4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (91)
- Posterpräsentation (62)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (15)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (11)
- Buchkapitel (3)
- Dissertation (3)
- Forschungsbericht (3)
- Sonstiges (2)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (1)
- Video (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (160)
- Deutsch (30)
- Chinesisch (2)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (192) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (39)
- Antimicrobial resistance (28)
- MIC (21)
- Corrosion (19)
- Biofilms (18)
- Bacteria (16)
- Methanogens (13)
- Evolution (12)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (11)
- E. coli (10)
- Antimicrobial coating (9)
- Biocide (9)
- Resistance (9)
- Archaea (8)
- Disinfection (8)
- Microbiology (8)
- NAP-XPS (8)
- Persistence (8)
- Standardization (8)
- Biofilm (7)
- Horizontal gene transfer HGT (7)
- Resistance evolution (7)
- Korrosion (6)
- Tolerance (6)
- Alginate (5)
- Antibiotics (5)
- Biocide tolerance (5)
- Environmental Simulation (5)
- Heterogeneity (5)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (5)
- Risk assessment (5)
- Single cell analysis (5)
- Termites (5)
- Umweltsimulation (5)
- Bacterial adhesion (4)
- Corrosion products (4)
- Cross-resistance (4)
- Glutaraldehyde (4)
- Hi-Tension (4)
- Holzschutz (4)
- Horizontal gene transfer (4)
- Kulturgut (4)
- Mutation rate (4)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (4)
- Anobium punctatum (3)
- Anoxia (3)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (3)
- Antimicrobials (3)
- Antimikrobielle Resistenz (3)
- Antmikrobielle Oberflächen (3)
- Biofilm formation (3)
- Biozide (3)
- Carbon steel (3)
- DIN (3)
- Ectoine (3)
- Environmental simulation (3)
- FIB/SEM (3)
- Flow Model (3)
- LIPSS (3)
- Methanogen (3)
- Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (3)
- Modelling (3)
- Normung (3)
- Phenotypic diversity (3)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (3)
- Standardisierung (3)
- Sulfate reducing bacteria (3)
- Termite (3)
- Wastewater (3)
- Wood protection (3)
- XPS (3)
- Antibiotic resisitance (2)
- Antimicrobial (2)
- Apanteles carpatus (2)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (2)
- Baryscapus tineivorus (2)
- Biocorrosion (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biofilm growth (2)
- Biotechnology (2)
- CEN (2)
- Carbon steel corrosion (2)
- Corrosion evolution (2)
- Corynetes caeruleus (2)
- Desinfectant (2)
- Disinfectants (2)
- Disposal repository (2)
- E.coli (2)
- Environmental condition (2)
- HAXPES (2)
- HI-Tension (2)
- Halomonas CRISPR Ectoine (2)
- IPM (2)
- ISO (2)
- Immunity (2)
- Ir DNA staining approach (2)
- Iron (2)
- LA-ICP-MS (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Method development (2)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (2)
- Microorganism (2)
- Mikroorganismen (2)
- Modelling studies (2)
- NanoSIMS (2)
- Nanoparticles (2)
- Nitrogen (2)
- Nuclear waste (2)
- Optics (2)
- Persister cells (2)
- Pollutants (2)
- Risk assesment (2)
- Schadstoffaustrag (2)
- Schimmel (2)
- Single cell (2)
- Tineola bisselliella (2)
- 2D nanomaterials (1)
- AMR (1)
- Academia (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Analytical standards (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antagonism (1)
- Anti-microbial effects (1)
- Antiadhesive surfaces (1)
- Antibakterielle Oberflächen (1)
- Antibiotic (1)
- Antimicrobial Resistance (1)
- Antimicrobial resistances (1)
- Aspergillus flavus (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Auslaugtests (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacteria-repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Bacterial growth (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Bankia sp (1)
- Bauprodukte (1)
- Bestandserhaltung (1)
- Bewitterung (1)
- Biofilme (1)
- Bioilm (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biological Control (1)
- Biological control (1)
- Biological pest control (1)
- Biologische Bekämpfung (1)
- Biotische/abiotische Faktoren (1)
- Blauer Engel (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- COST (1)
- COST Action (1)
- CRISPR dCas9 (1)
- Calcareous deposits (1)
- Cast iron (1)
- Cathodic protection (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Conditioning layer (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Construction Products (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Controlled atmosphere (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Corrosion environment (1)
- Corrosion product (1)
- Cribellate spiders (1)
- Cultural Heritage (1)
- Cultural heritage (1)
