Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (85)
- Vortrag (67)
- Beitrag zu einem Sammelband (12)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (11)
- Posterpräsentation (4)
- Buchkapitel (1)
- Dissertation (1)
- Sonstiges (1)
Schlagworte
- Mikroplastik (32)
- Microplastics (22)
- Analytik (15)
- TED-GC-MS (14)
- Fire retardancy (12)
- Microplastic (12)
- Flame retardancy (9)
- Analysis (8)
- Pyrolysis (8)
- Flame retardance (7)
- TED-GC/MS (7)
- Cone Calorimeter (6)
- Cone calorimeter (6)
- Degradation (5)
- PA 66 (5)
- Red Phosphorus (5)
- Soil (5)
- Composites (4)
- Epoxy resin (4)
- Flammability (4)
- Polymere (4)
- Standardisation (4)
- TG-FTIR (4)
- Thermische Analyse (4)
- Thermogravimetric analysis (4)
- Thermosets (4)
- Aktivkohle (3)
- GC-MS (3)
- HIPS (3)
- Harmonisation (3)
- LOI (3)
- Metal phosphinate (3)
- Nanocomposite (3)
- Nanocomposites (3)
- Polyester (3)
- Polymers (3)
- Polypropylene (3)
- Polystyrene (3)
- Solid-phase extraction (3)
- TGA-FTIR (3)
- Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) (3)
- Thermogravimetrie (3)
- Umwelt (3)
- Additives (2)
- Adsorption (2)
- Aryl phosphate (2)
- Central venous access port (2)
- Chemometrics (2)
- Complication (2)
- Curing kinetics (2)
- DOPO (2)
- DSC (2)
- Encapsulation foil (2)
- Environment (2)
- Epoxy (2)
- FTIR (2)
- Fire behaviour (2)
- Flame Retardants (2)
- Flame retardants (2)
- Fracture toughness (2)
- Gas chromatography (2)
- Hamonisierung (2)
- High performance polymers (2)
- ICP-MS (2)
- Intumescence (2)
- Mass spectrometry (2)
- Metal oxide (2)
- Metal oxide particles (2)
- Mg(OH)2 (2)
- Mikroplastik-Massengehalte (2)
- Monitoring (2)
- NIR (2)
- PBT (2)
- PLS-DA (2)
- Phosphinate (2)
- Poly(butylene terephthalate) (2)
- Polyethylene (2)
- Polymer (2)
- Probenahme (2)
- Probennnahme (2)
- Red phosphorus (2)
- Reifenabrieb (2)
- Sampling (2)
- Sampling techniques (2)
- Snail trails (2)
- Solid-state NMR (2)
- Sorption (2)
- Spectroscopy (2)
- Standarisierung (2)
- TG-MS (2)
- TGA-MS (2)
- Thermal analysis (2)
- Thermoanalyse (2)
- Thermogravimetry (2)
- Trinkwasser (2)
- WPC (2)
- Water (2)
- Abwasser (1)
- Accelerated aging (1)
- Advanced wastewater treatment (1)
- Ag contact finger (1)
- Aging (1)
- Aluminium phosphinate (1)
- Aluminum diethylphosphinate (1)
- Aluminum phosphinate (1)
- Ammonium Polyphosphate (1)
- Ammonium polyphosphate (1)
- Analyse (1)
- Analysis and identification (1)
- Asphalt (1)
- Aufbereitung (1)
- Autoclave test (1)
- Automation (1)
- BTEX (1)
- Back-sheet foil (1)
- Belebtschlamm (1)
- Biogasanlage (1)
- Biological techniques (1)
- Biosomposites (1)
- Boehmite (1)
- Böden (1)
- COVID-19 (1)
- Carbamazepin (1)
- Carbon multiwall nanotube (MWNT) (1)
- Catheters (1)
- Cationic photocuring (1)
- Cell cracks (1)
- Cellular uptake (1)
- Chemotherapy (1)
- Colour center (1)
- Compost (1)
- Cone Caorimeter (1)
- Coronavirus (1)
- Crosslinking (1)
- Cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (1)
- Decking boards (1)
- Decompositiion pathways (1)
- Decomposition (1)
- Density separation (1)
- Detektion (1)
- Diethylaluminium phosphinate (1)
- Difenoconazole (1)
- Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (1)
- Disflamoll TP LXS 51064 (1)
- Dynamic scanning calorimetry (1)
