4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (299)
- Vortrag (280)
- Posterpräsentation (137)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (43)
- Buchkapitel (23)
- Dissertation (6)
- Sonstiges (6)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (5)
- Forschungsbericht (4)
- Forschungsdatensatz (3)
Sprache
- Englisch (812) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (50)
- Antimicrobial resistance (34)
- Corrosion (25)
- Bacteria (24)
- Biofilms (24)
- Ink (24)
- Leaching (23)
- Biofilm (19)
- MIC (19)
- Archaeometry (17)
- Nano (17)
- Sewage sludge (17)
- VOC (17)
- Evolution (15)
- Phosphorus (15)
- XRF (15)
- Bottom ash (14)
- Methanogens (14)
- OECD (14)
- Phosphorus recovery (14)
- Recycling (14)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (13)
- PFAS (13)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (13)
- Raman spectroscopy (13)
- Fungus (12)
- Inks (12)
- Black fungi (11)
- Construction products (11)
- Disinfection (11)
- E. coli (11)
- Manuscripts (11)
- NAP-XPS (11)
- XANES spectroscopy (11)
- Antimicrobial coating (10)
- Biocide (10)
- Reverse glass painting (10)
- Soil (10)
- Archaea (9)
- Cascade impactor (9)
- DRIFTS (9)
- Genetics (9)
- Knufia petricola (9)
- Manuscript (9)
- Microbiology (9)
- Persistence (9)
- Resistance (9)
- Standardization (9)
- Termite (9)
- Wastewater (9)
- Aerosol (8)
- Circular economy (8)
- Ecotoxicity (8)
- Ectoine (8)
- Fertilizer (8)
- Fungi (8)
- Geosynthetics (8)
- Indoor air quality (8)
- Non-destructive testing (8)
- Non-invasive analysis (8)
- TXRF (8)
- Volatile organic compounds (8)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (8)
- Combustion ion chromatography (7)
- Coptic (7)
- Horizontal gene transfer HGT (7)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (7)
- Melanin (7)
- Nanomaterial (7)
- Papyrus (7)
- Reference material (7)
- Resistance evolution (7)
- Risk assessment (7)
- Termites (7)
- Tolerance (7)
- Weathering (7)
- Antibiotics (6)
- BOFS (6)
- Bacterial adhesion (6)
- Biocide tolerance (6)
- Cultural heritage (6)
- DHN melanin (6)
- Dead Sea Scrolls (6)
- Emission (6)
- Fertilzer (6)
- Glutaraldehyde (6)
- Horizontal gene transfer (6)
- Hydraulic reactivity (6)
- ISO 16000-6 (6)
- Pathogen (6)
- Pigment (6)
- Remediation (6)
- Scandium (6)
- Thermal desorption (6)
- Wood protection (6)
- Alginate (5)
- Antimony (5)
- Bio-weathering (5)
- Biofilm formation (5)
- Cross-resistance (5)
- Degradation (5)
- Emission test chamber (5)
- Environmental Simulation (5)
- Gas chromatography (5)
- Ground water (5)
- Heterogeneity (5)
- Immunity (5)
- Incineration bottom ash (5)
- Ink analyses (5)
- Iron-gall ink (5)
- Korrosion (5)
- Methanogen (5)
- Mutation rate (5)
- Nanomaterials (5)
- Nanoparticle (5)
- Olivine (5)
- Parchment (5)
- Pigments (5)
- Portland Cement (5)
- Prüfrichtlinie (5)
- Pyrometallurgy (5)
- Reflectography (5)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (5)
- Sewage sludge ash (5)
- Single cell analysis (5)
- Spectroscopy (5)
- Standardisation (5)
- Test guideline (5)
- Ultrafine particles (5)
- XANES (5)
- XPS (5)
- Zinc (5)
- ATR (4)
- Air quality monitoring (4)
- Alite (4)
- Analytical method (4)
- Anobium punctatum (4)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (4)
- Antimicrobials (4)
- Biocorrosion (4)
- Carbon steel (4)
- Corrosion products (4)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (4)
- EN 16516 (4)
- Electric arc furnace dust (4)
- Emission reference materials (4)
- Environmental evaluation (4)
- Geotextiles (4)
- Guideline (4)
- Gypsum (4)
- Humboldt Codices (4)
- ICP-MS (4)
- Ink analysis (4)
- Light (4)
- Lysimeter (4)
- Method development (4)
- Microcolonial fungi (4)
- Middle Ages (4)
- NanoSIMS (4)
- Nanoparticles (4)
- Nitrogen (4)
- Particles (4)
- Passive sampling (4)
- Polyethylene (4)
- Polyglycerol (4)
- Raman Spectroscopy (4)
- Red Mud (4)
- Reference materials (4)
- Round robin test (4)
- Steelmaking slag (4)
- Tantalum (4)
- Thermal treatment (4)
- Tineola bisselliella (4)
- Transformation (4)
- UFP (4)
- VVOCs (4)
- Virus (4)
- 3D printing (3)
- Affinity chromatography (3)
- Antibodies (3)
- Antimicrobial (3)
- Architecture (3)
- BEMMA (3)
- Bauxite Residue (3)
- Biodeterioration (3)
- Bioinformatics (3)
- Black fungus (3)
- Blast furnace sludge (3)
- Cairo Genizah (3)
- Carbon Fibers (3)
- Carbon steel corrosion (3)
- Chamber test (3)
- Chemical analysis (3)
- Chemical durability (3)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (3)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (3)
- DNA (3)
- Design of experiments (3)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (3)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (3)
- Drawings (3)
- ESEM (3)
- Electron microscopy (3)
- Element mass concentration (3)
- Emerging (3)
- Emission reference material (3)
- Emissions (3)
- Environmental simulation (3)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (3)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (3)
- Extremotolerance (3)
- FFF-3D-Printer (3)
- FIB/SEM (3)
- Flow Model (3)
- Fluorescence (3)
- Genomics (3)
- Groundwater (3)
- Gut microbiota (3)
- HP14 (3)
- Halomonas elongata (3)
- Herculaneum (3)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (3)
- Immune gene family (3)
- In-situ analysis (3)
- Interlaboratory comparison (3)
- Ir DNA staining approach (3)
- LIPSS (3)
- Laser processing (3)
- Manuscript studies (3)
- Material science (3)
- Materials emissions test (3)
- Mechanochemical treatment (3)
- Metabolism (3)
- Methanogen-induced microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (3)
- Microplastics (3)
- Mixed ink (3)
- Modelling (3)
- Modelling studies (3)
- Non destructive analytical techniques (3)
- Non-destructiv testing (3)
- Odour (3)
- Osmoadaptation (3)
- Particle size distribution (3)
- Perceived Intensity (3)
- Persian manuscripts (3)
- Phenotypic diversity (3)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (3)
- Quality assurance (3)
- Raman (3)
- Recovery (3)
- Recycling fertilizer (3)
- Recycling materials (3)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (3)
- Rock-inhabiting fungus (3)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (3)
- Secondary building materials (3)
- Selective chlorination (3)
- Single cell (3)
- Size (3)
- Social (3)
- Stress tolerance (3)
- Struvite (3)
- Sulfate reducing bacteria (3)
- Symbiosis (3)
- UV radiation (3)
- VOC-emission (3)
- VVOC (3)
- Virulence (3)
- Waste management (3)
- Waste treatment (3)
- Wood Protection (3)
- X-ray diffraction (3)
- XRF analysis (3)
- 3D inspection (2)
- Additive Manufacturing (2)
- Additive Manufacturing (AM) (2)
- Adipokinetic hormone (2)
- Adipokinetic hormone receptor (2)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (2)
- Aerosol measurements (2)
- Agronomic performance (2)
- Air exchange rate (2)
- Air pollution (2)
- Air sampling (2)
- Aluminium (2)
- Ambient aerosols (2)
- Ammonium (2)
- Analytical methods (2)
