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- 2018 (33) (entfernen)
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- Niobium carbide (17)
- NbC (10)
- Wear (10)
- Hardness (6)
- Machining (6)
- Cermet (5)
- Friction (5)
- Sintering (5)
- Hot steam (4)
- Mechanical properties (4)
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Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (9)
Research and development of WC grades is 90 years ahead of niobium carbide-based hard materials, which showed already as light-weight and unexplored material a very high potential for many technical applications, especially for wear protection and machining. NbC evoluted recently from lab scale to pilot scale, especially in areas where established WC-based materials are causing economic, environmental or technical concerns. Benchmark trials of NbC-based hard metals indicated already a favorable performance in machining of steel components.
Full densification of Fe, Co and Ni bonded NbC based cermet’s was achieved by pressure less liquid phase sintering in vacuum for one hour at 1420°C. The hardness and toughness of the NbC matrix cermet’s can be mainly tailored by the binder composition and secondary carbide additions. Ni binder based NbC cermet’s allow the combination of high hardness and improved toughness. The addition of lesser amounts of VC/Cr3C2 in a NbC partially substituted WC-Co cemented carbide increased significantly the hardness in combination with a moderate fracture toughness.
The aim of the study presented in this paper is to highlight the potential of niobium carbide cutting tool inserts for machining and to compare their performance to commercially available tungsten carbide inserts. In this work, a comparison between a conventional Wc-Co insert and NbC-Co inserts was carried out under hard machining conditions on specimens made of 100Cr6 bearing steel grade (SAE 52100).
The wear rates of self-amted alumina couples show that friction as well as wear is largely determined by the above mentioned hydro-thermal conditions. The presence of water and ist amount available in the surrounding system either in liquid or in gaseous from plays a key role for friction and wear behavior and cabe benefical for the tribological profile of steam degradation resistant materials. Hot steam enhances the tribo-chemical formations of oxides and hydroxides on MgO-ZrO2, alumina and antimony impregnated carbon.
The wear rates of self-mated alumina couples show that friction as well as wear is largely determined by the above-mentioned hydro-thermal conditions. The presence of water and its amount available in the surrounding system either in liquid or in gaseous form plays a key role for friction and wear behavior and can be beneficial for the tribological profile of steam degradation resistant materials. Hot steam enhances the tribo-chemical formations of oxides and hydroxides on MgO-ZrO2 alumina and antimony impregnated carbon.
In the present work an approach is presented which combines various aspects of the former models with probability considerations. It is used to simulate the impact of more than one billion Alumina particles onto a steel substrate. This approach permits the simulation of an entire erosion experiment on an average PC within about six hours.
In the present work it was shown that the addition of VC or a combination of VC + Ti(C0.7N0.3) was efficient in reducing the NbC grain growth during liquid phase sintering, when compared to NbC-Ni equivalents. A finest NbC grain size of 1.48 µm was obtained in the NbC-15 Ti(C0.7N0.3)-10 Ni-7.5 VC cermet, exhibiting a hardness of 1486 +/- 7 kg/mm2 and a fracture toughness of 8.7 +/- 0.1 MPa m 1/2.
Niobcarbid (NbC) stellt aufgrund vorteilhafter Eigenschaften, wie zum Beispiel eine geringe Diffusionsneigung, in der Zerspannung eine vielversprechende Alternative zu konventionellen Schneidstoffen wie Wolframcarbid (WC) dar. Als Substitution der Hartstoff-Phase WC im Hartmetall wird NbC in der trockenen Drehbearbeitung von eisen-basierten Werkstoffen untersucht. Diesbezüglich wurden zwei NbC-Substrate mit WC hinsichtlich ihres Werkzeugverschleißes quantitativ verglichen. Im Gegensatz zu WC-Werkzeugen wird das Potential von NbC bei zunehmender Schnittgeschwindigkeit vc durch eine steigende Prozessstabilität deutlich.
Metallurgy and Tribology offer different novel tools for meeting fuel economy targets.
Each of metallurgy, coatings, additives and base oils promote itself as exclusively blessed way to assure fuel economy. It is likely, that two, three or all generate the bigger fuel economy benefits and make the team working difficult for the OEM.
