Agronomic performance (1)
- Air quality (1)
- Airborne Particles (1)
- Alite hydraulic reactivity (1)
- Alkali zinc borate glass (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Ambient aerosol (1)
- Ambient aerosols (1)
- Ambient air (1)
- Ambient air pollution (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Ammonium (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Analytical standards (1)
- Ancient INKS (1)
- Ancient document production (1)
- Anodization (1)
- Antagonism (1)
- Anti-microbial effects (1)
- Antiadhesive surfaces (1)
- Antibiotic (1)
- Antibody purification (1)
- Antimicrobial Resistance (1)
- Antimony black (stibnite) (1)
- Arabic recipes (1)
- Archaeological provenance (1)
- Archaeometric studies (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis AAAA (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis aaaa (1)
- Artificial ageing (1)
- Ascomycetes (1)
- AshDec (1)
- Ashdec (1)
- Aspergillus flavus (1)
- Astrobiology (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Autoclave tests (1)
- BFR (1)
- BODIPY dye (1)
- BSA (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacteria-repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Bacterial growth (1)
- Bacterial infection (1)
- Bankia sp (1)
- Basin (1)
- Bassanite (1)
- Bee (1)
- Bees (1)
- Beständigkeit (1)
- Bio-receptive (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Biocides in the environment (1)
- Bioconjugation (1)
- Biodegradation (1)
- Bioilm (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biokorrosion (1)
- Biological Control (1)
- Biological control (1)
- Biological pest control (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosphere (1)
- Biosphere-technosphere interaction (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Black Ink (1)
- Blattodea (1)
- Blue Angel ecolabel (1)
- Bodenbelag (1)
- Book production (1)
- Botrytis (1)
- Botrytis cinerea (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- Building material (1)
- Building product (1)
- Building products (1)
- Byzantine manuscript (1)
- CFRP (1)
- CIC (1)
- COST Action (1)
- COVID (1)
- CRISPR dCas9 (1)
- CRM (1)
- Calcareous deposits (1)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (1)
- Calcium silicate (1)
- Calcium sulfate (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Carbon ink (1)
- Carolingian (1)
- Carotenoids (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Cascade impector (1)
- Cast iron (1)
- Cathodic protection (1)
- Chamber measurement (1)
- Chamber-test (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Chemical composition (1)
- Chicken manure (1)
- Chinese Paper (1)
- Chlorination (1)
- Climate responsive materials (1)
- Co-combustion (1)
- Coastal protection (1)
- Cockroach (1)
- Codex Miscellaneus (1)
- Codicology (1)
- Colorants (1)
- Colourants (1)
- Colouring (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Comsumer good samples (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Conditioning layer (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Constantinomyces (1)
- Construction Products (1)
- Construction and demolition waste (1)
- Consumer article (1)
- Consumer articles (1)
- Consumer products (1)
- Contaminant transfer (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Controllable gene expression (1)
- Controlled atmosphere (1)
- Controlled release fertilisers (1)
- Copper (1)
- Coptic papyri (1)
- Coptic studies (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Core/shell nanoparticle (1)
- Corona (1)
- Corrosion product (1)
- Cribellate spiders (1)
- Crispr-Cas9 (1)
- Crispr/Cas9 (1)
- Cryptoendolithic black fungus (1)
- Crystallization (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- Cultural Entomology (1)
- Cultural Heritage (1)
- Culuative energy demand (1)
- DNA (1)
- DNA barcode (1)
- DSLT (1)
- Damage repair (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Deponiebau (1)
- Desiccation (1)
- Design of experiments (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Development (1)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Direct material input (1)
- Disease (1)
- Dispay case (1)
- Dispersion of carbon pigments (1)
- Display case (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Drawing (1)
- Dry treatment (1)
- Durability (1)
- Dyes and pigments (1)
- E$volution (1)
- EDX Analysis (1)
- EOF (1)
- EOF/AOF (1)
- EU EMPIR (1)
- EU regulations (1)
- Early european inks (1)
- Eco-efficiency analysis (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecotoxicity testing (1)
- Edible insects (1)
- Effective uptake rate (1)
- Efflux (1)
- Electrochemical remediation (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) (1)
- Element analysis (1)
- Element mass concetration (1)
- Emerging Contaminants (1)
- Emission Test Chamber (1)
- Emission Testing (1)
- Emission chamber (1)
- Emission chamber testing (1)
