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Beside quenched and tempered (QT) high strength steels advanced technologies in steel manufacturing provide steels produced by the thermo-mechanical controlled process (TMCP) with yield strength of 960 MPa. These steels differ in the carbon and micro-alloying element content. With variation of heat control TIG-welded dummy seams on both steel types were performed. Analyses concerning microstructure and residual stress evolution due to welding showed typical stress distributions according to common concepts. Yet, the TMCP-steel shows higher residual stresses than the QT-steel.
Correlating welding reaction stresses and weld process conditons for high-strength steel S960QL
(2014)
As a result of current trends towards lightweight design, a growing amount of high-strength steels with yield strengths above 690 MPa is applied. In comparison to the weld process of lower-strength steels, small working ranges have to be achieved with respect to a special microstructure and high yield ratio. However, the sustainable and economic application of these steels depends on the loading capacity and the safety of welds when designing weld constructions. For these demands, a precise knowledge of welding stress level and distribution is essential. Therefore, the present study is concerned with the interaction between heat control (interpass temperature and heat input) and local as well as global stresses in high-strength steel welds. Specimens were multirun welded under defined restraint conditions in a special test facility (controlled tensile weldability (CTW) test) to consider global restraint. For the comparison concerning local residual stresses, free shrinkage test welds were performed as well. The evaluation shows a significant influence of the interpass temperature on the global reaction forces. Furthermore, increased heat input and high interpass temperatures cause higher tensile residual stresses. This occurred in the weld area of both free shrinkage test specimen and CTW test specimen.
Today high-strength structural steels (yield strength ≥ 960 MPa) are increasingly applied. Therefore, weldments have to achieve equal strength. Yet, high residual stresses in those welds diminish the components safety. Especially high restraint intensities can lead to crack-critical stress-levels. A special 2-MN-test facility allowed online-measurements of global reaction forces under defined restraint conditions during welding and cooling of multilayer-component MAG-welds. Local residual stresses were measured via X-ray diffraction before and after relief of the restraint. Local and global stresses were highly affected by heat control.
In modernen Stahlkonstruktionen werden zunehmend hochfeste Feinkornbaustähle mit Streckgrenzen ab 960 MPa eingesetzt. Die wirtschaftliche Verarbeitung dieser Stähle wird neben der Erreichung der anforderungsgerechten mechanischen Eigenschaften durch die Sicherheitsanforderungen an die Schweißnaht bestimmt. Dabei bedingen hohe Eigenspannungen im Schweißnahtbereich eine Reduzierung der Bauteilsicherheit. Insbesondere bei erhöhter konstruktiver Schrumpfbehinderung können Eigenspannungen risskritisches Niveau erreichen. In einer speziellen 2- MN-Prüfanlage wurden dazu Bauteilschweißversuche mit definierter äußerer Schrumpfbehinderung abgebildet. Während dieser mehrlagigen Schweißversuche war die gleichzeitige Messung von Temperatur und Reaktionskräften beim Schweißen und Abkühlen möglich. Die schweißnahtnahen Eigenspannungen wurden mittels röntgenographischer Eigenspannungsanalyse vor und nach dem Entlasten des Probeblechs in der Prüfanlage ermittelt. Sowohl die globalen als auch die lokalen schweißbedingten Beanspruchungen waren deutlich von der Wärmeführung beeinflusst.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Modern steel constructions are built increasingly using highstrength fine-grained structural steels with a yield strength of ≥ 960 MPa. The efficient processing of these steels is determined not only by the achievement of the mechanical properties needed but also by the safety requirements of the weld. High stresses in the weld area cause a reduction of the component safety. Residual stresses can reach a critical level at which the material is susceptible to cracking, especially in case of increased constructive restraint. For this purpose, component weld tests with a defined external restraint were reproduced in a special 2-MN-testing facility. During these multi-layer weld tests the simultaneous measurement of the temperature and reaction forces during welding and cooling was possible. The residual stresses of the weld joint area were determined by means of X-ray difraction analysis before and after release of the restraint. The global stresses due to welding as well as the local ones were clearly influenced by the heat control.