4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2022 (61) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (61) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (61)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (11)
- Antimicrobial resistance (8)
- Phosphorrückgewinnung (5)
- Risk assessment (5)
- Antimicrobial coating (4)
- Klärschlamm (4)
- PFAS (4)
- XANES spectroscopy (4)
- Biofilms (3)
- Disinfection (3)
- Leaching (3)
- Phosphor (3)
- Ringversuch (3)
- Standardization (3)
- Transformation (3)
- Bacteria (2)
- Biocide tolerance (2)
- Biozide (2)
- Combustion ion chromatography (2)
- Dünger (2)
- EN 16516 (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Horizontal gene transfer (2)
- ISO 16000-6 (2)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (2)
- Light (2)
- Melanin (2)
- Mutation rate (2)
- Nano (2)
- Phosphorus recovery (2)
- Recycling (2)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (2)
- Resistance (2)
- Soil (2)
- Stress (2)
- VVOCs (2)
- Zement (2)
- Abdichtungssystem (1)
- Aerosol (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Air quality monitoring (1)
- Analytical method (1)
- Analytische Methode (1)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (1)
- Antimikrobielle Resistenz (1)
- Antmikrobielle Oberflächen (1)
- Ashdec (1)
- Autoclave tests (1)
- BOFS (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (1)
- Behördenklausurtagung (1)
- Bio-weathering (1)
- Biocide (1)
- Biofilm growth (1)
- Biozid (1)
- Black fungi (1)
- Bundesoberbehörden (1)
- CIC (1)
- Cairo Genizah (1)
- Carbon steel corrosion (1)
- Cascade impactor (1)
- Cast iron (1)
- Construction products (1)
- Controllable gene expression (1)
- Cross-resistance (1)
- DIN EN 350 (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Deponie (1)
- Desiccation (1)
- Diffusive sampling (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Düngemittel (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EOF (1)
- Ecotoxicity (1)
- Effective uptake rate (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (1)
- Elektroofenstaub (1)
- Element mass concentration (1)
- Emission (1)
- Emission reference materials (1)
- Emission test chamber (1)
- Emission test chamber procedure (1)
- Exposure risk (1)
- FFF-3D-Printer (1)
- Fassadenfarbe (1)
- Fassadenfarben (1)
- Fertilizer (1)
- Fluor XANES (1)
- Fungal biofilms (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Genetic tools (1)
- Genome editing (1)
- Geosynthetics (1)
- Gichtgasschlamm (1)
- Gleichwertigkeit Messverfahren (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Heterogeneity (1)
- Hi-Tension (1)
- Holzschutz (1)
- Hydraulic reactivity (1)
- IAQ (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- Indoor emission (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Ink analyses (1)
- Ir DNA staining approach (1)
- Klimaneutralität (1)
- Klärschlammasche (1)
- Klärschlammverordnung (1)
- Knufia petricola (1)
- MIC (1)
- Manuscript studies (1)
- Mechanochemical treatment (1)
- Method development (1)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Middle Ages (1)
- Nassaufbereitung (1)
- Nuclear waste disposal (1)
- Nährstoffe (1)
- PFAS analysis (1)
- Paints (1)
- Particles (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Phosphorus (1)
- Photoperception (1)
- Pigments (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Portland Cement (1)
- Projekte (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Ressourcenrückgewinnung (1)
- Risikobewertung (1)
- Rock-inhabiting black fungi (1)
- Rock-inhabiting fungus (1)
- Rostasche (1)
- Rotschlamm (1)
- Rückgewinnung (1)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- Schlacke (1)
- Schutzschichten (1)
- Sekundärrohstoffe (1)
- Sewage sludge (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (1)
- Sewage sludge incineration (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Standardarbeitsanweisungen (1)
- Standardisierung (1)
- Sum parameter analysis (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- TXRF (1)
- Test method (1)
- Thermische Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Thermochemische Prozesse (1)
- Tolerance (1)
- Ultrafine particles (1)
- Uptake rate (1)
- VOC (1)
- Versuchskampagne (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Wiederholbarkeit (1)
- Workflows (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence analyses (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- Zink (1)
- individual-based modelling (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- thermochemische Behandlung (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (61)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (18)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (14)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (14)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (8)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (7)
- 6 Materialchemie (2)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (2)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (1)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (61)
BIOCIDE
(2022)
Sunlight is an important environmental factor is almost all ecosystems by being a source of energy, information, and stress. All organisms must protect themselves from the harmful effects of light such as UV radiation, ROS accumulation, heat, and desiccation. Finally, light qualities and quantities can be used for decision making, timing and as guide for directed growth when they are sensed and transduced into intracellular signals. Botrytis cinerea and other plant pathogens infecting the sun-exposed parts of the plant must cope with the high light conditions the host plant seeks. Further they experience an altered light spectrum (‘green gap’) when they colonize shaded parts of the plant; it is depleted for blue and red light that is absorbed by the plant chlorophyll and enriched for green and far-red light that is reflected or transmitted by the plant tissue. As these ambient light conditions trigger the shade avoidance response in the plant, the pathogens may trigger their own ‘shading response’ such as the upregulation of virulence determinants and inoculum production. B. cinerea maintains a highly sophisticated light signaling machinery that senses different light qualities to trigger a variety of responses, that are protection, morphogenesis, positive and negative tropisms, and entrainment. These characteristics render B. cinerea a valuable model to enlighten the role of light in parasitic fungus-plant interactions and beyond. The vegetative mycelium – the core of all infection and developmental programs – is not visibly pigmented and thus considered to be sensitive to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, the vegetative hyphae have a very limited half-life and are usually restricted to the invasive growth phase in which they are protected from light by the plant tissue. Fast colonization of host tissues and by this proper nutrient acquisition enables the rapid formation of long-lasting reproduction structures (melanized conidiophores with conidia, sclerotia) on the surfaces of rotted plant tissues. Depending on the light and temperature conditions, conidiation or sclerotial development is initiated. Taken together, B. cinerea uses light-regulated signaling networks to avoid light whenever possible; for example, by minimizing the half-life of sensitive cells that are hiding in plant tissues and by scheduling critical steps such as conidiogenesis, conidial germination and penetration of plant tissues for the night.