- Emission chambers (1)
- Emission test chamber procedure (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Emissions of hazardous gases (1)
- Emisson testing (1)
- Enamel colors (1)
- Environmental friendly (1)
- Erfurt (1)
- Essential oils (1)
- European research area (1)
- Exergy (1)
- Experimental evolution (1)
- Exposure risk (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (1)
- Extreme environments (1)
- Extremophilic fungi (1)
- FT-Raman (1)
- FTIR (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- Fakes (1)
- Façade (1)
- Feeding behaviour (1)
- Femtosecond laser processing (1)
- Fiber (1)
- Fibre (1)
- Fibre analysis (1)
- Filament comparison (1)
- Flow chamber system (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Flow-System (1)
- Flow-system (1)
- Fluor XANES (1)
- Fluorescent proteins (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Fluorometric sensing (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Force distance curve (1)
- Forgery (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Foward genetics (1)
- Fractional factorial (1)
- Fragmented manuscripts (1)
- Functionalized graphene (1)
- Fungicidal property (1)
- GAeF (1)
- Gas chromatography (1)
- Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gene network (1)
- Genetic engineering (1)
- Genetic tools (1)
- Genome editing (1)
- Genome sequence (1)
- Geological formation (1)
- Geruchsmessung (1)
- Giulio Romano (1)
- Glass paints (1)
- Glass scanning (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gothic incursions (1)
- Granulat (1)
- Gray mold fungus (1)
- Green pesticide (1)
- Greenhouse gas accounting (1)
- Greenhouse gas balance (1)
- Greenhouse gas mitigation (1)
- Gut microbiota (1)
- Gypsum fiberboards and synthetic gypsum (1)
- HI-Tension (1)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (1)
- Halomonas elongata (1)
- Halophile (1)
- Halophilic (1)
- Headspace GC-MS (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Hebrew studies (1)
- Herculaneum papyri (1)
- Herteogeneous phenotypes (1)
- Heterologous expression (1)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (1)
- High salinity (1)
- Historic buildings (1)
- Historic ink (1)
- Holy Family (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Household waste (1)
- Human plasma (1)
- Hydraulic engineering (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrogenasen (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. (1)
- Hyperbranched polymer (1)
- IAQ (1)
- IEQ (1)
- IPM in museums (1)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (1)
- ISO22196 (1)
- Igg (1)
- Illness-induced anorexia (1)
- Illuminated manuscripts (1)
- Immunoglobulins (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- Implants (1)
- In situ (1)
- In-vivo mutagenesis (1)
- Indoor Air Quality (1)
- Indoor Products (1)
- Indoor emission (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Initial attachment (1)
- Ink corrosion (1)
- Ink fingerprint (1)
- Ink terminology (1)
- Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Jewish cultures (1)
- Jig (1)
- Korynetes caeruleus (1)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (1)
- LCA (1)
- LCC (1)
- LIBS (1)
- Lake Cadagno (1)
- Laser Printer (1)
- Laser processing (1)
- Laser structuring (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Lead (1)
- Lead books (1)
- Leonardo da Vinci (1)
- Lfe cycle assessment (1)
- Library pests (1)
- Life history data (1)
- Light regulation (1)
- Light sensing (1)
- Light-induced stress (1)
- Lightning talk (1)
- Lightweighting (1)
- Limitations (1)
- Limnoria spp (1)
- Linker (1)
- Low alloy steel (1)
- Low cost aerosol PM sensor (1)
- Low-tech approach (1)
- Lysimeter, Antimony (1)
- MDG ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- MIC Island (1)
- MIC projekt (1)
- MSWI Bottom Ash (1)
- MSWI bottom ash (1)
- Manuscript making (1)
- Map production and publishing (1)
- Maps and colours (1)
- Marble (1)
- Marine borers (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Mass spectroscopy (1)
- Material Analysis (1)
- Material analysis (1)
- Material degradation (1)
- Material emissions testing (1)
- Material recycling (1)
- Material surface colonisation (1)
- Materials (1)
- Materials emissions testing (1)
- Materials flow (1)
- Mathematical modelling (1)
- Mechanische Stabilität (1)
- Medieval glasses (1)
- Medieval-stained glass (1)
- Melanins (1)
- Metal organic frameworks (1)
- Metal reducing bacteria (1)
- Metallic silver precipitates (1)
- Metalls (1)
- Metals (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Methods of scientific analysis (1)
- Microbial abundance (1)
- Microbial communities (1)
- Microbial community modelling (1)
- Microbially Induced Corrosion (1)
- Microbiologically Influrenced Corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrobiell (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mineral weathering (1)
