4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (91)
- Posterpräsentation (62)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (16)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (11)
- Buchkapitel (3)
- Forschungsbericht (3)
- Dissertation (2)
- Sonstiges (2)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (1)
- Video (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (160)
- Deutsch (30)
- Chinesisch (2)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (192) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (38)
- Antimicrobial resistance (28)
- MIC (21)
- Corrosion (19)
- Biofilms (18)
- Bacteria (16)
- Methanogens (13)
- Evolution (12)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (11)
- E. coli (10)
- Antimicrobial coating (9)
- Biocide (9)
- Resistance (9)
- Archaea (8)
- Disinfection (8)
- Microbiology (8)
- NAP-XPS (8)
- Persistence (8)
- Standardization (8)
- Biofilm (7)
- Horizontal gene transfer HGT (7)
- Resistance evolution (7)
- Korrosion (6)
- Tolerance (6)
- Alginate (5)
- Antibiotics (5)
- Biocide tolerance (5)
- Environmental Simulation (5)
- Heterogeneity (5)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (5)
- Risk assessment (5)
- Single cell analysis (5)
- Termites (5)
- Umweltsimulation (5)
- Bacterial adhesion (4)
- Corrosion products (4)
- Cross-resistance (4)
- Glutaraldehyde (4)
- Hi-Tension (4)
- Holzschutz (4)
- Horizontal gene transfer (4)
- Kulturgut (4)
- Mutation rate (4)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (4)
- Anobium punctatum (3)
- Anoxia (3)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (3)
- Antimicrobials (3)
- Antimikrobielle Resistenz (3)
- Antmikrobielle Oberflächen (3)
- Biofilm formation (3)
- Biozide (3)
- Carbon steel (3)
- DIN (3)
- Ectoine (3)
- Environmental simulation (3)
- FIB/SEM (3)
- Flow Model (3)
- LIPSS (3)
- Methanogen (3)
- Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (3)
- Modelling (3)
- Normung (3)
- Phenotypic diversity (3)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (3)
- Standardisierung (3)
- Sulfate reducing bacteria (3)
- Termite (3)
- Wastewater (3)
- Wood protection (3)
- XPS (3)
- Antibiotic resisitance (2)
- Antimicrobial (2)
- Apanteles carpatus (2)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (2)
- Baryscapus tineivorus (2)
- Biocorrosion (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biofilm growth (2)
- Biotechnology (2)
- CEN (2)
- Carbon steel corrosion (2)
- Corrosion evolution (2)
- Corynetes caeruleus (2)
- Desinfectant (2)
- Disinfectants (2)
- Disposal repository (2)
- E.coli (2)
- Environmental condition (2)
- HAXPES (2)
- HI-Tension (2)
- Halomonas CRISPR Ectoine (2)
- IPM (2)
- ISO (2)
- Immunity (2)
- Ir DNA staining approach (2)
- Iron (2)
- LA-ICP-MS (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Method development (2)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (2)
- Microorganism (2)
- Mikroorganismen (2)
- Modelling studies (2)
- NanoSIMS (2)
- Nanoparticles (2)
- Nitrogen (2)
- Nuclear waste (2)
- Optics (2)
- Persister cells (2)
- Pollutants (2)
- Risk assesment (2)
- Schadstoffaustrag (2)
- Schimmel (2)
- Single cell (2)
- Tineola bisselliella (2)
- 2D nanomaterials (1)
- AMR (1)
- Academia (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Analytical standards (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antagonism (1)
- Anti-microbial effects (1)
- Antiadhesive surfaces (1)
- Antibakterielle Oberflächen (1)
- Antibiotic (1)
- Antimicrobial Resistance (1)
- Aspergillus flavus (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Auslaugtests (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacteria-repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Bacterial growth (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Bankia sp (1)
- Bauprodukte (1)
- Bestandserhaltung (1)
- Bewitterung (1)
- Biofilme (1)
- Bioilm (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biokorrosion (1)
- Biological Control (1)
- Biological control (1)
- Biological pest control (1)
- Biologische Bekämpfung (1)
- Biotische/abiotische Faktoren (1)
- Blauer Engel (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- COST (1)
- COST Action (1)
- CRISPR dCas9 (1)
- Calcareous deposits (1)
- Cast iron (1)
- Cathodic protection (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Conditioning layer (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Construction Products (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Controlled atmosphere (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Corrosion environment (1)
