4 Material und Umwelt
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Erscheinungsjahr
- 2015 (16) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (7)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (5)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (2)
- Posterpräsentation (2)
Schlagworte
- Phosphorus recovery (2)
- Sewage sludge ash (2)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Complex environmental samples (1)
- Critical raw materials (1)
- Klärschlammasche (1)
- Leaching tests (1)
- Monitoring (1)
- Phoshorrückgewinnung (1)
- Phosphorus (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (16) (entfernen)
In order to estimating the amount and kind of emissions from polymeric sporting tracks a laboratory test was developed in BAM that combines artificial weathering and subsequent batch and column tests [1, 2, 3]. The goal consisted in nvestigating a possible change of emissions into soil and groundwater of a new sporting ground as a function of ageing and egradation of the system. At various stages of the weathering, the samples were removed and subjected to especially designed column extraction tests for the solid samples. Both these extracts and the accumulated rainwater run-off of the weathering device were subjected to analytical tests of their ingredients. The overall aim of the test consisted in developing ontrollable, reproducible, and standardisable conditions and methods of investigation that would allow an estimation of the emissions in the course of outdoor application of about five years.
Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) and solid phase microextraction (SPME) are well-established sample preparation methods for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aqueous samples. However, complex matrices especially characterized by slurry particles and dissolved organic matter (DOM) can hamper the extraction of PAH with both SBSE and SPME and lead to different results. Thus, we produced aqueous eluates from PAH-contaminated soils differing in particle size distribution and organic matter content and determined the PAH concentration in the eluates with both SBSE and SPME. Furthermore, we tested the influence of filtration on the PAH analysis. The excess finding of PAH with SBSE compared to SPME ranged from −16.6 to 24.5 %. The differences increased after filtration. We found a strong positive correlation of the excess finding to the total organic carbon content (TOC) and a negative one to the pH value. The results indicate that SBSE is less affected by complex matrices than SPME.
Klärschlammaschen weisen hohe Gehalte an Phosphor auf, dieser ist allerdings schlecht für Pflanzen verfügbar. Des Weiteren enthalten sie Schwermetalle die vor dem Einsatz als Düngemittel entfernt werden müssen. Vor diesem Hintergrund wurden in den letzten Jahren nasschemische und thermochemische Verfahren entwickelt und zum Teil bereits in Demonstrationsanlagen getestet. Ein thermochemischer Verfahrensansatz wird in diesem Beitrag näher vorgestellt. Klärschlammaschen werden mit Klärschlamm als Reduktionsmittel und Natriumsulfat als Aufschlussmittel im Drehrohrofen thermisch behandelt. Bei diesem Prozess wird pflanzenverfügbares NaCaPÜ4 gebildet, unerwünschte Elemente wie As, Cd, Hg und Pb werden zum Teil über die Gasphase separiert. Die Ergebnisse eines Demonstrationsversuchs werden vorgestellt.
The number of different secondary raw materials used for fertilizer production is expected to increase in the future due to newly developed recycling procedures. Thus, more and more different matrices have to be analyzed. Furthermore, the respective legislation and analytical methodology is nonuniform throughout Europe. Therefore, a harmonization of the the regulations and Standards is desirable. We conduct a research project to test the existing analytical methods on their applicability to a broad variety of matrices to support the harmonization process. The project is scheduled tili late spring 2017. Initial results will be presented.
Phosphorus (P) is essential for all forms of life and cannot be substituted. It is one of the macro nutrients applied in form of mineral or organic fertilizers in agricultural crop production. Mineral P fertilizers are generally based on phosphate rock, a limited resource. Western Europe completely depends on imports as it has no own relevant phosphate mines. The most abundant phosphate deposits are located only in a few countries such as Morocco, China, South Africa and the United States of America. Furthermore, phosphate rock and as a consequence mineral P fertilizers are often contaminated with the toxic elements cadmium and uranium. In Order to substitute phosphate rock P-bearing waste streams are investigated for their potential to be recyded as fertilizers. Wastewater is one of the important P-bearing waste streams that were in the focus of research in the last 10 years. German wastewater is e.g. a carrier of approx. 70,000 t of phosphorus per year.