- DIN EN 350 (1)
- DNA barcode (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Durability (1)
- E$volution (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Efflux (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Essential oils (1)
- Europa (1)
- Experimental evolution (1)
- Femtosecond laser processing (1)
- Flammschutzmittel (1)
- Flow chamber system (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Flow-System (1)
- Flow-system (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Flügel (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Force distance curve (1)
- Functionalized graphene (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Fungicidal property (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gebindekonservierung (1)
- Geological formation (1)
- Gesteinskorrosion (1)
- Gütezeichen (1)
- H2-Abbau (1)
- Halomonas elongata (1)
- Halophile (1)
- Halophilic (1)
- Hausbock (1)
- Hausbockkäfer (1)
- Herteogeneous phenotypes (1)
- High salinity (1)
- Holzschutz, (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. (1)
- IPM in museums (1)
- ISO22196 (1)
- Implants (1)
- In situ (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Initial attachment (1)
- Interdisciplinary (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Isothiazolinone (1)
- Kleidermotte (1)
- Kontamination von H2 (1)
- Korynetes caeruleus (1)
- Kraftstoffabbau (1)
- Kraftstoffbehälter (1)
- Kulturelle Entomologie (1)
- Lake Cadagno (1)
- Laser processing (1)
- Laser structuring (1)
- Laser-Materialbearbeitung (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Leaching (1)
- Library pests (1)
- Life history data (1)
- Lightning talk (1)
- Limnoria spp (1)
- Low alloy steel (1)
- MDG ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- MIC Island (1)
- MIC projekt (1)
- Marine borers (1)
- Material degradation (1)
- Materials (1)
- Metal organic frameworks (1)
- Metal reducing bacteria (1)
- Metallkorrosion (1)
- Metalls (1)
- Methanogene (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Methode (1)
- Microbial (1)
- Microbial community modelling (1)
- Microbial survival mechanisms (1)
- Microbiologically Influrenced Corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrobielle Gemeinschaft (1)
- Mircobially influcenced corrosion (1)
- Model (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Museum (1)
- Museum Pests (1)
- Museum insect pest (1)
- Museum pests (1)
- Museumsschädling (1)
- Museumsschädlinge (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano metal fluorides (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Near ambient pressure XPS (1)
- Neozoon (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- Norm (1)
- Nuclear waste disposal (1)
- Oberflächenfunktionalisierung (1)
- Oil and gas reservoir (1)
- Oilfield (1)
- Osmophobic effect (1)
- PBFSM (1)
- PE-HD (1)
- Paper sizings (1)
- Persian historical recipes (1)
- Persian manuscripts (1)
- Physical and optical characteristics (1)
- Pilz (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Polypropylen (1)
- Polystyrol (1)
- Poster presentation (1)
- Preferential binding (1)
- Preferential exclusion (1)
- Projekte (1)
- Pseudomonas (1)
- RFA (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Religion (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Risikobewertung (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- SEM-EDS (1)
- SRB (1)
- Schmetterlinge (1)
- Selection (1)
- Shale (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Sizing (1)
- Social (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Spectral imaging (1)
- Stainless steel (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standardized test and quantification procedure (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Superhydrophilic surface (1)
- Superhydrophobic surface (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Synchrotron-XPS (1)
- Temperature and humidity (1)
- Teredo sp (1)
- Termite control (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Termiten (1)
- Textilschädling (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Trait-based ecology (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- Ultrakurzpuls-Laser (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- Unterirdische Speicher (1)
- Velocimetry (1)
- Vererbung (1)
- Wasserstofflagerung (1)
- Wirksamkeit (1)
- X-ray spectroscopic techniques (1)
- XANES (1)
- XRF (1)
- Xestobium rufovillosum (1)
- biocide tolerance (1)
- disinfection (1)
- evolution (1)
- fs-laser processing (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (192) (entfernen)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (91)
