4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Posterpräsentation (140) (entfernen)
Referierte Publikation
- nein (140)
Schlagworte
- Biocides (19)
- Corrosion (10)
- Antimicrobial resistance (9)
- Biofilm (8)
- Methanogens (7)
- Horizontal gene transfer HGT (6)
- Microbiology (6)
- Persistence (6)
- Resistance evolution (6)
- Archaea (5)
- Bacteria (5)
- Biocide (5)
- MIC (5)
- Resistance (5)
- Biofilms (4)
- Nano (4)
- Raman spectroscopy (4)
- VOC (4)
- XRF (4)
- Aluminium (3)
- Bacterial adhesion (3)
- Biocide tolerance (3)
- DHN melanin (3)
- Disinfection (3)
- E. coli (3)
- Environmental Simulation (3)
- Evolution (3)
- Fertilzer (3)
- Fungus (3)
- Genetics (3)
- Ink (3)
- Knufia petricola (3)
- LIPSS (3)
- Leaching (3)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (3)
- OECD (3)
- PFAS (3)
- Reference material (3)
- Single cell analysis (3)
- Wastewater (3)
- ATR (2)
- Analytical method (2)
- Antibiotic resisitance (2)
- Antibiotics (2)
- Antimicrobials (2)
- Biofilm formation (2)
- Capsules (2)
- Cascade impactor (2)
- Chamber test (2)
- Combustion ion chromatography (2)
- Construction products (2)
- Corrosion products (2)
- Cross-resistance (2)
- Desinfectant (2)
- E.coli (2)
- EN 16516 (2)
- ESEM (2)
- Emission (2)
- FIB/SEM (2)
- Glutaraldehyde (2)
- Halomonas CRISPR Ectoine (2)
- Heterogeneity (2)
- Horizontal gene transfer (2)
- ISO 16000-6 (2)
- Inks (2)
- Iron (2)
- Laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) (2)
- Manuscript (2)
- Material emissions (2)
- Melanin (2)
- Mutation rate (2)
- NAP-XPS (2)
- Non-invasive analysis (2)
- Optics (2)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (2)
- Persister cells (2)
- Phosphorus (2)
- Phosphorus recovery (2)
- Prüfrichtlinie (2)
- Quality assurance (2)
- Raman Spectroscopy (2)
- Reference materials (2)
- Reflectography (2)
- Reverse glass painting (2)
- Risk assesment (2)
- Rock-inhabiting fungus (2)
- Round robin test (2)
- SC-ICP-ToF-MS (2)
- SCALE (2)
- Sc-ICP-ToF-MS (2)
- Scandium (2)
- Tolerance (2)
- VVOCs (2)
- Volatile organic compounds (2)
- XANES spectroscopy (2)
- XPS (2)
- Additive Fertigung (1)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (1)
- Aerosol (1)
- Aerosol element alanysis (1)
- Aerosol element mass concentration (1)
- Affinity chromatography (1)
- Affinity extraction (1)
- Affinity support (1)
- Agronomic performance (1)
- Air exchange rate (1)
- Alginate (1)
- Alite (1)
- Aluminum (1)
- Aluminum oxide (1)
- Amino acid analysis (1)
- Analytical standards (1)
- Analytik (1)
- Anodization (1)
- Antagonism (1)
- Anti-microbial effects (1)
- Antibodies (1)
- Antibody purification (1)
- Antimicrobial (1)
- Antimicrobial surfaces (1)
- Antimony (1)
- Aromatic amino acid analysis AAAA (1)
- Artificial ageing (1)
- Astrobiology (1)
- BFR (1)
- BSA (1)
- Bacterial growth (1)
- Bio-receptive (1)
- Bioactive glass (1)
- Bioavailability (1)
- Biocorrosion (1)
- Biodegradation (1)
- Biodiversity (1)
- Biofilm growth (1)
- Biosynthesis (1)
- Biotechnology (1)
- Black fungus (1)
- Bottom ash (1)
- Bovine serum albumin (1)
- Building product (1)
- Carbon steel corrosion (1)
- Chamber-test (1)
- Chicken manure (1)
- Chromium (1)
- Circular economy (1)
- Co-combustion (1)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (1)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (1)
- Comsumer good samples (1)
- Concrete (1)
- Conservation (1)
- Consumer articles (1)
- Coptic (1)
- Crispr-Cas9 (1)
- Cryptoendolithic black fungus (1)
- Crystallization (1)
- DGT (1)
- DRIFTS (1)
- DSLT (1)
- Damage repair (1)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Diffusive sampling (1)
- Downstream processing (1)
- EDX Analysis (1)
- Emission chamber testing (1)
- Emissions (1)
- Ersatzbaustoffe (1)
- European standard (1)
- Experimental evolution (1)
- Extracellular polymeric substances (1)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (1)
- Extremotolerance (1)
- Façade (1)
- Femtosecond laser processing (1)
- Fertilizer (1)
- Fiber (1)
- Fibre (1)
- Flame-retardant (1)
- Flow Model (1)
- Flow chamber system (1)
- Flow-System (1)
- Fluorescence (1)
- Fluorescent proteins (1)
- Food safety (1)
- Foward genetics (1)
- Fractional factorial (1)
- Genetic engineering (1)
- Genome sequence (1)
- Geosynthetics (1)
- Glasanalyse (1)
- Glasmalfarben (1)
- Glass paints (1)
- Ground water (1)
- Guideline (1)
- Gypsum recycling (1)
- HAXPES (1)
- Herculaneum (1)
- Heterologous expression (1)
- Hi-Tension (1)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (1)
- Historic buildings (1)
- Human plasma (1)
- IAQ (1)
- ISO22196 (1)
- Implants (1)
- In-vivo mutagenesis (1)
- Iodine (1)
- Ir DNA staining approach (1)
- Iron oxide nanoparticles (1)
- Korrosion (1)
- LCA (1)
- LIBS (1)
- Laser structuring (1)
- Laser-induced pariodic surface structures (1)
- Loading factor (1)
- Lysimeter (1)
- MDG ICP-ToF-MS (1)
- MIC projekt (1)
- Manuscripts (1)
- Material degradation (1)
- Mathematical modelling (1)
- Medieval glasses (1)
- Metal organic frameworks (1)
- Method development (1)
- Micro plastic (1)
- Microbiological influenced corrosion MIC (1)
- Microbiologically Influrenced Corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microcolonial fungi (1)
- Microdroplet generator (1)
- Microfluidics (1)
- Mikrobiell beeinflusste Korrosion (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Mobile anodisation (1)
- Mobile application (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Modern painting (1)
- Mycotoxins (1)
- Nano particle (1)
- NanoSIMS (1)
- Nanomaterial (1)
- Nanomaterials (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Nanopartikel (1)
- Nitrification inhibitor (1)
- Nitrogen (1)
- Non invasive analysis (1)
- Odour (1)
- Organo fluorine analysis (1)
- PAK (1)
- PP (1)
- PS (1)
- Papyrus (1)
- Parchment (1)
- Particle size (1)
- Particle size distributuion (1)
- Passive sampling (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (1)
- Perceived Intensity (1)
- Phosphonic acids (1)
- Phosphor (1)
- Phosphorus recycling (1)
- Pigment (1)
- Plant growth test (1)
- Plant-availability (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Polyglycerol (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Portland Cement (1)
- Poster presentation (1)
- Pot experiment (1)
- ProMoAM (1)
- Proficiency Test (1)
- Protein a (1)
- Protein hydrolysis (1)
- Protein immobilization (1)
- Protein quantification (1)
- Prozessmonitoring (1)
- Pseudomonas (1)
- QA/QC (1)
- Reactive oxygen species (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Red Mud (1)
- Reductive amination (1)
- Reductive iron assimilation (1)
- Remediation (1)
- Reverse painting on glass (1)
- Rock-inhabiting fungi (1)
- Rostasche (1)
- Rotschlamm (1)
- SDS-PAGE (1)
- SPE extraction (1)
- Sapphire (1)
- Schutzverglasung (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Selection (1)
- Sewage extraction (1)
- Sewage sludge (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (1)
- Siderophore (1)
- Signal transduction (1)
- Single cell (1)
- Sintering (1)
- Size distribution (1)
- Small angle x-ray scattering (1)
- Soil (1)
- Soil P species (1)
- Soil extraction (1)
- Solubility (1)
- Sorption (1)
- Spectroscopy (1)
- Stained glass windows (1)
- Stained glasses (1)
- Standardized test and quantification procedure (1)
- Steelmaking slag (1)
- Structural color (1)
- Sugarcane bagasse (1)
- Sum parameter analyis (1)
- Superhydrophilic surface (1)
- Superhydrophobic surface (1)
- Surfacewaters (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Synchrotron-XPS (1)
- Synthetic organic pigments (1)
- TED-GC/MS (1)
- TEM (1)
- TXRF (1)
- TXRF ambient air aerosol chemical analysis aerosol element composition (1)
- Termites (1)
- Test Guideline (1)
- Testguideline (1)
- Thermal extraction (1)
- Thermochemisch (1)
- Transmission electron microscopy (1)
- Tricalcium-silicate (1)
- Tyrosine (1)
- UFP (1)
- Ultrashort laser processing (1)
- Umweltsimulation (1)
- Uptake rate (1)
- VOC-Emission (1)
- VOC-emission (1)
- Velocimetry (1)
- Volatile organic compound (1)
- Weathering (1)
- X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (1)
- X-rays (1)
- XRF Analysis (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- biocide tolerance (1)
- black fungi (1)
- disinfection (1)
- evolution (1)
- fs-laser processing (1)
- genetics (1)
- genomics (1)
- heterogeneity (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (140) (entfernen)
Over the past century, a range of synthetic compounds have been produced to improve humanity’s quality of life. These include pharmaceuticals, plastics, and other chemical compounds that possess properties making them potentially harmful when released to the environment (e.g., ecological and health impacts to humans and animals). Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of chemicals used in the formulations of thousands of consumer goods, including aqueous film-forming foams used to suppress aviation fires in training scenarios, non-stick cookware, fast-food wrappers, water-repellent fabrics, medical equipment, and plastic and leather products. Because of the recent regulations and restrictions on the use of long chain (≥C8) PFAS a significant shift in the industry towards short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain alternatives has been recognized the last years. Due to the high polarity and water solubility of ultrashort PFAS, the potential for bioaccumulation is low. However, the high persistence of ultrashort-chain PFAS will result in environmental accumulation, especially in aquatic environments, leading to potential risks for aquatic organisms and increased human external exposure through drinking water. Ultrashort PFAS like trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) are low to moderately toxic to a range of organisms. In addition, ultrashort PFAS can penetrate natural and anthropogenic barriers and eventually reach drinking water sources. Because common drinking water treatment techniques do not sufficiently remove them, they may reach human consumption. In the project we are focusing on detecting and removing PFAS, especially ultrashort-chain PFAS from contaminated groundwater. We are designing passive sampling devices, which can collect and monitor the temporal profile of PFAS species in groundwater. This will allow us to analyze PFAS contaminations in German and Israeli groundwater using state-of-the-art and novel analytical techniques and understand the extent of contamination. In addition to quantification, PFAS contaminated groundwater will be treated via a two-stage process to produce PFAS-free drinking water. As ultrashort-chain PFAS are difficult to analyze with the current target (LC-MS/MS) and sum parameter (AOF, EOF) analysis methods, we additionally using gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Therefore, an analytical method based on GC-MS is in development to analyze the volatile ultrashort-chain PFAS (TFA, PFPrA, TFMS, PFEtS, PFPrS, trifluoroethanol, pentafluoropropanol and hexafluoro isopropanol) directly in contaminated groundwater samples with the headspace technique and in eluates of organic solvents from the developed passive sampler after direct injection. Moreover, a two-stages process is designed to increase the low concentrations found in groundwater using novel membranes processes such as closed-circuit reverse osmosis (CCRO) and mixed matrix composite nanofiltration membranes (MMCM). Next, the rejected streams containing higher concentrations of PFAS will be treated by coagulation, and the remaining PFAS adsorbed onto carbonaceous nanomaterials (CNMs). The DEFEAT-PFAS project will result in the development of novel tools to detect, quantify, and remove PFAS, especially ultrashort-chain PFAS from contaminated groundwater, and will acquire a new understanding of the extent of these contaminations.
Bottom ash (BA) from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) contains harmful substances such as heavy metals, chloride and sulfate which are mobilized in contact with water. Standardized leaching tests are used to measure the extent of mobilization. It is known that fresh bottom ash displays elevated concentrations of various heavy metals such as lead or zinc due to the formation of hydroxo complexes as a result of high pH values of 12 and above. Storage of BA is accompanied by ageing processes, mainly the reaction of CaO and Ca(OH)2 with CO2 leading to lower pH values in contact with water around 11. Usually heavy metals concentrations are minimum at these conditions. Knowledge of the long-term leaching behavior of potentially harmful substances is crucial for the assessment of the environmental compatibility of reusing municipal solid-waste incineration bottom ash (MSWI BA) in construction, i.e., as a road base layer. BA fractions obtained from wet-processing aiming at the improvement of environmental quality were used to investigate the mobility of relevant substances. Eluates from laboratory-scaled leaching procedures (column percolation and lysimeters) were analyzed to learn about the long-term release of substances. Unsaturated conditions and artificial rainwater were used in the lysimeter tests to simulate field conditions. In addition, batch test eluates were generated at usual liquid-to-solid ratios (L/S) for compliance testing purposes. A variety of cations and anions was measured in the eluates. The wet treatment reduces the leaching of chloride and particularly sulfate by more than 60%. The release of typical contaminants for the treated MSWI BA such as the heavy metals Cu and Cr was well below 1% in the conducted leaching tests. An increase in the Sb concentration was observed in the lysimeter experiments starting at L/S 0.75 L/kg and in the column experiment at L/S 4 L/kg is assumed to be related to decreasing concentrations of Ca and thus to the dissolution of sparingly soluble calcium antimonate. The same leaching mechanism applies with V, but the concentration levels observed are less critical regarding relevant limit values. However, on the long term the behavior of Sb could be problematic for the application of MSWI BA as secondary building material.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a large group of organofluorine surfactants used in the formulations of thousands of consumer goods, including aqueous film-forming foams (AFFF) used to suppress aviation fires in training scenarios, non-stick cookware, fast-food wrappers, water-repellent fabrics, medical equipment, and plastic and leather products. As a result of the perpetual use of PFAS containing products, effluents and sewage sludge from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) have been observed to be an important pathway for PFAS into the environment. In Germany, phosphorus and other nutrients from sewage sludge and wastewater should be recycled in WWTPs of cities with a large population. However, it is not clear if PFAS contamination from wastewater and sewage sludge end up in novel wastewater-based fertilizers. Normally, PFAS are analyzed using PFAS protocols typically with time-consuming extraction steps and LC-MS-MS quantification. However, for screening of PFAS contaminations in sewage sludge or wastewater-based fertilizers also passive sampler based on the Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique can be used for the PFAS extraction. Afterwards, combustion ion chromatography (CIC) can be applied to analyse the “total” amount of PFAS on the passive sampler. Here, we show results from the DGT method in comparison to those of the extractable organic fluorine (EOF) method for a variety of wastewater-based fertilizers. Additionally, we analysed the adsorption of PFAS on the weak anion exchanger (WAX) based DGT passive sampler binding layer by infrared and fluorine K-edge X-ray adsorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy.
The halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata can tolerate salt concentrations above 10% NaCl and uses the accumulation of the compatible solute ectoine as a major osmoregulatory mechanism. Ectoine can be accumalted inside the cell through import from the medium or de novo synthesis and establishes an osmotic equilibrium with the surrounding1. Ectoine also protects proteins from the effects of freezing, drying and high temperatures4 and DNA from ionizing radiation2. These features make ectoine a valuable compound for cosmetics and medical devices.
H. elongata was originally isolated from a solar salt facility, where it thrives under high salt concentrations. It was found that marine prokaryotes, which are exposed to high oxidative stress in their environment, vary glycolytic strategies5. A variation in the use of the glucose metabolic pathways is also assumed for H. elongata.
The halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata can tolerate salt concentrations above 10% NaCl and uses the accumulation of the compatible solute ectoine as a major osmoregulatory mechanism. Ectoine can be accumalted inside the cell through import from the medium or de novo synthesis and establishes an osmotic equilibrium with the surrounding1. Ectoine also protects proteins from the effects of freezing, drying and high temperatures4 and DNA from ionizing radiation2. These features make ectoine a valuable compound for cosmetics and medical devices.
H. elongata was originally isolated from a solar salt facility, where it thrives under high salt concentrations. It was found that marine prokaryotes, which are exposed to high oxidative stress in their environment, vary glycolytic strategies5. A variation in the use of the glucose metabolic pathways is also assumed for H. elongata.
Nach 1850 wurde zur weiteren Herabsetzung der Einbrenntemperatur von Glasmalfarben Borax (Na2B4O7 · 10 H2O) zugesetzt. Das Verhältnis war nun 1 Teil SiO2, 3 Teile PbO und 0,5 Teile Borax. Der analytische Nachweis von Bor in eingebrannten Malschichten war bisher jedoch nicht möglich.
In Laborversuchen wurden Glasmalfarben mit unterschiedlichem Gehalt an Borax auf Modellgläser aufgetragen, eingebrannt und anschließend unter simulierten Umweltbedingungen zeitraffend im Klimaschrank bewittert. Mit Hilfe von elektronenmikroskopischen Untersuchungen können Malschichten charakterisiert werden und somit Hinweise auf mögliche Schadensursachen liefern. Der Nachweis von Bor erfolgte mit Hilfe von LIBS-Messungen (Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy) an im Labor hergestellten Glasmalfarben mit unterschiedlichem Boraxgehalt.
19th and 20th centuries glass paint layers consist of a colour body and a colourless lead silicate flux, in which borax or boric acid was added as further component to improve the paint ability and to reduce the firing temperature for multiple layers of paint. Model glasses were used in laboratory tests to investigate the stability of glass paints with additions of boron oxide. To determine boron in paint layers, a LIBS-system with pulsed NdYAG-laser was used.
The church of Koszewko (Poland) is a brick building edified in the 15th century built on cobblestone foundations. There are five windows in the sanctuary. Three of them enclose heraldic panels from the Küssow’s family from the 15th century which are surrounded with Goethe glass from the 18th century to complete the windows. The colored heraldic panels are strongly damaged and corroded with massive paint layer losses, glass- and leadbreakages. Those medieval glass fragments have been shortly discovered and are of particular interest for Poland since only few medieval glazing have been conserved.
The damages as well as the glass compositions have been investigated with ESEM/EDX. Two categories of medieval glass compositions have been identified. The blue glass is particularly sensible to corrosion because of his high content in K2O. The colorless and the red glass samples belong to a stable glass type. Due to the thickness of the gel layer, it is easy to see that the degradation is strongly proceeded. The protection of those medieval stained-glass panels is absolute necessary.
The medieval panels have been restored and surrounded from a copper frame. Then they have been fixed on the wood frame in the church. The exterior glazing has been closed with a panel of Goethe glass. The gap between the Goethe- and the medieval glass is about 3 cm. The Goethe glass panel has been stabilized with a film based on polyester to protect the medieval glasses against any damages. In this way, a low cost protective glazing has been installed for a long-term conservation of each medieval stained-glass panels. The climate measurements over the period of one year on the restored windows are in process. The temperature and the relative humidity are recorded in the church interior, in the gap between the original and the Goethe glass and outdoors.
In Vorbereitung einer Restaurierung erfolgten naturwissenschaftliche Untersuchungen zu Schadensphänomenen und Glaszusammensetzungen an mittelalterlichen Gläsern aus der Dorfkirche in Koszewko (Polen)im Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope (ESEM) mit EDX. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Glasverwitterung schon sehr stark vorangeschritten ist und ein zukünftiger Schutz der mittelalterlichen Glasmalereifelder vor Umwelteinflüssen unbedingt notwendig ist. Es wurde ein Schutzverglasungsystem entwickelt, das speziell auf den langfristigen Erhalt der einzelnen mittelalterlichen Glasmalereifelder ausgelegt ist.
Nowadays, people spend most of their time indoors. Thus, a good indoor air quality is important. Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from furniture and building materials can cause health complaints1. Quantitative VOC-emission testing is carried out under standardized conditions in emission test chambers. In the presented project an emission reference material (ERM) is developed that emits a defined mixture of VOCs which is required for quality assurance and -control (QA/QC) measures. Porous materials (e.g zeolites, activated carbons, MOFs or aerogels) are used as reservoir materials and impregnated with VOC. The porous materials are selected, among others, by their pore size, pore size distribution, polarity and availability. Due to their regular pore structure zeolites are tested at first. For a prediction of the emission profile, the ERM is supposed to exhibit a constant emission rate over time. The aim is a stability of ≤ 10 % change in the emission rate over a minimum of 14 days.
Method
For impregnation, the material is placed into an autoclave inside a rotatable basket. The VOC is added and the autoclave is closed. Afterwards, CO2 is inserted. The closed system is then heated to the supercritical point of CO2 (31 °C, 73.75 bar). In this state, the CO2 acts as solvent for the VOC. By rotating the basket, the distribution of the VOC is ensured. After a few minutes, the pressure is decreased slowly and the CO2 is released. For the determination of the emission profile, the impregnated sample is placed into an emission test chamber. These chambers can be operated either with dry or humid air (50 ± 5 % rel. humidity). Every second to third day, air samples are taken and analyzed by gas chromatography. For an ideal impregnation, several different pressures and temperatures as well as impregnation times are tested.
Results
Two zeolite materials tested in dry air conditions reach emission profiles with a decrease of less than 10 % over 14 days (heptane and toluene, respectively). Further it was discovered that smaller pellets of the same zeolite show better results than bigger particles. When the pore size of a zeolite is too small, e.g. 0.3 nm, the VOC cannot be absorbed sufficiently. The main disadvantage of zeolites is their hygroscopicity because it has a large impact on the release of VOC when they are used in emission test chambers under standardized test conditions (23 °C, 50 % rel. humidity). Activated carbons have emission profiles with a larger change over 14 days. However, the high hydrophobicity allows measurements in humid air conditions which was not possible with the before mentioned hygroscopic zeolites. It is possible to impregnate powdered materials as well, and thus powdered non-hygroscopic (n.h.) zeolites were impregnated. Their emission profiles are comparable to those of the activated carbons. The use of methylated hygroscopic zeolites with a decrease in hygroscopicity did not yield successful emission measurements. The change over 14 days is calculated only for the stable phase (~250–300 h).
The desired stability of ≤ 10 % change of the emission rate over 14 days could already be reached under dry testing conditions. Further investigations under humid conditions show that zeolites with high Si/Al-ratios are non-hygroscopic and comparable to activated carbons (20–30 % change). The next step is to reduce the change in the emission rate of these materials to the aimed ≤ 10 % over 14 days.