4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (91)
- Posterpräsentation (62)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (16)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (11)
- Buchkapitel (3)
- Forschungsbericht (3)
- Dissertation (2)
- Sonstiges (2)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (1)
- Video (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (160)
- Deutsch (30)
- Chinesisch (2)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (192) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (38)
- Antimicrobial resistance (28)
- MIC (21)
- Corrosion (19)
- Biofilms (18)
- Bacteria (16)
- Methanogens (13)
- Evolution (12)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (11)
- E. coli (10)
- Antimicrobial coating (9)
- Biocide (9)
- Resistance (9)
- Archaea (8)
- Disinfection (8)
- Microbiology (8)
- NAP-XPS (8)
- Persistence (8)
- Standardization (8)
- Biofilm (7)
- Horizontal gene transfer HGT (7)
- Resistance evolution (7)
- Korrosion (6)
- Tolerance (6)
- Alginate (5)
- Antibiotics (5)
- Biocide tolerance (5)
- Environmental Simulation (5)
- Heterogeneity (5)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (5)
- Risk assessment (5)
- Single cell analysis (5)
- Termites (5)
- Umweltsimulation (5)
- Bacterial adhesion (4)
- Corrosion products (4)
- Cross-resistance (4)
- Glutaraldehyde (4)
- Hi-Tension (4)
- Holzschutz (4)
- Horizontal gene transfer (4)
- Kulturgut (4)
- Mutation rate (4)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (4)
- Anobium punctatum (3)
- Anoxia (3)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (3)
- Antimicrobials (3)
- Antimikrobielle Resistenz (3)
- Antmikrobielle Oberflächen (3)
- Biofilm formation (3)
- Biozide (3)
- Carbon steel (3)
- DIN (3)
- Ectoine (3)
- Environmental simulation (3)
- FIB/SEM (3)
- Flow Model (3)
- LIPSS (3)
- Methanogen (3)
- Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (3)
- Modelling (3)
- Normung (3)
- Phenotypic diversity (3)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (3)
- Standardisierung (3)
- Sulfate reducing bacteria (3)
- Termite (3)
- Wastewater (3)
- Wood protection (3)
- XPS (3)
- Antibiotic resisitance (2)
- Antimicrobial (2)
- Apanteles carpatus (2)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (2)
- Baryscapus tineivorus (2)
- Biocorrosion (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biofilm growth (2)
- Biotechnology (2)
- CEN (2)
- Carbon steel corrosion (2)
- Corrosion evolution (2)
- Corynetes caeruleus (2)
- Desinfectant (2)
- Disinfectants (2)
- Disposal repository (2)
- E.coli (2)
- Environmental condition (2)
- HAXPES (2)
- HI-Tension (2)
- Halomonas CRISPR Ectoine (2)
- IPM (2)
- ISO (2)
- Immunity (2)
- Ir DNA staining approach (2)
- Iron (2)
- LA-ICP-MS (2)
- Metabolism (2)
- Method development (2)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (2)
- Microorganism (2)
- Mikroorganismen (2)
- Modelling studies (2)
- NanoSIMS (2)
- Nanoparticles (2)
- Nitrogen (2)
- Nuclear waste (2)
- Optics (2)
- Persister cells (2)
- Pollutants (2)
- Risk assesment (2)
- Schadstoffaustrag (2)
- Schimmel (2)
- Single cell (2)
- Tineola bisselliella (2)
- 2D nanomaterials (1)
- AMR (1)
- Academia (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Analytical standards (1)
- Anpassung (1)
- Antagonism (1)
- Anti-microbial effects (1)
- Antiadhesive surfaces (1)
- Antibakterielle Oberflächen (1)
- Antibiotic (1)
- Antimicrobial Resistance (1)
- Aspergillus flavus (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Auslaugtests (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacteria-repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial attachment (1)
- Bacterial growth (1)
- Bakterien (1)
- Bankia sp (1)
- Bauprodukte (1)
- Bestandserhaltung (1)
- Bewitterung (1)
- Biofilme (1)
- Bioilm (1)
- Bioinformatics (1)
- Biokorrosion (1)
- Biological Control (1)
- Biological control (1)
- Biological pest control (1)
- Biologische Bekämpfung (1)
- Biotische/abiotische Faktoren (1)
- Blauer Engel (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- COST (1)
- COST Action (1)
- CRISPR dCas9 (1)
- Calcareous deposits (1)
- Cast iron (1)
- Cathodic protection (1)
- Compatible solute (1)
- Conditioning layer (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Construction Products (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Controlled atmosphere (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Corrosion environment (1)
- Corrosion product (1)
- Cribellate spiders (1)
- Cultural Heritage (1)
- Cultural heritage (1)
- DIN EN 350 (1)
- DNA barcode (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Durability (1)
- E$volution (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Efflux (1)
- Entwicklung (1)
- Essential oils (1)
- Europa (1)
- Experimental evolution (1)
- Femtosecond laser processing (1)
- Flammschutzmittel (1)
- Flow chamber system (1)
- Flow system (1)
- Flow-System (1)
- Flow-system (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Flügel (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Force distance curve (1)
- Functionalized graphene (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Fungicidal property (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gebindekonservierung (1)
