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Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (11)
Carbon arc-air gouging is a common technology when repairing defects in welded structures. Often this technique is applied in repeated cycles even on the same location of the joint. Due to the multiple heat input by gouging and subsequent re-welding, the residual stresses are strongly influenced. This can become crucial when microstructure and mechanical properties are adversely affected by multiple weld reparations. Knowledge about the relation of gouging and residual stresses is scarce but important when high strength steels, which are sensitive to residual stresses, are processed. The present study shows the effect of repair welding on a high strength steel structural element. The weld and the heat affected zone were subjected to multiple thermal cycles by gouging and subsequent repair welding. The residual stresses were determined by X-ray diffraction at different positions along the joint. The results showed that the residual stress level has increased by the repair cycles. This is most pronounced for the heat affected zone. Adapted welding procedures may prevent detrimental residual stress distributions.
AZ31 Mg alloy sheet was welded using a gas-tungsten arc (GTA) process over inserts containing 2.3-9.3 wt.% Al. The welded specimens were susceptible to SCC in distilled water, with susceptibility increasing with decreasing weld metal Al (or β particle) concentration. Primary stress corrosion cracks initiated at the weld metal-HAZ interface by stress-assisted localised dissolution and propagated through the weld and base metals by transgranular and intergranular H-assisted fracture (TG-HAF and IG-HAF) respectively. The IG fracture mode may be intrinsic to the texture imparted upon the base metal by rolling. The increase in SCC susceptibility with decreasing weld metal Al concentration is contrary to the purported roles of β particles in promoting localised corrosion and as crack nucleation sites, but corresponds with increases in weld - base metal galvanic current density and weld metal localised corrosion susceptibility.
Widerstandsschweißen
(2001)
Zur Untersuchung der lokalen Beanspruchbarkeit an Punktschweißverbindungen und zur Ermittlung aussa-gekräftiger Schwingfestigkeitskenndaten wurde eine hochgenaue thermometrische Messmethode entwickelt, um die Rissentstehung am zyklisch beanspruchten Schweißpunkt zu detektieren und die Rissausbreitung zu verfolgen.
Bei den Untersuchungen wurde ein hochgenaues Messsystem für Thermoelemente mit einer Messunsicher-heit < 1mK eingesetzt. Einige speziellen Maßnahmen mussten ergriffen werden, um die durch Rissentste-hung und Rissausbreitung verursachte Temperaturänderung am Schweißpunkt im mK-Bereichen sicher zu erfassen. An Einpunkt-Scherzugproben aus den untersuchten Werkstoffen DC 01 und H 280 LA konnte mit der Messmethode die Entstehung von Rissen mit einer Tiefe < 0.1 mm durch einen signifikanten Tempera-turanstieg zuverlässig detektiert werden. Bei halblogarithmischer Darstellung des Temperaturanstiegs über Schädigungsgröße ist eine lineare Korrelation festzustellen. Der Temperaturverlauf charakterisiert das Er-müdungsverhalten von Verbindungen in Abhängigkeit von der Zeit bzw. von den Schwingspielzyklen und ermöglicht die Ermittlung der rissfreien Lebensdauer von Schweißpunkten. Wöhlerlinien für Risseinleitung und Probenbruch konnten mit üblichem Probenumfang ermittelt werden.
Substantial improvement in the fatigue strength of spot welded high-strength steels has been achieved with the help of a mechanical method, i. e. preloading. Fatigue tests of preloaded tensile shear specimens made from the material H280LA have revealed that their S/N-curves, compared to those of non-preloaded specimens, are not only located at elevated positions, but have flatter slope, too. Low cycle fatigue tests of the triple-spot weld tensile shear specimens examined yielded an increase in fatigue strength of around 50 %. Due to preloading, the notch zones in the spot welded area undergo plastic deformation as a result of high notch stresses. After specimen unloading, compressive stresses arise in this area involving a beneficial specimen behaviour under the load imposed in subsequent fatigue testing, thus causing delayed crack initiation in the spot weld area.