- ELISA (1)
- EVA (1)
- Electron radiation (1)
- Environmental Science (1)
- Epoxidharz (1)
- Epoxy conversion degree (1)
- Epoxy resins (1)
- Evolved gas analysis (1)
- Expandable Graphite (1)
- Exploratory analysis (1)
- FTIR imaging (1)
- Fire Retardancy (1)
- Fire residue (1)
- Fire retardance (1)
- Fire retardant (1)
- Flame Retardancy (1)
- Flame retarded polymers (1)
- Flammschutzmittel (1)
- Flax (1)
- Fourier transform infrared - attenuated total reflexion (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy (1)
- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Fourier-transform infrared (1)
- Freshwater matrices (1)
- Fungal decay (1)
- Gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (1)
- Geringe Partikelfrachten (1)
- Halogen free (1)
- Harmonisierung (1)
- High oxygen pressure (1)
- High tmeperature polyamide 6T/DT (1)
- Identification and quantification of polymers (1)
- In situ near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy (1)
- Incoming goods control (1)
- Infection (1)
- Infrarotspektroskopie (1)
- Ingestion (1)
- Insoluble content (1)
- Interlaboratory comparison (1)
- Irradiation (1)
- Kleine Partikel (1)
- Klärschlamm (1)
- Kompost (1)
- Kunststoff (1)
- LC-UV (1)
- Layered silicate (1)
- Lineare Aufheizung (1)
- MCC (1)
- Magnesium hydroxide (1)
- Mass content (1)
- Mechanical testing (1)
- Melamine Polyphosphate (1)
- Melamine borate (1)
- Melamine polyphosphate (1)
- Memory effect (1)
- Metal oxide nanocomposite (1)
- Metal-free crosslinking (1)
- Metformin (1)
- Microfibre (1)
- Microplastic particles (1)
- Microscopy (1)
- Mikroplasik (1)
- Mikroplastik-Analyse (1)
- Misidentification (1)
- Modelling (1)
- Molecular modeling (1)
- Multivariat (1)
- NIR spectroscopy (1)
- Nanoparticles (1)
- Near Infrared Spectroscopy (1)
- Near-infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Normung (1)
- Online Prozesskontrolle (1)
- Organische Schadstoffe (1)
- Organo-phosphorus compounds (1)
- Organoclay (1)
- Organophosphorus-containing epoxy resin (1)
- Outdoor (1)
- PC blend (1)
- PC/ABS (1)
- PE-RT (1)
- PET (1)
- PLSR (1)
- PP/Flax Biocomposite (1)
- Phosphinates (1)
- Phosphorus (1)
- Phosphorus-modified polysulfone (1)
- Photoluminescence spectroscopy (1)
- Photovoltaic cell encapsulation (1)
- Plastic debris (1)
- Plastics (1)
- Poloxazolines (1)
- Poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) (1)
- Poly(ethylenterephthalat) (PET) (1)
- Polyamide 6,6 (1)
- Polycarbonate (PC) (1)
- Polyethylen (PE) (1)
- Polymeranalytik (1)
- Polymere Eigenschaften (1)
- Polymeric material (1)
- Polypeptoid (1)
- Polypropylen Polystyrol (1)
- Polystyrol (PS) (1)
- Polysulfones (1)
- Powdered activated carbon (1)
- Prepreg (1)
- Propargyl (1)
- Protein corona (1)
- Pulveraktivkohle (1)
- Quality (1)
- Raman imaging (1)
- Raman spectroscopy (1)
- Real-time infrared spectroscopy (1)
- Reference material (1)
- Renewable resources (1)
- Resins (1)
- Rheometer (1)
- Roter Phosphor (1)
- SEC (1)
- SEM/EDX (1)
- Sedimenttaionskasten (1)
- Sensor (1)
- Sewage treatment plant (1)
- Silicone rubber (SiR) (1)
- Silver nanoparticles (1)
- Sportböden (1)
- Stability (1)
- Steam sterilization (1)
- Structure propertyrelationship (1)
- Support vector machines (1)