- Mircobially influcenced corrosion (1)
- Mixed Inks (1)
- Mixed ink (1)
- Mobile anodisation (1)
- Mobile application (1)
- Model (1)
- Model organism (1)
- Modern painting (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Moriscos (1)
- Multilocus phylogeny (1)
- Municipal solid waste (1)
- Museum insect pest (1)
- Museum pests (1)
- Mutagenesis (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- NDT (1)
- NFDI (1)
- NIR reflectography (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano metal fluorides (1)
- Nano@BAM (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Natural abundance of 15N (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Near ambient pressure XPS (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- Niobium (1)
- Nitrate (1)
- Nitrification inhibitor (1)
- Nitrogen fixation (1)
- Nitrogen uptake (1)
- Non-destructive test (1)
- Non-invasive scientific methods (1)
- Nostoc (1)
- Novel sample preparation techniques (1)
- Nuclear waste disposal (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- Nährstoffe (1)
- Office machines (1)
- Oil and gas reservoir (1)
- Oilfield (1)
- On-line analysis (1)
- Operating Procedure (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Ordinance on Contaminated Sites and Soil Protection (1)
- Organo fluorine analysis (1)
- Osmophobic effect (1)
- P-recovery (1)
- PAH (1)
- PAK (1)
- PE-HD (1)
- PFAS analysis (1)
- PFAS analytics (1)
- PM (1)
- PP (1)
- PS (1)
- Paints (1)
- Palaeography (1)
- Palimpsest (1)
- Paper (1)
- Paper sizings (1)
- Paper tinting (1)
- Particle (1)
- Particle Size (1)
- Particulate emissions (1)
- Partikeln (1)
- Pentimenti (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (1)
- Perfluorierte Verbindungen (1)
- Perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) (1)
- Performance comparison (1)
- Periodate oxidation (1)
- Persian historical recipes (1)
- Persian manuscript (1)
- Phase separation (1)
- Phosphonic acids (1)
- Phosphorus recycling (1)
- Photocatalytic surfaces (1)
- Photoperception (1)
- Photoreceptors (1)
- Phototrophic bacteria (1)
- Physical and optical characteristics (1)
- Plant growth test (1)
- Plant pathogen (1)
- Plant-availability (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plastic biofilm (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Poficiency test (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Polyfluorinated alcohol (PFOH) (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Portrayal of St Joseph (1)
- Poster presentation (1)
- Pot experiment (1)
- Preferential binding (1)
- Preferential exclusion (1)
- Preservation (1)
- Process control (1)
- Process monitoring (1)
- Proficiency Test (1)
- Protective glazing (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein a (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein immobilization (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Pseudomonas (1)
- Purification (1)
- Push-out Test (1)
- QA/QC (1)
- Quality assurance/quality control (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- REACH (1)
- Radiocarbon (1)
- Raphael school (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Recipes (1)
- Recycling fertilizer (1)
- Red chalk (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Reductive iron assimilation (1)
- Reference data (1)
- Reference method (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- Release kinetics (1)
- Rembrandt (1)
- Research Data Infrastructure (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Restoration and conservation (1)
- Reverse painting on glass (1)
- Reworking (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Road construction waste (1)
- Rock-inhabiting black fungi (1)
- Rock-inhabiting fungi (1)
- SARS (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SCALE (1)
- SDS-PAGE (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- SEM-EDS (1)
- SERS (1)
- SOP (1)
- SPE extraction (1)
- SRB (1)
- Sanierung (1)
- Sapphire (1)
- Scattering (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Scythica Vindobonensia, (1)
- Secondary Recources (1)
- Secondary metabolism (1)
- Secondary raw materials (1)
- Secondary resources (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Selection (1)
- Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) (1)
- Separate collection (1)
- Sequential extraction (1)
- Sets of archaeometric data (1)
- Sewage extraction (1)
- Sewage sludge incineration (1)
- Shale (1)
- Siderophore (1)
- Signal transduction (1)
- Silver diffusion (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Simulation of materials degradation (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Sixteenth-century painting technique (1)
- Size resolved chemical composition (1)
- Sizing (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Social (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Soil extraction (1)