Fungi that share light-flooded habitats with phototrophs may profit from their excess photosynthetic products. But to cope with sunlight-associated stresses [e.g. high temperatures, UV radiation with associated DNA damage, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), desiccation and osmotic stresses] it is important for fungi to accurately sense and respond to changes in light. The genomes of black [dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin-containing] fungi from phyllosphere and exposed solid surfaces contain multiple photoreceptors (PRs). The plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea (Leotiomycetes) has a highly sophisticated photosensory and signalling system that helps to avoid light and to locate susceptible hosts. Rock-inhabiting Dothideomycetes and Eurotiomycetes including Knufia petricola possess equal numbers of PRs along with the same set of protective pigments. This similarity between black fungi from plant and rock surfaces suggests that photoperception and -regulation are important for fungi that receive nutrients through cooperation with phototrophs.
Black fungi also called black yeasts, rock-inhabiting fungi or microcolonial fungi are a group of Ascomycetes [Eurotiomycetes, Arthoniomycetes and Dothideomycetes] that exhibit high stress tolerance, yeast‑like or meristematic growth, and constitutive 1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene (DHN) melanin formation. They dominate a range of hostile natural and man‑made environments – from desert rocks and salterns to dishwashers, roofs, and solar panels. Due to their slow growth and the lack of sexual cycles and genetic tools, the underlying mechanisms of black fungi’s phenotypic traits have remained largely unexplored. We consider the rock inhabitant K. petricola [Eurotiomycetes, Chaetothyriales] a suitable model for studying the phenotypic characteristics of black fungi. With K. petricola the regulation of pigment synthesis, general stress responses and the unusual modes of cell division can be dissected by advanced reverse and forward genetics approaches. The genome of K. petricola strain A95 was sequenced using a combination of short high quality Illumina reads and long PacBio reads. The final assembly consists of twelve contigs: five complete chromosomes and six contigs with one telomer each. Gene annotation supported by transcriptomics and proteomics data was manually curated. Recently, we developed a set of genetic tools to manipulate the genome for analyzing gene functions and studying the cell biology. This set includes CRISPR/Cas9-based genome editing and live-cell imaging using genetically encoded fluorescent proteins, as well as protocols for -omics approaches and for simulation of mineral weathering in the laboratory. Mutants defective in DHN melanogenesis, carotenogenesis or both processes are currently studied to elucidate the role of these protective pigments in tolerance of natural and man-made stresses, weathering of olivine, penetration of marble, and adhesion to surfaces. Further, the established protocols and knowledge gained from K. petricola form a starting point for making other extremotolerant black fungi accessible to genetic manipulation.
Die passive Probenahme von VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) mit Tenax® TA und Thermodesorption GC/MS Analytik ist eine einfache, kosteneffiziente und repräsentative Methode zur Bestimmung der VOC-Konzentrationen in der Innenraumluft. In der Theorie ist die Stoffaufnahme in den Passivsammler nur abhängig vom Diffusionskoeffizienten der Substanz in Luft und der Geometrie des Sammlers (ideale Adsorption). Um sie zu charakterisieren, wird die Aufnahmerate (UR), definiert als Quotient der Massenaufnahme und dem Produkt aus Konzentration und Expositionszeit, verwendet. Viele effektive Aufnahmeraten (UR,eff) unterscheiden sich beträchtlich von idealen (theoretischen) Werten (UR,id). Literaturwerte sind in nationalen und internationalen Normen lediglich für bestimmte Expositionszeiten vorgegeben, während detaillierte Informationen über den zugehörigen Konzentrationsbereich fehlen. Außerdem ist die Anzahl der insgesamt in der Literatur beschriebenen Substanzen begrenzt. Das Ziel der vorgestellten Studie ist es diesen Fundus an Aufnahmeraten zu begutachten und zu prüfen und ihn durch die Bestimmung eigener qualitätsgesicherter Laborwerte zu ergänzen. Die bestimmten Aufnahmeraten werden als akkurat bezüglich ihrer relativen Standardabweichung und Vergleichbarkeit zu Literaturwerten betrachtet und können für Expositionszeiten von 7 Tagen bei Konzentrationen von 50 100 µg/m³ (ca. 100 300 ppm min) empfohlen werden. Die Sieben Tage Aufnahmeraten aus ISO16017 2 und ASTM D6196 sind nicht generell für diesen Zweck geeignet, wie exemplarisch für Benzol gezeigt wurde.
