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- Speciation (4)
- Gadolinium-based contrast agents (3)
- Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) (3)
- Berlin tap water (2)
- Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (2)
- Internal standard (2)
- Gadolinium-uptake (1)
- HILIC (1)
- ICP-MS (1)
- Inductively coupled plasmamass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (1)
- Mehr-Proben-Kleb-Vorrichtung (1)
- Plants (1)
- Schälwiderstand (1)
- Surface water (1)
- Verbundfestigkeit (1)
- Zentrifugen-Technologie (1)
Zur Bewertung der Klebkraft von Klebebändern werden üblicherweise die Prüfungen zur Bestimmung des Schälwiderstandes (in N/25 mm) mit 90° bzw. 180° Abzugswinkel unter Verwendung einer Zugprüfmaschine (ZP) herangezogen, Für die hier gezeigten Beispiele wurde dabei eine V2A-Prüfplatte (Ra = 0,15 pm), ein Abzugswinkel von 90° und eine Abzugsgeschwindigkeit von 300 mm/min verwendet.
Alternativ wurde der Versuch unternommen, die Klebkraft von Klebebändern durch die Prüfung der Verbundfestigkeit (in N/mm2) mittels Zentrifugen-Technologie (ZT) zu bestimmen. Dazu wurden beidseitig klebende Klebeband-Pads einer Abmessung von (10x10) mm2 zunächst auf V2A-Stahlsubstrate aufgebracht und anschließend dann auf diese modulare Prüfstempel (Klebfläche aus V2A, 0=10 mm; Massekörper
aus Cu) aufgesetzt. In Abb. 1 sind Beispiele von Versagensformen, wie sie nach der Prüfung der Verbundfestigkeit mittels ZT auftreten können, dargestellt.
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were optimised for the direct determination of gadolinium-based contrast agents in tap water. In comparison to our previous work, a new developed zwitterionic HILIC column (ZIC-cHILIC) was used for speciation of Gd-containing contrast agents. The limit of quantification (LOQ) for the five contrast agents Gd-BOPTA, Gd-DPTA-BMA, Gd-BT-DO3A, Gd-DOTA and Gd-DTPA are in the range of 512 ng Gd per litre. Additionally, a new internal standard, Pr-DOTA, was investigated to correct intensity drifts, minor and major changes in the sample volumes and possible matrix effects. With the speciation method described, tap water samples from the area of Berlin were analysed and for the first time, three Gd species, Gd-BT-DO3A, Gd-DOTA and Gd-BOPTA, were found in tap water samples at concentrations of about 10–20 ng Gd per litre. These are the same Gd species which have been previously detected predominantly in surface waters of the Berlin area.
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was optimized for speciation analysis of gadolinium-based contrast agents in environmental samples, in particular surface river waters and plants. Surface water samples from the Teltow channel, near Berlin, were investigated over a distance of 5 km downstream from the influx of a wastewater treatment plant. The total concentration of gadolinium increased significantly from 50 to 990 ngL-1 due to the influx of the contrast agents. After complete mixing with the river water, the concentration remained constant over a distance of at least 4 km. Two main substances [Dotarem® (Gd-DOTA) and Gadovist® (Gd-BT-DO3A)] have been identified in the river water using standards. A gadolinium-based contrast agent, possibly Gd-DOTA (Dotarem®), was also detected in water plant samples taken from the Teltow channel. Therefore, uptake of contrast agents [Gadovist® (Gd-BTDO3A), Magnevist® (Gd-DTPA), Omniscan® (Gd-DTPA-BMA), Dotarem® (Gd-DOTA), and Multihance® (Gd-BOPTA)] by plants was investigated in a model experiment using Lepidium sativum (cress plants). HILICICP-MS was used for identification of different contrast agents, and a first approach for quantification using aqueous standard solutions was tested. For speciation analysis, all investigated contrast agents could be extracted from the plant tissues with a recovery of about 54 % for Multihance® (Gd-BOPTA) up to 106 % for Gadovist® (Gd-BT-DO3A). These experiments demonstrate that all contrast agents investigated are transported from the roots to the leaves where the highest content was measured.
HILIC-ICP-MS Speziation of Gadolinium containing contrast agents in surface water samples and plants
(2013)
Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) were optimised for the direct determination of gadolinium-based contrast agents in tap water. With the speciation method described, tap water samples from the area of Berlin were analysed and for the first time, three Gd species, Gd-BT-DO3A, Gd-DOTA and Gd-BOPTA, were found in tap water samples at concentrations of about 10–20 ng Gd per litre. These are the same Gd species which have been previously detected predominantly in surface waters of the Berlin area.