- Soil-like material (1)
- Soil-like materials (1)
- Solar parks (1)
- Solid phase (1)
- Sorption (1)
- Spectral imaging (1)
- Stained glass (1)
- Stained glass windows (1)
- Stained glasses (1)
- Stainless steel (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standardized test and quantification procedure (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Structured light scanning (1)
- Subaerial biofilm (1)
- Subaerial biofilms (1)
- Sugarcane bagasse (1)
- Sum parameter analyis (1)
- Sum parameter analysis (1)
- Superhydrophilic surface (1)
- Superhydrophobic surface (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Surfacewaters (1)
- Synchotron (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron-XPS (1)
- Synthetic organic pigments (1)
- TED-GC/MS (1)
- TEM (1)
- TXRF ambient air aerosol chemical analysis aerosol element composition (1)
- Tanning (1)
- Tannins (1)
- Teredo sp (1)
- Termite control (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Test method (1)
- Test strip (1)
- Teststreifen (1)
- Text analysis (1)
- Thermal Desorption (1)
- Thermal Extraction (1)
- Thermal desorption (1)
- Thermal imaging (1)
- Thermal properties (1)
- Thermal treatment (1)
- Thermochemical treatment (1)
- Thermoplastic filaments (1)
- Time resolved chemical composition (1)
- Tinting (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Torah (1)
- Torah Scrolls (1)
- Trait-based ecology (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Transport modeling (1)
- Transposon (1)
- Typology of Inks (1)
- Tyrosine (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV tolerance (1)
- UV-VIS Reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- UV-VIS reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- Ultrashort PFAS (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- Uptake rate (1)
- Uranium (1)
- Uranium mining (1)
- Urban mining (1)
- Utilization (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VIS (1)
- VOC Emission (1)
- VOC Emissionen (1)
- VOC transfer standards (1)
- VOC-Emission (1)
- Vanadium (1)
- Vasari (1)
- Velocimetry (1)
- Vienna manuscript (1)
- Virulence (1)
- Volatile organic compound (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- Vues des Cordillères (1)
- WKI flask method (1)
- Waste water (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Weathering tests (1)
- Wet-mechanical treatment (1)
- Wooden toys (1)
- Writing Ink (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence (1)
- X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray based techniques (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- X-ray spectroscopic techniques (1)
- X-rays (1)
- XRF Analysis (1)
- XRF-, VIS- FTIR-spectroscopy (1)
- Xestobium rufovillosum (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- biocide tolerance (1)
- black fungi (1)
- black fungus (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- disinfection (1)
- evolution (1)
- fs-laser processing (1)
- fungus (1)
- genomics (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
- historic inks (1)
- individual-based modelling (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- ink (1)
- multi scale testing (1)
- natural ventilation (1)
- openBIS (1)
- papyrus (1)
- pigmentation (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (541) (entfernen)
Antibiotic resistance is a growing global problem which poses a massive threat to human health. Although human activity contributes to the acceleration of the process, bacteria have a self-driven stabilisation mechanism to protect themselves from such and other external threats: biofilm formation. Nonetheless, it is the adhesion of a single bacterial cell to a surface that triggers the formation of such network of biomolecules and microorganisms, as well as its hazardous consequences. The main objective of this work was to quantify the adhesion force of a single E. coli cell on a Ti substrate via the AFM-related single-cell force spectroscopy, with both the cell and the substrate material being of high clinical relevance. A set of 25 x 25 force displacement curves was acquired with a maximum force of 3.2 nN without dwell time, yielding a topography map and an adhesion force map that showed to be correlated. A mean adhesion force of 0.85 ± 0.175 nN was measured and the presence of cell appendages on the bacterial cell wall was verified through individual force-displacement curves. Bacterial viability was assessed after the measurements via live/dead staining.
Aim of study: In this study, natural durability of some domestic and foreign wood species against Hylotrupes bajulus and Anobium punctatum larvae were tested on laboratory scale
Area of study: This study was conducted at Department of Forest Products Engineering in Duzce University, Turkey and Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Germany.