- Suspended organic matter (1)
- TDS-GC-MS (1)
- TED (1)
- Theory and modeling (1)
- Thermal Degradation (1)
- Thermal decomposition (1)
- Thermal degradation (1)
- Thermal desorption (1)
- Thermal extraction-desorption gas chromatography mass spectrometry (1)
- Thermal properties (1)
- Thermische Degradation (1)
- Thermische Extraktion (1)
- Thermo-oxidation (1)
- Thermoanalysis (1)
- Thermoanalytical (1)
- Thermoanalytik (1)
- Thermoanalytische Verfahren (1)
- Thermoplasten (1)
- Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) (1)
- Thrombosis (1)
- Tire Wear (1)
- Tire particles (1)
- Tire wear (1)
- Tire wear particles (1)
- UHMWPE (1)
- UL94 (1)
- Urban (1)
- Wasseraufbereitung (1)
- Wasserwirtschaft (1)
- Wastewater-based epidemiology (1)
- Water management (1)
- Weathering (1)
- Weathering resistance (1)
- Wood-plastic composite (1)
- Wood-plastic composite (WPC) (1)
- Wood-plastic composites (1)
- Wood-plastic composites (WPC) (1)
- Yellowness index (1)
- Zinc analysis (1)
- Zinc borate (1)
- compost (1)
- in situ template (NaCl) (1)
- macroporous carbon (1)
- microplastics, sampling, sampling techniques, water (1)
- synthesize heteroatom (1)
- thermal decomposition (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 6 Materialchemie (47)
- 6.6 Physik und chemische Analytik der Polymere (47)
- 1 Analytische Chemie; Referenzmaterialien (8)
- 5 Werkstofftechnik (6)
- 5.3 Polymere Verbundwerkstoffe (6)
- 1.4 Prozessanalytik (4)
- 1.7 Organische Spuren- und Lebensmittelanalytik (4)
- 4 Material und Umwelt (2)
- 4.3 Schadstofftransfer und Umwelttechnologien (2)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (2)
Paper des Monats
- ja (2)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (67)
Highly soluble 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide-(DOPO)-based diamino hardener (2), bearing its amino groups directly on the DOPO framework, is investigated with respect to its use as a reactive flame retardant in thermosets. A mechanism for decomposition of the corresponding phosphorus-modified epoxy resin system based on a diglycidylether of bisphenol A DGEBA and 2 (DGEBA/2) is proposed and compared to the systems using DGEBA and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfon (DGEBA/DDS) and to a similar system based on the structurally comparable non-reactive DOPO-based compound (DGEBA/DDS/1). Additive 1 changed the decomposition characteristics of the epoxy resin only slightly and phosphorus was released. Incorporating 2 induces two-step decomposition and most of the phosphorus remains in the residue. Furthermore, the fire behaviour of neat epoxy resin systems and a representative carbon fibre-reinforced composite based on DGEBA, DDS and 2 (DGEBA/DDS/2) were examined and compared to that of the analogous composite systems based on DGEBA/DDS and DGEBA/DDS/1. Based on different flame retardancy mechanisms both the reactive compound 2 and the additive compound 1 improve flammability (increase in LOI >13% and achieving V-1 behaviour) of the epoxy resin and composites. Under forced flaming only the flame inhibition of the additive compound 1 acts sufficiently. Lastly, the superior key mechanical properties of the epoxy resin and composite based on 2 are sketched.
