4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (22)
- Vortrag (8)
- Buchkapitel (1)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (1)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (1)
- Posterpräsentation (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (34)
Schlagworte
- Termite (7)
- Evolution (6)
- Immunity (5)
- Pathogen (4)
- Virus (4)
- Bioinformatics (3)
- Emerging (3)
- Social (3)
- Termites (3)
- Bee (2)
- Cannibalism (2)
- Cockroach (2)
- Disease (2)
- Entomopathogen (2)
- Microbiota (2)
- Nosema ceranae (2)
- Osmia bicornis (2)
- Social immunity (2)
- Virology (2)
- Virulence (2)
- Wild bees (2)
- A key interface (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone (1)
- Adipokinetic hormone receptor (1)
- Advanced groups of termites (1)
- Ag-LDI-MS (1)
- Animal immune system (1)
- Anobium punctatum (1)
- Anti-microbial effects (1)
- Antimicrobial (1)
- Ascosphaera apis (1)
- Bee diseases (1)
- Bee health (1)
- Bees (1)
- Behavioural mechanisms (1)
- Bioinformatics virology viruses software (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Biotic environment (1)
- Blattodea (1)
- Chemical ecology (1)
- Close proximity to colonies (1)
- Community-level interactions (1)
- Contraction (1)
- Control (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Cuticular hydrocarbons (1)
- DNA barcode (1)
- DNA polymerase (1)
- De novo assembly (1)
- Differential gene expression analysis (1)
- Draft Genome (1)
- DsRNA (1)
- E$volution (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Edible insects (1)
- Entomopathogenic Fungus (1)
- Epidemal layer (1)
- Expansion (1)
- External (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Fungiculture (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GDL (1)
- GNBP-2 (1)
- Gut symbionts (1)
- Honey bee (1)
- Honeybee (1)
- Host and symbiont ecology (1)
- Host immunity (1)
- Hygienic behavior (1)
- Hypermutation (1)
- Immune gene prediction (1)
- ImmunoDB (1)
- Infecting a number of insects, (1)
- Insect evolution (1)
- Isoptera (1)
- Korynetes caeruleus (1)
- Major transition (1)
- Marek's Disease Virus (1)
- Marek's virus (1)
- Mechanisms of pathogenesis (1)
- Metarhizium (1)
- Metarhizium robertsii DSM 1490 (1)
- Microbe (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Molecular clock (1)
- Multicellularity (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Neuropeptide (1)
- New exocrine organ (1)
- Pathogen spillover (1)
- Pathogen transmission (1)
- Pathogen virulence (1)
- Peptide-derived components (1)
- Polymerase mutant (1)
- Proofreading deficient (1)
- Proteome (1)
- Quasispecies (1)
- RNA extraction (1)
- RNAi (1)
- Rostral gland (1)
- Social insect (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Sociality (1)
- Software (1)
- Soil-feeding habit (1)
- Soldier (1)
- Solitary bees (1)
- Subsocial (1)
- Survival rates (1)
- Symbiosis (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Tripartite interactions (1)
- Viruses (1)
- Xestobium rufovillosum (1)
- Yeast (1)
- mRNA-seq (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
- ‘Green’ pesticide (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
Paper des Monats
- ja (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (8)
Wild bees are important pollinators of wild plants and agricultural crops and they are threatened by several environmental stressors including emerging pathogens. Honey bees have been suggested as a potential source of pathogen spillover. One prevalent pathogen that has recently emerged as a honey bee disease is the microsporidian Nosema ceranae. While the impacts of N. ceranae in honey bees are well documented, virtually nothing is known about its effects in solitary wild bees.
