Filtern
Erscheinungsjahr
- 2021 (4) (entfernen)
Dokumenttyp
- Zeitschriftenartikel (2)
- Beitrag zu einem Tagungsband (1)
- Vortrag (1)
Schlagworte
Organisationseinheit der BAM
- 9.0 Abteilungsleitung und andere (4) (entfernen)
Eingeladener Vortrag
- nein (1)
High entropy alloys (HEA) are a new class of materials. In contrast to conventional alloys, HEA are single-phase alloys with at least five alloying elements. HEAs have enormous application potential due to (postulated) excellent structural property combinations from low to high temperatures. For HEA-application as structural materials in real components, a key issue is the suitability for joining processing. Requirements for the reliable and safe joining of these materials are crucial regarding economical component manufacture for future applications. In this context, friction stir welding (FSW) is a promising joining process due to the welding process temperature below the material melting point avoiding major issues, e. g. formation of (hard and brittle) intermetallic phases, which may have detrimental influences on the weld joint properties.
This study presents elementary research about the FSW process influences on a CoCrFeMnNi-HEA with focus on the microstructure and mechanical properties. For that purpose, the FSW joint of the HEA is compared to that of an austenitic stainless steel AISI 304. The microstructures of the welds were investigated and characterized by means of light microscopy, SEM, EBSD and XRD. Hardness and tensile testing were applied to determine influences on the mechanical properties. Generally, a comparable weldability of HEA and AISI 304 in terms of metallurgical characteristics and resulting mechanical properties exhibited. For the weld joints of both materials typical characteristics regarding FSW were observed within the weld metal and thermo-mechanically influenced zone: fine-grained stirred zone with increased hardness and reduced fracture elongation compared with the respective base material.
For higher operational temperatures and pressures required in petrochemical plants, the modified 13CrMoV9-10 steel was developed providing high resistance against creep and compressed hydrogen. Extreme care during the welding procedure is necessary for this steel, attributed to low toughness, high strength in as-welded state, and increased susceptibility to stress relief cracking (SRC) during post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). Previous research of SRC in creep-resistant steels discussed mainly thermal and metallurgical factors. Few previous findings addressed the influences of welding procedure on crack formation during PWHT considering real-life manufacturing conditions. These investigations focus on effects of welding heat control on stresses during welding and subsequent PWHT operations close to realistic restraint and heat dissipation conditions using a special 3D testing facility, which was presented in parts I and II of this contribution. Part III addresses investigations on residual stress evolution affecting crack formation and discusses the transferability of results from large-scale testing to laboratory-scale. Experiments with test set-ups at different scales under diverse rigidity conditions and an assessment of the residual stresses of the weld-specimens using X-ray (surface near) and neutron diffraction analysis (bulk) were performed. This study aims to provide a way of investigating the SRC behaviour considering component-specific residual stresses via small-scale testing concepts instead of expensive weld mock-ups.
Hoch- und Mittelentropie-Legierungen (engl. High/Medium Entropy Alloys–HEA/MEA) sind relativ neue Werkstoffklassen. Im Gegensatz zu herkömmlichen Le-gierungen bestehen HEA aus fünf bzw. MEA aus drei oder vier Legierungselementen im äquiatomaren Gleichgewicht. Viele HEA weisen aufgrund hervorragender struktu-reller Eigenschaftskombinationen von sehr tiefen bis zu hohen Temperaturen enor-mes Anwendungspotential auf. Die Anwendung für reale Bauteile stellt jedoch die zentrale Frage der Eignung für die fügetechnische Verarbeitung. Dieser Aspekt findet in der weltweiten Materialforschung bisher kaum Beachtung. Anforderungen an die zuverlässige und sichere fügetechnische Verarbeitung dieser Werkstoffe sind von wesentlicher Bedeutung hinsichtlich wirtschaftlicher Bauteilfertigung für spätere po-tenzielle Anwendungsbereiche, bspw. in der Energietechnik. Das Rührreibschweißen (engl. Friction Stir Welding–FSW) stellt hierbei einen vielversprechenden Fügepro-zess dar, dessen Hauptvorteil in der Schweißprozesstemperatur unterhalb der Schmelztemperatur der zu fügenden Werkstoffe liegt. Dies bedingt die Vermeidung der Ausbildung von harten, versprödenden intermetallischen Phasen, wie sie z. B. beim konventionellen Schmelzschweißen von Eisen-Aluminium-Verbindungen auf-treten. Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt grundlegende Untersuchungen zur Schweißbar-keit einer CoCrFeMnNi-Legierung (HEA) und einer CoCrNi-Legierung (MEA) mit dem FSW-Prozess vor. Die Versuchsschweißungen werden mittels mikroskopischer Analysen hinsichtlich des Schweißnahtaufbaus sowie Schweißnahtfehlern charakte-risiert. FSW zeigt sich als grundlegend geeignet zur Verbindungsschweißung der HEA bzw. MEA. Anhand dieser Ergebnisse kann eine weitere Bewertung der Schweißbar-keit erfolgen.
High-entropy alloys (HEAs) and compositionally complex alloys (CCAs) represent new classes of materials containing five or more alloying elements (concentration of each element ranging from 5 to 35 at. %). In the present study, HEAs are defined as single-phase solid solutions; CCAs contain at least two phases. The alloy concept of HEAs/CCAs is fundamentally different from most conventional alloys and promises interesting properties for industrial applications (e.g., to overcome the strength-ductility trade-off). To date, little attention has been paid to the weldability of HEAs/CCAs encompassing effects on the welding metallurgy. It remains open whether welding of HEAs/CCAs may lead to the formation of brittle intermetallics and promote elemental segregation at crystalline defects. The effect on the weld joint properties (strength, corrosion resistance) must be investigated. The weld metal and heat-affected zone in conventional alloys are characterized by non-equilibrium microstructural evolutions that most probably occur in HEAs/CCAs. The corresponding weldability has not yet been studied in detail in the literature, and the existing information is not documented in a comprehensive way. Therefore, this study summarizes the most important results on the welding of HEAs/CCAs and their weld joint properties, classified by HEA/CCA type (focused on CoCrFeMnNi and AlxCoCrCuyFeNi system) and welding process.