A novel phosphorus-modified polysulfone (P-PSu) was employed as a combined toughness modifier and a source of flame retardancy for a DGEBA/DDS thermosetting system. In comparison to the results of a commercially available polysulfone (PSu), commonly used as a toughness modifier, the chemorheological changes during curing measured by means of temperature-modulated DSC revealed an earlier occurrence of mobility restrictions in the P-PSu-modified epoxy. A higher viscosity and secondary epoxy-modifier reactions induced a sooner vitrification of the reacting mixture; effects that effectively prevented any phase separation and morphology development in the resulting material during cure. Thus, only about a 20% increase in fracture toughness was observed in the epoxy modified with 20 wt.% of P-PSu, cured under standard conditions at 180 °C for 2 h. Blends of the phosphorus-modified and the standard polysulfone (PSu) were also prepared in various mixing ratios and were used to modify the same thermosetting system. Again, no evidence for phase separation of the P-PSu was found in the epoxy modified with the P-PSu/PSu blends cured under the selected experimental conditions. The particular microstructures formed upon curing these novel materials are attributed to a separation of PSu from a miscible P-PSuepoxy mixture. Nevertheless, the blends of P-PSu/PSu were found to be effective toughness/flame retardancy enhancers owing to the simultaneous microstructure development and polymer interpenetration.
Im Vorhaben „MARKERIA - Bestimmung von anthropogenen Markerkonzentrationen für die SARS-CoV-2 Quantifizierung mittels eines Hochdurchsatzverfahrens (ELISA)“ geht es um die Bestimmung von Carbamazepin, Diclofenac, Koffein und einer endogenen Gallensäure als potentielle Marker für die Kalibrierung der SARS-CoV-2 Quantifizierung im Abwasser. Es ist ein Teilvorhaben des übergeordneten Projektes ESI-CorA und wird von der BAM im Auftrag des Umweltbundesamtes durchgeführt. Der Vortrag wurde gehalten im Rahmen der Abschlussveranstaltung des Projektes ESI-CorA. Er gab den Projektstand wieder, den UBA und BAM bis dahin erzielt hatten, das SARS-CoV-2 Virus und die anthropogenen Marker in 20 Kläranlagenzuläufen zu bestimmen und miteinander zu korrelieren.
Non-isothermal heating rate kinetics was applied to two epoxy resin systems. In situ near-infrared (NIR) measurements were taken with a heatable NIR cell which allowed the cure to be monitored by characteristic absorption bands. An autocatalyzed reaction of the nth order was shown to describe the epoxy conversion curves. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used as a complementary method. The kinetic models developed by both NIR and DSC are in good accordance with experimental epoxy conversion in the in situ NIR setup for single and multiple cure temperature ramps.
A linear calibration curve of the characteristic absorption bands of epoxy normalized to aromatic vibrations was introduced. The curing degree of structural epoxies that were cured according to an industrial temperature cure profile was determined by NIR using the calibration curve. The epoxy conversions of the structural components showed good agreement with the experimental in situ NIR. Several degrees of cure for structural specimens were evaluated by NIR and residual reaction enthalpy by DSC. We present the non-destructive NIR spectroscopy as an alternative to determine fast and non-destructive epoxy conversion, particularly suitable for high degrees of cure on structural components.
The pyrolysis and fire behavior of glass-fiber reinforced poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT/GF) with two different metal phosphinates as flame retardants in combination with and without melamine cyanurate (MC) were analyzed by means of thermogravimetry, thermogravimetry coupled with infrared spectroscopy, flammability, and cone calorimeter tests as well as scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. In PBT/GF, dosages of 13-20% of the halogen-free flame retardant aluminum phosphinate or aluminum phosphinate in combination with MC fulfill the requirements for electrical engineering and electronics applications (UL 94 = V-0; LOI > 42%), whereas the use of the same amount of zinc phosphinate or zinc phosphinate in combination with MC does not improve the fire behavior satisfactorily (UL 94 = HB; LOI = 27-28%). The performance under forced flaming conditions (cone calorimeter) is quite similar for both of the metal phosphinates. The use of aluminum and zinc salts results in similar flame inhibition predominantly due to the release of the phosphinate compounds in the gas phase. Both metal phosphinates and MC interact with the polymer changing the decomposition characteristics. However, part of the zinc phosphinate vaporizes as a complete molecule. Because of the different decomposition behavior of the metal salts, only the aluminum phosphinate results in a small amount of thermally stable carbonaceous char. In particular, the aluminum phosphinate-terephthalate formed is more stable than the zinc phosphinate-terephthalate. The small amount of char has a crucial effect on the thermal properties and mechanical stability of the residue and thus the flammability.