- Corrosion product (1)
- Cribellate spiders (1)
- Cultural Heritage (1)
- Cultural heritage (1)
- DIN EN 350 (1)
- DNA barcode (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Durability (1)
- E$volution (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Efflux (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Essential oils (1)
- Europa (1)
- Experimental evolution (1)
- Femtosecond laser processing (1)
- Flammschutzmittel (1)
- Flow chamber system (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Flow-System (1)
- Flow-system (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Flügel (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Force distance curve (1)
- Functionalized graphene (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Fungicidal property (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gebindekonservierung (1)
- Geological formation (1)
- Gesteinskorrosion (1)
- Gütezeichen (1)
- H2-Abbau (1)
- Halomonas elongata (1)
- Halophile (1)
- Halophilic (1)
- Hausbock (1)
- Hausbockkäfer (1)
- Herteogeneous phenotypes (1)
- High salinity (1)
- Holzschutz, (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrogenasen (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. (1)
- IPM in museums (1)
- ISO22196 (1)
- Implants (1)
- In situ (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Initial attachment (1)
- Interdisciplinary (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Isothiazolinone (1)
- Kleidermotte (1)
- Kontamination von H2 (1)
- Korynetes caeruleus (1)
- Kraftstoffabbau (1)
- Kraftstoffbehälter (1)
- Kulturelle Entomologie (1)
- Lake Cadagno (1)
- Laser processing (1)
- Laser structuring (1)
- Laser-Materialbearbeitung (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Leaching (1)
- Library pests (1)
- Life history data (1)
- Lightning talk (1)
- Limnoria spp (1)
- Low alloy steel (1)
- MDG ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- MIC Island (1)
- MIC projekt (1)
- Marine borers (1)
- Material degradation (1)
- Materials (1)
- Metal organic frameworks (1)
- Metal reducing bacteria (1)
- Metallkorrosion (1)
- Metalls (1)
- Methanogene (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Methode (1)
- Microbial (1)
- Microbial community modelling (1)
- Microbially Induced Corrosion (1)
- Microbiologically Influrenced Corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrobielle Gemeinschaft (1)
- Mircobially influcenced corrosion (1)
- Model (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Museum (1)
- Museum Pests (1)
- Museum insect pest (1)
- Museum pests (1)
- Museumsschädling (1)
- Museumsschädlinge (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano metal fluorides (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Near ambient pressure XPS (1)
- Neozoon (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- Norm (1)
- Nuclear waste disposal (1)
- Oberflächenfunktionalisierung (1)
- Oil and gas reservoir (1)
- Oilfield (1)
- Osmophobic effect (1)
- PBFSM (1)
- PE-HD (1)
- Paper sizings (1)
- Persian historical recipes (1)
- Persian manuscripts (1)
- Physical and optical characteristics (1)
- Pilz (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Polypropylen (1)
- Polystyrol (1)
- Poster presentation (1)
- Preferential binding (1)
- Preferential exclusion (1)
- Projekte (1)
- Pseudomonas (1)
- RFA (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Religion (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Risikobewertung (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- SEM-EDS (1)
- SRB (1)
- Schmetterlinge (1)
- Selection (1)
- Shale (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Sizing (1)
- Social (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Spectral imaging (1)
- Stainless steel (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standardized test and quantification procedure (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Superhydrophilic surface (1)
- Superhydrophobic surface (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Synchrotron-XPS (1)
- Temperature and humidity (1)
- Teredo sp (1)
- Termite control (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Termiten (1)
- Textilschädling (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Trait-based ecology (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- Ultrakurzpuls-Laser (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- Unterirdische Speicher (1)