- Geological formation (1)
- Gesteinskorrosion (1)
- Gütezeichen (1)
- H2-Abbau (1)
- Halomonas elongata (1)
- Halophile (1)
- Halophilic (1)
- Hausbock (1)
- Hausbockkäfer (1)
- Herteogeneous phenotypes (1)
- High salinity (1)
- Holzschutz, (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Hydrogen (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrogenasen (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. (1)
- IPM in museums (1)
- ISO22196 (1)
- Implants (1)
- In situ (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Initial attachment (1)
- Interdisciplinary (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Isothiazolinone (1)
- Kleidermotte (1)
- Kontamination von H2 (1)
- Korynetes caeruleus (1)
- Kraftstoffabbau (1)
- Kraftstoffbehälter (1)
- Kulturelle Entomologie (1)
- Lake Cadagno (1)
- Laser processing (1)
- Laser structuring (1)
- Laser-Materialbearbeitung (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Leaching (1)
- Library pests (1)
- Life history data (1)
- Lightning talk (1)
- Limnoria spp (1)
- Low alloy steel (1)
- MDG ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- MIC Island (1)
- MIC projekt (1)
- Marine borers (1)
- Material degradation (1)
- Materials (1)
- Metal organic frameworks (1)
- Metal reducing bacteria (1)
- Metallkorrosion (1)
- Metalls (1)
- Methanogene (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Methode (1)
- Microbial (1)
- Microbial community modelling (1)
- Microbially Induced Corrosion (1)
- Microbiologically Influrenced Corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrobielle Gemeinschaft (1)
- Mircobially influcenced corrosion (1)
- Model (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Museum (1)
- Museum Pests (1)
- Museum insect pest (1)
- Museum pests (1)
- Museumsschädling (1)
- Museumsschädlinge (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano metal fluorides (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Near ambient pressure XPS (1)
- Neozoon (1)
- Netzwerk (1)
- Norm (1)
- Nuclear waste disposal (1)
- Oberflächenfunktionalisierung (1)
- Oil and gas reservoir (1)
- Oilfield (1)
- Osmophobic effect (1)
- PBFSM (1)
- PE-HD (1)
- Paper sizings (1)
- Persian historical recipes (1)
- Persian manuscripts (1)
- Physical and optical characteristics (1)
- Pilz (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Polypropylen (1)
- Polystyrol (1)
- Poster presentation (1)
- Preferential binding (1)
- Preferential exclusion (1)
- Projekte (1)
- Pseudomonas (1)
- RFA (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Religion (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Risikobewertung (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- SEM-EDS (1)
- SRB (1)
- Schmetterlinge (1)
- Selection (1)
- Shale (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Sizing (1)
- Social (1)
- Social immunity (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Spectral imaging (1)
- Stainless steel (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standardized test and quantification procedure (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Superhydrophilic surface (1)
- Superhydrophobic surface (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Synchrotron-XPS (1)
- Temperature and humidity (1)
- Teredo sp (1)
- Termite control (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Termiten (1)
- Textilschädling (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Trait-based ecology (1)
- UV-irradiation (1)
- Ultrakurzpuls-Laser (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- Unterirdische Speicher (1)
- Velocimetry (1)
- Vererbung (1)
- Wasserstofflagerung (1)
- Wirksamkeit (1)
- X-ray spectroscopic techniques (1)
- XANES (1)
- XRF (1)
- Xestobium rufovillosum (1)
- biocide tolerance (1)
- disinfection (1)
- evolution (1)
- fs-laser processing (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (192) (entfernen)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (91)
Gegenstand der vorzustellenden Arbeiten ist die Prüfung der Umwelt-beständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von Materialien und Produkten hinsichtlich der Emission von potenziellen Schadstoffen in die Umwelt. Hierzu werden chemisch-physikalische Einflüsse (Bewitterung) und mikrobielle Beanspruchungen an Modellmaterialien evaluiert. So werden die Freisetzungsraten von Schadstoffen in Abhängigkeit der Beanspruchung beschrieben. Als Modellmaterialien kommen die Polymere Polystyrol (PS) und Polypropylen (PP) zum Einsatz. Synergistische Effekte der Bewitterungsparameter und der mikrobiologischen Beanspruchung sollen dabei ebenso betrachtet werden, wie die gezielte Alterung. Auch findet eine Beschreibung des Verhaltens der ausgetragenen Schadstoffe (polybromierte Flammschutzmittel) in den Umweltkompartimenten Boden oder Wasser statt. Hier sind mit Hilfe der zu entwickelnden Screening- und non-Target-Analyseverfahren die Transformation und der Metabolismus durch Mikroorganismen zu beschreiben. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen Korrelationen zwischen den künstlichen Alterungsverfahren und realen Szenarien abgeleitet werden.