Using nanofiber-like cell appendages, secreted proteins and sugars, bacteria can establish initial surface contact followed by irreversible adhesion and the formation of multicellular biofilms. Here, the stabilizing extracellular biofilm matrix together with physiological changes on the single cell level leads to an increased resilience towards harsh environmental conditions, antimicrobials, the host immune response and established cleaning procedures. Persistent microbial adhesion on e.g., medical implants, in water supply networks or food-processing industry is often associated with chronic inflammation, nosocomial and foodborne infections, enhanced biofouling and product contamination. To prevent persistent microbial colonization, antibacterial surface strategies often target the initial steps of biofilm formation and impede adhesion of single cells before a mature biofilm is being formed. While chemical coatings have been widely used, their restricted biocompatibility for eukaryotic cells and attenuated antibacterial-effects due to compound release limit their areas of application and alternative strategies focus on modified surfaces topographies to impede bacterial adhesion. In this work, we used ns-UV laser treatment (wavelength 248 nm and a pulse duration of 20 ns) to generate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with different submicrometric periods ranging from ~210 to ~610 nm on commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) foils. Following structurally and chemically analyses, PET samples were subjected to bacterial colonization studies with Escherichia coli TG1, a bacterial test strain with a strong biofilm formation capacity due to the formation of nanofiber-like cell-appendages (pili). Bacterial adhesion tests revealed that E. coli repellence decisively depends on the spatial periods of the LIPSS with the strongest reduction (~91%) in cell adhesion observed for LIPSS periods of 214 nm. Scanning electron microscopy and additional biofilm studies using a pili-deficient E. coli TG1 strain revealed the importance of extracellular appendages in the bacterial repellence observed here, thus, pointing out new antibiotics-free strategies for antibacterial surfaces by impeding nanofiber-mediated bacterial adhesion.
The processing of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) represents a simple and robust way for the nanostructuring of solids that allows creating a wide range of surface functionalities featuring applications in optics, tribology, medicine, energy technologies, etc. While the currently available laser and scanner technology already allows surface processing rates at the m2/min level, industrial applications of LIPSS are sometimes hampered by the complex interplay between the nanoscale surface topography and the specific surface chemistry. This typically manifests in difficulties to control the processing of LIPSS and in limitations to ensure the long-term stability of the created surface functions. This presentation aims to identify some unsolved scientific problems related to LIPSS, discusses the pending technological limitations, and sketches the current state of theoretical modelling. Hereby, it is intended to stimulate further research and developments in the field of LIPSS for overcoming these limitations and for supporting the transfer of the LIPSS technology into industry.
The exposure to antimicrobial substances drives the evolution of antimicrobial resistance. Biocides are antimicrobials used as disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives. They find application on a large scale in the industrial and medical sector, but also in private households. In terms of mass, the worldwide use of biocides exceeds that of antibiotics. Thus, despite their important role in preventing the spread of pathogens, due to their ubiquity, biocides are suspected to be drivers of the antimicrobial resistance crisis. In our work at BAM we try to understand how biocides contribute to the emergence of AMR, what the underlying adaptation principles and mechanisms are and how they compare to those found for antibiotics. Within our group, I mainly focus on the following two questions: How does phenotypic heterogeneity in bacteria affect the ability to survive treatment with biocides? And what are the consequences of phenotypic heterogeneity for the evolution of resistance to biocides and antibiotics?
I will share published and unpublished results which demonstrate that phenotypic heterogeneity can enable the survival of biocide treatment and, through this, facilitate the evolution of AMR. On the other hand, we find that adaptation to a biocide can unexpectedly impair the ability to evolve resistance against an antibiotic.