Material and Methods: Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris), fir (Abies nordmanniana), spruce (Picea orientalis), cedar (Cedrus libani), poplar (Populus tremula) and beech (Fagus orientalis) woods were used to test H. bajulus larvae (EN 46-1). Alder (Alnus glutinosa), oak (Quercus cerris), poplar (Populus tremula), beech (Fagus orientalis), maple (Acer carpinifolium), ash (Fraxinus angustifolia), teak (Tectona grandis), ayous (Triplochiton scleroxylon), movingui (Distemonanthus benthamianus), dahoma (Piptadeniastrum africanum), iroko (Chlorophora excelsa), bubinga (Guibourtia tessmannii) and sapele (Entandrophragma cylindiricum) woods were used for A. punctatum larvae (EN 49-1). At the end of the experiment, the mortality rates of the larvae were determined and the size and weights of the surviving larvae were measured.
Main results: F. orientalis and C. libani were found to be the most resistant wood species against H. bajulus larvae while A. nordmanniana was the least resistant. All tropical wood species and oak and maple from domestic wood species showed 100% mortality rate therefore found to be the most resistant against A. punctatum larvae. The most vulnerable wood species was found to be alder with a 35% mortality.
Research highlights: while F. orientalis, C. libani, and P. tremula were found the most resistance wood species against H. bajulus, P. sylvestris and A. nordmanniana were determined as most vulnerable. All tropical wood species and two domestic species (Q. cerris and A. carpinifolium) showed the highest mortality rate as 100%. The least durable domestic wood was determined as alder.
The influence of interfacial pH between AISI 4135 steel and seawater under different polarization potentials on the formation of calcareous deposits has been studied. An interfacial pH of 9.61 at −0.9 V vs. SCE using state of the art iridium oxide microelectrode was found to be the critical pH for the precipitation of magnesium hydroxide. Calcareous deposits with a double-layer structure comprising an inner-brucite layer and an outer-aragonite layer were found to form at potentials between −1.0 V and −1.2 V vs. SCE. Furthermore, the facilitation of hydrogen permeation into steel induced by the formation of calcareous deposits was verified using the Devanathan-Stachurski electrochemical test. The mechanism of calcareous deposits facilitates hydrogen permeation into steel is related to its inhibition on hydrogen recombination and escape processes.
The production of secondary materials from waste materials requires, in most cases, significantly lower energy amounts than the primary material production of raw materials. Along with lower energy demand, the greenhouse gas emissions produced are also lower. The duty of a modern waste management system should therefore be to collect and sort the waste materials in a way that the highest amounts of single material fractions with the highest qualities can be generated. In this contribution, the greenhouse gas balances of the theoretical treatment of the household waste, if collected as mixed waste in sanitary landfills, in waste incineration plants, or in mechanical-biological treatment plants, are compared to the existing separate waste collection and treatment in Germany in 2014. The results show that the treatment of the mixed collected household waste in sanitary landfills would lead to a significant release of greenhouse gases. The treatment in MBTs with the recovery of valuables and the further disposal of the biologically stabilized fraction on landfills, as well as the treatment of the high calorific fraction (also called refuse derived fuel – RDF) in RDF plants, coal-fired power plants, or cement kilns, would lead to small amounts of avoided greenhouse gas emissions. The thermal treatment in waste incineration plants would lead to moderate amounts of avoided greenhouse gases. Only with the actually practiced separate collection and treatment of household waste were significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions avoided. In total, this is approximately 5.5 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalents for approximately 45.5 million tons of separate collected and treated household waste in Germany in 2014.
Die Präsentation erläutert die Hintergründe der nationalen Anforderungen für die Verwendung von Kunststoffdichtungbahnen in Deponieabdichtungen. Die Beständigkeit wird diskutiert. Anforderungen an das Qualitatsmanagement während der Produktion der Produkte und der Bauphase werden aufgezeigt und die Auswirkungen auf die langzeitige Funktionserfüllung werden beschrieben.
Designing the performance of geogrids in reinforce soil constructions usually does not consider long-term behavior and possible failure modes of junctions between longitudinal and transverse ribs. How could behavior of junctions be included? To which extend is it necessary? On the conference Geo-Chicago 2016, Swan and Yuan presented an ultimate limit state equation for the short-term material resistance of junctions. We discuss limitations and suggest improvements to include long-term behavior of junctions. Nevertheless, the approach applies only to a specific mode of shear-tensile failure of junctions and only to strictly rigid geogrids. A new design concept presented in the same year by Jacobs on the conference GeoAmerica for the special case of the anchorage of geogrids, which reinforce capping system on long and steep slopes of landfills, tried to overcome these drawbacks. We discuss the aspects of this concept related to the long-term behavior of junctions and the interplay between the load applied to junctions and the flexibility of longitudinal ribs. This interplay and the long-term junction strength determine the long-term behavior of geogrids.