- Velocimetry (1)
- Vererbung (1)
- Wasserstofflagerung (1)
- Wirksamkeit (1)
- X-ray spectroscopic techniques (1)
- XANES (1)
- XRF (1)
- Xestobium rufovillosum (1)
- biocide tolerance (1)
- disinfection (1)
- evolution (1)
- fs-laser processing (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (192) (entfernen)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (91)
Viele Menschen erfreuen sich an Schmetterlingen. Besonders die farbfrohen Tagfalter lösen angenehme Gefühle aus. In der kulturellen Entomologie haben Schmetterlinge daher einen hohen Stellenwert, so auch in der schöngeistigen Literatur. Eine aktuelle stichprobenartige Untersuchung von 54 Büchern der deutschsprachigen Belletristik mit Insektenbezug im Titel oder auf dem Cover zeigte, dass sich zwei Drittel von ihnen des Schmetterlingnarrativs bedienten. Die folgende Analyse setzte das Ergebnis in einen historischen Bezug zur Verwendung von Insektenvorbildern in der Unterhaltungsliteratur und in Autorenbiografien. Die besondere Stellung der Schmetterlinge wird dabei geschichtlich als Relikt einer kulturellen Genese mit mythologisch-religiösen Wurzeln interpretiert. Im antiken Griechenland wurde die Bezeichnung Psyche mit bewusster Doppelbedeutung für Schmetterling und Seele verwendet. Im Hellenismus wurden die Seele und Seelenwesen wie z. B. die Daimons (Genien) oftmals mit Schmetterlingsflügeln dargestellt. Auch in den levantinischen Religionen wurden einzelne Gottheiten und Schutzgeister mit Flügeln nach Schmetterlingsart, jedoch aus Vogelfedern bestehend, abgebildet. Mit der Entstehung und Verbreitung der monotheistischen Lehren gingen viele dieser geflügelten Glaubenswesen dann in die Engelschöre über. Auch wenn die Flügel der Engel letztendlich wahrscheinlich von denen der Vögel abzuleiten sind, bleibt ein starker emotionaler Bezug zu den Schmetterlingen, der weit über den rein ästhetischen ausstrahlt.
A short natural and cultural history of the webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella). It is generally accepted that the natural habitats of most pest insects can be found outside the synanthropic environment in layers of leaf litter, under bark, as well as in rodent or bird nests. Indeed, most of the common fabric pests have been reported as being facultative nidicolous. Therefore, infestation of commodities by pest insects out of these reservoirs is one possibility to be considered. However, the likelihood of a pest´s occurrence and survival outside of the synanthropic habitat largely depends on its ecological potential and competitiveness against other species of the same ecological guild. Some pest species are rarely found in wild habitats, especially in those regions where they are not native and where they have been introduced by man.
The fabric pest Tineola bisselliella serves as a good example. Most likely originating from Central or Southern Africa, this insect was introduced into Europe probably not earlier than the late 18th century. Being more tolerant to dry environments than other fabric pests, its economical importance increased during the 20th century when the indoor climate changed because of central heating systems. Its occurrence in outdoor natural habitats must be regarded as accidental. Reported finds of webbing clothes moth larvae in bird nests e. g. have been largely overstated in the literature. Tineola bisselliella should be regarded as an invasive and eusynanthropic species in most parts of the world.
Normgerechte Ausführung resultiert in Qualität, aber sie ist nicht allein ein Garant auch für hohe Qualität. Hierfür sind begleitend immer auch nachgeordnete Richtlinien wie z. B. spezifische Gütekriterien zu erfüllen. Der Vortrag erklärt die Normungsarbeit auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene und schildert die Stärken aber auch die Schwächen bei der Erstellung von Normen. Dabei ist die Konsensbildung zwischen unterschiedlichen interessierten Kreisen mit deren Partikularinteressen oftmals ein Hindernis, das aber über Zusatzvereinbarungen und der Norm nachgeordneten Regeln überwunden werden kann.
Zu den unerwünschten Gästen im Museum oder im Haushalt gehört zweifelsohne die Kleidermotte Tineola bisselliella. Es sind die Larven dieses Kleinschmetterlings, die die Schäden verursachen. Neben der konventionellen Schadensabwehr besteht die Möglichkeit, Schlupfwespen zur Bekämpfung der Larven einzusetzen. Der Vortrag rekonstruiert die Natur- und Kulturgeschichte der Kleidermotte anhand ökologischer Studien und historischen Indizien.
