4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2022 (61) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (61) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (61)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (11)
- Antimicrobial resistance (8)
- Phosphorrückgewinnung (5)
- Risk assessment (5)
- Antimicrobial coating (4)
- Klärschlamm (4)
- PFAS (4)
- XANES spectroscopy (4)
- Biofilms (3)
- Disinfection (3)
- Leaching (3)
- Phosphor (3)
- Ringversuch (3)
- Standardization (3)
- Transformation (3)
- Bacteria (2)
- Biocide tolerance (2)
- Biozide (2)
- Combustion ion chromatography (2)
- Dünger (2)
- EN 16516 (2)
- Evolution (2)
- Horizontal gene transfer (2)
- ISO 16000-6 (2)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (2)
- Light (2)
- Melanin (2)
- Mutation rate (2)
- Nano (2)
- Phosphorus recovery (2)
- Recycling (2)
- Reproduzierbarkeit (2)
- Resistance (2)
- Soil (2)
- Stress (2)
- VVOCs (2)
- Zement (2)
- Abdichtungssystem (1)
- Aerosol (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Air quality monitoring (1)
- Analytical method (1)
- Analytische Methode (1)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (1)
- Antimikrobielle Resistenz (1)
- Antmikrobielle Oberflächen (1)
- Ashdec (1)
- Autoclave tests (1)
- BOFS (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (1)
- Behördenklausurtagung (1)
- Bio-weathering (1)
- Biocide (1)
- Biofilm growth (1)
- Biozid (1)
- Black fungi (1)
- Bundesoberbehörden (1)
- CIC (1)
- Cairo Genizah (1)
- Carbon steel corrosion (1)
- Cascade impactor (1)
- Cast iron (1)
- Construction products (1)
- Controllable gene expression (1)
- Cross-resistance (1)
- DIN EN 350 (1)
- Dauerhaftigkeit (1)
- Deponie (1)
- Desiccation (1)
- Diffusive sampling (1)
- Digitalisierung (1)
- Düngemittel (1)
- E. coli (1)
- EOF (1)
- Ecotoxicity (1)
- Effective uptake rate (1)
- Elektronisches Laborbuch (1)
- Elektroofenstaub (1)
- Element mass concentration (1)
- Emission (1)
- Emission reference materials (1)
- Emission test chamber (1)
- Emission test chamber procedure (1)
- Exposure risk (1)
- FFF-3D-Printer (1)
- Fassadenfarbe (1)
- Fassadenfarben (1)
- Fertilizer (1)
- Fluor XANES (1)
- Fungal biofilms (1)
- Fungus (1)
- Genetic tools (1)
- Genome editing (1)
- Geosynthetics (1)
- Gichtgasschlamm (1)
- Gleichwertigkeit Messverfahren (1)
- Heavy metal removal (1)
- Heterogeneity (1)
- Hi-Tension (1)
- Holzschutz (1)
- Hydraulic reactivity (1)
- IAQ (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- Indoor emission (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Ink analyses (1)
- Ir DNA staining approach (1)
- Klimaneutralität (1)
- Klärschlammasche (1)
- Klärschlammverordnung (1)
- Knufia petricola (1)
- MIC (1)
- Manuscript studies (1)
- Mechanochemical treatment (1)
- Method development (1)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Middle Ages (1)
- Nassaufbereitung (1)
- Nuclear waste disposal (1)
- Nährstoffe (1)
- PFAS analysis (1)
- Paints (1)
- Particles (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Phosphorus (1)
- Photoperception (1)
- Pigments (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Portland Cement (1)
- Projekte (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Ressourcenrückgewinnung (1)
- Risikobewertung (1)
- Rock-inhabiting black fungi (1)
- Rock-inhabiting fungus (1)
- Rostasche (1)
- Rotschlamm (1)
- Rückgewinnung (1)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- Schlacke (1)
- Schutzschichten (1)
- Sekundärrohstoffe (1)
- Sewage sludge (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (1)
- Sewage sludge incineration (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Standardarbeitsanweisungen (1)
- Standardisierung (1)
- Sum parameter analysis (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- TXRF (1)
- Test method (1)
- Thermische Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Thermochemische Prozesse (1)
- Tolerance (1)
- Ultrafine particles (1)
- Uptake rate (1)
- VOC (1)
- Versuchskampagne (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Wiederholbarkeit (1)
- Workflows (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence analyses (1)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray diffraction (1)
- Zink (1)
- individual-based modelling (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- thermochemische Behandlung (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (61)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (18)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (14)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (14)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (8)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (7)
- 6 Materialchemie (2)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (2)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (1)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (61)
Phenotypic heterogeneity in disinfection: sources and consequences for antimicrobial resistance
(2022)