The characteristics of different molecules chosen as representatives for specific functionalities in conditioning layers play an important role on attachment behavior and later biofilm formation of bacteria. The chemical composition is a major component influencing the attachment but there is a conglomerate of influences.
11 laser printers from 5 manufacturers were purchased in 2017 and tested for their UFP emissions. Size resolved sampling of the emitted particles was done with a 13 stage (30 nm to 10 µm) low pressure cascade impactor. The sampled particles were analysed for their chemical composition by thermal extraction (vaporization at 290°C) followed by GC-MS analysis. High boiling cyclic siloxanes (D10 to D16) were detected as constituents of UFP from laser printers. In comparison to measurements in 2008, aliphatic long-chain alkanes (C22 to C34) were detected additionally as chemical constituents of UFP from most of the tested printers and their amounts were higher than for cyclic siloxanes. Printers of one manufacturer showed very low UPF emissions compared to the other manufacturers.
Comparison of Formaldehyde Concentrations in Emission Test Chambers Using EN 717-1 and EN 16516
(2018)
For more than 25 years EN 717-1 (Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde re-lease - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method) is the standard for formalde-hyde emission testing of wooden boards. In 2017 EN 16516 (Construction products - Assess-ment of release of dangerous substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air) was published as a new harmonised standard for the emission testing of construction products. Because test chamber conditions are different, both standards give different concentrations for formaldehyde. To determine a conversion factor four test series were set up with different wooden boards. For a loading of 1 m²/m³ the conversion factor is 1.6. This means that the formaldehyde concentration measured under the conditions of EN 16516 is a factor of 1.6 higher compared to EN 717-1.
Comparison of Formaldehyde Concentrations in Emission Test Chambers Using EN 717-1 and EN 16516
(2018)
For many years EN 717-1 (Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 1: Formaldehyde emission by the chamber method) is the standard for formaldehyde emission testing of wooden boards. In 2017 EN 16516 (Construction products - Assessment of release of dangerous substances - Determination of emissions into indoor air) was published as a new harmonised standard for the emission testing of construction products. Because test chamber conditions are different, both standards give different concentrations for formaldehyde. For the determination of a conversion factor four test series were set up with different wooden boards.
The chemical emissions from products are tested by means of emission test chambers under defined conditions (climate, loading, air change rate). The standard method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) is the sampling onto Tenax-tubes followed by thermal desorption (TDS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The EU-LCI list includes some very volatile organic compounds (VVOC) and some VOC for which there are limitations when using the standard method. For VVOC additional sampling is required using stronger absorbers like Carbotrap or multi-bed adsorption tubes. The analysis of VVOC also requires a different GC oven program and a different column for the separation. For the determination of formaldehyde and other low boiling aldehydes (e.g. acetaldehyde, acetone, propanal, propenal) DNPH-cartridges are used which are extracted with acetonitrile followed by liquid chromatography (HPLC-UV) analysis. The derivatisation of propenal and other unsaturated aldehydes (e.g. 2-butenal) with DNPH might lead to lower findings due to incomplete derivatization and forming of by-products. For a better quantification of acetic acid the use of ion chromatography (IC) is recommended because the analysis of acetic acid with the standard method (TDS) leads to lower findings due to break through during sampling. The use of ion chromatography for the analysis of organic acids requires a third sampling technique. The acids are adsorbed onto silica-gel and extracted with water.
11 laser printers from 5 manufacturers were purchased in 2017 and tested for their UFP emissions. Size resolved sampling of the emitted particles was done with a 13 stage (30 nm to 10 µm) low pressure cascade impactor. The sampled particles were analysed for their chemical composition by thermal extraction (vaporization at 290°C) followed by GC-MS analysis. High boiling cyclic siloxanes (D10 to D16) were detected as constituents of UFP from laser printers. In comparison to measurements in 2008, aliphatic long-chain alkanes (C22 to C34) were detected additionally as chemical constituents of UFP from most of the tested printers and their amounts were higher than for cyclic siloxanes. Printers of one manufacturer showed very low UPF emissions compared to the other manufacturers.