Rare occurrences of termites in Germany. Termites are typical elements of the tropical and subtropical insect fauna. In Europe, their most northern natural range is southern France, Italy and the South-Balkan region. Only occasionally are termites found in Germany. Their occurrence is always very closely associated with the synanthropic environment. Drywood termites like Cryptotermes brevis or Kalotermis flavicollis were accidentally imported with furniture, wooden artefacts or plant material into homes or indoor arboretums. Similar pathways of termite introduction are described for Coptotermes gestroi and Reticulitermes sp. into tropical botanical gardens and tropical theme parks. Although termites were introduced to Germany several times, successful spreading or long term establishment never occurred due to climatic barriers, namely cold winter temperatures. Only Reticulitermes flavipes formed sustainable colonies in the city of Hamburg for several decades. Originating from the eastern United States of America, this species was introduced in the 1930s with infested wood through the sea port. Small subterranean colonies could survive the winter in areas where pipes of the central heating system kept the ground from freezing. Control efforts of this potentially invasive species of economic importance started early on but failed until modern bait techniques were applied in the year 2000. Currently, termites have not been detected in Hamburg for the last five years.
Uninvited and welcomed guests in museums – biological management of clothes moths and woodworms
(2020)
In museums and historic houses clothes, moths (Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella) and the furniture beetle (Anobium punctatum) are the most economically important pests on textiles or wooden artifacts, respectively. Their management is essential to protect cultural ethnological heritage and natural history collections for future generations.
Pest management strategies have changed over time. Today, intensive knowledge on pest biology and overall material science are key cornerstones in IPM concepts - also for the Museum environment. The important first steps for sustainable pest management are risk assessment, early pest detection and identification of pathways of infestation. These steps are followed by physical and biological means of control, which have lately gained more importance than applying biocides. Several potentially effective biological enemies of clothes moths and woodworm have been known for a long time, but their promotion for pest control in Museums and historic houses is just beginning.
This short review summarizes current concepts of pest life cycle interruption by applying good quarantine and very specific biological measures. The lessons learned from recent faunistic surveys, life-history studies as well as behavioral observations of parasitoids and predators of clothes moths and woodworm may supplement the pest management tool box. The need for further research in this field is addressed.
Uninvited and Welcomed Guests in Museums – Biological management of
clothes moths and woodworms
(2019)
In museums and historic houses clothes, moths (Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella) and the furniture beetle (Anobium punctatum) are the most economically important pests on textiles or wooden artifacts, respectively. Their management is essential to protect cultural ethnological heritage and natural history collections for future generations.
Pest management strategies have changed over time. Today, intensive knowledge on pest biology and overall material science are key cornerstones in IPM concepts - also for the museum environment. The important first steps for sustainable pest management are risk assessment, early pest detection and identification of pathways of infestation. These steps are followed by physical and biological means of control, which have lately gained more importance than applying biocides.
Several potentially effective biological enemies of clothes moths and woodworm have been known for a long time, but their promotion for pest control in museums and historic houses is just beginning.
This short review summarizes current concepts of pest life cycle interruption by applying good quarantine and very specific biological measures. The lessons learned from recent faunistic surveys, life-history studies as well as behavioral observations of parasitoids and predators of clothes moths and woodworm may supplement the pest management tool box. The need for further research in this field is addressed.
Normativ ist der Holzschutz in Deutschland durch die DIN 68800-Reihe geregelt. Die Normungsarbeit in CEN/TC 38 bildet dafür den Rahmen, der national angepasst und fachspezifisch erweitert wurde. Zusammen mit dem Kommentar ergeben beide ein in Europa einzigartiges Regelkompendium im Holzschutz. In Zukunft wird die Regelsetzung noch stärker durch internationale Zusammenarbeit bestimmt sein. Der interkontinentalen Marktöffnung sollten Verständigungen auf gemeinsame Qualitätsstandards vorausgehen.
Gemeiner Nagekäfer und Kleidermotte sind unerwünscht im Museum. Kulturgüter mit Anteilen von Holz, Federn, Wolle, Haare, etc. wie ethnologische oder naturkundliche Sammlungsstücke, aber auch Bilderahmen oder Freilichtmuseen werden von ihnen gerne besucht. Dabei sind es die Jugendstadien (Larven) dieser Insekten, die sich von ungeschützten Exponaten oder Depotstücken, die diese natürlichen Materialien enthalten, ernähren. Die Entwicklung der Larven findet verborgen im Inneren der Materialien statt. Die geflügelten erwachsenen Formen, die sich im freien Raum bewegen, sich fortpflanzen und den Neubefall herbeiführen, treten saisonal sehr begrenzt auf. Eine frühzeitige Detektion der Schädlinge, als erwachsenes Insekt oder als Larve, ist dadurch erschwert. Es gilt folglich deren Präsenz und erste Anzeichen eines Befalls zuverlässig und vor allem frühzeitig feststellen zu können, um geeignete Maßnahmen zum Schutz des Kulturgutes einzuleiten.