The tropical environment of Sri Lanka accelerates bio-deterioration of cultural objects. Termites are one of the most damaging insect pests destroying the cellulose components of historical artifacts. Herbal extracts obtained from resin of Vateria copallifera (Retzius) Alston and seeds of Madhuca longifolia (Konig) Macbride have been used for centuries to preserve e.g. palm leaf manuscripts from insect attack. Herbal extractions of these traditional products for palm leaf manuscript were tested for their effect against the termite species Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 1909. Natural and artificial aged herbal extractions were tested to obtain a repellent index. Resin oil of V. copallifera caused slightly higher repellencies than M. longifolia. Artificially aged samples produced lower repellencies than naturally aged samples. The results indicate that the active ingredients are volatile. The potential for barrier treatment was tested only with V. copallifera. Tunnelling-behavior of C. formosanus workers through sand in the presence of V. copallifera resin oil was largely reduced.
Die Normenreihe DIN 68800 ist Ende der 2000er Jahre komplett überarbeitet worden. Der Kommentar bietet den interessierten Kreisen der Bauaufsicht, des Holzbaus, der Holzschutzmittelindustrie, der Wissenschaft, den Prüfinstituten, der Sägeindustrie, den Umweltverbänden, den Verbrauchern, den Schädlingsbekämpfern und Architekten wertvolle Hilfen bei der Anwendung und Interpretation der Norm.
In dieser Präsentation wurden dem Beirat Umwelt die High-Lights und der weitere Ausblick des Foresight Process MIC vorgestellt. Im Fokus stehen hierbei insbesondere die neu angelaufenen Projekte:
COST Action Euro-MIC
MIC im Endlager
Hydrogen: MIC & Wasserstoffversprödung
Biorezeptivität von Betonoberflächen
Mitigation schwarze Pilze
WIPANO ResTest
Phenotypic heterogeneity in disinfection: sources and consequences for antimicrobial resistance
(2022)
A summary of projects here at BAM which investigate the influence of phenotypic heterogeneity on the outcome of disinfection and the influence on antimicrobial resistance. This presentation was given in the Theory Seminar of the Quantitative and Theoretical Biology group of Prof. Oliver Ebenhöh at HHU Düsseldorf
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an important global health problem. The environment has been regocnized as an improtant compartment for the occurance, evolution and transmission of AMR. Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with the environment and natural microbial communities through direct application and passive leaching from protected materials. It has been shown that environmental contaminants, such as antibiotics, metals and pesticides, can affect resistance evolution and spread by modifying the underlying processes of de novo mutagenesis, horizontal gene transfer and selection. However, it is unknown if material preservatives are involved in these processes and thereby can also drive AMR in the environment. Here, we investigate the effect of material preservatives on rates of de novo mutation and horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in Escherichia coli and the model soil microorganisms Acinetobacter baylyi and Bacillus subtilis. To this end, we determined the effects of material preservatives on the mutation rates and HGT with the Luria-Delbrück fluctuation assay and a conjugation assay with the broad host-range plasmid pKJK5 and a transformation assay. Our data shows that the quaternary ammonium compound DDAC, copper, the pyrethroid insecticide permethrin and the azole fungicide propiconazole significantly increase mutation rates in E. coli, whereas A. baylyi and B. subtilis are not significantly affected. Moreover, we show that the carbamate IPBC and the insecticide permethrin affect HGT in a concentration dependent manner. Investigations with reporter strains for bacterial stress response pathways show that induction of the general stress response (rpoS) and components of the SOS response (recA) underlie the effects of most biocides on mutation rates and HGT. Taken together, our data is important for assessing the contribution of biocides on AMR evolution and spread in the environment.
Die Bewertung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten ist ein zentrales Thema im Holzschutz. Es wird zwischen einer natürlichen und einer herbeigeführten Dauerhaftigkeit unterschieden. Die Norm DIN EN 350 trägt beiden Richtungen Rechnung. Die Anwendung der Norm wird in vielen Fällen aber nicht korrekt durchgeführt. Schwachstellen werden diskutiert.