Test chamber measurements are an important tool to improve indoor air quality and occupational safety. Test chamber measurements are possible for a wide range of materials, products and technologies. Determination of concerning contaminants is important to ensure good indoor air quality. The detection of concerning contaminants depends on the approriate sampling and analysis.
The presentation gives general information about the European Standard EN 16516 “Construction products – Assessment of release of dangerous substances – Determination of emissions into indoor air”. This test standard was developed based on the mandate M/366 of the European commission and is a horizontal reference method for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) from different classes of construction (building) products. Specific test conditions are to be selected by the product TCs (technical committees) in a way that a product is tested under its intended condition of use.
The test is based on the use of emission test chambers which are operated at constant air change rate and climate (23°C, 50 % r.h.) over 28 days. The standard defines the conditions and requirements for the measurement including loading factor, air change rate, sampling, analysis and calculation of emission rates of the substances. A 30 m³ reference room is described which is used to calculate air concentrations from the determined emission rates.
The standard EN 16516 enables the evaluation of construction products regarding their emissions into indoor air under defined and comparable conditions. The evaluation includes the determination of identified target compounds, non-identified target compounds, volatile carcinogenic compounds and the sum values TVOC, TSVOC and R.
Summary: A screening test for potential emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC) was run on different thermoplastic filaments used for 3D printing. The method of direct thermal desorption was used to simulate the high temperatures during the 3D printing process and to identify the main compounds emitted from the filaments. A large number of unexpected compounds were detected that might affect the user’s health and have an impact on indoor air chemistry.
Introduction: The use of desktop 3D printers is increasing. Compared to other devices with known emissions, e.g. laser printers, there is still a lack of information on possible emissions of VOC and ultrafine particles during operation and the effect on indoor air quality. Most of the commercially available desktop 3D printers operate with a molten polymer deposition. For this process a solid thermoplastic filament is heated in an extrusion nozzle. Most filaments for desktop 3D printers use either acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or polylactic acid (PLA) as filament. Alternatives are polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or polycarbonate (PC).
Method: Eight different thermoplastic filaments for 3D printers were analysed by direct thermal desorption followed by GC-MS identification of the emitted substances. Direct thermal desorption was done by desorbing 5 mg of the feedstock for 1 minute at a temperature of 210°C. This is an average temperature for 3D printing with thermoplastic filaments.
Results and conclusions: The comparison of the 4 different filament groups showed the highest overall emissions from ABS, followed by PLA, PC and PVA. Filament ABS 2 emitted mainly SVOCs and triphenyl phosphate, the latter has the highest emission for a single compound from all evaluated filaments.
Thermoplastic filaments are a new source of VOC emissions due to the high temperatures associated with 3D printing, which can reach up to 270°C. Some of the detected compounds like lactic acid, lactide and bisphenol A have never been described before in the indoor environment. Additionally some of the main substances could not be identified and some others might have the potential to affect the indoor air chemistry.
The appearance of some newly detected compounds raises concerns about potential health effects for the users of 3D printers at home.
Bacterial adhesion on surfaces of medical, water and food applications may lead to infections, water or food spoilage and human illness. In comparison to traditional static and macro flow chamber assays for biofilm formation studies, microfluidic chips allow in situ monitoring of biofilm formation under various flow regimes, have better environment control and smaller sample requirements.
In this work, a novel microfluidic platform is developed to investigate biofilm adhesion under precisely controlled bacteria concentration, temperature, and flow conditions. This platform central unit is a single-inlet microfluidic flow cell with a 5 mm wide chamber designed and tested to achieve ultra-homogenous flow in the central area of chamber. Within this area, defined microstructures are integrated that will disturb the homogeneity of the flow, thus changing bacterial adhesion pattern.
Here we present the monitoring of bacterial biofilm formation in a microfluidic chip equipped with a microstructure known as micro-trap. This feature is based on a 3D bacteria trap designed by Di Giacomo et al. and successfully used to sequester motile bacteria.