Neben dem Wissen um die Materialeigenschaften des Kulturgutes sind umfängliche Kenntnis über die Biologie der Schädlinge, zu ihren grundsätzlichen Lebensansprüchen und insbesondere zum Verhalten, das zum Neubefall führt, wichtig. Die Larvenstadien von Holz- und Textilschädlingen zeichnen sich durch hohe Toleranzen gegenüber extremen Temperaturen und Luftfeuchten aus. Für sie ungünstige Bedingungen können sie sehr lange in Ruhephasen überdauern. Nicht erkannter, versteckter Befall von Materialien sind häufige Infektionsquellen für Neubefall von Sammlungen. Verborgene natürliche Befallsquellen im eigenen Museumssystem spielen bei Neubefall von Exponaten eine größere Rolle als der Zuflug von Schadinsekten aus Reservoiren von außen.
Der Vortrag stellt beispielhaft Lebenszyklen relevanter Schädlingsarten vor und zeigt Möglichkeiten gezielter Interventionen auf, die in ein IPM Konzept einfließen können. Dies umfasst vorbeugende Maßnahmen wie geeignetes Klima in Ausstellungs- und Lagerräumen, das sogenannte Monitorring sowie eine konsequente Quarantäne bis hin zu physikalischen, biologischen oder chemischen Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen.
Second occurrence of aberrant antenna in house longhorn beetle Hylotrupes bajulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the F3 generation. In 2016, the house longhorn beetle (Hylotrupes bajulus) breeding culture of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin produced a second female beetle with a unique malformed right antenna similar to the one previously reported. As in the first case the flagellum following the pedical was bifurcated. This time, however, both branches were of similar length with 7 and 8 flagellomeres, respectively. The left antenna was normally developed with 11 antennal segments (scape, pedicel and 9 flagellomeres). This second female stands as F3-generation in direct maternal line to the previous one. A heritable cause for the malformation is likely.
Larvae and adults of Korynetes caeruleus (de Geer 1775) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) were collected from old churches and reared in the laboratory on Anobium punctatum (de Geer 1774) (Coleoptera, Ptinidea, formerly Anobiidae). Breeding success of K. caeruleus was low, but basic parameters of this species’ developmental cycle were identified. At 21 °C and 75 % relative humidity and a four-month cold period at 4 °C, the development of K. caeruleus from egg to adult appearance lasted 2 years. The pupal stage may be reached and completed after one and a half years. Feeding on larvae of A. punctatum by larvae of K. caeruleus was observed and consisted of a combination of sucking haemolymph and consuming body parts. The sickle-like mandibles of larvae of K. caeruleus penetrate the cuticle of prey larvae followed by pumping and sucking body movements. Adult beetles of A. punctatum were not attacked by K. caeruleus larvae. Feeding behavior of adult K. caeruleus was not investigated.
The tropical environment of Sri Lanka accelerates bio-deterioration of cultural objects. Termites are one of the most damaging insect pests destroying the cellulose components of historical artifacts. Herbal extracts obtained from resin of Vateria copallifera (Retzius) Alston and seeds of Madhuca longifolia (Konig) Macbride have been used for centuries to preserve e.g. palm leaf manuscripts from insect attack. Herbal extractions of these traditional products for palm leaf manuscript were tested for their effect against the termite species Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, 1909. Natural and artificial aged herbal extractions were tested to obtain a repellent index. Resin oil of V. copallifera caused slightly higher repellencies than M. longifolia. Artificially aged samples produced lower repellencies than naturally aged samples. The results indicate that the active ingredients are volatile. The potential for barrier treatment was tested only with V. copallifera. Tunnelling-behavior of C. formosanus workers through sand in the presence of V. copallifera resin oil was largely reduced.