The solitary mason bee Osmia bicornis is a common pollinator in orchards and amenable to Commercial management. Here, we experimentally exposed larvae of O. bicornis to food contaminated with N. ceranae and document spore presence during larval development. We measured mortality, growth parameters, and timing of pupation in a semi-field experiment. Hatched individuals were assessed for physiological state including fat body mass, wing muscle mass, and body size. We recorded higher mortality in the viable-spore-exposed group but could only detect a low number of Spores among the individuals of this treatment. Viable-spore-treated individuals with higher head capsule width had a delayed pupation start. No impact on the physiological status could be detected in hatched imagines. Although we did not find overt evidence of O. bicornis infection, our findings indicate that exposure of larvae to viable N. ceranae spores could affect bee development.
While sociality is present in a taxonomically diverse number of species, most animals remain solitary (Bourke, 2011). Over the last centuries, this apparent imbalance in social and non-social animals has led to a great deal of research aimed at shedding light on the biotic and abiotic factors explaining the emergence and maintenance of sociality in nature (West et al., 2015).
Among them, microbes were quickly identified as a major problem for the evolution of social life, because frequent contact between group members typically facilitates the transmission of pathogens, high nest fidelity favours the establishment of microbial pathogens close to their social hosts and, finally, because social groups often exhibit limited genetic diversity and thus limited genetic resistance against certain pathogen strains (Schmid-Hempel, 1998; Cremer et al., 2007). However, this long-standing view has changed considerably over the last few years. Recent research indeed revealed that group living may be more effective than solitary living to Limit the risk of infection by pathogenic microbes because group living also allows the development of an additional layer of defence against pathogens in the form of social immunity (Cremer et al., 2007; Cotter and Kilner, 2010). Under strong pressure from pathogens, microbes could therefore promote, rather than hinder, the evolutionary transition from solitary to group Living (Meunier, 2015; Biedermann and Rohlfs, 2017). Moreover, we are increasingly aware that many microbes provide essential benefits to their hosts by performing critical digestive, physiological, and reproductive functions (Engel and Moran, 2013; McFall-Ngai et al., 2013). The need to Access beneficial microbes may thus have played a role in the expression of frequent and tight interactions between conspecifics and ultimately promoted social evolution (Wilson, 1971; Onchuru et al., 2018). Finally, a growing number of studies suggest that microbes could enforce the Aggregation and expression of cooperative behaviours of the hosts to increase their chance of reaching new hosts and may therefore be involved in the evolution of host sociality (Lewin-Epstein et al., 2017) (but see Johnson and Foster, 2018).
The soil-feeding habit is an evolutionary novelty found in some advanced groups of termites. The study of such groups is important to revealing interesting adaptations to this way-of-life. The genus Verrucositermes is one such example, characterized by peculiar outgrowths on the head capsule, antennae and maxillary palps, which are not found in any other termite. These structures have been hypothesized to be linked to the presence of a new exocrine organ, the rostral gland, whose structure has remained unexplored.
We have thus studied the ultrastructure of the epidermal layer of the head capsule of Verrucositermes tuberosus soldiers.We describe the ultrastructure of the rostral gland, which consists of class 3 secretory cells only. The dominant secretory organelles comprise rough endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus, which provide secretions delivered to the surface of the head, likely made of peptide-derived components of unclear function. We discuss a possible role of the rostral gland of soldiers as an adaptation to the frequent encounter with soil pathogens during search for new food resources.
The bipartite interactions between insect hosts and their bacterial gut microbiota, or their bacterial pathogens, are empirically and theoretically well-explored. However, direct, and indirect tripartite interactions will also likely occur inside a host. These interactions will almost certainly affect the trajectory of pathogen virulence evolution, an area that is currently under researched. The interactions within tripartite associations can be competitive, that is, exploitative-competition, interference-competition or apparent-competition. Competitive interactions will be significantly influenced by non-competitive effects, for example, immunopathology, immunosuppression, and microbiota-mediated tolerance. Considering a combination of these interactions and effects, will enable an increased understanding of the evolution of pathogen virulence. This new perspective allows us to identify several novel research questions, which we hope will be a useful framework for future research.