At first, fluorescent particles similar in size to Escherichia coli (E. coli) are used to simulate bacteria flow inside the flow cell and at the micro-trap. The turbulences induced by the trap are analyzed by imaging and particle tracking velocimetry (PTV). Secondly, the model strain E. coli TG1, ideal and well described for biofilm studies, is used to analyze biofilm formation in the micro-trap. Therefore, a stable fluorescent strain E. coli TG1-MRE-Tn7-141 is constructed by using Tn7 transposon mutagenesis according to the method described by Schlechter et al. Sequestering of E. coli cells within the micro-trap was followed using epifluorescence microscopy.
The novel microfluidic platform shows great potential for assessment of bacterial adhesion under various flow regimes. The performance of structural feature with respect to the generation of turbulences that promote or reduce bacterial adhesion can be systematically examined.
The combination of flow analysis and fluorescent strain injection into the microfluidic chip shows that the micro-trap is useful for capturing bacteria at defined positions and to study how flow conditions, especially micro-turbulences, can affect biofilm formation. It represents a powerful and versatile tool for studying the relation between topography and bacteria adhesion.
During the last decades the material composition of buildings has become increasingly diverse. However, largely sorted material flows are needed for generating high quality secondary building materials. The use of secondary building materials can meet the requirements of sustainability in several ways: the extended time availability of primary raw materials and, thereby, the preservation of natural resources as well as the conservation of landfill sites.
Recycling of gypsum (calcium sulfate) can be a good example for the environmental benefits of closed-loop recycling. The content of sulfates in other secondary building materials, in particular in recycled concrete aggregates, should be minimized for quality reasons. In contrast, separated gypsum can also be used in gypsum production if the high quality requirements for the recycled gypsum are met. Since almost all processing steps in the recycling process are associated with environmental impacts, an environmental evaluation of the use of recycled gypsum as a substitute in gypsum production has to be carefully conducted.
This paper focusses on the techniques for generating recycled gypsum from gypsum plasterboards, the related quality requirements and a comprehensive environmental evaluation of the complete process.
The use of secondary building materials can meet the requirements of sustainability in several ways: the extended time availability of primary raw materials and, thereby, the protection of natural ressources as well as the conservation of landfill sites. Regarding the predicted decrease of gypsum supply in Germany, particularly the recycling of gypsum (calcium sulfate) is of growing importance. Currently, the gypsum demand is fulfilled (at least 60%) by gypsum as side product from coal-fired power plants (FGD Gypsum). Germany’s natural gypsum deposits fulfil the remaining gypsum demand. Due to national climate protection goals the gypsum supply from coal power plants will decrease significantly in the future.
In addition, the content of sulfates in other secondary building materials, in particular in recycled concrete aggregates, should be minimized for quality reasons. Separated gypsum can be used in gypsum production if the high quality requirements for recycled gypsum are met. Accordingly, there have been significant advancements in the processing of gypsum residues in the last years. Since almost all processing steps in the recycling process are associated with environmental impacts, an evironmental evaluation of the use of recycled gypsum as a substitute in gypsum production has to be carefully conducted.
The presentation focusses on the techniques for generating recycled gypsum from gypsum plaster boards, the related quality requirements and a comprehensive environmental evaluation of the complete process.
Gypsum (calcium sulfate dihydrate) has excellent building material properties and has been widely used in constructions in the last decades in many countries. Accordingly, an increase of waste gypsum in C&D waste is expected in the upcoming years. On one hand, sulfates are unwanted in other secondary building materials (particularly in recycled concrete aggregates) and should be minimized for quality reasons. On the other hand, used gypsum from CDW can also be used in gypsum production if the high quality requirements for the recycled gypsum – especially regarding the sorting accuracy - are met.
A large percentage of the gypsum from buildings was installed as gypsum plasterboards in interior fittings so far. Gypsum plasterboards are comparatively simple to remove and to separate during selective dismantling. Therefore, a high sorting purity can be achieved. In addition, techniques for the recycling of gypsum plasterboards already exist and high quality standards can be achieved. Also, the reuse in gypsum production has been improved in the last decade. Furthermore, an environmental evaluation of the whole process of gypsum plasterboard recycling and reuse showed that this approach can be environmentally advantageous. Therefore, a closed-loop recycling of gypsum plasterboards is feasible.
This poster will show the development of gypsum consumption in different countries as well as a prognosis for the upcoming of gypsum in CDW in the future decades in Germany. Furthermore, a simplified scheme of the recycling process and selected results from an environmental evaluation will be presented.