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- Rekonstruktion (4)
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Eingeladener Vortrag
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The paper presents numerical methods to detect and classify defects and inhomogeneities by means of active thermography. The objective is to determine the wall thickness of structure elements with an inaccessible back wall, for example, of pipes or Containers. As test specimens we used approximately 2 cm thick PVC samples with spatial variations in the back wall geometry. Flash lamps provided the heating. To know the thickness of the wall, we used two inversion methods and compared the results achieved. One is an iterative echo defect shape method and already tested on Steel test specimens with good reconstruction results. The second one is the Levenberg-Marquardt method, applied here to thermographic data for non-destructive testing. Since data capturing using active thermography and the presented numerical methods can easily be automated, the combination of these two procedures is a promising approach providing a broad area of application.
In diesem Beitrag werden numerische Verfahren zur Erkennung und Charakterisierung von Fehlstellen, Schichtdicken, Wanddicken und Inhomogenitäten mittels aktiver Thermografie vorgestellt. Eine uantitative Beurteilung der nicht immer zugänglichen Rückwand eines Bauteils (Minderdicken) ist durch Inversion thermografischer Messdaten möglich. Diese quantitativen Informationen können durch iterative Methoden vom Gauß-Newton-Typ (Inversion) gewonnen werden. Als reale Prüfobjekte werden ca. 2 cm dicke PVC-Platten mit örtlich variierender Rückwandgeometrie untersucht. Die Erwärmung erfolgt mit
Blitzlampen, welche die PVC-Platte kurzzeitig um mehrere K erwärmt. Ein wichtiger Teil der Inversion ist die Simulation des Experiments, welche mit Finite-Elemente-Methoden (FEM) in 2D realisiert wird. Da Inversion und active Thermografie automatisierbar sind, bietet die Kombination breite Anwendungsgebiete innerhalb der Industrie.
Pulse thermography is a non-destructive testing method based on infrared imaging of transient thermal patterns. Heating the surface of the structure under test for a short period of time generates a non-stationary temperature distribution and thus a thermal contrast between the defect and the sound material. In modern NDT, a quantitative characterization of hidden imperfections in materials is desired. In particular, defect depth and shape are of interest. The reconstruction of the defect from thermography data is a nonlinear inverse problem, and ill-posed. We propose an algorithm for the identification of subsurface defects based on the travel time of the reflected thermal pulse. Our work extends results by Lugin and Netzelmann, taking lateral thermal flows directly into account while retrieving the defect depth. This requires significantly less computational work. Quantitative information about the defect shape and depth is obtained. Application of our method to both thermography data generated by a finite element simulation and experimental heating of PVC test specimens with different defects yields good reconstruction of the actual defects.
Untersuchungen zur 2D- und 3D-Rekonstruktion von Rückwandgeometrien in der Impuls-Thermografie
(2012)