Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (55)
- Vortrag (46)
- Zeitschriftenartikel (35)
- Forschungsbericht (17)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (10)
- Posterpräsentation (9)
Sprache
- Englisch (95)
- Deutsch (76)
- Mehrsprachig (1)
Schlagworte
- VOC (45)
- Bauprodukte (30)
- Geruch (26)
- Emissionen (23)
- Emission test chamber (20)
- SVOC (14)
- BEMMA (11)
- Emission (10)
- Round robin test (10)
- Odour (9)
- Reference material (9)
- VOC emission (7)
- AgBB-Scheme (6)
- Kammermessungen (6)
- Museum (6)
- Perceived intensity (6)
- VOC-emission (6)
- Volatile organic compounds (6)
- AbBB-Schema (5)
- AgBB (5)
- AgBB-Schema (5)
- Blauer Engel (5)
- Chamber test (5)
- Construction product (5)
- Emissions (5)
- Interlaboratory study (5)
- Ringversuch (5)
- Thermal desorption (5)
- Building products (4)
- Emissionskammer (4)
- Geruchsmessung (4)
- Indoor air (4)
- Micro-chamber (4)
- VVOC (4)
- Vitrinen (4)
- Air sampling (3)
- Bewertung (3)
- Bewertung Emissionen (3)
- Biocides (3)
- Building material (3)
- CO2 assisted impregnation (3)
- Emission testing (3)
- Emissionsmesskammern (3)
- Emissionsmessungen (3)
- GC/MS (3)
- ISO 16000-6 (3)
- Kammerverfahren (3)
- Laborvergleich (3)
- Odour evaluation (3)
- Perceived air quality (3)
- QA/QC (3)
- VOC-Emission (3)
- VOC-Emissionen (3)
- VOCs (3)
- Acceptability (2)
- Bauprodukt (2)
- Biocide (2)
- Blue Angel (2)
- Building materials (2)
- Bürogeräte (2)
- Chamber tests (2)
- Construction products (2)
- Copiers (2)
- Display case (2)
- Dust (2)
- Dämmstoffe (2)
- EN-Standards (2)
- Emission tests (2)
- Emissions testing (2)
- Emissionsmessung (2)
- Empfundene Intensität (2)
- External quality management system (2)
- FEM model (2)
- GC-ODP (2)
- Gas mixing device (2)
- Geruchstest (2)
- Harmonisation (2)
- Hedonic tone (2)
- Hedonik (2)
- Interlaboratory comparison (2)
- Labelsysteme (2)
- Laserdrucker (2)
- Material emission (2)
- Messmethoden (2)
- Normung (2)
- Odour measurement (2)
- Odour standard of comparison (2)
- Ozone (2)
- Partikelemissionen (2)
- Perceived Intensity (2)
- Perceived odour intensity (2)
- Printers (2)
- Product emission testing (2)
- Proficiency testing (2)
- Präventive Konservierung (2)
- Radon (2)
- Reference materials (2)
- Referenzmaterial (2)
- SDVB-polymer (2)
- Standardisation (2)
- Tenax thermal desorption (2)
- VOC Emissionen (2)
- VOC analysis (2)
- Acetic acid (1)
- Acetic and formic acid (1)
- Acrylic and silicone sealant (1)
- Adsorptive wall material (1)
- AgBB Bewertung (1)
- AgBB scheme (1)
- AgBB-scheme (1)
- Air (1)
- Assessment of emissions from materials for museum equipment (1)
- Assessment procedure (1)
- Ausstellungsvitrinen (1)
- BEMMA Bewertung (1)
- BEMMA display case (1)
- Bewertungsverfahren (1)
- Bio-based insulation (1)
- Biocidal products (1)
- Biocides directive (1)
- Bodenbelag (1)
- Bodenbeläge (1)
- Building product (1)
- Bürogeräte mit Druckfunktion (1)
- Bürogeräte mit Laserdruckfunktion (1)
- Capsules (1)
- Carbograph 5TD (1)
- Carbopack X (1)
- Carbotrap 300 (1)
- Cellulose ether (1)
- Chamber copmparison (1)
- Chamber study (1)
- Chamber-test (1)
- Chemische Emissionen (1)
- Climate control device (1)
- Conductivity (1)
- Construction products directive (1)
- Consumer products (1)
- Corrosion (1)
- Coverings (1)
- DNPH (1)
- Detection of formic and acetic acid (1)
- Directive (1)
- Dispay case (1)
- Display cases (1)
- Drucker (1)
- Dynamic calibration gas mixtures (1)
- Dynamic gas generation (1)
- Earthen building materials (1)
- Emission reference material (1)
- Emission test (1)
- Emission test chambers (1)
- Emissionsarme Vitrine (1)
- Emissionsarme Vitrinen (1)
- Emissionsmesskammer (1)
- Emitting reference material (1)
- Environmental exposure assessment (1)
- Environmental label (1)
- Environmental sign (1)
- Essigsäure (1)
- Ethanol (1)
- Evaluation (1)
- Evaluation system (1)
- Evaporation (1)
- Fatty acid (1)
- Feine und ultrafeine Partikel (1)
- Floor coverings (1)
- Flooring material (1)
- Flüchtige Emission (1)
- Formaldehyde (1)
- Formic acid (1)
- Framework (1)
- Gas atmosphere (1)
- Gas mixing system (1)
- Gas sensor (1)
- Geruchsmessungen (1)
- Hardcopy device (1)
- Hardcopygerät (1)
- Health assessment (1)
