4 Material und Umwelt
Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2024 (34) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (18)
- Vortrag (8)
- Posterpräsentation (6)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (1)
- Forschungsbericht (1)
Sprache
- Englisch (34) (entfernen)
Schlagworte
- Ground water (4)
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) (4)
- Biofilm (3)
- VOC (3)
- Bassanite (2)
- Black fungi (2)
- Building and Construction (2)
- Calcium sulfate (2)
- Ecotoxicity (2)
- Emission reference materials (2)
- Gypsum (2)
- Hazard properties (2)
- Incineration bottom ash (2)
- Indoor air quality (2)
- Materials emissions test (2)
- Microbiome (2)
- Microplastics (2)
- Remediation (2)
- Scattering (2)
- Accelerated aging (1)
- Air pollution (1)
- Antibiotic resistance (1)
- Atomic and Molecular Physics and Optics (1)
- BESSY (1)
- Biocide (1)
- Biofouling (1)
- Biokorrosion (1)
- Biosphere (1)
- Calcium carbonate (1)
- Cerium oxide (1)
- Chemicals (1)
- Conjugation (1)
- Cross-sectioning (1)
- Electric arc furnace dust (1)
- Electron microscopy (1)
- Electronic (1)
- Emission (1)
- Emission testing (1)
- Environmental Chemistry (1)
- Environmental Engineering (1)
- Evolution (1)
- Extracellular pH (1)
- FFF-3D printing (1)
- Fungicidal property (1)
- Gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC-MS) (1)
- General Chemistry (1)
- General Environmental Science (1)
- General Materials Science (1)
- General Medicine (1)
- Geotextiles (1)
- Hazardous waste (1)
- Headspace GC-MS (1)
- Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis (1)
- Herteogeneous phenotypes (1)
- Horizontal gene transfer (1)
- Hydrogenasen (1)
- In situ (1)
- Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering (1)
- Iron making (1)
- Knufia petricola (1)
- Light-induced stress (1)
- Lysimeter (1)
- Materials Chemistry (1)
- Melanin (1)
- Metals and Alloys (1)
- Microbially Induced Corrosion (1)
- Microbially induced carbonate precipitation (MICP) (1)
- Microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) (1)
- Microplastic (1)
- Mikroplastik (1)
- Multidisciplinary (1)
- MySpot (1)
- Müllverbrennung (1)
- Nanobiocide (1)
- Nanocoating (1)
- Nanopowder (1)
- Nanosensor (1)
- Optical and Magnetic Materials (1)
- PAK (1)
- Paper sizings (1)
- Perfluorocarboxylic acid (PFCA) (1)
- Persian historical recipes (1)
- Persistence (1)
- Physical and optical characteristics (1)
- Pollution (1)
- Polyfluorinated alcohol (PFOH) (1)
- Process Metallurgy (1)
- Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Raman (1)
- Recycling (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment (1)
- Resistance (1)
- Resource Recovery (1)
- Sample preparation (1)
- Schwermetalle (1)
- Selective Chlorination (1)
- Sequential extraction (1)
- Size exclusion chromatography (1)
- Sorption (1)
- Spectral imaging (1)
- Strategy and Management (1)
- Stress tolerance (1)
- Sub-4nm particles (1)
- Sustainability (1)
- Synchrotron (1)
- TED-GC/MS (1)
- Targeting, Nanoparticles (1)
- Ultrafine particles (1)
- Ultrashort PFAS (1)
- Ureolytic bacteria (1)
- XANES spectroscopy (1)
- Zeolite (1)
- Zinc (1)
- Zinc oxide (1)
- pH (1)
- pH sensor (1)
- pHe (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (34)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (11)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (7)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (6)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (6)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (5)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (4)
- 6 Materialchemie (4)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (3)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (3)
Paper des Monats
- ja (1)
The classification of incineration bottom ash (IBA) as hazardous or non-hazardous according to ecotoxic hazard property HP14 is still under debate. In this context, only the compounds of Zn and Cu with the hazard statement code H410 are of relevance. With an approach based on the grouping of substances, it was shown that such substances are either readily water-soluble or slightly and sparingly soluble. The concentrations of readily soluble Cu and Zn compounds in IBA are far below the cut-off value of 0.1%. Slightly and sparingly soluble Zn and Cu compounds could be quantified in the first fraction of a four-step sequential extraction procedure. With the results from the complete sequence, the dimensionless synthesis toxicity index (STI) was calculated and was in the range of 494 to 1218 for the four investigated IBA samples. It was concluded that IBA can usually be classified as non-hazardous.
The classification of incineration bottom ash (IBA) as hazardous or non-hazardous according to ecotoxic hazard property HP14 is still under debate. In this context, only the compounds of Zn and Cu with the hazard statement code H410 are of relevance. With an approach based on the grouping of substances, it was shown that such substances are either readily water-soluble or slightly and sparingly soluble. The concentrations of readily soluble Cu and Zn compounds in IBA are far below the cut-off value of 0.1%. Slightly and sparingly soluble Zn and Cu compounds could be quantified in the first fraction of a four-step sequential extraction procedure. With the results from the complete sequence, the dimensionless synthesis toxicity index (STI) was calculated and was in the range of 494 to 1218 for the four investigated IBA samples. It was concluded that IBA can usually be classified as non-hazardous.
AbstractThe correlation between altered extracellular pH and various pathological conditions, including cancer, inflammation and metabolic disorders, is well known. Bulk pH measurements cannot report the extracellular pH value at the cell surface. However, there is a limited number of suitable tools for measuring the extracellular pH of cells with high spatial resolution, and none of them are commonly used in laboratories around the world. In this study, a versatile ratiometric nanosensor for the measurement of extracellular pH was developed. The nanosensor consists of biocompatible polystyrene nanoparticles loaded with the pH-inert reference dye Nile red and is surface functionalized with a pH-responsive fluorescein dye. Equipped with a targeting moiety, the nanosensor can adhere to cell membranes, allowing direct measurement of extracellular pH at the cell surface. The nanosensor exhibits a sensitive ratiometric pH response within the range of 5.5–9.0, with a calculated pKa of 7.47. This range optimally covers the extracellular pH (pHe) of most healthy cells and cells in which the pHe is abnormal, such as cancer cells. In combination with the nanosensors ability to target cell membranes, its high robustness, reversibility and its biocompatibility, the pHe nanosensor proves to be well suited for in-situ measurement of extracellular pH, even over extended time periods. This pH nanosensor has the potential to advance biomedical research by improving our understanding of cellular microenvironments, where extracellular pH plays an important role.
The research project focuses on tackling the detection, measurement, and elimination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from polluted groundwater, with a particular emphasis on addressing short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain PFAS. Given the widespread use of PFAS in various products, they are commonly found in groundwater near industrial and military sites in Germany and Israel. Moreover, recent regulations limiting the use of long chain PFAS have led industries to shift towards shorter chain alternatives. Hence, our efforts are geared towards refining detection, quantification, and removal methods for short and ultrashort chain PFAS. In terms of detection, ww are developing passive sampling devices capable of collecting and tracking the temporal distribution of PFAS species in groundwater. This will enable us to analyze contaminations in German and Israeli groundwater using cutting-edge analytical techniques. Additionally, contaminated groundwater will undergo a two-stage treatment process aimed at concentrating the relatively low PFAS concentrations using innovative membrane technologies such as closed-circuit reverse osmosis and mixed matrix composite nanofiltration membrane adsorbers. Subsequently, the streams containing higher PFAS concentrations will be treated through coagulation, with the remaining PFAS being adsorbed onto carbonaceous nanomaterials. The outcome of this research will include the creation of advanced tools for detecting, measuring, and eliminating PFAS from polluted groundwater, while also enhancing our understanding of the scope of these contaminations.
Ultrashort PFAS (≤ 3 carbon atoms) were overlooked for a long time in analytical monitoring. Beside through the use of these substances, they contribute to the PFAS background in the environment through (environmental/ bio-) degradation and incomplete destruction3 of PFAS with longer carbon chains or other fluorinated compounds. As part of the German-Israeli Cooperation in Water Technology Research project „Detection, quantification, and treatment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater“ (DEFEAT-PFAS), we are developing an as simple as possible direct headspace (HS-)GC-MS method to detect trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and perfluoropropanioc acid (PFPrA), as well as trifluoroethanol (TFEtOH), pentafluoropropanol(PFPrOH) and hexafluoroiospropanol (HFIP) in water samples. Here we present the results of the PFAS mentioned in spiked ultrapure water solutions.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been extensively utilized in various industrial processes, resulting in elevated concentrations in landfills and drinking water reservoirs. Despite recognizing that shortchained
PFAS are harmful, they are often overlooked. Short-chain PFAS are more challenging to remove via adsorption and membrane separation processes, and their detection is complex, thus creating a critical gap in understanding their environmental impact. To improve their environmental monitoring, we aim to improve short-chain PFAS adsorption and electro-sorption on novel carbon-based adsorbers such as pristine and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and assess their adsorption mechanisms. Based on the obtained result, we aim to develop a PFAS passive sampling device.
Detection, Quantification and Treatment of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in Groundwater
(2024)
The research project focuses on tackling the detection, measurement, and elimination of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from polluted groundwater, with a particular emphasis on addressing short (C4-C7) and ultrashort (C1-C3) chain PFAS. Given the widespread use of PFAS in various products, they are commonly found in groundwater near industrial and military sites in Germany and Israel. Moreover, recent regulations limiting the use of long chain PFAS have led industries to shift towards shorter chain alternatives. Hence, our efforts are geared towards refining detection, quantification, and removal methods for short and ultrashort chain PFAS. In terms of detection, ww are developing passive sampling devices capable of collecting and tracking the temporal distribution of PFAS species in groundwater. This will enable us to analyze contaminations in German and Israeli groundwater using cutting-edge analytical techniques. Additionally, contaminated groundwater will undergo a two-stage treatment process aimed at concentrating the relatively low PFAS concentrations using innovative membrane technologies such as closed-circuit reverse osmosis and mixed matrix composite nanofiltration membrane adsorbers. Subsequently, the streams containing higher PFAS concentrations will be treated through coagulation, with the remaining PFAS being adsorbed onto carbonaceous nanomaterials. The outcome of this research will include the creation of advanced tools for detecting, measuring, and eliminating PFAS from polluted groundwater, while also enhancing our understanding of the scope of these contaminations.
Introduction: Effective disinfection is crucial to maintain hygiene and to prevent the spread of infections. Phenotypic heterogeneity in disinfection survival (i.e. tolerance) may result in failure of disinfection, which in turn may foster the evolution of resistance to both disinfectants and antibiotics. However, the consequences of phenotypic heterogeneity for disinfection outcome and resistance evolution are not well understood. Goal: This study investigates the impact of phenotypic heterogeneity on the survival and evolution of Escherichia coli during disinfection with six commonly used substances. Furthermore, the consequences of evolved disinfectant tolerance for antibiotic resistance evolution are studied. Materials & Methods: The extent of population heterogeneity during disinfection is derived by determining time-kill kinetics and analysis with mathematical modelling. The link between population heterogeneity and evolvability of disinfectant tolerance was assessed by laboratory evolution experiments under periodic disinfection. The ability of disinfectant tolerant strains to evolve antibiotic resistance is assessed by serial transfer experiments with increasing concentrations of different antibiotics and by whole genome sequencing. Results: Multi-modal time-kill kinetics in three of the six disinfectants suggest the presence of disinfectant-tolerant subpopulations (i.e. persister cells). Importantly, the ability and extent to evolve population-wide tolerance under periodic disinfection is related with the presence of persister cells and the level of phenotypic heterogeneity during disinfection. Interestingly, the probability of high-level resistance evolution to certain antibiotics is attenuated in disinfectant tolerant strains as compared to the sensitive ancestor. Whole-genome sequencing reveals epistatic interactions between disinfectant tolerance and antibiotic resistance mutations, preventing access to canonical evolutionary paths to resistance. Summary: Our findings suggest that phenotypic heterogeneity can facilitate disinfection survival and the evolution of population wide tolerance, which can impact future antibiotic resistance evolution.
The biogenesis of iron–sulfur (Fe/S) proteins entails the synthesis and trafficking of Fe/S clusters, followed by their insertion into target apoproteins. In eukaryotes, the multiple steps of biogenesis are accomplished by complex protein machineries in both mitochondria and cytosol. The underlying biochemical pathways have been elucidated over the past decades, yet the mechanisms of cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein assembly have remained ill-defined. Similarly, the precise site of glutathione (GSH) requirement in cytosolic and nuclear Fe/S protein biogenesis is unclear, as is the molecular role of the GSH-dependent cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins (cGrxs). Here, we investigated these questions in human and yeast cells by various in vivo approaches. [2Fe-2S] cluster assembly of cytosolic target apoproteins required the mitochondrial ISC machinery, the mitochondrial transporter Atm1/ABCB7 and GSH, yet occurred independently of both the CIA system and cGrxs. This mechanism was strikingly different from the ISC-, Atm1/ABCB7-, GSH-, and CIA-dependent assembly of cytosolic–nuclear [4Fe-4S] proteins. One notable exception to this cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation pathway defined here was yeast Apd1 which used the CIA system via binding to the CIA targeting complex through its C-terminal tryptophan. cGrxs, although attributed as [2Fe-2S] cluster chaperones or trafficking proteins, were not essential in vivo for delivering [2Fe-2S] clusters to either CIA components or target apoproteins. Finally, the most critical GSH requirement was assigned to Atm1-dependent export, i.e. a step before GSH-dependent cGrxs function. Our findings extend the general model of eukaryotic Fe/S protein biogenesis by adding the molecular requirements for cytosolic [2Fe-2S] protein maturation.
Any surface in the environment acts as hotspot for microbial attachment and activity. These biofilms represent the interface between humans and the environment.
While in the past biofilms were often seen as disturbance, we now start to understand the enormous potential of beneficial biofilms. They can be used in a broad range of applications and are sources for new microorganisms and traits. After all, biofilms represent a great example for a collaborative lifestyle.