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- 3 Gefahrgutumschließungen; Energiespeicher (4)
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- 8.1 Sensorik, mess- und prüftechnische Verfahren (3)
- 2 Prozess- und Anlagensicherheit (2)
- 2.1 Sicherheit von Energieträgern (2)
- 2.2 Prozesssimulation (2)
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- 3.3 Sicherheit von Transportbehältern (2)
- 7 Bauwerkssicherheit (2)
- 7.5 Technische Eigenschaften von Polymerwerkstoffen (2)
Wood is widely used in impact limiters of Transport casks for radioactive material. Encapsulated by an outer and inner Steel structure, spruce wood is offen applied in layers of altemating direction. The friction at the interfaces between these layers is of crucial importance for the impact and energy absorption e.g., at an accidental impact of a cask against a hard component.
In order to get detailed Information for corresponding numerical calculations, in this study the friction coefficient for the combinations wood-wood and wood-steel was measured in the temperature ränge between -40 °C and 90 °C according to the relevant stress conditions for such casks. Results show decreasing friction with increasing temperature, ranging from 0.43 at -40 °C to 0.22 for 90 °C for wood-steel combinations and from 0.3 at -40 °C to 0.24 at 90 °C to for a wood-wood combination.
Impact limiting components of packages for the transport of radioactivematerials are often designed as wood filled steel constructions. Wood absorbs major part of the impact energy in order to minimise the impact load acting upon the containment. Dynamic impact experiments with wood filled impact limiters showed different crushing mechanisms for axially loaded wood depending on their lateral constraint. Tests on spruce wood samples (Picea abies) were performed in order to clarify the influence of strain rate from static to 30 s-1 on a) compression strength, b) stress at a global strain level of 50%, and c) energy absorption capacity at 50% deformation, including statistical evaluation of the results. Results were as follows: strain rate increase led to significantly higher compression strength, stress and strain energy at a strain level of 50%. Lateral strain restriction had no effect on compression strength; it had a significant effect on stress and strain energy at strain level of 50%. Therefore, the definition of a general yield curve for wood under large deformations is not possible, the yield curve has to be chosen taking into account lateral constraints.
Verkehrsunfälle unter Beteiligung von Fahrzeugen mit alternativen Kraftstoffen wie LPG („Autogas“, Liquefied Petroleum Gas), CNG (Compressed Natural Gas, komprimiertes Erdgas) oder CGH2 (Compressed Gas Hydrogen, komprimierter Wasserstoff), bergen neue, komplexe Risiken für Passagiere, Einsatzkräfte und deren Umfeld. Im Rahmen des Projektes „CoFi-ABV“ beschäftigt sich die Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM) unter Berücksichtigung komplexer Brand- und Explosionsszenarien mit einer ganzheitlichen Betrachtung der Auswirkungen des unfallbedingten Versagens von Gasbehältern für alternative Kraftstoffe. Ein wichtiger Teil des Forschungsvorhabens umfasst Entwicklung, Aufbau und Validierung einer unbemannten Flugplattform (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV) zur Ferndetektion von Gaswolken. Für das sogenannte gassensitive Mini-UAV wird ein robuster Open-Path-Gasdetektor auf einer Sensorbewegungsplattform in Form eines modifizierten Kamera-Gimbals, integriert. Ziel ist es, ein leistungsfähiges und robustes Werkzeug zu entwickeln, welches Einsatzkräften im Falle eines Unfalls als Hilfe zur Abschätzung der Gefahr durch Gaswolken, ihrer Ausbreitung und der notwendigen Absperrbereiche zur Verfügung steht. Dieser Artikel ist der zweite der Reihe und legt, nach Projektvorstellung im ersten Teil, nun den Schwerpunkt auf das gassensitive Mini-UAV.
In this paper, we present and validate the concept of an autonomous aerial robot to reconstruct tomographic 2D slices of gas plumes in outdoor environments. Our platform, the so-called Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for Remote Gas Sensing (UAV-REGAS), combines a lightweight Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy (TDLAS) gas sensor with a 3-axis aerial stabilization gimbal for aiming at a versatile octocopter. While the TDLAS sensor provides integral gas concentration measurements, it does not measure the distance traveled by the laser diode’s beam nor the distribution of gas along the optical path. Thus, we complement the set-up with a laser rangefinder and apply principles of Computed Tomography (CT) to create a model of the spatial gas distribution from a set of integral concentration measurements. To allow for a fundamental ground truth evaluation of the applied gas tomography algorithm, we set up a unique outdoor test environment based on two 3D ultrasonic anemometers and a distributed array of 10 infrared gas transmitters. We present results showing its performance characteristics and 2D plume reconstruction capabilities under realistic conditions. The proposed system can be deployed in scenarios that cannot be addressed by currently available robots and thus constitutes a significant step forward for the field of Mobile Robot Olfaction (MRO).
Alumosols in combination with well dispersed corundum were successfully used to form up to 2.5 ìm thick coatings on the Ni-base alloy SC16. These coatings withstood heat treatments at 700 °C in a water vapour containing atmosphere. The heat treatment caused formation of delta-alumina in the coating and diffusion of chromium and titanium into the coating.