- Anoxia (2)
- Antagonism (2)
- Antibiotic resisitance (2)
- Antiquity (2)
- Apanteles carpatus (2)
- Arabic Recipes (2)
- Artificial ageing (2)
- AshDec (2)
- Astrobiology (2)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics (2)
- Bacterial adhesion tests (2)
- Bacterial attachment (2)
- Bagasse (2)
- Baryscapus tineivorus (2)
- Bassanite (2)
- Bauprodukte (2)
- Bee (2)
- Biodiversity (2)
- Biofilm growth (2)
- Biofouling (2)
- Biogenic weathering (2)
- Biological pest control (2)
- Bioreceptivity (2)
- Biosynthesis (2)
- Biotechnology (2)
- Blattodea (2)
- Botrytis cinerea (2)
- Brown-rot fungi (2)
- Building and Construction (2)
- CDW processing (2)
- CFK (2)
- CO2 assisted impregnation (2)
- CRISPR/Cas9 (2)
- CSMC (2)
- Cabonfasern (2)
- Calcium alkali phosphate (2)
- Calcium silicate (2)
- Calcium sulfate (2)
- Cannibalism (2)
- Capsules (2)
- Carbide formation (2)
- Carbon feeding (2)
- Carbon ink (2)
- Chemical characterization (2)
- Chinese paper (2)
- Chromium (2)
- Circular Economy (2)
- Clinker substitute (2)
- Coastal protection (2)
- Cockroach (2)
- Colourants (2)
- Compatible solute (2)
- Comsumer good samples (2)
- Concrete (2)
- Condensed Matter Physics (2)
- Conservation (2)
- Consumer products (2)
- Contamination (2)
- Corynetes caeruleus (2)
- Crystallization (2)
- DGT (2)
- Density separation (2)
- Deponie (2)
- Desinfectant (2)
- Diffusive sampling (2)
- Disease (2)
- Disinfectants (2)
- Dry treatment (2)
- Dyes (2)
- E.coli (2)
- Electric Arc Furnace (2)
- Elektroofenstaub (2)
- Emission chamber (2)
- Emission testing (2)
- Emissionen (2)
- Energy Engineering and Power Technology (2)
- Entomopathogen (2)
- Environment (2)
- Environmental condition (2)
- European standard (2)
- Eusociality (2)
- FEM model (2)
- Flow system (2)
- Fluoride (2)
- Formaldehyde (2)
- Forsterite (2)
- Fuel Technology (2)
- Fume (2)
- Fungal biofilms (2)
- Genome sequence (2)
- Geogitter (2)
- Geokunststoffe (2)
- Geruch (2)
- Gichtgasschlamm (2)
- Glass (2)
- Glass scanning (2)
- Group defence (2)
- Gypsum recycling (2)
- HAXPES (2)
- Halomonas CRISPR Ectoine (2)
- Halophile (2)
- Hazard properties (2)
- Heavy metal removal (2)
- Hi-Tension (2)
- Hydrogen (2)
- In situ (2)
- Infrared spectroscopy (2)
- Ink composition (2)
- Inkwells (2)
- Insect biotechnology (2)
- Interdisciplinary (2)
- Interdisciplinary approach (2)
- Iron (2)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (2)
- Isoptera (2)
- Keratin (2)
- Knufia (2)
- Korynetes caeruleus (2)
- Lapis lazuli (2)
- Laser Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) (2)
- Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (2)
- Leaching control mechanisms (2)
- Leaching of waste materials (2)
- Leaching tests (2)
- Leather (2)
- Life history data (2)
- Loading factor (2)
- Low melting (2)
- MOF (2)
- MSWI bottom ash (2)
- Magnesium (2)
- Marble (2)
- Marine littering (2)
- Material emissions (2)
- Mechanochemistry (2)
- Melting experiments (2)
- Metabolomics (2)
- Micro plastic (2)
- Micro-XRF (2)
- Microbial (2)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (2)
- Microbiome (2)
- Microbiota (2)
- Microorganism (2)
- Micropatterning (2)
- Microplastic (2)
- Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (2)
- Model (2)
- Museum (2)
- Museum Pests (2)
- Nano particle (2)
- Nanopartikel (2)
- Neuropeptide (2)
- Nitrification inhibitor (2)
- Non invasive analysis (2)
- Nosema ceranae (2)
- Nutrient (2)
- Optics (2)
- Osmia bicornis (2)
- PGAA (2)
- PIXE (2)
- Particle gas emission (2)
- Particle size (2)
- Particle size distributuion (2)
- Particulate emission (2)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (2)
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (2)
- Perceived intensity (2)
- Permeable reactive barriers (2)
- Persister cells (2)
- Phopshorus recovery (2)
- Pigment analyses (2)
- Pigment identification (2)
- Plant pathogen (2)
- Plume (2)
- Pollutant (2)
- Pollutants (2)
- Provenance studies (2)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2)
- Purification (2)
- Reactive oxygen species (2)
- Recycling fertiliser (2)
- Recycling fertilisers (2)
- Reduction process (2)
- Reductive amination (2)
- Reference method (2)
- Rembrandt (2)
- Ressourcenrückgewinnung (2)
- Restoration and conservation (2)
- Risk assesment (2)
- Robustness studies (2)
- Sapphire (2)
- Scattering (2)
- Sewage sludge ordinance (2)
- Shale (2)
- Size distribution (2)
- Size resolved chemical composition (2)
- Social immunity (2)
- Soil P species (2)
- Soil-like material (2)
- Solar panel (2)
- Solubility (2)
- Sorption (2)
- Spatter (2)
- Stained glass (2)
- Steelmaking (2)
- Stress (2)
- Structured light scanning (2)
- Subaerial biofilm (2)
- Subaerial biofilms (2)
- Substance release (2)
- Sustainability (2)
- Synchrotron (2)
- Synthetic organic pigments (2)
- Termite phylogeny (2)
- Test Guideline (2)
- Testguideline (2)
- Thermal extraction (2)
- Thermochemical treatment (2)
- Time resolved chemical composition (2)
- Total reflection X-ray spectroscopy (2)
- Transcriptomics (2)
- Tricalcium-silicate (2)
- UV-irradiation (2)
- Vanadium (2)
- Virology (2)
- Waste-to-energy (2)
- Wild bees (2)
- Wooden toys (2)
- Writing inks (2)
- X-Ray fluorescence analyses (2)
- X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (2)
- Zink (2)
- genetics (2)
- melanin (2)
- (Semi)arid to humid-temperate natural ecosys (1)
- 13CO2 pulse labeling (1)
- 13th century (1)
- 16S rRNA gene (1)
- 2D nanomaterials (1)
- 3D Printing (1)
- 3D printer (1)
- A Greek palimpsest (1)
- A key interface (1)
- A-DNA conformation (1)
- AEROMET II (1)
- AEROMET project (1)
- AMR (1)
- ASAP-MS (1)
- ATR-FTIR (1)
- Academia (1)
- Accelerated aging (1)
- Accuracy (1)
- Acidobacteria (1)
- Adaptation (1)
- Adaption (1)
- Additive manufacturing (1)
- Advanced groups of termites (1)
- Aerodynamic levitation (1)
- Aerosol element alanysis (1)
- Aerosol element mass concentration (1)
- Aerosol gravimetry (1)
- Aerosol measurement instruments (1)
- Aerosol spectroscopy (1)
- Aerosols (1)
- Aerosolsensor (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Affinity support (1)
- Ag-LDI-MS (1)
- AgBB Bewertung (1)
- Agarose (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aging (1)
- Aging test (1)
- Aging tests (1)
- Agricultural mycology (1)
- Air analysis (1)
- Air pollution control (1)
- Air quality (1)
- Airborne Particles (1)
- Alexander von Humboldt (1)
- Alite hydraulic reactivity (1)
- Alkali zinc borate glass (1)
- Alkylating agents (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Ambient aerosol (1)
- Ambient air (1)
- Ambient air pollution (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Amphiphilic polymer (1)
- Amplicon sequencing (1)
- Anaerobic pathways (1)
- Analytical Chemistry (1)
- Analytical chemistry (1)
- Analytical screening techniques (1)
- Analytical standards (1)
- Ancient INKS (1)
- Ancient document production (1)
- Animal immune system (1)
- Anodization (1)
- Anti-microbial effects (1)
