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Eingeladener Vortrag
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Sensor based person tracking is a challenging
topic. The main objective is positioning in areas without
GPS connection, i.e. indoors. A research project is carried
out at BAM, Federal Institute for Materials Research and
Testing, to develop and to validate a multi-sensor system for
3D localization. It combines body motion sensing and a
guard system for the tracking and recording of the status of
persons. The so named BodyGuard system was designed for
sensor-based monitoring and radio-based transmission of
the movement of a person. Algorithms were developed to
transform the sensor data into a spatial coordinate. This
paper describes how the BodyGuard system operates, which
main components were used in the system, how the
individual sensor data are converted into 3D motion data,
with which algorithms the individual sensors are processed,
how individual errors are compensated and how the sensor
data are merged into a 3D Model. Final objective of the
BodyGuard system is to determine the exact location of a
person in a building, e.g. during fire-fighting operations.
Gas source localization with a micro-drone using bio-inspired and particle filter-based algorithms
(2013)
Gas source localization (GSL) with mobile robots is a challenging task due to the unpredictable nature of gas dispersion, the limitations of the currents sensing technologies, and the mobility constraints of ground-based robots. This work proposes an integral solution for the GSL task, including source declaration. We present a novel pseudo-gradient-based plume tracking algorithm and a particle filter-based source declaration approach, and apply it on a gas-sensitive micro-drone. We compare the performance of the proposed system in simulations and real-world experiments against two commonly used tracking algorithms adapted for aerial exploration missions.
BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing, in cooperation with the company MeGaSen UG carries out a research project to enhance and validate an innovative approach for distributed subsurface monitoring of gas storage areas. The concept combines different measurement technologies to one multifunctional sensor: membrane-based gas measurement technology for in-situ monitoring of gases in soil and fiber optical sensing of temperature and strain (as a measure for structural change). Key aspect of the research project is the first-time validation of the system in an application relevant dimension. For this purpose a 20 x 20 m2 test field is build. A comprehensive validation of the system is carried out by systematic variation of different parameters like position-dependent gasinjection, temperature and mechanical impact.
This paper presents a sampling strategy for mobile gas sensors. Sampling points are selected using a modified artificial potential field (APF) approach, which balances multiple criteria to direct sensor measurements towards locations of high mean concentration, high concentration variance and areas for which the uncertainty about the gas distribution model is still large. By selecting in each step the most often suggested close-by measurement location, the proposed approach introduces a locality constraint that allows planning suitable paths for mobile gas sensors. Initial results in simulation and in real-world experiments with a gas-sensitive micro-drone demonstrate the suitability of the proposed sampling strategy for gas distribution mapping and its use for gas source localization.
Damage to buildings occurs if a construction component fails. The result is a partial or total collapse which can be dangerous for people for example if it's a bridge or a large hall. The collapse of the terminal building at the Airport Charles de Gaulle in Paris and the damage at the historic City Archives of Cologne are typical examples of such accidents. Another problem is the contradiction of the increasing volume of traffic (particularly heavy traffic) and the great age of bridges. The probability increases that the load-bearing capacity of a bridge decreases. For example the collapses of the Mississippi Bridge and of the Inntal Motorway Bridge can be seen as results. Therefore it is necessary to control endangered structures during their life span.
In order to prevent these kinds of accidents, the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing developed a radio-based, self-configuring measuring system in cooperation with the ScatterWeb Company, Berlin (Germany). This measuring system consists of identically designed sensor modules which are self-sustaining, wireless, act as transmitters and receivers and are equipped with a special sensor technology for long-term monitoring of buildings or engineering facilities. The sensor unit uses strain gauges for stress analysis and contains interfaces for additional sensors. The system in particular applies to buildings and structures for transport and traffic and large-scale industrial facilities, where a subsequent wiring installation is difficult or impossible.
A multi-sensor system for 3D localization was developed and named BodyGuard. It combines body movement sensing and a guard system for the tracking and recording of the status of persons. BodyGuard was designed to monitor and transmit the movement of a person radio-based and to transform that data into a spatial coordinate. This paper describes how the BodyGuard system works, what components the system consists of, how the individual sensor data is converted into 3D motion data, with which algorithms the individual sensors are processed, how individual errors are compensated and how the sensor data are fused into a 3D Model.
Ständig überwacht
(2012)
In this study a method for early damage detection is investigated based on the directed excitation and measuring of Lamb waves (guided waves). The objective is to make a statement about the practicability of a Lamb wave generator (LWG) and about the application relevant parameters (specimen materials and dimensions, wave characteristics, excitation, transmission und reflection). Guided waves enable an effective differentiation of structural and defective indications as well as a classification of different defect types. For the investigations, a LWG was developed which combines the advantages of the single excitation of a piezoelectric actuator and the possibility of a group excitation. Algorithms were developed to identify and analyze damage patterns (cracks, wholes, weakening).
Trotz strenger gesetzlicher Regelungen kommt es immer wieder zu schwerwiegenden Unfällen und Mängeln beim Transport und der Lagerung von Gefahrgütern. Die Ursachen dafür sind oft technisches, aber auch menschliches Versagen. Nicht zu unterschätzen ist die ständig wachsende Anzahl von Gefahrguttransporten auf deutschen Straßen. Waren 2002 noch 126 Mio. t Fracht mit Gefahrguttransporten im Straßenverkehr unterwegs, stieg die Frachtmenge im Jahr 2008 bereits auf 171 Mio. t. In den letzen Jahren ereigneten sich nach Angaben des statistischen Bundesamtes etwa 300 schwere Unfälle, an denen Gefahrguttransporte beteiligt waren. Allein 2009 wurden 1 372 Unfälle mit wassergefährdenden Stoffen registriert, wobei insgesamt 376 000 l wassergefährdende Stoffe freigesetzt wurden.