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- Transfer film (3)
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- Cryogenic tribology (1)
- Crystal (1)
- Dye (1)
- Encoding (1)
- Fluoranthene (1)
Organisationseinheit der BAM
This paper presents investigations on the tribological behaviour of PTFE composites against steel at cryogenic temperatures. The results showed that the friction coefficient decreases with temperature down to 77 K, but did not follow a linear evolution further down to extreme low temperatures. It can be stated that the cryogenic environment has a significant influence on the tribological performance of the polymer composites. The effect of low temperatures was more clearly detected at low sliding speed, where friction heat is reduced. A change in wear mechanism from adhesive to abrasive was observed in this case. SEM and AFM analyses showed that the PTFE matrix composites investigated under these experimental conditions have transferred material onto the disc down to very low temperatures. Chemical analyses indicate the presence of iron fluorides.
Tribologisches Verhalten der Werkstoffpaarung Polymerverbundwerkstoff/Stahl bei tiefen Temperaturen
(2003)
Tribologisches Verhalten der Werkstoffpaarung Polymerverbundwerkstoff/Stahl bei tiefen Temperaturen
(2005)
Thermal shock cycle experiments between room and cryogenic temperatures on polymer composites
(2002)
Outstanding features favour the application of polymers and polymer composites in low-temperature technology. The booming hydrogen technology is a challenge for these materials, which are considered as seals and bearings in cryogenic pumps. In the present study, three types of thermoplastics, i.e., polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polyetherimide (PEI) and polyamide 6,6 (PA6,6), and one epoxy were considered as matrix materials. Micron-sized fillers, i.e., short carbon fibres, graphite flakes, and PTFE powders, were incorporated into these polymers together with nano-sized TiO2 particles. Optimised compositions of each matrix were selected from our previous works at room temperature in order to be studied at very low temperature conditions. In particular, frictional tests were carried out with polymer composite pins against polished steel surfaces under constant load over a certain distance in liquid hydrogen and liquid nitrogen. Afterwards, worn surfaces were analysed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found out that the tribological properties in liquid hydrogen are dominated by the matrix materials, in particular thermoplastics perform generally slightly better than thermosetting resins.
Special aspects of welded components such as geometrical imperfections, inhomogeneity, strength mismatch and welding residual stresses have to be taken into account in a fracture mechanics analysis since they affect the crack driving force in the component as weil as the fracture resistance of the material. The treatment of components subjected to static loading is based on methods such as the European SINT AP procedure, which has been validated in a nurober of case studies. In the present paper the influence of strength mismatch and residual stresses on the fracture resistance and the assessment of a component are discussed.
The absorption and emission properties of organic dyes are generally tuned by altering the substitution pattern. However, tuning the fluorescence lifetimes over a range of several 10 ns while barely affecting the spectral features and maintaining a moderate fluorescence quantum yield is challenging. Such properties are required for lifetime multiplexing and barcoding applications. Here, we show how this can be achieved for the class of fluoranthene dyes, which have substitution-dependent lifetimes between 6 and 33 ns for single wavelength excitation and emission. We explore the substitution-dependent emissive properties in the crystalline solid state that would prevent applications.
Furthermore, by analyzing dye mixtures and embedding the dyes in carboxyfunctionalized 8 μm-sized polystyrene particles, the unprecedented potential of these dyes as labels and encoding fluorophores for time-resolved fluorescence detection techniques is demonstrated.