Normativ ist der Holzschutz in Deutschland durch die DIN 68800-Reihe geregelt. Die Normungsarbeit in CEN/TC 38 bildet dafür den Rahmen, der national angepasst und fachspezifisch erweitert wurde. Zusammen mit dem Kommentar ergeben beide ein in Europa einzigartiges Regelkompendium im Holzschutz. In Zukunft wird die Regelsetzung noch stärker durch internationale Zusammenarbeit bestimmt sein. Der interkontinentalen Marktöffnung sollten Verständigungen auf gemeinsame Qualitätsstandards vorausgehen.
Bacteria are ubiquitous and colonize all types of surfaces, including those in close proximity to humans, such as skin, food, and everyday objects. This raises the question of whether their presence represents a problem to be mitigated or a potential source of benefit to be harnessed, thereby stimulating scientific inquiry into the role of surface-associated bacteria in diverse domains ranging fromhuman health to industrial biotechnology. Aim: The objective of this project is to explore the impact of modifying surface topography on bacterial adhesion behavior. By manipulating the physical characteristics of the substrate, the attachment and detachment dynamics of bacteria can potentially be modified, leading to novel strategies for controlling bacterial colonization in various applications, such as medical devices. Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) were tested on LIPSS-covered Fused Silica samples.
Anoxische Objektbehandlungen gegen Schädlingsbefall stellen eine besonders materialverträgliche und umweltschonende Alternative zu chemischen Bekämpfungsverfahren dar. Die Wirksamkeit hängt jedoch von der Dauer, dem Restsauerstoffgehalt sowie der Temperatur und Feuchtigkeit ab. Unterschiedliche Arten von Schadinsekten sind verschieden tolerant gegenüber sauerstoffarmen Bedingungen. Insbesondere bei Behandlungsbedingungen von unter 24° C und mehr als 0,5 % Restsauerstoffgehalt stößt das Verfahren an die Grenze der Zuverlässigkeit. In Versuchsreihen unter standardisierten Bedingungen erwiesen sich insgesamt 12 von 34 im Projekt untersuchte Insektenarten hierbei als widerstandsfähig. Davon als besonders tolerante Arten sind Hylotrupes bajulus, Lasioderma serricorne, Trogoderma parabile und Mezium affine zu nennen.
Mit dem entwickelten UWB-Sensoriksystem können durch elektromagnetische Wellen Bewegungen von Schädlingen innerhalb geschlossener Holzobjekte berührungslos erfasst werden. Voraussetzung für die eindeutige Detektion der Schädlingsaktivität ist neben der digitalen Signalverarbeitung zur Filterung und Extraktion des Nutzsignals, die genügend hohe Eindringtiefe, die ausreichend ist, wenn Schädlingsvorkommen häufig dicht unter der Holzoberfläche gelegen sind. Die Versuchsergebnisse haben gezeigt, dass bereits eine einzelne Trockenholztermite der Art Incisitermes marginipennis hinter einer 5 cm dicken Holzplatte aufgespürt werden kann. Somit erscheint das Messsystem potentiell für die Erfolgskontrolle einer Anoxia-Behandlung an Museumsgütern geeignet.
Using nanofiber-like cell appendages, secreted proteins and sugars, bacteria can establish initial surface contact followed by irreversible adhesion and the formation of multicellular biofilms. Here, the stabilizing extracellular biofilm matrix together with physiological changes on the single cell level leads to an increased resilience towards harsh environmental conditions, antimicrobials, the host immune response and established cleaning procedures. Persistent microbial adhesion on e.g., medical implants, in water supply networks or food-processing industry is often associated with chronic inflammation, nosocomial and foodborne infections, enhanced biofouling and product contamination. To prevent persistent microbial colonization, antibacterial surface strategies often target the initial steps of biofilm formation and impede adhesion of single cells before a mature biofilm is being formed. While chemical coatings have been widely used, their restricted biocompatibility for eukaryotic cells and attenuated antibacterial-effects due to compound release limit their areas of application and alternative strategies focus on modified surfaces topographies to impede bacterial adhesion. In this work, we used ns-UV laser treatment (wavelength 248 nm and a pulse duration of 20 ns) to generate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with different submicrometric periods ranging from ~210 to ~610 nm on commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) foils. Following structurally and chemically analyses, PET samples were subjected to bacterial colonization studies with Escherichia coli TG1, a bacterial test strain with a strong biofilm formation capacity due to the formation of nanofiber-like cell-appendages (pili). Bacterial adhesion tests revealed that E. coli repellence decisively depends on the spatial periods of the LIPSS with the strongest reduction (~91%) in cell adhesion observed for LIPSS periods of 214 nm. Scanning electron microscopy and additional biofilm studies using a pili-deficient E. coli TG1 strain revealed the importance of extracellular appendages in the bacterial repellence observed here, thus, pointing out new antibiotics-free strategies for antibacterial surfaces by impeding nanofiber-mediated bacterial adhesion.