Gegenstand des Projekts ist die Prüfung der Umweltbeständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von Materialien und Produkten hinsichtlich der Emission von potenziellen Schadstoffen in die Umwelt. Hierzu werden chemisch-physikalische Einflüsse (Bewitterung) und mikrobielle Beanspruchungen an Modellmaterialien evaluiert. So werden die Freisetzungsraten von Schadstoffen in Abhängigkeit der Beanspruchung beschrieben. Als Modellmaterialien kommen die Polymere Polycarbonat, Polytetrafluorethylen, Polystyrol und Polypropylen zum Einsatz. Synergistische Effekte der Bewitterungsparameter und der mikrobiologischen Beanspruchung sollen dabei ebenso betrachtet werden, wie die gezielte Alterung. Auch findet eine Beschreibung des Verhaltens der ausgetragenen Schadstoffe in den Umweltkompartimenten Boden oder Wasser statt. Hier sind mit Hilfe der zu entwickelnden Screening- und non-Target-Analyseverfahren die Transformation und der Metabolismus durch Mikroorganismen zu beschreiben. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen Korrelationen zwischen den künstlichen Alterungsverfahren und realen Szenarien abgeleitet werden, die es gestatten, Schnellprüfverfahren zu etablieren, die die Simulation der realen Beanspruchungen im Zeitraffermodell anwendbar machen. Somit sollen standardisierbare Schnellbeanspruchungs-verfahren erarbeitet werden, die als Prüfeinrichtungen etabliert werden und von externen Auftraggebern zur Prüfung der Umweltbeständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von neuen Materialien genutzt werden können. Die Umweltwirkungen (chemisch-physikalisch und mikrobiologisch) sollen so definiert eingesetzt werden, dass eine reproduzierbare Prüfung möglich wird. Aus diesen Verfahren und Methoden sollen Normen abgeleitet werden, die eine standardisierte Materialprüfung ermöglichen.
Environmental sustainability and –stability of materials concerning the migration of pollutants
(2019)
In addition to previously reported results on the accelerated weathering of polystyrene samples (PS) containing 1 wt. % hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD), we present the first results of our investigations of polypropylene samples (PP) containing 0.1 wt. % BDE-209. All studied polymer samples were exposed to a defined weathering schedule in a climate chamber in accordance to regulation EN ISO 4892-3:2006. For the determination of BDE-209 in the collected raining water the samples were prepared in accordance to a validated protocol. Before the analyses each sample was spiked with isotopically labeled BDE-209. Subsequently the samples were extracted with isooctane. The obtained extracts were concentrated, and the resulting solutions were analyzed by GC/MS. Additionally, the total bromine content was monitored for the weathered and untreated samples using laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) and X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF) as a non-destructive and rapid method. In general, the resulting data from the accelerated weathering will be compared to those from the natural weathering experiments. Here, the surfaces of the test pieces were analyzed by LA-ICP-MS and XRF as well. Moreover, soil bed tests were conducted in a well characterized model soil. This soil (boulder-clay, sand with 12 % loam, particle size in total 0.2-4 mm) is filled in a free-draining basin inside of an air-conditioned cellar. In this manner, TOC, water capacity and humidity are recorded parameters. To induce a leaching process from the samples by the raining water, the target water content is calculated to 8%. The actual humidity is measured by a tensiometer, assuring the duration of the raining period. A defined humidity is a fundamental parameter for a biological activity in the soil. The test polymers were placed up to the half in the soil. Microbial activity of the soil is monitored by a reference polymer (polyurethane) and should induce the release of HBCD and BDE-209 out of the test materials. These released analytes will be captured by passive samplers (silicone tubes) placed in a distinct distance to the polymer samples in the soil. The soil bed experiments are complementary to the weathering experiments due to the biological activity in the soil.