A summary of projects here at BAM which investigate the influence of phenotypic heterogeneity on the outcome of disinfection and the influence on antimicrobial resistance. This presentation was given in the Theory Seminar of the Quantitative and Theoretical Biology group of Prof. Oliver Ebenhöh at HHU Düsseldorf
Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) is a highly unpredictable process dictated by the environment, microorganisms, and the respective electron source. Interaction pathways between cells and the metal surface remain unclear. The development of this novel single cell-inductively coupled plasma-time of flight-mass spectrometry analytical method and a MIC-specific staining procedure facilitate the investigation of steel-MIC interactions. With this it is possible to analyze the multi-elemental fingerprint of individual cells. The detection method revealed elemental selectivity for the corrosive methanogenic archaeal strain Methanobacterium-affiliated IM1. The interface between material and environmental analysis thus receives special attention, e.g., when considering MIC on solid steel. Hence, the possible uptake of individual elements from different steel samples is investigated. Results showed the cells responded at a single-cell level to the different types of supplemented elements and displayed the abilities to interact with chromium, vanadium, titanium, cobalt, and molybdenum from solid metal surfaces. The information obtained will be used in the future to elucidate underlying mechanisms and develop possible material protection concepts, thus combining modern methods of analytical sciences with materials research.
During iron and steel production, several by-products such as slags, dusts, and sludges are generated in addition to pig iron and steel as primary products. Especially for filter dusts and sludges containing zinc and lead from gas purification, there are still considerable recycling problems. However, the high heavy metal contents make landfilling of these dusts and sludges cost-intensive and ecologically problematic. In addition, the relatively high zinc and iron loads represent a valuable resource, which can make reprocessing of the material with recovery of the zinc and iron loads as secondary raw materials ecologically as well as economically attractive. Nevertheless, established recycling methods like the Waelz process fall short in regaining more than one valuable metal from the dusts and operate only under narrow ranges of material compositions, which makes it problematic to adapt these processes to new dust compositions as are to be formed in future steel work operations.
To tackle these problems, the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) and Ferro Duo GmbH investigate innovative recycling methods for steelwork dusts and sludges in a joint project. This mainly focusses on regaining valuable metals such as iron as well as zinc from blast furnace sludge (BFS) and electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) by thermochemical treatment.
Therefore, mixtures of these materials are heated under inert atmosphere employing the carbon present in BFS as internal reducing agent. During the process, metallic iron is formed in the solid reaction product while zinc and other volatile heavy metals are evaporated. This paves the way for the generation of zinc as well as sponge iron as two separate products valuable for metallurgical processes. The process basically consists of heating a mixture of BFS and EAFD to temperatures between 700 and 1100 °C under inert (e.g., nitrogen) or reducing (e.g., CO) gas flow. When a suitable mixing ratio is applied, the carbon present in the BFS can be effectively used as reducing agent for iron and zinc present in both starting materials generating a solid residue with high metallic iron and low carbon content as well as a gas stream laden with zinc and other volatile heavy metals, that can be regained by off-gas treatment.
The project aims at testing this concept as a continuous process in a pilot plant established by Ferro Duo GmbH with BAM supplying comprehensive scientific support by lab- and small scale-experiments.
Additionally, considering the necessity to mitigate CO2 emissions and the resulting shift in compositions of steel work dusts and sludges, our research also investigates replacement of carbon present in the sludges by hydrogen as potentially carbon-neutral reducing agent. Here, the use of non-explosive forming gas as reducing agent for EAFD shows potential to give a product high in metallic iron while zinc and other heavy metals are effectively evaporated from the solid material making it possible to regain them from the exhaust gas stream.
Die Bewertung der Dauerhaftigkeit von Holz und Holzprodukten ist ein zentrales Thema im Holzschutz. Es wird zwischen einer natürlichen und einer herbeigeführten Dauerhaftigkeit unterschieden. Die Norm DIN EN 350 trägt beiden Richtungen Rechnung. Die Anwendung der Norm wird in vielen Fällen aber nicht korrekt durchgeführt. Schwachstellen werden diskutiert.