Axial passive sampling of VOCs with Tenax® TA and thermal desorption GC-MS analysis is an accepted alternative to active sampling in occupational hygiene. In theory, the uptake into the passive sampler is only dependent on the diffusion coefficient of the analyte in air and the geometry of the sampler (ideal adsorption). For characterization, the uptake rate (UR) is used defined as the ratio of the mass adsorbed and the product of ambient concentration and exposure time. Various reported effective uptake rates (UR,eff) differ to an increasing degree from ideal values (UR,id) with increasing exposure doses (denominator of the given definition of UR), (Tolnai, 2001). In national and international standards, uptake rates are essentially sorted by the applicable exposure time, while detailed information about the corresponding concentration range is lacking. Moreover, especially for long exposure periods as applied in indoor air monitoring, the number of itemized substances is limited. Therefore it is the aim of this contribution to review and expand uptake rate data by comparison of literature and own laboratory values of assured quality. Passive samplers were exposed to nine single compound atmospheres of known concentrations for seven days. Concentrations were checked twice a day via active sampling.The determined uptake rates are considered accurate in terms of RSD and comparability to literature values and can be recommended for exposure times of seven days at 50 – 100 μg m-3 (approximately 100 – 300 ppm min). Seven-day uptake rates in ISO16017-2 and ASTM D6196 are not generally suited for this purpose, as has been exemplarily shown for benzene. Thus, it is crucial for optimization of the method to produce more reliable uptake rate data, including specific information about applicable exposure times and concentrations, which will be promoted in the course of this ongoing study.
Quantitative chemical analysis of airborne particulate matter (PM) is vital for the understanding of health effects in indoor and outdoor environments, as well as for enforcing air quality regulations. Typically, airborne particles are sampled over long time periods on filters, followed by lab-based analysis, e.g., with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Within the EURAMET EMPIR AEROMET project, cascade impactor aerosol sampling was combined for the first time with on-site total reflection X-ray fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy to develop a tool for quantifying particle element compositions within short time intervals and even on-site. This makes variations of aerosol chemistry observable with time resolution of only a few hours and with good size resolution in the PM10 range. A proof of principles of this methodological approach and the comparison to standard methods within the scope of a field campaign will be presented. Secondly, aerosol sampling and TXRF analysis seems suitable for the quantification of elements in indoor aerosols as well and may provide an important enhancement of existing methods for the analysis of organic species in aerosols (such as sampling and TD-GC/MS). As an example, the TXRF analysis of particles emitted from laser printers under controlled conditions in an environmental test chamber will be presented.
For the European sewage sludge ash monitoring ash samples from sewage sludge incineration plants were requested from all over Europe. First results of the received samples regarding main and trace element contents were presented at ESPC4. Moreover, a list of all known European facilities for sewage sludge monoincineration was presented.
Analyseverfahren und Messhäufigkeit zur Bestimmung des Phosphorgehalts im Klärschlamm nach AbfKlärV
(2022)
Auf dem Betreiberforum der DWA-Plattform P-Rück wurden die Empfehlungen für den Vollzug der Phosphorrückgewinnungspflicht aus Klärschlamm vorgestellt. Diese Empfehlungen behandeln die Häufigkeit der Phosphoruntersuchungen im Klärschlamm, wo ein Jahresgang empfohlen wird und eine Empfehlung der Phosphorbestimmung über Aufschluss der Probe in der Mikrowelle und Messung mit ICP-OES. Untermauert wurden die Empfehlungen mit den Ergebnissen von Klärschlamm-Monitoring, Ringversuch und Analytikvergleich aus dem Vorhaben extraWERT.
In Deutschland ist ab 2029 eine Phosphorrückgewinnung aus Klärschlamm verpflichtend. Ausgenommen sind Klärschlämme mit weniger als 20 g P/kg TM. Für die Phosphorbestimmung sind verschiedene Methoden nach Klärschlammverordnung als gleichwertig zugelassen: Der Königswasseraufschluss in der Mikrowelle und am Rückfluss sowie die Messung an ICP-OES, ICP-MS und die photometrische Bestimmung mittels Ammoniummolybdaten. An der BAM wurden die unterschiedlichen Methodenkombinationen aus Aufschluss- und Messmethode an 15 Klärschlämmen überprüft und in einem Ringversuch mit einem Klärschlamm getestet. Die Ergebnisse werden in diesem Vortrag zusammengefasst. Als Folge der Untersuchungen wird für die Phosphorbestimmung in Klärschlamm die ICP-OES-Messung nach Königswasseraufschluss in der Mikrowelle empfohlen.