Gegenstand der vorzustellenden Arbeiten ist die Prüfung der Umweltbeständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von Materialien und Produkten hinsichtlich der Emission von potenziellen Schadstoffen in die Umwelt. Hierzu werden chemisch-physikalische Einflüsse (Bewitterung) und mikrobielle Beanspruchungen an Modellmaterialien evaluiert. So werden die Freisetzungsraten von Schadstoffen in Abhängigkeit der Beanspruchung beschrieben. Als Modellmaterialien kommen die Polymere Polystyrol (PS) und Polypropylen (PP) zum Einsatz, die jeweils mit polybromierten Flammschutzmitteln (PBFSM) versehen sind. Synergistische Effekte der Bewitterungsparameter und der mikrobiologischen Beanspruchung sollen dabei ebenso betrachtet werden, wie die gezielte Alterung. Auch findet eine Beschreibung des Verhaltens der ausgetragenen Schadstoffe in den Umweltkompartimenten Boden oder Wasser statt. Hier sind mit Hilfe der zu entwickelnden Screening- und non-Target-Analyseverfahren die Transformation und der Metabolismus durch Mikroorganismen zu beschreiben. Auch soll mit Hilfe der RFA und der LA-ICP-MS die Abreicherung der PBFSM in den Modellmaterialien beschrieben werden. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen Korrelationen zwischen den künstlichen Alterungsverfahren und realen Szenarien abgeleitet werden.
Gegenstand der vorzustellenden Arbeiten ist die Prüfung der Umwelt-beständigkeit und -verträglichkeit von Materialien und Produkten hinsichtlich der Emission von potenziellen Schadstoffen in die Umwelt. Hierzu werden chemisch-physikalische Einflüsse (Bewitterung) und mikrobielle Beanspruchungen an Modellmaterialien evaluiert. So werden die Freisetzungsraten von Schadstoffen in Abhängigkeit der Beanspruchung beschrieben. Als Modellmaterialien kommen die Polymere Polystyrol (PS) und Polypropylen (PP) zum Einsatz. Synergistische Effekte der Bewitterungsparameter und der mikrobiologischen Beanspruchung sollen dabei ebenso betrachtet werden, wie die gezielte Alterung. Auch findet eine Beschreibung des Verhaltens der ausgetragenen Schadstoffe in den Umweltkompartimenten Boden oder Wasser statt. Hier sind mit Hilfe der zu entwickelnden Screening- und non-Target-Analyseverfahren die Transformation und der Metabolismus durch Mikroorganismen zu beschreiben. Aus den Ergebnissen sollen Korrelationen zwischen den künstlichen Alterungsverfahren und realen Szenarien abgeleitet werden.
Introduction: Biofilms are regarded as a common cause of chronic infections on medical devices. Preventive and therapeutic strategies against biofilm infections commonly involve applications of multiple antimicrobial substances: antimicrobial coatings on the implanted biomaterials in combination with systemically administered antibiotics. While this practice of combination therapy harbours the risk of developing cross-resistance, it might also provide the possibility to implement specific antimicrobial-antibiotic combinations (AACs) that can slow down the selection of antibiotic resistant strains.
Hypothesis and aims: Specific AACs can exert combinatorial effects on the growth of susceptible and antibiotic-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa that either suppress or increase their individual effects.
Our aim is to identify AACs with antagonistic or synergistic effects on pseudomonal biofilms and to understand their impact on selection of resistant strains. Specifically, we want to identify AACs that select for and against antibiotic resistance during biofilm formation.
Methodology: We screened for AACs that cause antagonistic or synergistic effects on planktonic P. aeruginosa.
To study the effect of antimicrobial-antibiotic exposure on resistance selection in bacterial biofilms, we will grow resistant and sensitive strains on PDMS surfaces with and without antimicrobial coatings and expose them to antibiotics.