Using nanofiber-like cell appendages, secreted proteins and sugars, bacteria can establish initial surface contact followed by irreversible adhesion and the formation of multicellular biofilms. Here, the stabilizing extracellular biofilm matrix together with physiological changes on the single cell level leads to an increased resilience towards harsh environmental conditions, antimicrobials, the host immune response and established cleaning procedures. Persistent microbial adhesion on e.g., medical implants, in water supply networks or food-processing industry is often associated with chronic inflammation, nosocomial and foodborne infections, enhanced biofouling and product contamination. To prevent persistent microbial colonization, antibacterial surface strategies often target the initial steps of biofilm formation and impede adhesion of single cells before a mature biofilm is being formed. While chemical coatings have been widely used, their restricted biocompatibility for eukaryotic cells and attenuated antibacterial-effects due to compound release limit their areas of application and alternative strategies focus on modified surfaces topographies to impede bacterial adhesion. In this work, we used ns-UV laser treatment (wavelength 248 nm and a pulse duration of 20 ns) to generate laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) with different submicrometric periods ranging from ~210 to ~610 nm on commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) foils. Following structurally and chemically analyses, PET samples were subjected to bacterial colonization studies with Escherichia coli TG1, a bacterial test strain with a strong biofilm formation capacity due to the formation of nanofiber-like cell-appendages (pili). Bacterial adhesion tests revealed that E. coli repellence decisively depends on the spatial periods of the LIPSS with the strongest reduction (~91%) in cell adhesion observed for LIPSS periods of 214 nm. Scanning electron microscopy and additional biofilm studies using a pili-deficient E. coli TG1 strain revealed the importance of extracellular appendages in the bacterial repellence observed here, thus, pointing out new antibiotics-free strategies for antibacterial surfaces by impeding nanofiber-mediated bacterial adhesion.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have emerged over the course of the last twenty years as a global pollution issue. Altogether, there are currently more than 4700 known but only partly characterized fluorinated compounds identified by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), as shown by a recently published classification proposal.
The ongoing production of new, yet unrestricted PFAS alternatives has become a major challenge for environmental routine analytics, since the state-of-the-art method LC-MS/MS relies on structural information and availability of isotope standards of the targeted compound. First reported by Miyake et al., fluorine sum parameters like adsorbable organic fluorine (AOF), extractable organic fluorine (EOF) and total fluorine (TF) can be applied to survey and detect the presence of large amounts of unidentified organofluorine compounds in environmental matrices. Today fluorine sum parameters have been established as a useful supplement to classic target-analytical approaches of PFAS and were implemented for the first time as a sum value “PFAS-total” in the recently revised Drinking Water Directive (2020/2184) by the European Commission.
In contrast, X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy has been widely applied to identify low concentration of element-specific contamination without pre-treatment in environmental samples in the past. The XANES approach enables a penetration depth of approx. 1 µm (at fluorine K-edge energy; depending on the matrix) which is significantly deeper than for X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS; penetration depth approx. 10 nm). Furthermore, the method is fast, non-destructive and only simple preparation of the samples is required.
In our work, we combined both F-XANES spectroscopy and combustion ion chromatography (CIC) in order to present a new analytical perspective on the investigation of PFAS in environmental media and material samples.
Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with various environments during direct application or passive leaching from protected materials [1]. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem and the environment is an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR [2,3]. Soil is an environment with a large reservoir of natural microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Those natural microbial communities are frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives. Previous studies have shown that antibiotics, metals and pesticides affect the underlying processes of resistance evolution and spread; namely de novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer by conjugation and transformation in microbial communities. However, it is unknown if active substances used in material preservatives are involved in these processes. We show that biocides used as material preservatives affect rates of mutation and conjugation in microorganism in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not directly affected. Our data highlights the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread in the environment.
Biocides used as material preservatives are in contact with various environments during direct application or passive leaching from protected materials. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health problem and the environment is an important compartment for the evolution and transmission of AMR. Soil is an environment with a large reservoir of natural microbial communities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. Those natural microbial communities are frequently exposed to biocides used as material preservatives. Previous studies have shown that antibiotics, metals and pesticides affect the underlying processes of resistance evolution and spread; namely de novo mutagenesis and horizontal gene transfer by conjugation and transformation in microbial communities. However, it is unknown if active substances used in material preservatives are involved in these processes. We show that biocides used as material preservatives affect rates of mutation and conjugation in microorganism in a species- and substance-dependent manner, while rates of transformation are not directly affected. Our data highlights the importance of assessing the contribution of material preservatives on AMR evolution and spread in the environment.