Using nanofiber-like cell appendages, secreted proteins and sugars, bacteria can establish initial surface contact followed by irreversible adhesion and the formation of multicellular biofilms, often with enhanced resistance towards antimicrobial treatment and established cleaning procedures. On e.g. medical implants, in water supply networks or food-processing industry, biofilms can be a fertile source of bacterial pathogens and are repeatedly associated with persisting, nosocomial and foodborne infections. Nowadays, the emergence of resistances because of extensive usage of antibiotics and biocides in medicine, agriculture and private households have become one of the most important medical challenges with considerable economic consequences. In addition, aggravated biofilm eradication and prolonged cell-surface interaction can lead to increased biodeterioration and undesired modification of industrial and medical surface materials. Various strategies are currently developed, tested, and improved to realize anti-bacterial surface properties through surface functionalization steps avoiding antibiotics.
In this study, contact-less and aseptic large-area short or ultrashort laser processing is employed to generate different surface structures in the nanometer- to micrometer-scale on technical materials such as titanium-alloy and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). The laser processed surfaces were subjected to bacterial colonization studies with Escherichia coli test strains and analyzed with reflected-light and epi-fluorescence microscopy. Depending on the investigated surfaces, different bacterial adhesion patterns were found, ranging from bacterial-repellent to bacterial-attractant effects. The results suggest an influence of size, shape and cell appendages of the bacteria and – above all – the laser-processed nanostructure of the surface itself, emphasizing the potential of laser-processing as a versatile tool to control bacterial surface adhesion.
Bacterial biofilms are multicellular communities adhering to surfaces and embedded in a self-produced extracellular matrix. Due to physiological adaptations and the protective biofilm matrix itself, biofilm cells show enhanced resistance towards antimicrobial treatment. In medical and industrial settings, biofilms on e.g. for implants or for surfaces in food-processing industry can be a fertile source of bacterial pathogens and are repeatedly associated with persisting, nosocomial and foodborne infections. As extensive usage of antibiotics and biocides can lead to the emergence of resistances, various strategies are currently developed, tested and improved to realize anti-bacterial surface properties through surface functionalization steps avoiding antibiotics. In this study, contact-less and aseptic large-area ultrashort laser scan processing is employed to generate different surface structures in the nanometer- to micrometer-scale on technical materials, i.e. titanium-alloy, steel, and polymer. The processed surfaces were characterized by optical and scanning electron microscopy and subjected to bacterial colonization studies with Escherichia coli test strains. For each material, biofilm results of the fs-laser treated surfaces are compared to that obtained on polished (non-irradiated) surfaces as a reference. Depending on the investigated surfaces, different bacterial adhesion patterns were found, suggesting an influence of geometrical size, shape and cell appendages of the bacteria and – above all – the laser-processed nanostructure of the surface itself.
Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with various environments during direct application or passive leaching from protected materials. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem and the environment is an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR. Soil is an environment with a large reservoir of natural microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Those natural microbial communities are frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives. Previous studies have shown that antibiotics, metals and pesticides affect the underlying processes of resistance evolution and spread; namely de novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer by conjugation and transformation in microbial communities. However, it is unknown if active substances used in material preservatives are involved in these processes. We show that biocides used as material preservatives affect rates of mutation and conjugation in microorganism in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not directly affected. Our data highlights the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread in the environment.
Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with various environments during direct application or passive leaching from protected materials. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem and the environment is an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR. Soil is an environment with a large reservoir of natural microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Those natural microbial communities are frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives. Previous studies have shown that antibiotics, metals and pesticides affect the underlying processes of resistance evolution and spread; namely de novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer by conjugation and transformation in microbial communities. However, it is unknown if active substances used in material preservatives are involved in these processes. We show that biocides used as material preservatives affect rates of mutation and conjugation in microorganism in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not directly affected. Our data highlights the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread in the environment.