Results: Several combinations with synergistic or antagonistic interaction on the growth rate of P. aeruginosa were detected. We observed a strong antagonism when combining the antimicrobial substance chlorhexidine with the carbapenem drug meropenem. A meropenem-resistant mutant showed a selection advantage in low concentrations of chlorhexidine combined with a sub-inhibitory concentration of meropenem over the wild-type. No antagonistic effect was observed for the same combination when E. coli was exposed to chlorhexidine and meropenem, suggesting a non-chemical basis for the observed effect on P. aeruginosa.
Conclusion: Gaining a better understanding about resistance selection during biofilm formation on biomedical surfaces will enable us to mitigate against biofilm-associated antimicrobial resistance.
Background Bacterial biofilms are regarded as the most common cause of chronic infections and are often associated with medical devices, such as implants and catheters. Bacteria growing in biofilms produce a protective, extracellular matrix, which enables them to tolerate much higher antimicrobial concentrations than free-living bacteria and survive long enough to acquire antimicrobial resistance. Preventive and therapeutic strategies against biofilm infections in clinical settings commonly involve the application of multiple antimicrobials: biocidal coatings on the biomaterials and systemically administered antibiotics. This frequent practice harbors the risk of the development of cross-resistance via shared resistance mechanisms between antimicrobials used in material coatings and administered antibiotics.
Aim Our goal is to determine how bacteria adapt to antimicrobials during biofilm formation on surfaces coated with antimicrobials and how population dynamics within biofilms affect the transmission of resistance mutations. Specifically, we want to identify antimicrobial-antibiotic-combinations that select for and against antibiotic resistance in biofilms by following the population dynamics of resistant and susceptible strains in competition assays on a single cell level.
Methodology To study the effect of antimicrobial-antibiotic exposure on resistance development and population dynamics on bacterial biofilms in a multidrug environment, we will grow Pseudomonas aeruginosa on glass surfaces with and without antimicrobial coatings and expose them to antibiotics. First, we will screen in vitro for combinations of antibiotics and antimicrobials that select for and against antibiotic resistance. Second, effective combinations will be chosen for in-depth investigations during bacterial adhesion and of mature biofilms of resistant and susceptible genotypes. Third, based on the outcome of the screen and the obtained mechanistic understanding we will choose a clinical example in which we study the relevance of our findings in biofilms grown in vivo.
Relevance Studying the biointerfacial interactions between bacterial biofilms and medical devices in terms of population dynamics as well as on single cell level during multidrug selection will help us understand how drug resistance develops and spreads in persistent biofilm infections. Based on our findings we aim to provide clinical recommendations for improved administration of antibiotics/antimicrobials in combination with medical device materials in order to mitigate against biofilm associated antimicrobial resistance.
Selection of resistance in bacteria grown on antimicrobial surfaces in a multidrug environment
(2018)
Bacterial biofilms are regarded as the most common cause of chronic infections and are often associated with medical devices, such as implants and catheters. Bacteria growing in biofilms produce a protective, extracellular matrix, which enables them to tolerate much higher antimicrobial concentrations than free-living bacteria and survive long enough to acquire antimicrobial resistance. Preventive and therapeutic strategies against biofilm infections in clinical settings commonly involve the application of multiple antimicrobials: antimicrobial coatings on the biomaterials and systemically administered antibiotics. This frequent practice harbors the risk of the development of cross-resistance via shared resistance mechanisms between antimicrobials used in material coatings and administered antibiotics.
Our goal is to determine how population dynamics within biofilms affect the transmission of resistance mutations. Specifically, we want to identify antimicrobial-antibiotic-combinations that select for and against antibiotic resistance in biofilms by following the population dynamics of resistant and susceptible strains in competition assays. Gaining a better understanding about resistance development and spread in persistent biofilm infections will enable us to provide clinical recommendations for improved administration of antibiotics/antimicrobials in combination with medical device materials to mitigate against biofilm associated antimicrobial resistance.
Here, we will discuss our first findings on the effects of combinations of the carbapenem drug meropenem and various antimicrobials.