Wood-destroying pests such as Anobium punctatum and Xestobium rufovillosum cause damage to art and cultural objects as well as to buildings. Monitoring population dynamics of pest species as well as of their naturally occurring counterparts are an essential part in the development of biological control measures as alternatives to conventional wood protection. Therefore, both the dispersal and homogeneity of pest and beneficial insect populations across multiple sites and buildings were investigated in the present study using DNA barcoding. Specifically, beetles of Anobium punctatum (de Geer 1774) (Coleoptera, Ptinidae), Xestobium rufovillosum (de Geer, 1974) (Coloeptera, Ptinidae), and Korynetes caeruleus (de Geer 1775) (Coleoptera, Cleridae) were collected from buildings at four different sites in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania, North-Eastern Germany. DNA analysis was performed using mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). For A. punctatum, low base pair variability was found in the gene segment studied (4-5 SNPs) within one building (Greven) and between four spatially separated sites. Conversely, in X. rufovillosum, the sequences from two sites studied were homogeneous within a site but differed between locations by nine base pair positions (SNPs). The main result of this study is that the pests A. punctatum and X. rufovillosum showed a higher variability in the investigated gene segment than the natural counterpart K. caeruleus.
The role of methanogens in microbiologically influenced corrosion (Mi-MIC) is often neglected, due to 1) low reported corrosion rates and 2) the suspected corrosion product siderite, which is electrically non-conductive. Typically, MIC corrosion studies are carried out using batch cultures, which did not represent the dynamic conditions, i.e. pipeline and provide insufficient information on the overall corrosion potential.
We established a unique approach, a multiport flow column (MFC), to simulate pipeline conditions and obtained 10-times higher corrosion rates than previously published. Our result showed that testing procedures have a large impact on the corrosive potential of methanogens. We found strong indications with a combination of ToF-SIMS, SEM-EDS and FIB-SEM analyses that siderite is not the sole corrosion product. The corrosion layers contain phosphorus, oxygen, magnesium, calcium and iron. To verify and deepen our understanding of Mi-MIC, we are currently studying the influence of other environmental parameters (e.g. pH) on Mi-MIC.
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a now well-known challenge and affects industry, society and infrastructure. For a long time, the impact of methanogen-induced MIC (Mi-MIC) was underestimated. This was mainly due to the rather low published corrosion rates and the presumed corrosion product siderite, which is not electrically conductive. In our laboratory, we were able to show that this trivialization or underestimation of Mi-MIC was due to the nature of the testing. The static systems used so far do not provide environmentally relevant information about the corrosion rate and the corrosion product, especially for methanogens
To further illustrate the importance of the environment on the MIC process, we established a multiport flow column (MFC), to simulate the natural environment. With this method, and in contrast to published results using the static conditions, we obtained ten times higher corrosion rates. We analyzed the corrosion products with a combination of techniques, like ToF-SIMS, SEM-EDS and FIB-SEM, and found strong evidence that siderite is not the sole corrosion product of Mi-MIC. The corrosion layers contain phosphorus, oxygen, magnesium, calcium and iron and lacked on carbon-related species. It is hypothesized that methanogens may have influenced the nucleation process of siderite, converting bicarbonate into carbon dioxide for methanogenesis. This results in increased localized corrosion and reduced siderite formation. To verify and deepen our understanding of Mi-MIC, we are currently studying the influence of additional environmental parameters (e.g. pH, salinity, flow rate etc.) on Mi-MIC and the subsequent impacts on corrosion rates and the corrosion products.
Overall, results of this study will expand the current understanding of MIC from both analytical and mechanistic points of view, thus aiding the development of different mitigation strategies for various industry sectors.