- Antiadhesive surfaces (1)
- Antibacterial (1)
- Antibacterial coatings (1)
- Antibacterial polymer (1)
- Antibacterial surfaces (1)
- Antibiotic (1)
- Antibiotic resistance (1)
- Antibody purification (1)
- Antifouling (1)
- Antimicrobial Resistance (1)
- Antimicrobial materials (1)
- Antimicrobial resistances (1)
- Antimicrobial test (1)
- Antimicrobial testing (1)
- Antimony black (stibnite) (1)
- Antiseptic agents (1)
- Aquatic fungi (1)
- Aqueous synthesis (1)
- Arabic recipes (1)
- Arbuscular mycorrhiza (1)
- Archaeological provenance (1)
- Archaeometric studies (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis AAAA (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis aaaa (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Ascomycetes (1)
- Ascosphaera apis (1)
- Ashdec (1)
- Aspergillus (1)
- Aspergillus flavus (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Atomic force microscopy (1)
- Autoclave tests (1)
- Automated analysis (1)
- BESSY (1)
- BFR (1)
- BODIPY (1)
- BODIPY dye (1)
- BSA (1)
- BTEX (1)
- Bacillus subtilis (1)
- Bacteria repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacteria-repellent surfaces (1)
- Bacterial cell cycle (1)
- Bacterial growth (1)
- Bacterial infection (1)
- Bacterial second messenger (1)
- Baltic Sea (1)
- Bankia sp (1)
- Basidiomycetes (1)
- Basin (1)
- Batch tests (1)
- Bathyarchaeia (1)
- Bauxite residue (1)
- Bawit (1)
- Bee diseases (1)
- Bee health (1)
- Bees (1)
- Behavioural mechanisms (1)
- Beneficial microbes (1)
- Beschichtung (1)
- Beständigkeit (1)
- Bio-based insulation (1)
- Bio-receptive (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Bioceramics (1)
- Biocides in the environment (1)
- Bioconjugation (1)
- Biodegradation (1)
- Biodeterioration and biodegradation (1)
- Biofilm quantification (1)
- Bioilm (1)
- Bioinformatics virology viruses software (1)
- Biokorrosion (1)
- Biological Control (1)
- Biological control (1)
- Biologically induced mineral weathering (1)
- Biomimetic (1)
- Bioseparation (1)
- Biosphere (1)
- Biosphere-technosphere interaction (1)
- Biotests (1)
- Biotic environment (1)
- Biphasic growth (1)
- Black Ink (1)
- Black microcolonial fungi (1)
- Black writing ink (1)
- Blast-furnace sludge (1)
- Blue Angel ecolabel (1)
- Bodenbelag (1)
- Book production (1)
- Botrytis (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (1)
- Building Material (1)
- Building material (1)
- Building materials (1)
- Building product (1)
- Building products (1)
- Built environment (1)
- Bushveld Complex (1)
- Byzantine manuscript (1)
- C-di-GMP (1)
- CCQM (1)
- CEC-L-103 (1)
- CFRP (1)
- CHC (1)
- CIC (1)
- COST Action (1)
- COST action CA15114 AMICI (1)
- COVID (1)
- CPC calibration (1)
- CRISPR dCas9 (1)
- CRM (1)
- CaNaPO4 (1)
- Calcareous deposits (1)
- Calcium carbonate (1)
- Calibration (1)
- Calibration transfer (1)
- Carbon Fibre (1)
- Carolingian (1)
- Carotenoids (1)
- Carrier (1)
- Cascade impector (1)
- Cast iron (1)
- Cathodic protection (1)
- Cell appendages (1)
- Cell studies (1)
- Cell-envelope (1)
- Cellulose ether (1)
- Cellulose synthase (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Chamber measurement (1)
- Chamber-test (1)
- Characterisation (1)
- Characterization (1)
- Chemical composition (1)
- Chemical ecology (1)
- Chemical extraction (1)
- Chemical extraction methods (1)
- Chemical recycling (1)
- Chemicals (1)
- Chicken manure (1)
- Chicken manure ash (1)
- Chilean Coastal Cordillera (1)
- Chinese Paper (1)
- Chlorination (1)
- Chlorine (1)
- Chromitites (1)
- Clean steel (1)
- Cleridae (1)
- Climate gradient (1)
- Climate responsive materials (1)
- Cloning vectors (1)
- Close proximity to colonies (1)
- Co-combustion (1)
- Cobalt (1)
- Cockroaches (1)
- Codex (1)
- Codex Miscellaneus (1)
- Codicology (1)
- Cognitive performance (1)
- Coleoptera (1)
- Colorants (1)
- Colored glasses (1)
- Colouring (1)
- Combustion and gasification (1)
- Community composition (1)
- Community-level interactions (1)
- Comparison (1)
- Concept (1)
- Conditioning layer (1)
- Confocal microscopy (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Conjugate (1)
- Conjugation (1)
- Constantinomyces (1)
- Construction Products (1)
- Construction and demolition waste (1)
- Construction materials (1)
- Construction product (1)
- Construction products regulation (CPR) (1)
- Consumer article (1)
- Consumer articles (1)
- Contaminant transfer (1)
- Contraction (1)
- Control (1)
- Controllable gene expression (1)
- Controlled atmosphere (1)
- Controlled release fertilisers (1)
- Copper (1)
- Copper-based wood preservatives (1)
- Coptic manuscripts (1)
- Coptic papyri (1)
- Coptic studies (1)
- Coptotermes (1)
- Core microbiome (1)
- Core/shell nanoparticle (1)
- Corona (1)
- Corrosion product (1)
- Corundum (1)
- Cribellate spiders (1)
- Crispr-Cas9 (1)
- Crispr/Cas9 (1)
- Critical raw materials (1)
- Cross-feeding (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Cryo XPS (1)
- Cryptoendolithic black fungus (1)
- Cryptoendolithism (1)
- Crystalline phase identification (1)
- CuNPs (1)
- Cubical shape (1)
- Cultural Entomology (1)
- Cultural Heritage (1)
- Culuative energy demand (1)
- Cupriavidus campinensis (1)
- Cuticular hydrocarbons (1)
- Cyanobacteria (1)
- DNA barcode (1)
- DNA polymerase (1)
- DSLT (1)
- DSM 5009 (1)
- Damage repair (1)
- De novo assembly (1)
- Decomposition point (1)
- Degradable polymer (1)
- Dendrimer (1)
- Denitrification (1)
- Deponiebau (1)
- Desert ecology (1)
- Desiccation (1)
- Deterioration (1)
- Developing building materials (1)
- Development (1)
- Dielectric heating (1)
- Dietary adaptation (1)
- Differential expression (1)
- Differential gene expression analysis (1)
- Diffractive gratings (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) (1)
- Digitalisation (1)
- Direct laser writing (1)
- Direct material input (1)
- Disinfection Fuel (1)
- Dispay case (1)
- Dispersion of carbon pigments (1)
- Display case (1)
- Disposal (1)
- Diversity (1)
- Dothideomycetes (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- Draft Genome (1)
- Drawing (1)
- Driving rain (1)
- Drywood termite (1)
- DsRNA (1)
- Durability (1)
- Dye (1)
- Dyes and pigments (1)
- Dynamic calibration gas mixtures (1)
- Dynamic surface leaching test (1)
- E$volution (1)
- EAF slags (1)
- EDX Analysis (1)
- EN 717-3 (1)
- EOF (1)
- EOF/AOF (1)
- EU EMPIR (1)
- EU regulations (1)
- Early european inks (1)
- Earthen building materials (1)
- Eco-efficiency analysis (1)
- Ecology (1)
- Ecotoxicity testing (1)
- Ecotoxicity tests (1)
- Ecotoxicological tests (1)
- Ecotoxixity (1)
- Edible insects (1)
- Effective uptake rate (1)
- Efficacy (1)
- Efflux (1)
- Egypt (1)
- Electric arc furnace (EAF) slags (1)
- Electric arc furnace slags (1)
- Electrochemical remediation (1)
- Electronic (1)
- Electronic Lab Notebook (ELN) (1)
- Element analysis (1)
- Element mass concetration (1)
- Elemental aerosol analysis (1)
- Elemental composition (1)
- Eluates (1)