Background Bacterial biofilms are regarded as the most common cause of chronic infections and are often associated with medical devices, such as implants and catheters. Bacteria growing in biofilms produce a protective, extracellular matrix, which enables them to tolerate much higher antimicrobial concentrations than free-living bacteria and survive long enough to acquire antimicrobial resistance. Preventive and therapeutic strategies against biofilm infections in clinical settings commonly involve the application of multiple antimicrobials: biocidal coatings on the biomaterials and systemically administered antibiotics. This frequent practice harbors the risk of the development of cross-resistance via shared resistance mechanisms between antimicrobials used in material coatings and administered antibiotics.
Aim Our goal is to determine how bacteria adapt to antimicrobials during biofilm formation on surfaces coated with antimicrobials, how antimicrobial resistance mutations are acquired and evolve within mature biofilms, and how population dynamics within biofilms affect the transmission of resistance mutations. Specifically, we want to identify antimicrobial-antibiotic-combinations that select for and against antibiotic resistance in biofilms by following the population dynamics of resistant and susceptible strains in competition assays.
Methodology We will grow biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on glass surfaces with and without antimicrobial coatings and expose them to antibiotics. Then we will track their physiological properties, evolutionary adaptations, and population dynamics. First, we will screen in vitro for combinations of antibiotics and antimicrobials that select for and against antibiotic resistance. Second, effective combinations will be chosen for in-depth investigations during bacterial adhesion and of mature biofilms of resistant and susceptible genotypes. Third, based on the outcome of the screen and the obtained mechanistic understanding we will choose a clinical example in which we study the relevance of our findings in biofilms grown in vivo.
Relevance Studying the biointerfacial interactions between bacterial biofilms and medical devices in terms of population dynamics as well as on single cell level during multidrug selection will help us understand how drug resistance develops and spreads in persistent biofilm infections. Based on our findings we aim to provide clinical recommendations for improved administration of antibiotics/antimicrobials in combination with medical device materials in order to mitigate against biofilm associated antimicrobial resistance.
Die Bewertung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten ist ein zentrales Thema im Holzschutz. Es wird zwischen einer natürlichen und einer herbeigeführten Dauerhaftigkeit unterschieden. Die Norm DIN EN 350 trägt beiden Richtungen Rechnung. Die Anwendung der Norm wird in vielen Fällen aber nicht korrekt durchgeführt. Schwachstellen werden diskutiert.
Viele Menschen erfreuen sich an Schmetterlingen. Besonders die farbfrohen Tagfalter lösen angenehme Gefühle aus. In der kulturellen Entomologie haben Schmetterlinge daher einen hohen Stellenwert, so auch in der schöngeistigen Literatur. Eine aktuelle stichprobenartige Untersuchung von 54 Büchern der deutschsprachigen Belletristik mit Insektenbezug im Titel oder auf dem Cover zeigte, dass sich zwei Drittel von ihnen des Schmetterlingnarrativs bedienten. Die folgende Analyse setzte das Ergebnis in einen historischen Bezug zur Verwendung von Insektenvorbildern in der Unterhaltungsliteratur und in Autorenbiografien. Die besondere Stellung der Schmetterlinge wird dabei geschichtlich als Relikt einer kulturellen Genese mit mythologisch-religiösen Wurzeln interpretiert. Im antiken Griechenland wurde die Bezeichnung Psyche mit bewusster Doppelbedeutung für Schmetterling und Seele verwendet. Im Hellenismus wurden die Seele und Seelenwesen wie z. B. die Daimons (Genien) oftmals mit Schmetterlingsflügeln dargestellt. Auch in den levantinischen Religionen wurden einzelne Gottheiten und Schutzgeister mit Flügeln nach Schmetterlingsart, jedoch aus Vogelfedern bestehend, abgebildet. Mit der Entstehung und Verbreitung der monotheistischen Lehren gingen viele dieser geflügelten Glaubenswesen dann in die Engelschöre über. Auch wenn die Flügel der Engel letztendlich wahrscheinlich von denen der Vögel abzuleiten sind, bleibt ein starker emotionaler Bezug zu den Schmetterlingen, der weit über den rein ästhetischen ausstrahlt.
A short natural and cultural history of the webbing clothes moth (Tineola bisselliella). It is generally accepted that the natural habitats of most pest insects can be found outside the synanthropic environment in layers of leaf litter, under bark, as well as in rodent or bird nests. Indeed, most of the common fabric pests have been reported as being facultative nidicolous. Therefore, infestation of commodities by pest insects out of these reservoirs is one possibility to be considered. However, the likelihood of a pest´s occurrence and survival outside of the synanthropic habitat largely depends on its ecological potential and competitiveness against other species of the same ecological guild. Some pest species are rarely found in wild habitats, especially in those regions where they are not native and where they have been introduced by man.
