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Die Reduzierung von Schadstoffen im Grundwasser mit reaktiven Wänden ist eine neuartiges passives Sanierungsverfahren. Die am häufigsten angewandten Dekontaminierungsprozesse sind dabei chemische Reduktion, Oxidation, Ausfällung und Sorption, die im Bericht beispielhaft dargestellt sind. Blei, Chrom und insbesondere Uran werden unter den anorganischen Schadstoffen detailliert behandelt, da solche Grundwasserverunreinigung in vielen europäischen Ländern auftreten. Baumethoden für Dichtwände und reaktive Wände weisen gemeinsame Merkmale auf. Neben den gewöhnlichen Methoden werden Bohrverfahren, deep-soil-mixing, Strahltechnologien, Brunnengalerien, Injektionssysteme und Biobarrieren angewendet, um reaktive Wände zu errichten. Die Technik der reaktiven Wände besitzt ein großes Potential für die Sanierungstechnik der Zukunft.
Long-term performance of permeable reactive barriers has been investigated in laboratory experiments using elemental iron and hydroxyapatite as reactive materials and uranium as contaminant. Accelerated testing has been performed by applying elevated pollutant concentration and an increased flow velocity. The spatial distribution of uranium in the test columns has been investigated using a radioactive tracer. The results show that the migration pattern exhibits a linear behaviour.
Permeable reactive barriers
(2005)
Langzeitbeständigkeit von permeablen reaktiven Wänden zur Sanierung kontaminierter Grundwässer
(2003)
Sustainability has become the conscientious and future-oriented principle of modern resource management and environmental protection because caring for the future is tantamount to providing manageable and healthy surroundings for ourselves. For the foreseeable future, geotechnical and environmental engineers must therefore be concerned with ensuring a healthy balance between extraction, processing, manufacturing, utilization, recycling, and disposal of materials and products.
Since it was realized that sites contaminated with metals and radionuclides needed treatment, various remediation methods have been and are being developed. Depending on the size of the contaminated site and urgency of intervention, conventional or recently introduced techniques have been used. Conventional techniques include excavation and removal for treatment of soil and contaminants, or the so-called “pump-and-treat” method, in which contaminated groundwater is removed from the ground by pumping and treated in a treatment plant on the surface. It has the advantage of using proven techniques and is easy to control, and the treated groundwater can be reinjected into the ground or discharged in rivers or lakes. Novel methods include permeable reactive barriers, biomineralization, and electrokinetic remediation.