- Emerging Contaminants (1)
- Emission Test Chamber (1)
- Emission Testing (1)
- Emission chamber testing (1)
- Emission chambers (1)
- Emission test chamber procedure (1)
- Emission test method (1)
- Emissions of hazardous gases (1)
- Emisson testing (1)
- Enamel colors (1)
- Enamels (1)
- Entomopathogenic Fungus (1)
- Entropy (1)
- Environmental Chemistry (1)
- Environmental Engineering (1)
- Environmental assessment (1)
- Environmental conditions (1)
- Environmental friendly (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Environmental simulations (1)
- Epidemal layer (1)
- Erfurt (1)
- Essential oils (1)
- European research area (1)
- Eurotiomycetes (1)
- Exergy (1)
- Exocrine gland (1)
- Expansion (1)
- Experimental evolution (1)
- Exposure (1)
- Exposure risk (1)
- External (1)
- Extracellular enzymes (1)
- Extracellular pH (1)
- Extractable organic fluorine (1)
- Extraction (1)
- Extreme environments (1)
- Extremophile (1)
- Extremophiles (1)
- Extremophilic fungi (1)
- F pili (1)
- FAT class concept (1)
- FFF-3D printer (1)
- FFF-3D printing (1)
- FFF-filament (1)
- FFF-printing (1)
- FT-Raman (1)
- FTIR (1)
- FTIR spectroscopy (1)
- FactSage calculations (1)
- FactSageTM calculations (1)
- Fakes (1)
- Family archives (1)
- Faraday cup aerosol electrometer (1)
- Fatigue (1)
- Façade (1)
- Feeding behaviour (1)
- Femtosecond laser processing (1)
- Fenton-like reaction (1)
- Fiber (1)
- Fibre (1)
- Fibre analysis (1)
- Filament comparison (1)
- Fire-retardant paint (1)
- Flask method (1)
- Flexible shadow masks (1)
- Flow chamber system (1)
- Flow-System (1)
- Flow-system (1)
- Fluor XANES (1)
- Fluorescence spectroscopy (1)
- Fluorescent microscopy (1)
- Fluorescent proteins (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorides (1)
- Fluorolytic sol-gel synthesis (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Fluorometric sensing (1)
- Food (1)
- Food fermentation (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Force distance curve (1)
- Forest fires (1)
- Forest soils (1)
- Forgery (1)
- Formation enthalpy (1)
- Foward genetics (1)
- Fractal structure (1)
- Fractional factorial (1)
- Fragmented manuscripts (1)
- Fuel sorption (1)
- Functionalized graphene (1)
- Fungal decay (1)
- Fungal stress mechanisms and responses (1)
- Fungicidal property (1)
- Fungiculture (1)
- Fusarium (1)
- GAeF (1)
- GC-FID (1)
- GC-MS (1)
- GDL (1)
- GNBP-2 (1)
- Gas analysis (1)
- Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- Gas sensing (1)
- Gas storage (1)
- Gene expression (1)
- Gene network (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Environmental Science (1)
- General Materials Science (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- Genetic engineering (1)
- Genetic tools (1)
- Genome (1)
- Genome editing (1)
- Geobiology (1)
- Geological formation (1)
- Geology (1)
- Geomembranes (1)
- Geruchsmessung (1)
- Giulio Romano (1)
- Glass paints (1)
- Global radiation (1)
- Gold (1)
- Gothic incursions (1)
- Granulat (1)
- Graphene (1)
- Graphene–bacteria interaction (1)
- Gray mold fungus (1)
- Green facades (1)
- Green pesticide (1)
- Greenhouse gas accounting (1)
- Greenhouse gas balance (1)
- Greenhouse gas mitigation (1)
- Grouts (1)
- Growth-rate homeostasis (1)
- Gut symbionts (1)
- Gypsum fiberboards and synthetic gypsum (1)
- Gypsum plasterboards (1)
- Gypsum waste (1)
- HI-Tension (1)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (1)
- Halogenation (1)
- Halophilic (1)
- Halophilic bacteria (1)
- Hazardous waste (1)
- Haze Samples (1)
- Hazenite (1)
- Headspace GC-MS (1)
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis (1)
- Healthcare (1)
- Heat capacity (1)
- Heat maps (1)
- Heavy metal free (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Hebrew studies (1)
- Hellenistic (1)
- Herbaspirillum seropedicae (1)
- Herculaneum papyri (1)
- Hermopolis (1)
- Herteogeneous phenotypes (1)
- Heterologous expression (1)
- High density polyethylene (1)
- High salinity (1)
- Historic buildings (1)
- Historic ink (1)
- History of Art (1)
- Holy Family (1)
- Holzschutzmittel (1)
- Honey bee (1)
- Honeybee (1)
- Hospital premises (1)
- Host and symbiont ecology (1)
- Host immunity (1)
- Household waste (1)
- Human plasma (1)
- Hydration products (1)
- Hydraulic engineering (1)
- Hydrogen permeation (1)
- Hydrogen storage (1)
- Hydrogenasen (1)
- Hydrophobic interaction (1)
- Hygienic behavior (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus (1)
- Hylotrupes bajulus, Anobium punctatum, natural durability, tropical wood, native wood. (1)
- Hyperarid (1)
- Hyperbranched polymer (1)
- Hypermutation (1)
- Hypopharynx (1)
- IAQ (1)
- ICP-OES (1)
- IEQ (1)
- IPM in museums (1)
- IR spectroscopy (1)
- ISO 22196 (1)
- ISO REMCO (1)
- ISO/TC 229 Nanotechnologies (1)
- ISO22196 (1)
- ITS region (1)
- Idiopathic environmental intolerance (1)
- Igg (1)
- Illness-induced anorexia (1)
- Illuminated manuscripts (1)
- Immune gene prediction (1)
- ImmunoDB (1)
- Immunoglobulins (1)
- Immunoprecipitation (1)
- Implants (1)
- In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction (1)
- In-situ Process Monitoring (1)
- In-vivo mutagenesis (1)
- Incubated soil/fertilizer mixtures (1)
- Indirect photolysis (1)
- Indoor Air Quality (1)
- Indoor Air: Adsorbent performance (1)
- Indoor Products (1)
- Indoor air (1)
- Indoor emission (1)
- Indoor mycobiome (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Industrial applications (1)
- Industrial mycology (1)
- Infecting a number of insects, (1)
- Infections (1)
- Infrared thermography (1)
- Initial attachment (1)
- Ink corrosion (1)
- Ink fingerprint (1)
- Ink terminology (1)
- Insect evolution (1)
- Insecticide (1)
- Instrumentation (1)
- Integrated Museum Pest Management (IMPM) (1)
- Inter-comparison (1)
- Inter-lab comparison (1)
- Inter-laboratory test (1)
- Intercomparison (1)
- Interdisciplinarity (1)
- Internal pores (1)
- Intraparticle diffusion (1)
- Intumescent coating (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ionic liquid (1)
- Ionizing radiation (1)
- Iron gall ink (1)
- Iron making (1)
- Iron oxide (1)
- Iron scrap (1)
- Isotopes (1)
- Issues (1)
- Jewish cultures (1)
- Jig (1)
- Joint grouts (1)
- Knock-out mutant (1)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (1)
- LC-MS/MS (1)
- LCA (1)
- LCC (1)
- LIBS (1)
- Laboratory breeding (1)
- Labrum (1)
- Laccase (1)
- Lake Cadagno (1)
- Landfill (1)
- Landfill lining (1)
- Laser Printer (1)
- Laser printer emission (1)
- Laser structuring (1)
- Laser-induced nanostructures (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structueres (LIPPS) (1)
- Laser-modified surface (1)
- Layer-by-Layer (1)
- Lead (1)
- Lead books (1)
- Leonardo da Vinci (1)
- Lfe cycle assessment (1)
- Library pests (1)
- Lifetime (1)
- Light regulation (1)
- Light sensing (1)
- Light-induced stress (1)
- Lightning talk (1)
- Lightweighting (1)
- Lignocellulose (1)
- Limit values (1)
- Limitations (1)