- Health care (1)
- Hedonic (1)
- Hexanal (1)
- Hydrocarbon (1)
- Indoor material emissions (1)
- Innenraum (1)
- Innenraumluftqualtität (1)
- Insulation material (1)
- Inter laboratory study (1)
- Inter-laboratory study (1)
- Kleinklimagerät (1)
- Kohlenwasserstoff (1)
- Kopierer (1)
- Label (1)
- Labeling (1)
- Labelling (1)
- Labelling scheme (1)
- Labelling schemes (1)
- Labelling systems (1)
- Laboratory studies (1)
- Lacquers (1)
- Leaching procedure (1)
- Low VOC concentrations (1)
- Low gas concentrations (1)
- MVOC (microbial volatile organic compounds) (1)
- Material emissions (1)
- Material labelling (1)
- Measurements (1)
- Methanol (1)
- Microbiological contamination (1)
- Museumsvitrine (1)
- Museumsvitrinen (1)
- Natural materials (1)
- OSB (1)
- Oddy test (1)
- Odor (1)
- Odour assessment (1)
- Odour intensity (1)
- Odour labelling (1)
- Olfactory detection port (1)
- Organic acids (1)
- Oxidation products (1)
- Ozon (1)
- PUF (1)
- Paints (1)
- Partikelemission (1)
- Perceived Air Quality (1)
- Perceived air-quality (1)
- Phthalate (1)
- Poficiency test (1)
- Pollutant (1)
- Polymer (1)
- Polymer material (1)
- Polymeric material (1)
- Polyurethane foam (1)
- Probenahmebehälter (1)
- Product certification (1)
- Product labelling (1)
- Produkttypischer Geruch (1)
- Proficiency Test (1)
- Profiling (1)
- Protection of cultural object (1)
- Prüfverfahren (1)
- Quality assurance (1)
- Quality control (1)
- Quantification of formic and acetic acid (1)
- RAL UZ (1)
- RAL-UZ 122 (1)
- Reasonability (1)
- Reference odour (1)
- Richtlinie (1)
- Round robin (1)
- Rround robin test (1)
- SDVB polymer (1)
- Saturated and unsaturated aldehyde (1)
- Schadstoff (1)
- Schadstoffe (1)
- Schimmelpilze (1)
- Semi volatile organic compounds (1)
- Semivolatile organic compounds (1)
- Sensor system (1)
- Sensor systems (1)
- Sensorik (1)
- Sensorsystem (1)
- Sensory evaluation (1)
- Sensory tests (1)
- Showcase (1)
- Simulated rain (1)
- Sorption flux (1)
- Sources/emissions (1)
- Standardization (1)
- Staub (1)
- Test method (1)
- Test method validation (1)
- Test procedure (1)
- Test procedures (1)
- Testing method (1)
- Testing using sensors (1)
- Thermal extraction (1)
- Umweltzeichen (1)
- VOC emissions (1)
- VOC gas mixtures (1)
- VVOCs (1)
- Verpackungsmaterialien (1)
- Very volatile organic compounds (1)
- Vitrine (1)
- Volatile emission (1)
- Volatile organic compound (1)
- Water (1)
- Wood (1)
- Wood preservatives (1)
- Wood-based product (1)
- sensory evaluation of building materials and rooms (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (46)
Since semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs), including biocides and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), occur indoors as well as outdoors, air sampling adsorbents and measuring methods for all these compounds are indispensable. This paper presents the initial steps in the development of such a method, the aim of which is the analysis of selected compounds in the above-mentioned classes using low air sampling volumes and air-exchange rates close to zero, as is common in museum showcases. For measurements under easily controlled conditions, a micro-chamber system was used at different temperatures. A surface modified styrene divinylbenzene (SDVB) polymer was selected as the air sampling adsorbent for the elution experiments. After successfully performing pretests using the micro-chamber system with target compound solutions, the emissions of these compounds from self-soaked wood samples and con-taminated wood samples were investigated for method development.
Ein Ringversuch ist eine Methode der externen Qualitätssicherung für sowohl Messverfahren als auch die Eignung von Mess- und Prüflaboratorien. Dabei werden möglichst identische Proben mit identischen Verfahren oder mit unterschiedlichen Verfahren untersucht. Die Teilnahme an Ringversuchen ist für alle akkreditierten Laboratorien ein wesentlicher Baustein der institutsinternen und -externen Qualitätssicherung. Je mehr Faktoren Einfluss auf das Endergebnis haben können, desto wichtiger ist es diese Faktoren zu kennen und deren Einflüsse durch weitestgehende Vergleichbarkeit der Messverfahren zu minimieren.
