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Organisationseinheit der BAM
Zero wear (Null Verschleiß)
(2013)
The historical development on the discoveries of lubrication regimes for lubricated sliding contacts has been reviewed from the very beginning. It was found that the functional relationship between the coefficient of friction and the product of sliding speed and viscosity divided by the normal load well known as the Stribeck curve has been experimentally explored much earlier by Adolf Martens in 1888 long before Richard Stribeck did his pioneering measurements in 1902. However, basic work in this field of experimental hydrodynamics was done and results were published even earlier than that back in 1854 by Gustave A. Hirn, in 1879 by Robert H. Thurston and in 1883 by Beauchamp Tower.
Zero wear (Null Verschleiß)
(2012)
Recent developments in contact mechanics and microfribology have shown that it is very important to study surface modification effects for quantification of „Zero wear“ (plastic deformation of upper parts of asperities) during sliding friction. The present work considers experimental and Simulation data on the Formation of elastic and plastic contact areas during sliding friction on rough surfaces. The Simulation of discrete contact was carried out using as a source the AFMimages of real surface topography at micro/nanoscale.
The approach for quantification of „zero wear“, proposed here, is not using common Statistical Parameters of roughness, but it considers contact areas on asperities.
In these areas some regions are undergoing plastic deformation which influences surface Transformation during sliding friction. Also, the workhardening effect was taken into account in the Simulation
of sliding friction. This enabled a rnore successful fit of experimental data. The results obtained of the Computer simulations will provide a way of studying friction force at the initial stage of the running-in process.
Stribeck curve
(2014)
The importance of lubricants in virtually all fields of the engineering industry is reflected by an increasing scientific research of the basic principles. Energy efficiency and material saving are just two core objectives of the employment of high-tech lubricants. The encyclopedia presents a comprehensive overview of the current state of knowledge in the realm of lubrication. All the aspects of fundamental data, underlying concepts and use cases, as well as theoretical research and last but not least terminology are covered in hundreds of essays and definitions, authored by experts in their respective fields, from industry and academic institutes.
This paper presents a dry sliding tribo-couple (DLC/monolithic oxide ceramics), where the tribological quantities are more or less in a wide ränge independent of the sliding speed. The DLC film is composed of a specific mixture of sp3 /sp2 hybridized carbon. Self-mated ceramic/ceramic couples of MgO-Zr02, alpha-AI203 or SSiC are with their coefficients of friction above 0.45 not so lubricious, whereas the coefficients of friction of the tribocouples MgO-Zr02/DLC and alpha-AbOVDLC ranged between 0.075 and 0.15 under dry sliding. The coefficients of friction for these tribo-couples tend to decrease with increase sliding speed from 0.03 m/s to 6 m/s. The dry wear rates of the thin film is low (<10‘7 mm3/Nm) and perfectly independent from sliding velocity.
The wear rates of self-mated alumina couples show that friction as well as wear is largely determined by the above-mentioned hydro-thermal conditions. The presence of water and its amount available in the surrounding system either in liquid or in gaseous form plays a key role for friction and wear behavior and can be beneficial for the tribological profile of steam degradation resistant materials. Hot steam enhances the tribo-chemical formations of oxides and hydroxides on MgO-ZrO2 alumina and antimony impregnated carbon.
Self-mated magnesia stabilized zirconia (Mg-PSZ) ceramic sliding couples have been investigated at 100 N load (P0max= 1324 MPa) in oscillating sliding conditions in different humidity conditions in air and in hot steam. Temperatures have been varied up to 400 °C and pressures up to 6 bars. The results show that the wear behavior of MgO-ZrO2 under high Hertzian contact pressures is strongly dependent on temperature and is similar for both dry oscillating and oscillating in hot steam. However, although the evolution in wear rates on temperature is similar and the wear rates of MgO-ZrO2 plunged above 300 °C in hot steam and air by nearly three orders of magnitude, SEM micrographs revealed in hot steam at 400 °C smooth wear tracks. In contrast, hot steam enhanced the tribochemistry of self-mated alumina couples and reduced wear rates. Hot steam decreased the coefficients of friction of MgO-ZrO2 with increasing temperature, but not the wear rates.
The tribological behaviour under dry sliding conditions of Magneli phase Ti4O7 and e-phase Ti2Cr2O7 with α-alumina as a sliding partner has been characterised at room temperature by oscillating sliding. The mechanical properties as well as Vickers hardness measurements do not reveal big differences between the materials, and 4-point bending strengths are around 200 MPa for both materials. Although the friction coefficients are in the medium range of 0.6 and do not differ much between the materials, the wear behaviour is very different. At room temperature, the wear coefficient of Ti2O7 is strongly dependent on relative humidity, and wear is highest under dry conditions when relative humidity is low as it is typically found for many ceramic materials. Ti2Cr2O7 shows remarkably different wear behaviour with the lowest wear in dry conditions. The measured coefficients of wear at low relative humidity of 4% are more than 2 orders of magnitude lower than those for Ti2O7.