Corrosion is a very expensive and serious problem in the different industry sectors, eg. Petroleum-, On- and off-shore, infrastructure. It is estimated that 20% of all corrosion damage is caused by microorganisms or microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Several microorganisms are known to cause corrosion, including sulfate-reducing bacteria, nitrate-reducing bacteria, methanogens etc. For several years, methanogens were regarded as a mild corroder (~0.065 mm/yr), largely due to a lack of detailed investigation on the corrosion mechanism under real-environment simulated conditions. Resulting in the common belief that siderite, a non-conductive compound, is the sole corrosion product (CP) of methanogen-induced MIC (Mi-MIC).
To simulate natural environmental conditions, we developed and introduced the multiport flow column system (MFC), a multi-sectional corrosion flow-cell. Using the MFC, we obtained ten times higher corrosion rates than previously reported. With a combination of several analytical techniques, such as ToF-SIMS, SEM-EDS and FIB-SEM, we found strong indication that siderite is not the sole corrosion product of Mi-MIC. The corrosion layers contained phosphorus, oxygen, magnesium, calcium and iron. The differences in the CP between static and dynamic environments demonstrated the impact of testing procedures on the corrosive potential of methanogens. To further verify and deepen our understanding of Mi-MIC, we are currently studying the influence of additional environmental parameters (e.g. pH, salinity, flow rate) on Mi-MIC.
Overall, results of this study will expand the current understanding of MIC from both analytical and mechanistic points of view, thus aiding the development of different mitigation strategies for various industry sectors.
Der Fachbereich 7.6 untersucht seit einiger Zeit an Auslagerungsständen auf dem Testgelände in Horstwalde Korrosion im maritimen Bereich. Im Moment läuft das System mit künstlichem Meerwasser und simuliert die Bewitterung von Metallproben unter angenäherten klimatischen Bedingungen ähnlich zum natürlichem Habitat. Im Laufe der Zeit konnte nicht intendierter mikrobieller bewuchs beobachtet werden. Es stellte sich die Frage, welche Mikroorganismen vorlagen und ob diese einen Einfluss auf die Korrosionsuntersuchungen haben könnte. Aus diesem Grund wurden 16S-rRNA Untersuchungen durchgeführt welche alle drei Domänen des Lebens widerspiegeln Bakterien, Archaea und Eukaryoten. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass über 95% der vorliegenden Biomasse Grünalgen waren, die durch Licht Eintrag in den Container Photosynthese betrieben und dadurch an Biomasse zunahmen. Des weiteren konnten Bakterien detektiert werden, welche in der Regel halophilen und aeroben Habitaten zu finden sind. Allerdings wurden auch Sulfat reduzierende Bakterien (MIC) detektiert, wenn auch in einem geringen prozentualen Anteil. Es muss allerdings Berücksichtigt werden, dass die mikrobielle Zusammensetzung sich im Laufe der Zeit weiter ändern kann. Als Ursprung der Biomasse wird, das künstliche Sediment vermutet. Außerdem wäre es für zukünftige Experiment denkbar, das System mit echtem Sediment aus dem marinen Habitat anzuimpfen.
Antimicrobial surfaces have broad use in multiple settings including touch surfaces in hospitals, implanted devices, or consumer products. Their aim is to support existing hygiene procedures, and to help combat the increasing threat of antimicrobial resistance. However, concerns have been raised over the potential selection pressure exerted by such surfaces, which might drive the evolution and spread of antimicrobial resistance. In my presentation, I will highlight the risks and knowledge gaps associated with resistance on antimicrobial surfaces by different processes including evolution by de novo mutations and horizontal gene transfer, and species sorting of inherently resistant bacteria dispersed onto antimicrobial surfaces. The latter process has the potential to select for antibiotic resistance via cross-resistance between traits that confer resistance to both the antimicrobial surface coating and antibiotics. Conditions in which antibiotics and antimicrobial coatings are present simultaneously (e.g. implants) will lead to more complex interactions that can either result in the selection for or against antibiotic resistance. We mapped these interactions between several antimicrobials and antibiotics on growth and selection of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We find prevalent physiological (i.e. synergy and antagonism) and evolutionary (i.e. cross-resistance and collateral sensitivity) combination effects. Understanding these interactions opens the door to tailor therapeutic interventions to select against resistance. In additions, we need new methods and translational studies that investigate resistance development to antimicrobial surfaces under realistic conditions. Therefore, I will present recent developments in our lab on the development of such a method based on existing efficacy standards.
