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- Klärschlamm (2)
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Organisationseinheit der BAM
The development of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications requires accurate histological evaluation. Prussian blue iron staining is widely used but may be unspecific when tissues contain substantial endogenous iron. Here we tested whether microscopy by laser ablation coupled to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) is sensitive enough to analyze accumulation of very small iron oxide particles (VSOP) doped with europium in tissue sections.
Phosphorus (P) is an essential element for all life forms, and P-availability thus an important driver of a functioning agriculture. However, phosphate rock resources for P-fertilizer production are only available in a few countries. Therefore, P-recovery from waste materials has become of increasing interest during the last decade and has been investigated worldwide. In order to characterize potential novel P-fertilizers made from recycled materials, a large array of P-compound characterizations, chemical extractions and growth experiments were performed. This review bundles the work carried out in that field over the last years. Overall, P-fertilizers from recycled materials show a broad range of P-compounds with very different chemical structure and solubility. Growth experiments performed to assess their fertilizing effects display high variations for most of the products. While these experiments have demonstrated that some fertilizers made of recycled materials may reach P effects in the same order of magnitude as water-soluble phosphate rock-based fertilizers, an important limitation in their interpretation is the fact that they often vary considerably in their experimental design. The existing data show clearly that standardization of growth experiments is urgently needed to achieve comparable results. Standard chemical extractants used to assess the chemical solubility of P-fertilizers were found to be of limited reliability for predicting plant P uptake. Therefore, alternative methods such as sequential fractionation, or the extraction of incubated soil/fertilizer mixtures with standard soil extractants or with P sink methods should be tested more intensively in the future to provide alternative options to predict the P-availability of fertilizers from recycled materials.
Phosphor ist ein für alle Lebewesen essenzielles Element und kann in seinen Funktionen z. B. als Bestandteil der DNS und RNS sowie als Schlüsselelement beim Energiestoffwechsel (ADP/ATP) nicht ersetzt werden. Klärschlammaschen sind aufgrund ihrer hohen Gehalte an Phosphor (1525 % P2O5) geeignete Sekundärrohstoffe für die Herstellung von P-Düngemitteln. Aufgrund der schlechten Pflanzenverfügbarkeit des Phosphors und der Gehalte an umweltrelevanten Schwermetallen sollten diese allerdings nicht direkt in der Landwirtschaft eingesetzt werden. Im Mittelpunkt des EU-Projekts SUSAN steht die Entwicklung und Optimierung einer thermochemischen Behandlung von Klärschlammaschen, mit der die Düngewirkung der Aschen auf das Niveau konventioneller Mineraldünger (Thomaskali und Superphosphat SSP) angehoben wird und die Schwermetallkonzentrationen unter die Grenzwerte nach Düngemittelverordnungen europäischer Länder abgesenkt werden. Die sehr positiven Ergebnisse, die bisher im SUSAN-Projekt erzielt wurden, und die darauf basierenden ökonomischen Betrachtungen legen eine großtechnische Umsetzung des Verfahrens nahe.