Für die Bewertung von Emissionen aus Bauprodukten haben sich Emissionsmess-kammer-Untersuchungen als Messverfahren etabliert. Um den Geruch auch für Innenraumanwendungen bewertbar zu machen sind in den letzten Jahren erste Normen entstanden (z. B. DIN ISO 16000-28 und VDI 4302-1). Um die Eignung dieser Normen und deren Anwendung zu untersuchen sind seit 2012 nunmehr 3 Ringversuche der BAM auch zum Thema Geruch durchgeführt worden.
Die bislang durchgeführten Ringversuche mit dem Ziel der Geruchsbewertung wiesen Standardabweichungen von ca. 24 bis 30 % um den jeweiligen Mittelwert auf und wiesen somit ähnliche Werte auf, die auch bei den VOC-Vergleichen ermittelt wurden. Diese Entwicklungen werden hier aufgezeigt.
Most VVOC were rarely considered in the evaluation of construction products. (Salthammer, 2014) In Germany this will change because the latest version of the German AgBB scheme for health evaluation (2015) now include VVOC, e.g. ethyl acetate and ethanol. In this study selected compounds were tested with the procedure described in ISO 16017 and a method for measuring VVOC with thermal desorption was developed.
Three different adsorbents Tenax TA, Carbograph 5TD and Carbopack X were tested to analyse VVOC according to ISO 16017. For the tested VVOC, Carbograph 5TD showed the best results under the chosen analytical conditions.
Odours might cause offensive nuisance and are under suspicion to be directly harmful to health. Surprisingly their assessment is by definition no part of the determination of indoor air quality (yet). As odours emit from building materials as well as from common consumer goods the users awareness increases continuously and demand for improved consumer protection raises. In comparison to well established methods for the determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in the air, there is little experience regarding the applicability, comparability and reproducibility of odour measurements. Considering this, the international and the German standardisation take into account odour assessment, e.g. ISO 16000-28 and VDI 4302-1.
In Germany the AgBB-Scheme is a mandatory tool for the evaluation of building products and it is intended to implement odour measurement into it. Initially and essentially the newly developed method had to be put to test involving institutes that deal with VOC measurements. To test the applicability of the method an interlaboratory test was conducted. The results and identified potential improvements are presented in this study (Brosig, 2013).
With a gas mixing system (GMS) developed in our laboratory we created a gas mixture of
four substances. Adsorptive wall materials of four different compositions were exposed to this
gas mixture, consisting of 1-pentanol, hexanal, butyl acetate and n-decane. Aim of this study
was to scrutinize the ability of these samples to reduce the concentration of the supplied gas.
This capacity is expressed in the sorption flux F or area specific adsorption rate respectively.
The test was performed referring to a draft of ISO 16000-24.
Emission testing of products is currently a rapidly increasing field of measurement activity. Labelling procedures for construction products are based on such emission test chamber measurements and hence measurement performance should be verified. A suited procedure for this purpose is the testing of one unique homogenous material in different laboratories within a Round Robin Test (RRT). Therefore, it is useful to have a reference material which can be used within inter-laboratory studies or as part of the quality management system to ensure comparable results. Several approaches on the development of reproducibly emitting materials have been published. These have in common only to emit a single VOC – toluene. Two further research studies carried out by BAM aimed to develop reference material for emissions testing containing one or more VOC in a single material. The first approach was a doped lacquer with Volatile and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC/SVOC) and the second was Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU) or a Squalane/Paraffin mixture. Results received with the lacquer based material were presented in more detail.
Cellulose ethers, like methyl cellulose (MC) or hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC), are widely used in conservation. They also occur as additives and rheology modifiers in various products like dispersions or gels. Do such products release harmful volatile organic compounds (VOC) during their accelerated aging? A mass testing series utilizing the Oddy test of 60 commercial cellulose ethers ranks the products in safe for permanent use (P, no corrosion), only for temporary use (T, slight corrosion), and unsuitable at all (F, heavy corrosion). Results show that 55% of the products passed the test whereas 33% are for temporary use as slight corrosion occurred on at least one metal coupon and only 11% failed the Oddy test. Raman measurements of the corrosion products identified oxides like massicot, litharge, cuprite, and tenorite among carbonates (hydrocerussite, plumbonacrite), and acetates like basic lead acetate, lead acetate trihydrate as well as lead formate as main phases. For example, commercial, industrial Klucel® G (HPC) scored a T rating through slight corrosion on the lead coupon. Basic lead acetate among other phases indicates the presence of acetic acid. Additional measurements of the sample with thermal desorption GC–MS utilizing the BEMMA scheme confirm the high acetic acid outgassing and reveal the presence of a small amount of formaldehyde.