4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (81)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (74)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (22)
- Zeitschriftenheft (Herausgeberschaft für das komplette Heft) (18)
- Posterpräsentation (16)
- Amtliche Bekanntmachung (13)
- Forschungsbericht (10)
- Buchkapitel (9)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (2)
- Sammelband (Herausgeberschaft für den kompletten Band) (1)
Schlagworte
- Deponie (33)
- Leaching (28)
- Rostasche (21)
- PFAS (18)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahn (17)
- Zulassungen (16)
- Anerkennungen (15)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (15)
- Richtlinien (15)
- Bottom ash (14)
- Zulassung (13)
- Festlegungen (12)
- Geokunststoffe (12)
- Sewage sludge (9)
- Soil (9)
- XANES spectroscopy (9)
- Ecotoxicity (8)
- Geosynthetics (8)
- Phosphorus (8)
- Combustion ion chromatography (7)
- Construction products (7)
- Ersatzbaustoffe (7)
- PAK (7)
- BBodSchV (6)
- Geogitter (6)
- Kunststoffdichtungsbahnen (6)
- Lysimeter (6)
- Mikroplastik (6)
- Remediation (6)
- Transformation (6)
- X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy (6)
- Antimony (5)
- Biocides (5)
- Combustion Ion Chromatography (5)
- Fertilizer (5)
- Ground water (5)
- Incineration bottom ash (5)
- Verwertung (5)
- Ausnahmegenehmigungen (4)
- Bodenmaterial (4)
- Circular economy (4)
- Degradation (4)
- Ersatzbaustoff (4)
- Gefahrgutregeln (4)
- Geotextiles (4)
- Kreislaufwirtschaft (4)
- Nassaufbereitung (4)
- Passive sampling (4)
- Sorption (4)
- Spannungsrissbeständigkeit (4)
- XANES (4)
- Ökotoxizität (4)
- Abfallverbrennung (3)
- Bauprodukte (3)
- Beschleunigte Alterung (3)
- CIC (3)
- Combustion ion chromatography (CIC) (3)
- Dichtungskontrollsysteme (3)
- Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) (3)
- Düngemittel (3)
- EOF (3)
- Elutionsverfahren (3)
- Extractable organically bound fluorine (EOF) (3)
- Geotextilien (3)
- Groundwater (3)
- HP14 (3)
- High resolution-continuum source-graphite furnace molecular absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFMAS) (3)
- Mechanochemical treatment (3)
- PFC (3)
- Polymere (3)
- Recycling (3)
- Recycling materials (3)
- Risk assessment (3)
- Robustness studies (3)
- Schadstofftransfer (3)
- Schutzschicht (3)
- Secondary building materials (3)
- TED-GC/MS (3)
- Waste management (3)
- Waste treatment (3)
- Weathering (3)
- XRF (3)
- Abdichtungssystem (2)
- Abfallbehandlung (2)
- Adsorbable organically bound fluorine (AOF) (2)
- Ammonium (2)
- Analytical methods (2)
- Antimon (2)
- Artificial ageing (2)
- Bewehrungen aus Kunststoff (2)
- Biozid (2)
- Biozide (2)
- Boden (2)
- Böden (2)
- Circular Economy (2)
- Coastal protection (2)
- Comsumer good samples (2)
- DSLT (2)
- Density separation (2)
- Deponien (2)
- Deponietechnik (2)
- Design of experiments (2)
- Dichtungskontrollsystem (2)
- Diffusive Gradients in thin films (DGT) (2)
- Dry treatment (2)
- Elutionsverhalten (2)
- Emission (2)
- Ersatzbaustoffverordnung (2)
- HDPE geomembrane (2)
- Hazard properties (2)
- Klärschlamm (2)
- Kunststoffrasen (2)
- Kunststoffschweißen (2)
- LC-MS/MS (2)
- Landfill liner (2)
- Langzeitverhalten (2)
- Leaching of waste materials (2)
- Leaching tests (2)
- Leak detection (2)
- MSWI bottom ash (2)
- Marine littering (2)
- Micro plastic (2)
- Microplastic (2)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFASs) (2)
- Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (2)
- Permeable reactive barriers (2)
- Phosphor (2)
- Raman spectroscopy (2)
- Recovery (2)
- Regulations (2)
- Sanierung (2)
- Schutzschichten (2)