The fabric pest Tineola bisselliella serves as a good example. Most likely originating from Central or Southern Africa, this insect was introduced into Europe probably not earlier than the late 18th century. Being more tolerant to dry environments than other fabric pests, its economical importance increased during the 20th century when the indoor climate changed because of central heating systems. Its occurrence in outdoor natural habitats must be regarded as accidental. Reported finds of webbing clothes moth larvae in bird nests e. g. have been largely overstated in the literature. Tineola bisselliella should be regarded as an invasive and eusynanthropic species in most parts of the world.
Normgerechte Ausführung resultiert in Qualität, aber sie ist nicht allein ein Garant auch für hohe Qualität. Hierfür sind begleitend immer auch nachgeordnete Richtlinien wie z. B. spezifische Gütekriterien zu erfüllen. Der Vortrag erklärt die Normungsarbeit auf nationaler und internationaler Ebene und schildert die Stärken aber auch die Schwächen bei der Erstellung von Normen. Dabei ist die Konsensbildung zwischen unterschiedlichen interessierten Kreisen mit deren Partikularinteressen oftmals ein Hindernis, das aber über Zusatzvereinbarungen und der Norm nachgeordneten Regeln überwunden werden kann.
Zu den unerwünschten Gästen im Museum oder im Haushalt gehört zweifelsohne die Kleidermotte Tineola bisselliella. Es sind die Larven dieses Kleinschmetterlings, die die Schäden verursachen. Neben der konventionellen Schadensabwehr besteht die Möglichkeit, Schlupfwespen zur Bekämpfung der Larven einzusetzen. Der Vortrag rekonstruiert die Natur- und Kulturgeschichte der Kleidermotte anhand ökologischer Studien und historischen Indizien.
Rare occurrences of termites in Germany. Termites are typical elements of the tropical and subtropical insect fauna. In Europe, their most northern natural range is southern France, Italy and the South-Balkan region. Only occasionally are termites found in Germany. Their occurrence is always very closely associated with the synanthropic environment. Drywood termites like Cryptotermes brevis or Kalotermis flavicollis were accidentally imported with furniture, wooden artefacts or plant material into homes or indoor arboretums. Similar pathways of termite introduction are described for Coptotermes gestroi and Reticulitermes sp. into tropical botanical gardens and tropical theme parks. Although termites were introduced to Germany several times, successful spreading or long term establishment never occurred due to climatic barriers, namely cold winter temperatures. Only Reticulitermes flavipes formed sustainable colonies in the city of Hamburg for several decades. Originating from the eastern United States of America, this species was introduced in the 1930s with infested wood through the sea port. Small subterranean colonies could survive the winter in areas where pipes of the central heating system kept the ground from freezing. Control efforts of this potentially invasive species of economic importance started early on but failed until modern bait techniques were applied in the year 2000. Currently, termites have not been detected in Hamburg for the last five years.
Uninvited and welcomed guests in museums – biological management of clothes moths and woodworms
(2020)
In museums and historic houses clothes, moths (Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella) and the furniture beetle (Anobium punctatum) are the most economically important pests on textiles or wooden artifacts, respectively. Their management is essential to protect cultural ethnological heritage and natural history collections for future generations.
Pest management strategies have changed over time. Today, intensive knowledge on pest biology and overall material science are key cornerstones in IPM concepts - also for the Museum environment. The important first steps for sustainable pest management are risk assessment, early pest detection and identification of pathways of infestation. These steps are followed by physical and biological means of control, which have lately gained more importance than applying biocides. Several potentially effective biological enemies of clothes moths and woodworm have been known for a long time, but their promotion for pest control in Museums and historic houses is just beginning.
This short review summarizes current concepts of pest life cycle interruption by applying good quarantine and very specific biological measures. The lessons learned from recent faunistic surveys, life-history studies as well as behavioral observations of parasitoids and predators of clothes moths and woodworm may supplement the pest management tool box. The need for further research in this field is addressed.
Uninvited and Welcomed Guests in Museums – Biological management of
clothes moths and woodworms
(2019)
In museums and historic houses clothes, moths (Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella) and the furniture beetle (Anobium punctatum) are the most economically important pests on textiles or wooden artifacts, respectively. Their management is essential to protect cultural ethnological heritage and natural history collections for future generations.
