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Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (29)
Two different approaches to investigate the local complex conductivity and the surface charge with Scanning Force Microscopy (SFM) techniques are presented. It is shown that the measurement of local electrical properties with SFM leads to interesting information about the composition of electrically heterogeneous surfaces
With an extended contact and non-contact mode scanning force microscope samples with different heterogeneous electrical properties can be characterized. The contact mode method allows the determination of local electric conductivities of heterogeneous systems at the sample surfaces. An interpretation of this behaviour can be obtained in combination with other SFM modes such as topography, friction and compliance used simultaneously. The non-contact mode SFM allows to get more information about the local surface charge of heterogeneous samples. In this paper two new SFM approaches will be discussed on examples of carbon-fibre reinforced, organic and ceramic materials
Das Fließ-Härtungs-Verhalten von Duroplastformmassen wird gegenwärtig nur
unvollständig durch empirische Größen beschrieben. Diese ungenauen und
unsicheren Angaben können zu Schwierigkeiten bei der optimalen Einstellung
der Fertigungsmaschinen des Verarbeiters führen. Insbesondere Veränderungen
der Formmasseeigenschaften während des Transportes und der Lagerung stören
die Produktion. Das vorgestellte Messverfahren mit Ultraschall-sensoren ermöglicht
die schnelle und vollständige Erfassung des Fließ-Härtungs-Verhaltens, auch
während des technologischen Prozesses. Experimentelle Ergebnisse zu
Alterungs-erscheinungen dieser Formmassen illustrieren den Nutzen des
Verfahrens für Formmasse-produzenten und -verarbeiter.
In processing fibre-reinforced composites, the curing reaction can be significantly retarded if the temperature and reaction time are not optimally set. In such situations, complete curing is sometimes impossible under practically relevant conditions. It is difficult for processors to recognize or detect incomplete curing. The equilibrium glass transition temperature plays an important role in complete curing in the production process.
Vernetzen statt Verglasen
(2000)
The curing conditions play an important role in the quality assurance of composite products.
Especially as composite materials are widely used in high tech areas so that they are required to fulfil high quality Standards. Some problems which occur during curing, for instance undercuring, can hardly be detected using Standard NDT investigations, mainly because they are manifested only at high temperatures, particularly close to glass-rubber-transition. On-line eure monitoring has the outstanding advantage that it can monitor the material parameters even at the highest temperatures possible.
In recent years eure monitoring with ultrasonic methods has become more populär. In comparison to dielectric methods mechanical parameters are measured directly. The quantities to be measured are the velocity and the attenuation of the sound wave. On this basis the storage and loss modulus can be calculated. Depending on the form of excitation with longitudinal or transversal waves these moduli are referred to as long wave or shear modulus.
Well developed Computer based technology and sensor materials are available in the non-destructive testing (NDT) market. The measuring equipment employed a commercial NDT System, which worked computer-aided. With a special Software the demands of automatic Operation under industrial conditions was accomplished. This measurement equipment was tested on composites. Its structure, performance and some practical results will be presented in the following paper.