- Limnoria spp (1)
- Linker (1)
- Low alloy steel (1)
- Low cost aerosol PM sensor (1)
- Low melting glasses (1)
- Low-molecular-weight organic substances (1)
- Low-tech approach (1)
- Luftgüte (1)
- Lysimeter, Antimony (1)
- MDG ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- MIC Island (1)
- MIC projekt (1)
- MSWI Bottom Ash (1)
- MSWI fly ash (1)
- Major transition (1)
- Manuscript making (1)
- Map production and publishing (1)
- Maps and colours (1)
- Marek's Disease Virus (1)
- Marek's virus (1)
- Marine borers (1)
- Market surveillance (1)
- Mask fabrication (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Mass spectroscopy (1)
- Material Analysis (1)
- Material analysis (1)
- Material degradation (1)
- Material emissions testing (1)
- Material recycling (1)
- Material surface colonisation (1)
- Materials (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Materials emissions testing (1)
- Materials flow (1)
- Mathematical analysis (1)
- Mathematical modelling (1)
- Mechanische Stabilität (1)
- Mechanisms of pathogenesis (1)
- Mechanosensitive channel (1)
- Medical mycology (1)
- Medieval glasses (1)
- Medieval-stained glass (1)
- Melanin Adhesion (1)
- Melanins (1)
- Melting point (1)
- Melting temperature (1)
- Metabolic engineering (1)
- Metabolic flux analysis (1)
- Metabolic modeling (1)
- Metadata (1)
- Metal organic frameworks (1)
- Metal recovery (1)
- Metal reducing bacteria (1)
- Metallic silver precipitates (1)
- Metalls (1)
- Metals (1)
- Metals and Alloys (1)
- Metarhizium (1)
- Metarhizium robertsii DSM 1490 (1)
- Methane (1)
- Methanogenesis (1)
- Methods of scientific analysis (1)
- Microbe (1)
- Microbial abundance (1)
- Microbial adhesions (1)
- Microbial communities (1)
- Microbial community modelling (1)
- Microbial simulation, (1)
- Microbial survival mechanisms (1)
- Microbially Induced Corrosion (1)
- Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) (1)
- Microbiologically Influrenced Corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microchamber (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Micromonospora aurantiaca (1)
- Microorganisms (1)
- Microwaves (1)
- Migration (1)
- Mikrobiell (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Millipedes (1)
- Mineral (1)
- Mineral weathering (1)
- Mining (1)
- Mircobially influcenced corrosion (1)
- Mixed Inks (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- Mobile anodisation (1)
- Mobile application (1)
- Model aerosols (1)
- Model organism (1)
- Modeling (1)
- Modern painting (1)
- Modified mycotoxins (1)
- Moisture (1)
- Moisture performance (1)
- Molecular (1)
- Molecular Organic Frameworks (1)
- Molecular clock (1)
- Molecular identification (1)
- Molybdenum (1)
- Monoterpene (1)
- Moriscos (1)
- MscS (1)
- Mud volcanoe fluids (1)
- Multi-resistant bacteria (1)
- Multi-scale study (1)
- Multicellularity (1)
- Multidisciplinary (1)
- Multilocus phylogeny (1)
- Multiple Displacement Amplification (1)
- Multiple chemical sensitivity (1)
- Multiple lines of evidence (1)
- Multiport (1)
- Municipal sewage sludge (1)
- Municipal solid waste (1)
- Museum insect pest (1)
- Museum pests (1)
- Mussel-inspired coating (1)
- Mussel-inspired materials (1)
- Mutagenesis (1)
- MySpot (1)
- Mycotoxin (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- Müllverbrennung (1)
- N and K analog tracer (1)
- NDT (1)
- NFDI (1)
- NGS (1)
- NIR imaging (1)
- NIR reflectography (1)
- Nano CRM (1)
- Nano Particles (1)
- Nano characterization (1)
- Nano metal fluorides (1)
- Nano-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Nano-materials (1)
- Nano@BAM (1)
- Nanobiocide (1)
- Nanocarrier (1)
- Nanocoating (1)
- Nanoplattform (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanorods (1)
- Nanosensor (1)
- Natural abundance of 15N (1)
- Natural durability (1)
- Natural ecosystems (1)
- Natural products discovery (1)
- Near ambient pressure XPS (1)
- Near ambient x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (1)
- Near-infrared refectography (1)
- New exocrine organ (1)
- Next generation sequencing (1)
- Nickel (1)
- Niobium (1)
- Nitrate (1)
- Nitrogen fixation (1)
- Nitrogen uptake (1)
- Nitrososphaerales (1)
- Nitrous oxide (1)
- Non-destructive Materials (1)
- Non-destructive test (1)
- Non-ferrous metals (1)
- Non-invasive (1)
- Non-invasive scientific methods (1)
- Non-vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Nonspecific binding (NSB) (1)
- Nonvolatile (1)
- Nostoc (1)
- Nostoc punctiforme (1)
- Novel sample preparation techniques (1)
- Nuclear waste disposal (1)
- Nutrient acquisition (1)
- Nutrient cycles (1)
- Nutrient uplift and recyclin (1)
- Nährstoffe (1)
- OIT (1)
- Oddy test (1)
- Office machines (1)
- Oil (1)
- Oil and gas industry (1)
- Oil and gas reservoir (1)
- Oilfield (1)
- On-line analysis (1)
- One-step ionic liquids synthesis (1)
- Open data (1)
- Operating Procedure (1)
- Optical and Magnetic Materials (1)
- Optical properties (1)
- Ordinance on Contaminated Sites and Soil Protection (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Organic phosphorus breakdown (1)
- Organo fluorine analysis (1)
- Osmophobic effect (1)
- Osmotic shock (1)
- Osteogenesis (1)
- Oxide melts (1)
- P sink method (1)
- P speciation (1)
- P-efficiency (1)
- P-recovery (1)
- P. Fluorescens (1)
- PAH (1)
- PAK (1)
- PE-HD (1)
- PFAS analysis (1)
- PFAS analytics (1)
- PM (1)
- PM monitors (1)
- PP (1)
- PS (1)
- PV modules (1)
- Painting (1)
- Paints (1)
- Palaeography (1)
- Palimpsest (1)
- Paper (1)
- Paper sizings (1)
- Paper tinting (1)
- Particle (1)
- Particle Size (1)
- Particle emission (1)
- Particle synthesis (1)
- Particulate emissions (1)
- Partikel (1)
- Partikeln (1)
- Parylene C (1)
- Pathogen spillover (1)
- Pathogen transmission (1)
- Pathogen virulence (1)
- Pentimenti (1)
- Peptide-derived components (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkly substances (PFASs) (1)
- Perfluorierte Verbindungen (1)
- Perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) (1)
- Performance (1)
- Performance comparison (1)
- Periodate oxidation (1)
- Permeability (1)
- Persian historical recipes (1)
- Persian manuscript (1)
- Pest control (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Phase formation (1)
- Phase separation (1)
- Phase transformation (1)
- Phenotypic heterogeneity (1)
- Phenotypic variation (1)
- Phoshpor availability (1)
- Phosphate dynamics (1)
- Phosphate extractability and availability (1)
- Phosphonic acids (1)
- Phosphorous recovery (1)
- Phosphorus K-edge-XANES spectroscopy (1)
- Phosphorus availability (1)
- Phosphorus elimination (1)
- Phosphorus plant-availability (1)
- Phosphorus recycling (1)
- Phosphous recovery (1)
- Photocatalytic surfaces (1)
- Photodynamic therapy (1)
- Photometric P determination (1)
- Photonics (1)
- Photoperception (1)
- Photoreceptors (1)
- Phototrophic bacteria (1)
- Phototrophs (1)
- Phyllosphere (1)
- Physical and optical characteristics (1)
- Pilot comparison (1)