Pest management strategies have changed over time. Today, intensive knowledge on pest biology and overall material science are key cornerstones in IPM concepts - also for the museum environment. The important first steps for sustainable pest management are risk assessment, early pest detection and identification of pathways of infestation. These steps are followed by physical and biological means of control, which have lately gained more importance than applying biocides.
Several potentially effective biological enemies of clothes moths and woodworm have been known for a long time, but their promotion for pest control in museums and historic houses is just beginning.
This short review summarizes current concepts of pest life cycle interruption by applying good quarantine and very specific biological measures. The lessons learned from recent faunistic surveys, life-history studies as well as behavioral observations of parasitoids and predators of clothes moths and woodworm may supplement the pest management tool box. The need for further research in this field is addressed.
Normativ ist der Holzschutz in Deutschland durch die DIN 68800-Reihe geregelt. Die Normungsarbeit in CEN/TC 38 bildet dafür den Rahmen, der national angepasst und fachspezifisch erweitert wurde. Zusammen mit dem Kommentar ergeben beide ein in Europa einzigartiges Regelkompendium im Holzschutz. In Zukunft wird die Regelsetzung noch stärker durch internationale Zusammenarbeit bestimmt sein. Der interkontinentalen Marktöffnung sollten Verständigungen auf gemeinsame Qualitätsstandards vorausgehen.
Gemeiner Nagekäfer und Kleidermotte sind unerwünscht im Museum. Kulturgüter mit Anteilen von Holz, Federn, Wolle, Haare, etc. wie ethnologische oder naturkundliche Sammlungsstücke, aber auch Bilderahmen oder Freilichtmuseen werden von ihnen gerne besucht. Dabei sind es die Jugendstadien (Larven) dieser Insekten, die sich von ungeschützten Exponaten oder Depotstücken, die diese natürlichen Materialien enthalten, ernähren. Die Entwicklung der Larven findet verborgen im Inneren der Materialien statt. Die geflügelten erwachsenen Formen, die sich im freien Raum bewegen, sich fortpflanzen und den Neubefall herbeiführen, treten saisonal sehr begrenzt auf. Eine frühzeitige Detektion der Schädlinge, als erwachsenes Insekt oder als Larve, ist dadurch erschwert. Es gilt folglich deren Präsenz und erste Anzeichen eines Befalls zuverlässig und vor allem frühzeitig feststellen zu können, um geeignete Maßnahmen zum Schutz des Kulturgutes einzuleiten.
Neben dem Wissen um die Materialeigenschaften des Kulturgutes sind umfängliche Kenntnis über die Biologie der Schädlinge, zu ihren grundsätzlichen Lebensansprüchen und insbesondere zum Verhalten, das zum Neubefall führt, wichtig. Die Larvenstadien von Holz- und Textilschädlingen zeichnen sich durch hohe Toleranzen gegenüber extremen Temperaturen und Luftfeuchten aus. Für sie ungünstige Bedingungen können sie sehr lange in Ruhephasen überdauern. Nicht erkannter, versteckter Befall von Materialien sind häufige Infektionsquellen für Neubefall von Sammlungen. Verborgene natürliche Befallsquellen im eigenen Museumssystem spielen bei Neubefall von Exponaten eine größere Rolle als der Zuflug von Schadinsekten aus Reservoiren von außen.
Der Vortrag stellt beispielhaft Lebenszyklen relevanter Schädlingsarten vor und zeigt Möglichkeiten gezielter Interventionen auf, die in ein IPM Konzept einfließen können. Dies umfasst vorbeugende Maßnahmen wie geeignetes Klima in Ausstellungs- und Lagerräumen, das sogenannte Monitorring sowie eine konsequente Quarantäne bis hin zu physikalischen, biologischen oder chemischen Bekämpfungsmaßnahmen.
Second occurrence of aberrant antenna in house longhorn beetle Hylotrupes bajulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in the F3 generation. In 2016, the house longhorn beetle (Hylotrupes bajulus) breeding culture of the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Berlin produced a second female beetle with a unique malformed right antenna similar to the one previously reported. As in the first case the flagellum following the pedical was bifurcated. This time, however, both branches were of similar length with 7 and 8 flagellomeres, respectively. The left antenna was normally developed with 11 antennal segments (scape, pedicel and 9 flagellomeres). This second female stands as F3-generation in direct maternal line to the previous one. A heritable cause for the malformation is likely.