Metallurgy and Tribology enables the implementation of new technologies for waste heat recovery, like hot steam.
In consequence, multi-disciplinary co-engineering needs to be established. Finally, this is the most promising way, but people dislike changes.
Embargo and dual use regulations limits the global availability of thin films and also some alternative steels.
The present paper illuminates the metallurgical progress on niobium carbide based hard metal developments, which are characterized by: a.) the substitution of cobalt binder by nickel, b.) the change from SPS to conventional sintering and c.) by switching from lab to pilot scale. The toughness was increased in the frame of these developments without loosening the hardness level. The hardness-toughness profile of NbC grades match those of WC and cermet grades. Apart from the aforementioned parameters, the properties depend from the powder processing and sintering conditions.
The functional profile of nickel and NiMo bonded NbC versus cobalt bondedWC grades bonded by cobalt and nickel are benchmarked under dry sliding wear (T= 22/400°C; v= 0,1-10 m/s), abrasive wear (G65) and under dry turning and dry milling against different work piece alloys (C45E, 42CrMo4, 300WA, GG35, AlSi9Cu4Mg). The different elements explaining the wear resistance of NbC over WC will be illuminated.
The steam technology has attracted attention for recovering energy from waste heat in transportation systems. 40% of the calorific value of the fuel is wasted through the tailpipe. The use of waste heat recovery systems (WHRS) in cars and especially in trucks corresponds to possible energy savings in terms of less fuel consumption in the range of 7 – 18 %. This relates not only to the savings of fuel but also to the non-production of green house gas CO2. Steam expander form tribosystems, which can´t be lubricated with oils, as hot steam hydro-cracks these fluids. Suited tribomaterials as well as their tribo-oxidatively reaction layers must be first steam degradation resistant and for the tribotesting of such candidate material, tribological testing devices for a hot steam environment are needed. Not much is known so far about the tribological properties of any material system running under pressurized hot steam conditions. For these reasons and for being able to evaluate tribological properties in hot steam, BAM has developed and built a new and sealed tribometer for hot steam allowing evaluating tribological properties up to 700°C and 10 bars in gaseous atmospheres like hot steam or ethanol.
Experimental results on the wear of self-mated aluminum oxide and MgO-ZrO2 couples show that friction as well as wear is largely determined by the above mentioned hydro-thermal conditions. In this system the presence of water and its amount available in the system either in liquid or in gaseous form plays a key role for wear behavior and can beneficial. Ethanol and/or water-ethanol mixtures can form beneficial tribofilms, also on specific diamond-like carbon films.
The present paper illuminates the metallurgical progress on niobium carbide based hard metal developments, which are characterized by: a.) the substitution of cobalt binder by nickel, b.) the change from SPS to conventional sintering and c.) by switching from lab to pilot scale. The toughness was increased in the frame of these develop¬ments without loosening the hardness level. Stoichiometric and sub-stoichiometric, submicron NbC powders were used. The hardness-toughness profile of NbC grades match those of WC and cermet grades. Apart from the aforementioned parameters, the properties depend from the powder processing and sintering conditions. The functional profile of NbC and WC grades bonded by cobalt and nickel are benchmarked by 4-point bending strength, elastic moduli and hot hardness until 1000°C, dry sliding wear (T= 22/400°C; v= 0,1-10 m/s), abrasive wear (G65) and cutting performances under emulsion and coolant-free turning and milling against different alloys (C60, 100Cr6, 42CrMo4, X90CrMoV18, 300WA, GG35).
The present work deals with Niobcarbid (NbC). Strategic reflections on tungsten carbide and more and more stringent toxicological restrictions for cobalt associated for both with spiraling stock market prices have attracted recently some attention for Niobium carbide as a substitute for tungsten carbide in machining.
The present work deals with Niobcarbid (NbC). Strategic reflections on tungsten carbide and more and more stringent toxicological restrictions for cobalt associated for both with spiraling stock market prices have attracted recently some attention for Niobium carbide as a substitute for tungsten carbide in machining.
E5 Tribologie
(2018)