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion (MIC) is a phenomenon that is increasingly becoming a problem
for the society. MIC describes the negative effects a material can experience due to the presence of
microorganisms. In Europe, several research groups/ other industrial stakeholders are already dealing with
MIC. Unfortunately, the discussions are fragmented and the exchange of information is limited. A true
transdisciplinary approach is hardly ever experienced, although this would be logical for this
material/biology related challenge.
USA, Canada and Australia have strong networks, and develop methods, prevention measures and
standards, which Europe is forced to use, since nothing similar exists for a network and combined
knowledge to design them according to european standards. This makes Europe extremely dependent and,
in some cases, the potential measures or standards cannot been used because the suggested solutions
are prohibited by European laws (e.g. use of biocides).
Therefore, it is important to initiate a new European MIC-network. Europe needs to combine the efforts as
experts in different fields and develop prevention measures according to the European rules, in close
cooperation with industry and plant operators and owners of critical infrastructure. This COST Action will
provide the necessary interaction and communication, knowledge sharing, training of personnel and of
researchers of different disciplines. This will bring Europe to a leading role in this process, bringing ideas on
an equal level with other nations, considering the values which are important for Europe and attitudes (e.g.environmental protection) and representing greater protection for people, property and the environment.
The main aim and objective of the Action is to , in the context of MIC-research/control, encourage a
fluent/synergistic collaboration/communication, closing the gap between materials scientists, engineers,
microbiologists, chemists and integrity managers to encourage sufficient interaction between academia and
industry. This Action will create a common MIC-Network, including the important stakeholders.
In recent years, the fabrication of laser-generated surface structures on metals such as titanium surfaces have gained remarkable interests, being technologically relevant for applications in optics, medicine, fluid transport, tribology, and wetting of surfaces.
The morphology of these structures, and so their chemistry, is influenced by the different laser processing parameters such as the laser fluence, wavelength, pulse repetition rate, laser light polarization type and direction, angle of incidence, and the effective number of laser pulses per beam spot area.
However, the characterization of the different surface structures can be difficult because of constraints regarding the analytical information from both depth and the topographic artifacts which may limit the lateral and depth resolution of elemental distributions as well as their proper quantification. A promising technique to investigate these structures even at the nano-scale is Time-of-Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (ToF-SIMS), a very surface sensitive technique that at the same time allows to perform depth-profiling, imaging and 3D-reconstruction of selected ion-sputter fragment distributions on the surface.
In this study we combine chemical analyses such as Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses with ToF-SIMS to fully characterize the evolution of various types of laser-generated micro- and nanostructures formed on Ti and Ti alloys at different laser fluence levels, effective number of pulses and at different pulse repetition rates (1 – 400 kHz), following irradiation by near-infrared ultrashort laser pulses (925 fs, 1030 nm) in air environment or under argon gas flow.
We show how this combined surface analytical approach allows to evaluate alteration in the surface chemistry of the laser-generated surface structures depending on the laser processing parameters and the ambient environment.
The latest ICP-MS technology - ICP-ToF (time of flight)-MS – enables the analysis of the multi-element fingerprint of individual cells. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering corrosion processes. Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable phenomenon due to the influence of the environment, microbial communities involved and the respective electron source. However, the interaction pathway between cells and the metal surface remains unclear. The development of the MIC-specific ICP-ToF-MS analytical method presented here at the single cell level, in combination with the investigation of steel-MIC interactions, contributes significantly to progress in instrumental MIC analysis and will enable clarification of the processes taking place. For this, a MIC-specific staining procedure was developed. It allows the analysis of archaea at a single cell level and provides information about the interaction of the cells with the staining agent which is extremely scarce compared to other well characterized organisms. Additionally, the single cell ICP-ToF-MS is used for the analysis of archaea involved in MIC of steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated - the information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials.