4 Material und Umwelt
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Erscheinungsjahr
- 2019 (223) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Vortrag (109)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (42)
- Posterpräsentation (30)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (23)
- Buchkapitel (10)
- Zeitschriftenheft (Herausgeberschaft für das komplette Heft) (3)
- Dissertation (2)
- Forschungsbericht (2)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (1)
- Forschungsdatensatz (1)
Schlagworte
- Corrosion (14)
- Ink (10)
- MIC (10)
- Bauprodukte (7)
- Biocides (7)
- Emission (7)
- Methanogens (7)
- Nano (7)
- Reverse glass painting (7)
- XRF (7)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 4 Material und Umwelt (223)
- 4.5 Kunst- und Kulturgutanalyse (56)
- 4.1 Biologische Materialschädigung und Referenzorganismen (47)
- 4.2 Material-Mikrobiom Wechselwirkungen (42)
- 4.4 Thermochemische Reststoffbehandlung und Wertstoffrückgewinnung (39)
- 4.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (28)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (26)
- 6 Materialchemie (10)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (8)
- 6.2 Material- und Oberflächentechnologien (5)
- 9 Komponentensicherheit (5)
- 9.3 Schweißtechnische Fertigungsverfahren (5)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (4)
- 6.1 Oberflächen- und Dünnschichtanalyse (4)
- 8 Zerstörungsfreie Prüfung (4)
- 8.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (4)
- 1.2 Biophotonik (3)
- 1.8 Umweltanalytik (3)
- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (3)
- 3.1 Sicherheit von Gefahrgutverpackungen und Batterien (3)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (3)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (3)
- 8.5 Röntgenbildgebung (3)
- 1.1 Anorganische Spurenanalytik (2)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (2)
- 5.2 Metallische Hochtemperaturwerkstoffe (2)
- 5.4 Multimateriale Fertigungsprozesse (2)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (2)
- 7.1 Baustoffe (2)
- Z Zentrale Dienstleistungen (2)
- Z.1 Organisation, Controlling (2)
- 1.9 Chemische und optische Sensorik (1)
- 2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit (1)
- 2.2 Prozesssimulation (1)
- 5.1 Mikrostruktur Design und Degradation (1)
- 7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen (1)
- 8.4 Akustische und elektromagnetische Verfahren (1)
- 9.4 Integrität von Schweißverbindungen (1)
- S Qualitätsinfrastruktur (1)
- S.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (1)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (109)
Column leaching tests are frequently used and accepted for investigation of release of hazardous substances from solid materials. Independent of differences due to the field of application or national regulations, column tests assume that local equilibrium is established in the experiment which facilitates transfer of results to field conditions. In the process of harmonization and standardization within Europe the question on the influence of flow rate and grain size distribution on the local equilibrium was raised. Thus, a set of experiments using two different masonry materials with varying grain size distribution and flow rate were conducted including stop/flow experiments. Results are compared to a numerical model which takes intraparticle pore diffusion-controlled release of Mo and V into the percolating water into account. Due to the relatively high intraparticle porosity of the materials (24–29%) data and model indicate that initially equilibrium-state conditions prevail followed by rapidly decreasing concentrations. The model fits data for Mo and V reasonably well; however, after the initial decline of concentrations (at L/S > 2) extended tailing is observed especially of elements occurring as oxides, which is not captured by the model.
In Denmark, increasing amounts of woody biomass are being used for the production of renewable energy, resulting in more wood ashes being generated. While these materials have been mainly landfilled, wood ashes may also be utilised for fertilizing and liming purposes on top of soils. Pre-treatments involving hardening or granulation may be carried out prior to soil application. In this study, two Danish wood ash samples were hardened and/or granulated. Lab-hardening induced rapid changes in the shape of the acid neutralisation capacity curve of the ashes. Up-flow column tests, assuming local equilibrium conditions, were employed to investigate the leaching from pre-treated ashes. Granules and loose ashes demonstrated similar leaching behaviours, indicating that similar geochemical processes were governing their leaching. In comparison with untreated fresh ashes, the hardened ashes demonstrated reduced leaching of Ca, Ba, Pb and Zn with concentration levels generally below or close to the analytical limits of quantification; to the contrary, the leaching of As, P, Sb, Si, V and Mg was enhanced in the hardened ashes. The release of alkalinity was reduced by hardening. In general, all granules were barely breakable by finger-pinching and they could withstand one month of continuous leaching, preserving their overall shape. The solubility of phosphorous in neutral ammonium citrate indicated that about 30–51% of the total P content in the ash samples was released, suggesting that the ashes could be potentially valuable as P-fertiliser if applied onto soil.
Biocides are commonly applied to construction materials such as facade renders and paints in order to protect them from microbial spoilage. These renders and paints are exposed to weathering conditions, e.g., sunlight and rain. Pigments are interacting intensively with the spectrum of the incoming light; thus, an effect of paint pigments on phototransformation rates and reaction pathways of the biocides is hypothesized.
In this study, the phototransformation of four commonly used biocides (carbendazim, diuron, octylisothiazolinone (OIT) and terbutryn) in four different paint formulations differing solely in pigments (red and black iron oxides, white titanium dioxide, and one pigment-free formulation) were investigated. Paints surfaces were irradiated under controlled conditions. The results show that biocides degrade most rapidly in the pigment-free formulation. The degradation in the pigment-free formulation followed a first-order kinetic model with the respective photolysis rate constants: kp,Diuron=0.0090 h−1, kp,OIT=0.1205 h−1, kp,Terbutryn=0.0079 h−1.
Carbendazim concentrations did not change significantly. The degradation was considerably lower in the pigment-containing paints. The determination of several phototransformation products of terbutryn and octylisothiazolinone showed different transformation product ratios dependent on the pigment. Consequently, pigments not only reflect the incoming light, but also interact with the biocide photodegradation.