- Sekundärrohstoffe (2)
- Sequenzielle Extraktion (2)
- Setzmaschine (2)
- Soil-like material (2)
- Solubility (2)
- Substance release (2)
- Sum parameter analysis (2)
- Thermal treatment (2)
- UV radiation (2)
- Umweltverträglichkeit (2)
- Vanadium (2)
- Waste-to-energy (2)
- Wood protection (2)
- X-ray diffraction (2)
- Zustimmungen (2)
- AOF (1)
- Abdichtungssysteme (1)
- Abfalltrennung (1)
- Abfälle (1)
- Accelerated aging (1)
- Ageing (1)
- Aging (1)
- Air pollution control (1)
- Altlasten (1)
- Analytical screening techniques (1)
- Analytik (1)
- Aquatische Toxizität (1)
- Artificial weathering (1)
- Assessment (1)
- Aufbau von Festkörpern (1)
- Aufbereitung (1)
- Aufbereitungstechnik (1)
- Auslaugtest (1)
- Auslaugtests (1)
- Auslaugverfahren (1)
- Auswaschung (1)
- Auswaschverlauf (1)
- Auswaschversuche (1)
- Autoclave tests (1)
- Autoklaventest (1)
- BAM-Zulassung (1)
- BTEX (1)
- Baltic Sea (1)
- Batch tests (1)
- Bauprodukt (1)
- Bauxite Residue (1)
- Beständigkeit (1)
- Biocide (1)
- Biocides in the environment (1)
- Biotests (1)
- Blauer Engel (1)
- Bodenmaterialien (1)
- Brown-rot fungi (1)
- Building Material (1)
- Building materials (1)
- Chemical analysis (1)
- Chemical extraction (1)
- Chemical recycling (1)
- Chemisches Recycling (1)
- Chicken manure ash (1)
- Chromium (1)
- Concept (1)
- Coniophora puteana (1)
- Construction Products (1)
- Construction and demolition waste (1)
- Construction materials (1)
- Construction products regulation (CPR) (1)
- Contaminant transfer (1)
- Contamination (1)
- Copper (1)
- Culuative energy demand (1)
- Deponiebau (1)
- Deponierung (1)
- Deponieverordnung (1)
- Dichtesortierung (1)
- Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) (1)
- Direct material input (1)
- Driving rain (1)
- Dynamic surface leaching test (1)
- EOF/AOF (1)
- Eco-efficiency analysis (1)
- Ecotoxicity testing (1)
- Ecotoxicity tests (1)
- Ecotoxicological tests (1)
- Ecotoxixity (1)
- Electrochemical remediation (1)
- Eluates (1)
- Eluatwerte (1)
- Emissions (1)
- Emissionsfunktionen (1)
- Environmental Chemistry (1)
- Environmental Engineering (1)
- Environmental analysis (1)
- Environmental assessment (1)
- Environmental impact (1)
- Environmental simulations (1)
- Ergebnisunsicherheit (1)
- European research area (1)
- Exergie (1)
- Exergy (1)
- Extractable organic fluorine (1)
- Fassaden (1)
- Fassadenfarbe (1)
- Fassadenfarben (1)
- Fertilzer (1)
- Fire-retardant paint (1)
- Flame-retardant (1)
- Flotation (1)
- Fluor XANES (1)
- Fluoride (1)
- Fluoride nanoparticles (1)
- Fluorolytic sol−gel (1)
- Forest soils (1)
- Freisetzung (1)
- Freisetzung und Transfer von Schadstoffen (1)
- Fungi (1)
- Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- Gebührenverordnung (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- Geomembranes (1)
- Gleichgewicht (1)
- Global radiation (1)
- Greenhouse gas accounting (1)
- Greenhouse gas balance (1)
- Greenhouse gas mitigation (1)
- Grouts (1)
- Grundwasser (1)
- HR-CS-GFMAS (1)
- HR-GF-MAS (1)
- Headspace GC-MS (1)
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis (1)
- Heavy metals (1)
- Household waste (1)
- Hydraulic engineering (1)
- Indirect photolysis (1)
- Inter-laboratory test (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Intraparticle diffusion (1)
- Intumescent coating (1)
- Iron scrap (1)
- Jig (1)
- Joint grouts (1)
- Kontamination (1)
- Kristallsystem (1)
- Kumulierter Energieaufwand (1)
- Kunstrasen (1)
- Kunststoff-Dränelement (1)
- Kunststoffsportbeläge (1)
- Kupfer (1)
- Landfill (1)
- Landfill lining (1)
- Lfe cycle assessment (1)
- Limit values (1)
- Lysimeter, Antimony (1)
- MSWI Bottom Ash (1)
- Mantelverordnung (1)
- Mass spectrometry (1)
- Material recycling (1)
- Materialkreislauf (1)
- Materials flow (1)
- Mathematical analysis (1)
- Mechanochemistry (1)
- Metal recovery (1)
- Mining (1)
- Mixture toxicity (1)
- Modellierung (1)
- Molybdenum (1)
- Municipal solid waste (1)
- Müllverbrennung (1)
- Nachsorge (1)
- Nano metal fluorides (1)
- Nano-materials (1)
- Nitrate (1)
- Nitrification inhibitor (1)
- Non-ferrous metals (1)
- Novelle BBodSchV (1)
- Nutrient (1)
- OIT (1)
- Oil (1)
- Ordinance on Contaminated Sites and Soil Protection (1)
- Organic contaminants (1)
- Organo fluorine analysis (1)
- Oxyfuel-Verbrennung (1)
- PAH (1)
- PFAS analysis (1)
- PFAS analytics (1)
- Paints (1)
- Per- and polyfluorinated alkly substances (PFASs) (1)
- Per- und Polyfluoroierte Alkylsubstanzen (PFAS) (1)
- Perfluorierte Verbindungen (1)
- Perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) (1)
- Pesticides (1)
- Phoshpor availability (1)
- Phosphorus fertilizer (1)
- Phosphorus recovery (1)
- Plant availability (1)
- Plant-availability (1)
- Plastic waste (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polyfluorinated alcohol (PFOH) (1)
- Polymer-based products (1)
- Polypropylene (1)
- Polystyrene (1)
- Polyurethanes (1)
- Porosity (1)
- Potential toxic elements (1)
- Prallzerkleinerungsverfahren (1)
- Preis- Leistungsverzeichnis (1)
- Prospective risk assessment (1)
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health (1)
- Pyrolyse (1)
- Pyrolysis (1)
- Red Mud (1)
- Reductive decomposition (1)
- Reductive defluorination (1)
- Regulation (1)
- Reifenabrieb (1)
- Resources (1)
- Rhodonia placenta (1)
- Road construction waste (1)
- Round robin test (1)
- Röntgenspektroskopie (1)
- SEM wood characterization (1)
- SPE extraction (1)
- Salts (1)
- Sc recovery (1)
- Scandium (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Secondary raw materials (1)
- Secondary resources (1)
- Sediment (1)
- Separate collection (1)
- Sequential extraction (1)
- Sewage extraction (1)
- Sewage sludge ash (1)
- Simulation of materials degradation (1)
- Size exclusion chromatography (1)
- Soil contact (1)
- Soil extraction (1)
- Soil-like materials (1)
- Soils (1)
- Solid phase extraction (SPE) (1)
- Solid-liquid extraction (1)
- Solvolyse (1)
- Solvolysis (1)
- Speziierungsanalyse (1)
- Sportböden (1)
- Sportböden auf Kunststoffbasis (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Standsicherheit (1)
- Stoffstromanalyse (1)
- Stop/flow experiments model (1)
- Sugar cane bagasse (1)
- Sum parameter (1)
- Sum parameter analyis (1)
- Summenparameter (1)
- Surface water (1)
- Surface waters (1)
- Surfacewaters (1)
- Synchotron (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- Targeted and nontargeted (1)
- Tauchtest (1)
- Terbutryn (1)
- Termites (1)
- Testverfahren (1)
- Thermal degradation (1)
- Thermische Abfallbehandlung (1)
- Thermo-desorption (1)
- Thermochemical treatment (1)
- Transport modeling (1)
- Ultrashort PFAS (1)
- Umweltbewertung (1)
- Ungleichgewicht (1)
- Uranium (1)
- Uranium mining (1)
- Urban mining (1)
- Utilisation (1)
- Utilization (1)
- Validation trial (1)
- Verwertung Bodenmaterial (1)
- Vorsorgewerte (1)
- Wasserbau (1)
- Waste incineration (1)
- Wastewater (1)
- Water analysis (1)
- Water contact (1)
- Wet-mechanical treatment (1)
- Wood ash (1)
- Wood samples (1)
- Wärmedämmverbundsystem (1)
- XANES-Spektroskopie (1)
- XPS (1)
- Zentrifugalsortierer (1)
- Zertifikate (1)
- fertilizer (1)
- infrared spectroscopy (1)
- microspectroscopy (1)
- soil (1)
- x-ray diffraction (1)
- Ökotoxtests (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (249) (entfernen)
Paper des Monats
- ja (5)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (81)
The production of secondary materials from waste materials requires, in most cases, significantly lower energy amounts than the primary material production of raw materials. Along with lower energy demand, the greenhouse gas emissions produced are also lower. The duty of a modern waste management system should therefore be to collect and sort the waste materials in a way that the highest amounts of single material fractions with the highest qualities can be generated. In this contribution, the greenhouse gas balances of the theoretical treatment of the household waste, if collected as mixed waste in sanitary landfills, in waste incineration plants, or in mechanical-biological treatment plants, are compared to the existing separate waste collection and treatment in Germany in 2014. The results show that the treatment of the mixed collected household waste in sanitary landfills would lead to a significant release of greenhouse gases. The treatment in MBTs with the recovery of valuables and the further disposal of the biologically stabilized fraction on landfills, as well as the treatment of the high calorific fraction (also called refuse derived fuel – RDF) in RDF plants, coal-fired power plants, or cement kilns, would lead to small amounts of avoided greenhouse gas emissions. The thermal treatment in waste incineration plants would lead to moderate amounts of avoided greenhouse gases. Only with the actually practiced separate collection and treatment of household waste were significant amounts of greenhouse gas emissions avoided. In total, this is approximately 5.5 million tons of carbon dioxide equivalents for approximately 45.5 million tons of separate collected and treated household waste in Germany in 2014.
Construction products are in contact with water (e.g., rain, seepage water) during their service lifetime and may release potentially harmful compounds by leaching processes. Monitoring studies showed that compounds attributed to construction products are found in storm water and the receiving bodies of water and that the release of biocides in urban areas can be comparable to the input of pesticides from agricultural uses. Therefore, a prospective risk assessment of such products is necessary. Laboratory leaching tests have been developed by the Technical Committee CEN/TC 351 and are ready to use. One major task in the future will be the evaluation of the leaching test results, as concentrations found in laboratory experiments are not directly comparable to the field situations. Another Task will be the selection of compounds to be considered for construction products, which are often a complex mixture and contain additives, pigments, stabilization agents, etc. The formulations of the products may serve as a starting point, but total content is a poor predictor for leachability, and analysis of the eluates is necessary. In some cases, nontargeted approaches might be required to identify compounds in the eluates. In the identification process, plausibility checks referring to available information should be included. Ecotoxicological tests are a complementary method to test eluates, and the combined effects of all compounds—including Degradation products—are included. A bio test battery has been applied in a round robin test and was published in a guidance document. Published studies on the ecotoxicity of construction products show the tests’ suitability to distinguish between products with small and larger effects on the environment.
Auslaugung von Stoffen aus Bauteilen kann zu einer Belastung von Boden und Gewässern führen. Das Simulationsmodell COMLEAM (COnstruction Material LEAching Model) wurde eingesetzt, um die Stoffauswaschung besser zu verstehen und das damit verbundene Umweltrisiko besser einschätzen zu können. Emissionsfunktionen sind Bestandteil dieses Modells. Hier werden fünf verschiedenen Funktionen beschrieben, getestet und hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für Prognosemodelle bewertet.
Im Vortrag werden Auswaschversuche mit Bauprodukten vorgestellt, die dazu dienen sollen, Bauprodukte mit geringer Auswaschung zu erkennen. Zu verschiedenen Bauprodukten (Lacke für Außenanwendungen, Wärmedämmverbundsystemen, Dachziegel und Dachfolien) werden ausgewählte Ergebnisse vorgestellt. Die Eignung der Auswaschverfahren und die Testergebnisse werden bewertet.
Wood treated with nano metal fluorides is found to resist fungal decay. Sol−gel synthesis was used to synthesize MgF2 and CaF2 nanoparticles. Electron microscopy images confirmed the localization of MgF2 and CaF2 nanoparticles in wood. Efficacy of nano metal fluoride-treated wood was tested against brown-rot fungi Coniophora puteana and Rhodonia placenta. Untreated wood specimens had higher
mass losses (∼30%) compared to treated specimens, which had average mass loss of 2% against C. puteana and 14% against R. placenta, respectively. Nano metal fluorides provide a viable alternative to current wood preservatives.
Im Beitrag wurden Ergebnisse von Elutionsuntersuchungen mit PFC kontaminierten Bodenmaterialien vorgestellt. Zum einen waren das Untersuchungen zur Eignung von Säulenversuchen für diese Schadstoffgruppe und zum anderen vergleichende Schüttel- und Säulenversuche für zwei verschiedene Böden mit unterschiedlichen PFC-Kontaminationsquellen.
Im Beitrag wurden erste Ergebnisse eines laufenden UFOPLAN-Vorhabens zu den neuen Kriterien der Verwertungsmöglichkeiten von Bodenmaterialien außerhalb der durchwurzelbaren Bodenschicht nach den §§ 6 bis 8 der Novelle der BBodSchV vorgestellt. Der Schwerpunkt lag auf Untersuchungen der Schadstoffgruppe der PAK. Dabei wurden Probleme der Vergleichbarkeit und Leistungsfähigkeit verschiedener Elutions- und Analyseverfahren der PAK-Analytik diskutiert.
Tools for the characterization of secondary raw materials - status of leaching test application
(2018)
Leaching tests are used as tools for the assessment of environmental compatibility of granular waste materials with potential for reuse. The presentation gives an overview on available leaching tests, their field of application and relation to legislation. Furthermore robustness testing to elaborate optimized test conditions as well as performance characteristics from validation studies by BAM are addressed.
Tools for the characterization of secondary raw materials - status of leaching test application
(2018)
Leaching tests are used as tools for the assessment of environmental compatibility of granular waste materials with potential for reuse. The presentation gives an overview on available leaching tests, their field of application and relation to legislation. Furthermore robustness testing to elaborate optimized test conditions as well as performance characteristics from validation studies by BAM are addressed.
Tools for the characterization of secondary raw materials - status of leaching test application
(2018)
Leaching tests are used as tools for the assessment of environmental compatibility of granular waste materials with potential for reuse. The presentation gives an overview on available leaching tests, their field of application and relation to legislation. Furthermore robustness testing to elaborate optimized test conditions as well as performance characteristics from validation studies by BAM are addressed.