- Plant Experiment (1)
- Plant availability (1)
- Plant economic spectrum (1)
- Plant growth test (1)
- Plant-availability (1)
- Plasma (1)
- Plastic biofilm (1)
- Plastic degradation (1)
- Plastic pollution (1)
- Plastic waste (1)
- Platinum (1)
- Poficiency test (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polydopamine (1)
- Polyelektrolyt (1)
- Polyethylene terephthalate (1)
- Polyfluorinated alcohol (PFOH) (1)
- Polyioinic liquid (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer Matrix Composites (1)
- Polymer foils (1)
- Polymer-based products (1)
- Polymerase mutant (1)
- Polypropylene (1)
- Polystyrene (1)
- Polyurethanes (1)
- Porosity (1)
- Portrayal of St Joseph (1)
- Poster presentation (1)
- Pot experiment (1)
- Pot experiments (1)
- Potential toxic elements (1)
- Preferential binding (1)
- Preferential exclusion (1)
- Preservation (1)
- Probiotic-based vaccines (1)
- Probiotics (1)
- Process Metallurgy (1)
- Process control (1)
- Process development (1)
- Process monitoring (1)
- Process upscaling (1)
- Proficiency Test (1)
- Proficiency testing (1)
- Proofreading deficient (1)
- Prospective risk assessment (1)
- Protective glazing (1)
- Protein (1)
- Protein a (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein immobilization (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Proteome (1)
- Proteomics (1)
- Pseudomonas (1)
- Pseudomonas fluorescens (1)
- Pseudomonas veronii (1)
- Ptinidae (1)
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health (1)
- Push-out Test (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- QA/QC (1)
- Quality assurance/quality control (1)
- Quantum dot (1)
- Quasispecies (1)
- REACH (1)
- RNA extraction (1)
- RNA interference (1)
- RNA-Seq (1)
- RNA-Sequencing (1)
- RNAi (1)
- Radio waves (1)
- Radiocarbon (1)
- Radon (1)
- Radon exhalation (1)
- Raphael school (1)
- Reactor conditions (1)
- Real-time qPCR (1)
- Recipes (1)
- Recovery potential (1)
- Recovery rate (1)
- Recycled gypsum (1)
- Recycled sources (1)
- Red chalk (1)
- Red mud (1)
- Reduction (1)
- Reductive decomposition (1)
- Reductive defluorination (1)
- Reductive iron assimilation (1)
- Reference data (1)
- Reference nanoparticles (1)
- Reference organisms (1)
- Reference procedures (1)
- Reference samples (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Release kinetics (1)
- Research Data Infrastructure (1)
- Research Data Management (1)
- Resistance model (1)
- Resource Recovery (1)
- Resources (1)
- Reverse painting on glass (1)
- Reverse paintings on glass (1)
- Reworking (1)
- Rhenanite (1)
- Rhizopus (1)
- Rhizopus and Aspergillus oryzae (1)
- Rhizosphere (1)
- Rhizosphere effect (1)
- Rhizosphere processes (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Rice (1)
- Road construction waste (1)
- Robustness validation (1)
- Rock biofilm (1)
- Rock leaching (1)
- Rock-inhabiting black fungi (1)
- Rock-inhabiting fungi (1)
- Root economics space (1)
- Rostral gland (1)
- Rround robin test (1)
- Ruthenium (1)
- SARS (1)
- SAXS (1)
- SCALE (1)
- SDS-PAGE (1)
- SEM (1)
- SEM micrography (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- SEM-EDS (1)
- SERS (1)
- SIMS (1)
- SOP (1)
- SPE extraction (1)
- SRB (1)
- SVOC (1)
- Safety (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Sanierung (1)
- Sc recovery (1)
- Scanning micro-X-ray fluorescence (1)
- Scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscopy (s-SNOM) (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Scribal corrections (1)
- Scythica Vindobonensia, (1)
- Secondary P-fertilizer (1)
- Secondary Recources (1)
- Secondary metabolism (1)
- Secondary metabolites (1)
- Secondary raw materials (1)
- Secondary resources (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Selection (1)
- Selective Chlorination (1)
- Selective quantification (1)
- Self-assembled monolayer (1)
- Self-assembled monolayer (SAM) (1)
- Self-assembled monolayers (SAM) (1)
- Semivolatile organic compounds (1)
- Sensors (1)
- Separate collection (1)
- Sequence annotation (1)
- Sequential extraction (1)
- Sets of archaeometric data (1)
- Sewage Sludge (1)
- Sewage Sludge Ashes (1)
- Sewage extraction (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (SSA) (1)
- Sewage sludge disposal (1)
- Sewage sludge incineration (1)
- Short crack propagation (1)
- Siderophore (1)
- Signal transduction (1)
- Silica and polystyrene nanoparticles (1)
- Silicate (1)
- Silicon carbide (1)
- Silver (1)
- Silver diffusion (1)
- Simulation (1)
- Simulation of materials degradation (1)
- Single cell microbiology (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Sixteenth-century painting technique (1)
- Size exclusion chromatography (1)
- Sizing (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Smartphone (1)
- Social Immunity (1)
- Social insect (1)
- Social insects (1)
- Sociality (1)
- Software (1)
- Soil contact (1)
- Soil extraction (1)
- Soil incubation study (1)
- Soil-feeding habit (1)
- Soil-like materials (1)
- Soils (1)
- Solar panels (1)
- Solar parks (1)
- Soldier (1)
- Solid phase (1)
- Solid phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solid-liquid extraction (1)
- Solid-phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solitary bees (1)
- Solute excretion (1)
- Solvents (1)
- Solvolysis (1)
- Spectral imaging (1)
- Stained glass windows (1)
- Stained glasses (1)
- Stainless steel (1)
- Stakeholder (1)
- Standardized test and quantification procedure (1)
- Steelmaking residues (1)
- Stoichiometric homeostasis (1)
- Stone cultural heritage (1)
- Stop/flow experiments model (1)
- Strategy and Management (1)
- Stress conditions (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Sub-4nm particles (1)
- Subjective complaints (1)
- Subsocial (1)
- Subsoil nutrient tracing (1)
- Sugar cane bagasse (1)
- Sugarcane bagasse (1)
- Sum parameter (1)
- Sum parameter analyis (1)
- Sum parameter analysis (1)
- Superhydrophilic surface (1)
- Superhydrophobic surface (1)
- Suppression (1)
- Surface chemistry (1)
- Surface functionalization (1)
- Surface interactions (1)
- Surface water (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Surfacewaters (1)
- Survival rates (1)
- Synchotron (1)
- Synchrotron radiation (1)
- Synchrotron-XPS (1)
- Synergy (1)
- Synthesis (1)
- Synthetic metabolism (1)
- Systematics (1)
- TED-GC/MS (1)
- TEM (1)
- TXRF ambient air aerosol chemical analysis aerosol element composition (1)
- Tanning (1)
- Tannins (1)
- Targeted and nontargeted (1)
- Targeting, Nanoparticles (1)
- Taxonomy (1)
- Temperate rain forest (1)
- Temple Scroll (1)
- Tems (1)
- Terbutryn (1)
- Teredo sp (1)
- Termite control (1)
- Termite-associated microbes (1)
- Termitoidae (1)
- Test method (1)
- Test strip (1)
- Teststreifen (1)
- Text analysis (1)
- Thermal Desorption (1)
- Thermal Extraction (1)
- Thermal analysis (1)
- Thermal degradation (1)
- Thermal imaging (1)
- Thermal properties (1)
- Thermo-desorption (1)
- Thermocouple (1)
- Thermodynamic (1)
- Thermoplastic filaments (1)
- Thioimidazolium (1)
- Tinting (1)
- ToF SIMS (1)
- ToF-SIMS (1)
- Tomography (1)
- Torah (1)
- Torah Scrolls (1)
- Torah scrolls (1)
- Touch surfaces (1)
- Trait-based ecology (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Transport modeling (1)
- Transposon (1)
- Tripartite interactions (1)
- Typology of Inks (1)
- Tyrosine (1)
- UV absorption (1)
- UV protection (1)
- UV tolerance (1)
- UV-VIS Reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- UV-VIS reflectance spectroscopy (1)
- Ultrashort PFAS (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- Ultrastructure (1)
- Umweltmessung (1)
- Up-cycling (1)
- Uptake rate (1)
- Uranium (1)
- Uranium mining (1)
- Urban mining (1)
- Ureolytic bacteria (1)
- Utilisation (1)
- Utilization (1)
- VAMAS (1)
- VIS (1)
- VOC Emission (1)
- VOC Emissionen (1)
- VOC emission (1)
- VOC transfer standards (1)
- VOC-Emission (1)
- Validation trial (1)
- Vasari (1)
- Velocimetry (1)
- Vienna manuscript (1)
- Viruses (1)
- Vitriolic iron-gall inks (1)
- Volatile organic compound (1)
- Volatile organic compounds (VOC) (1)
- Vues des Cordillères (1)
- WKI flask method (1)
- Waste incineration (1)
- Waste water (1)
- Waste water treatment (1)
- Water (1)
- Water atmosphere (1)
- Water contact (1)
- Water stable isotope analysis (1)
- Water uptake (1)
- Weathering tests (1)
- Weld fatigue (1)
- Weld toe geometry (1)
- Wet-mechanical treatment (1)
- White-rot fungi (1)
- Wood Modification (1)
- Wood ash (1)
- Wood samples (1)
- Writing Ink (1)
- Writing materials (1)
- X-Ray analysis (1)
- X-Ray fluorescence (1)
- X-ray based techniques (1)
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) (1)
- X-ray fuorescence (1)
- X-ray spectroscopic techniques (1)
- X-ray spectroscopy (1)
- X-ray tomographic (1)
- X-rays (1)
- XRF Analysis (1)
- XRF imaging (1)
- XRF ink analysis (1)
- XRF-, VIS- FTIR-spectroscopy (1)
- Xestobium rufovillosum (1)
- Yeast (1)
- ZIF (1)
- ZIF-8 (1)
- Zearalenone (1)
- Zearalenone sulfate (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- Zeolithe (1)
- Zinc chloride (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- a-zearalenol (1)
- biocide tolerance (1)
- black fungi (1)
- black fungus (1)
- carotenoids (1)
- disinfection (1)
- dsDAN monolayer (1)
- evolution (1)
- fertilizer (1)
- fs-laser processing (1)
- fungus (1)
- genomics (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
- historic inks (1)
- iChip (1)
- individual-based modelling (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- ink (1)
- mRNA-seq (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- multi scale testing (1)
- natural ventilation (1)
- openBIS (1)
- pH (1)
- pH probe (1)
- pH sensor (1)
- pHe (1)
- papyrus (1)
- pigmentation (1)
- qPCR (1)
- soil (1)
- underexplored phyla (1)
- x-ray diffraction (1)
- ‘Green’ pesticide (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (812) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (19)
Biocides used as disinfectants are important to prevent the transmission of pathogens, especially during the current antibiotic resistance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by phenotypically tolerant persister subpopulations that can survive transient antibiotic Treatment and facilitate resistance evolution. Here, we show that E. coli displays persistence against a widely used disinfectant, benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Periodic, persister-mediated failure of disinfection rapidly selects for BAC tolerance, which is associated with reduced cell Surface charge and mutations in the lpxM locus, encoding an enzyme for lipid A biosynthesis.
Moreover, the fitness cost incurred by BAC tolerance turns into a fitness benefit in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting a selective advantage of BAC-tolerant mutants in antibiotic environments. Our findings highlight the links between persistence to disinfectants and resistance evolution to antimicrobials.
The exposure to antimicrobial substances drives the evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Biocides are antimicrobials used as disinfectants, antiseptics and preservatives. They find application on a large scale in the industrial and medical sector, but also in private households. In terms of mass, the worldwide use of biocides exceeds that of antibiotics. Thus, despite their important role in preventing the spread of pathogens, due to their ubiquity, biocides are suspected to be drivers of the antimicrobial resistance crisis. In our work we try to understand how biocides contribute to the emergence of AMR, what the underlying adaptation principles and mechanisms are and how they compare to those found for antibiotics.
Here, I present results which demonstrate that phenotypic heterogeneity in E. coli, namely the formation of tolerant persister cells, can enable the survival of disinfection and consequentially facilitate the evolution of AMR. Using experimental evolution that selects for tolerance, we find that mutations in lipid A biosynthesis arise following periodic treatment with benzalkonium chloride (BAC), a widely used disinfectant. BAC tolerance is associated with additional, diverse mutations as well as changes in the susceptibility to antibiotics from different classes and changes in motility and biofilm formation, suggesting extensive regulatory re-wiring in the evolved clones. Remarkably, we find that fitness costs (growth rate reduction) incurred by BAC tolerance are alleviated in the presence of antibiotics. These findings demonstrate the complexity underlying the adaptation to antimicrobials and highlight the links between persistence to disinfectants and resistance evolution to antimicrobials.
Biocides used as disinfectants are important to prevent the transmission of pathogens, especially during the current antibiotic resistance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by phenotypically tolerant persister subpopulations which can survive transient antibiotic treatment and facilitate resistance evolution. Despite the transient nature of disinfection, knowledge concerning persistence to disinfectants and its link to resistance evolution is currently lacking. Here, we show that E. coli displays persistence against a widely used disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Periodic, persister-mediated failure of disinfection rapidly selects for BAC tolerance. BAC tolerance is associated with reduced cell surface charge and mutations in the novel tolerance locus lpxM. Moreover, the fitness cost incurred by BAC tolerance turned into a fitness benefit in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting a selective advantage of BAC-tolerant mutants in antibiotic environments. Our findings provide a mechanistic underpinning for the faithful application of disinfectants to prevent multi-drug-resistance evolution and to steward the efficacy of biocides and antibiotics.
