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Organisationseinheit der BAM
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (6)
TEM study on the effect of machining on the microstructure of a soft magnetic Ni76Fe17Cu5CrMo2 alloy
(1991)
Phasenbildung in Metall-Halbleiterkontaktschichten und Präparationstechnik für TEM-Untersuchung
(1995)
An extended model of the tension-compression asymmetry of single crystal nickel-base superalloys
(1996)
Interrupted LCF-tests at 850 deg C for Inconel 738LC have been carried out and the specimens have been intensively examined by REM to quantify the evolution of fatigue damage. Surface crack nucleation at oxidatized grain boundaries and coalescence of neighboring flaws occurred during the whole experiment. An anomalous fast single crack growth is observed just after nucleation, followed by a relative stagnation of the propagation in absence of coalescence. A statistical model is proposed that describes these pheonmena. It leads to an integro-differential equation for the crack density f(c,n) after n cycles, similar to the Bolzmann equation which describes the collision of molecules in a dilute gas.
The role of grain size and ferrite substructure in respect to mechanical properties of an HSLA steel
(1986)
Several heat treatments were applied to an HSLA steel on type StE460 (German standard) to produce four ferrite substructures of different strength and at least two different grain sizes respectively. Whereas the ferrite substructure has a strong influence on yield strength the effect of grain size was negligible though probably to some extent masked by different pearlite volume fractions. The different strength levels could be explained by regarding the arrangement of dislocations and vanadium carbonitride particles and their mutual interaction. Increasing both grain size and pearlite volume fraction leads to a remarkable shift of transition temperature T sub 27J which was further enhanced by increasing ferrite strength. 16 ref.--AA
Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and focused beam microdiffraction, was applied to study the solid-state reactions taking place during contact formation of the system Ge(115 nm)/Pd(50 nm)In0.53Ga0.47As. In order to get information about the sequence of the different processes, rapid thermal, annealing experiments in the range 225400 °C were performed. The following features were observed: at 225 °C Pd reacted with the substrate forming the quaternary phase PdxIn0.53Ga0.47As (x 4), and with the Ge-layer forming mainly PdGe and Pd2Ge. Between PdxIn0.53Ga0.47As and In0.53Ga0.47As, a 5 nm thick amorphous Pd-In-Ga-As layer remained, indicating that the first reaction step was solid-state amorphization. After annealing at 350 °C, PdxIn0.53Ga0.47As disappeared and regrowth of In0.53Ga0.47As occured. Finally, at 400 °C, residual Ge from the amorphous top layer diffused to the interface and grew epitaxially on the regrown In0.53Ga0.47As, thus separating the IIIV compound semiconductor from the Pd-Ge reaction products. The interface remained flat, while only about 10 nm of the active In0.53Ga0.47As layer had been modified during the annealing processes.
Transmission electron microscopy study of rapid thermally annealed Pd/Ge contacts on IN0.53Ga0.47As
(1996)
8 wt% Y2O3-ZrO2 spray powder and thermally sprayed as thermal barrier coatings on outer air seals were characterized by Raman microprobe spectroscopy (RMS) and transmission electron microscopy to investigate the lateral distribution, composition, structure and grain size of ZrO2 phases and to separate ZrO2 and Y2O3. RMS of transfer layers on ZrO2-coated shrouds after rub tests against SiC laser-tipped metallic blades showed the formation of metallic oxides MeIMeII2O4 of spinel type. Wear tracks were partly covered by graphite and spinel-type oxides. In some cases, the latter were better detectable after laser enhanced cleaning by burning off the covering carbon layer.
An attempt was undertaken to obtain a better understanding of the tribological properties of two wear-resistant coatings on tool steel by structural and microchemical analysis of wear particles using a transmission electron microscope. Coatings were deposited by physical vapor deposition and plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition techniques and tribological properties were derived from reciprocating sliding tests of the coatings against alumina balls. Three types of wear particles were identified by electron diffraction and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy: nanocrystalline rutile (TiO2), nanocrystalline graphite and microcrystalline graphite. Low coefficients of friction, of the order of 0.2, were attributed to the formation of solid lubricant films of sub-stoichiometric TiO2-x Magnéli phases and/or graphite.
XTEM and TFXRD investigations of ohmic Ti/Al/Ti/Au/WSiN contacts on AlGaN/GaN HFET layer systems
(2002)
The microstructural features of the high-temperature-stable ohmic contact system Ti/Al/Ti/Au/WSiN on AlGaN/GaN were investigated using analytical transmission electron microscopy and thin film x-ray diffraction. For two typical rapid thermal annealing steps at 750 °C (non-ohmic behaviour) and 850 °C (ohmic behaviour) the intermetallic phases at the metal-semiconductor interface are presented. Increased annealing leads to the transformation of an Al2Au-AlAuTi phase mixture to a mixture of Al2Au-Al3Au8 phases and the formation of Ti-Al-nitride layers at the interfaces. In light of these results the electrical contact properties are discussed.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) were used to study the formation of AlN films by N+2 ion implantation of aluminium at energies of 3 keV and 100 keV. In both cases, a two-stage mechanism was found, comprising first the oriented precipitation of small particles of the hexagonal AlN-phase, followed by growth and coalescence finally forming a continuous AlN-layer while increasing the implantation dose from 1×1017 cm-2 to 2×1017 cm-2. The results of both methods are in excellent agreement and furthermore provide complementary information concerning chemical composition and binding energies as well as microstructural details.
Different wear-resistant coatings produced by physical vapour deposition (PVD) were characterized with the aid of cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM). All coating systems were optimized by the producers and exhibited good properties with respect to their special applications. The microstructure, texture and chemical composition of binary and ternary systems produced by the arc process [TiN, CrN, Cr2N (Ti, Cr)N on steel substrates] and magnetron sputtering process [TiN, CrN on steel substrates, (Ti, Al)N on Si-substrate] were investigated. All coatings had a more or less columnar microstructure, which was interrupted by interlayers in some cases. Whereas arc coatings always did show some kind of substrate modification, the latter was not observed after magnetron sputtering. Electron diffraction normally revealed a mono-phase fcc structure, except at sites very near to the interface. Only for the systems CrN and (Ti, Cr)N were different additional phases observed at low nitrogen partial pressures.
The formation of a third body layer on a conventional friction material during braking tests was studied in some detail using TEM, SEM, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) techniques. Plate shaped micro-contact areas representing a compositional mix of all components of the tribocouple and exhibiting a nanocry stalline microstructure were identified after a run-in period.