Biocides used as disinfectants are important to prevent the transmission of pathogens, especially during the current antibiotic resistance crisis. This crisis is exacerbated by phenotypically tolerant persister subpopulations which can survive transient antibiotic treatment and facilitate resistance evolution. Despite the transient nature of disinfection, knowledge concerning persistence to disinfectants and its link to resistance evolution is currently lacking. Here, we show that E. coli displays persistence against a widely used disinfectant benzalkonium chloride (BAC). Periodic, persister-mediated failure of disinfection rapidly selects for BAC tolerance. BAC tolerance is associated with reduced cell surface charge and mutations in the novel tolerance locus lpxM. Moreover, the fitness cost incurred by BAC tolerance turned into a fitness benefit in the presence of antibiotics, suggesting a selective advantage of BAC-tolerant mutants in antibiotic environments. Our findings provide a mechanistic underpinning for the faithful application of disinfectants to prevent multi-drug-resistance evolution and to steward the efficacy of biocides and antibiotics.
Question:
One cornerstone to prevent the spread of bacteria in clinical and industrial settings is the application of biocides including disinfectants and preservatives. However, bacteria can evolve resistance to biocides, which in turn can confer cross-resistance to antibiotics. Additionally, clonal bacterial populations can display phenotypic heterogeneity with respect to the tolerance of antibiotic stress leading to a prolonged survival of a sub-population; this phenomenon is termed persistence. Persistence to antibiotics is an evolvable trait and can serve as a stepping stone for the evolution of genetically encoded resistance. Until now, there is a lack of systematic studies that investigate if bacterial populations establish persister subpopulations that tolerate disinfectant stress longer than most of the population. Our objective is to investigate if persistence is a bacterial survival strategy against biocides. Furthermore, we investigate the mechanisms of biocide persistence and if persistence can evolve in the face of fluctuating exposure to biocides. Lastly, we test if the evolved mechanisms of biocide tolerance lead to biocide resistance and if they confer cross-tolerance and cross-resistance against antibiotics.
Methods:
We use time-kill assays in the presence of biocides and experimental evolution combined to whole-genome sequencing in the model organism E. coli.
Results:
We find persister sub-populations against chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds, but not to alcohols, aldehydes and oxidative compounds. We will present the relationship of mechanisms known to underlie antibiotic persister formation to the formation of persisters against biocides. In addition, we will present data from an ongoing evolution experiment for persistence against biocides.
Conclusion
There is a link between antibiotic and biocide persistence with possible implications for antibiotic resistance evolution and spread.
Background:
One cornerstone to prevent the spread of antibiotic resistant bacteria in clinical settings is the application of disinfectants. However, bacteria can evolve resistance to disinfectants, which in turn can confer cross-resistance to antibiotics. Additionally, clonal bacterial populations can display phenotypic heterogeneity with respect to the tolerance of antibiotic stress leading to a prolonged survival of a sub-population; this phenomenon is termed persistence. Persistence to antibiotics is an evolvable trait and can serve as a stepping stone for the evolution of genetically encoded resistance. Until now, there is a lack of systematic studies that investigate if bacterial populations establish persister subpopulations that tolerate disinfectant stress longer than most of the population.
Objectives:
Our objective is to investigate if persistence is a bacterial survival strategy against disinfectants. Furthermore, we investigate the mechanisms of disinfectant persistence and if persistence can evolve in the face of fluctuating exposure to disinfectants. Lastly, we test if the evolved mechanisms of disinfectant tolerance lead to disinfectant resistance and if they confer cross-tolerance and cross-resistance against antibiotics.
Methods:
We use time-kill assays in the presence of disinfectants and experimental evolution combined to whole-genome sequencing in the model organism E. coli.
Results:
We find persister sub-populations against chlorhexidine and quaternary ammonium compounds, but not to alcohols, aldehydes and oxidative compounds. We will present the relationship of mechanisms known to underlie antibiotic persister formation to the formation of persisters against disinfectants. In addition, we will present data from an ongoing evolution experiment for persistence against disinfectants.
Antimicrobial resistance is a major threat to human health. The prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria is predicted to increase in the future requiring robust control strategies. One cornerstone to prevent the spread of MDR bacteria in clinical settings is the application of disinfectants to improve hygiene standards. However, bacteria can evolve resistance to disinfectants, which in turn can confer cross-resistance to antibiotics. Additionally, clonal bacterial populations can display phenotypic heterogeneity with respect to the tolerance of antibiotic stress leading to a prolonged survival of a sub-population; this phenomenon is termed persistence. Persistence to antibiotics is an evolvable trait and can serve as a stepping stone for the evolution of genetically encoded resistance. Until now, there is a lack of systematic studies that investigate if bacterial populations establish persister subpopulations that tolerate disinfectant stress longer than the majority of the population. Our results in E. coli indicate that persistence is a bacterial survival strategy against benzalkonium chloride, a widely used disinfectant.
In future experiments, we will investigate the evolution of persistence in the face of fluctuating exposure to disinfectants and whether persistence facilitates resistance against disinfectants. Lastly, we will test how tolerance and resistance against disinfectants affects susceptibility against antibiotics.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of more than 10,000 anionic, cationic, zwitterionic or neutral organofluorine surfactants. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. While liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is commonly used technique to characterize targeted PFAS in environmental samples, there are more than 10,000 different PFAS known, which have various headgroups and properties. Therefore, several analytical techniques are available to analyse various groups or pools of PFAS or “all” PFAS as a sum parameter. Current decontamination strategies of PFAS-burdened soils mainly consist of adsorption methods using adsorbents for fixation of PFAS in the ground. A second option is the utilization of a “pump and treat” process, cycling polluted soils through a washing plant leading to the concentration of the pollutants in the fine fraction. Both approaches are cost-intensive and not intended for the direct decomposition of all PFAS contaminants. Hence, there is a great demand for innovative developments and chemical treatment technologies, dealing with new strategies of tackling the PFAS problem. Previously, mechanochemical treatment of polychlorinated organic compounds in soils showed an efficient dechlorination. Thus, we investigated mechanochemical treatment of PFAS contaminated soils with various additives in a ball mill and analyzed the PFAS defluorination with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), respectively, as well es the fluoride mineralization by ion chromatography (IC) and fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are anionic, cationic and zwitterionic synthetic products, in which the hydrogen atoms on the carbon skeleton of at least one carbon atom have been completely replaced by fluorine atoms (see Figure 1) and which include more than 4730 compounds, depending on the definition. As a result of continuous and prolific use, mainly in aviation firefighting foams, thousands of industrial and military installations have been found to contain contaminated soil, groundwater and surface water. Furthermore, because of the continuous contamination through PFAS containing commercial products, effluents and sewage sludge from WWTPs have been shown to be an important source of PFAS discharge into the aquatic environment. In the last few years, legacy PFAS (≥C4) have been found in various environments, including soil, water and wastewater, and their environmental pathways have been partly described. To get a better
overview of the amount of “total PFAS,” sum parameter methods like total oxidizable precursor (TOP) assay and methods based on combustion ion chromatography (CIC) are in development. CIC results in data regarding the sum of absorbable organic fluorine (AOF) or extractable
organic fluorine (EOF), which can also quantify other organically bound fluorine compounds such as fluorinated pesticides and pharmaceutical. Additionally, for research purpose several spectroscopical methods like X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), fluorine K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy, particular induced gamma-ray emission (PIGE) spectroscopy and 19F nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are available. Therefore, an overview is given on various analytical techniques for PFAS in environmental samples and their application possibilities discussed for different kind of PFAS compounds